REPRODUCTION and

DEVELOPMENT
(Plants and Animals)
 REPRODUCTION
- process of producing offspring
- There are 2 main types: SEXUAL and ASEXUAL

Sexual Reproduction - use of sex cells or gametes (egg cell and sperm cell
- genetic variability
- relatively slower

Asexual Reproduction - does not make use of gametes

- parents similar with offspring
- relatively fast
 ASexual REPRODUCTION
BINARY FISSION - a type of asexual reproduction involving the division of
the body into two or more equal parts.
- Paramecium, bacteria amoeba
- usually single celled organisms
 ASexual REPRODUCTION
BUDDING - type of asexual reproduction where a new
individual arises as an outgrowth (bud) from its parent,
develop organs like those of the parent, and then detaches
itself
 ASexual REPRODUCTION
FRAGMENTATION - a type of asexual reproduction where the body breaks
into two or more parts, with each fragment capable of becoming a complete
individual; in animals, fragmentation is usually followed by regeneration
where the missing parts are produced. For example, a lost arm of the starfish
may be regenerated by mitotic cell divisions
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
 reproductive organ
Male Reproductive Organ
- produces sperm cells (spermatogenesis)
- regulated by hormones
- varies from species to species
 reproductive organ
Female Reproductive Organ
- produces egg cells (oogenesis)
- Ovarian and Uterine Cycle (Menstrual Cycle)
- regulated by hormones
 ANimal development
i. Gametogenesis
- production of gametes via Meiosis

II. Fertilization
- results in a unicellular diploid zygote
- Meiosis II of egg cell proceeds

III. Cleavage
- Totipotent cells start to divide; more cells

IV. Gastrulations
- formation of germ layers (Ecto, Endo, Meso)
IV. Organogenesis
- formation of future organs

V. Differentiation and Growth

- cells starts to specialize, increase
in volume, and increase in numbers
 PLANT
PRODUCTION
Plant reproductive organ
 PLANT
LIFE CYCLE
Asexual Reproduction
in Plants by means of
Propagation
 Propagation
“the art and science of multiplying plants
by sexual or asexual means.”
DIVISION
– Most perennials profit by division (aka root division) as
they grow older. Division involves digging up a plant and moving
it to another already prepared site. Generally, fall flowering
perennials are divided in the spring, and summer flowering
plants in the fall.