■ grammar in context 1 ■ H M M
Past simple, past continuous and past perfect
1 Match the halves to make sentences.
1 M a tt was rid in g his un icycle ...
2 Josefina m issed h e r s to p ...
3 Had he s poken to frie n d s ...
4 W hile Tony was lo o k in g fo r th e tickets, ...
5 W hen I hea rd th e p h o n e rin g ...
6 The sun was s h in in g y esterday ...
7 They c a u g h t a p la n e h o m e ...
8 Had you p la n n e d fo r m o n th s ...
a as soon as th e y heard th e news,
b I answ ered it.
c b e fo re you w e n t on th e trip ?
d w h e n he had an accident,
e because she had fa lle n asleep on th e tra in ,
f I was lo o kin g fo r o u r passports,
g so I w e n t s k a te b o a rd in g in th e park,
h b e fo re he w e n t on th e to u r?
2 Choose the correct alternative.
1 D id vou already learn/H ad you already learnt to ride
a unicycle b e fo re you left/w ere leaving school?
2 The roads w ere/had been d a n g e ro u s because it
had snowed/snowed th e n ig h t befo re .
3 She never visited/had never visited A ustralia b e fo re
so she was fe e lin g /ha d fe lt nervous.
4 They stopped/w ere sto p p ing h im fro m g e ttin g
on th e p la n e because he had lost/lost his
b o a rd in g pass.
5 He w a sn 't/ha dn't been tire d because he'd h a d /
he was having a g o o d sleep th e n ig h t befo re .
6 He found/was fin ding th e a eoc ach e w h ile he
clim bed/w as clim b in g a tree.
3 Put the words in order to make sentences.
1 firs t / years / The / he / tim e / u n ic yc lin g / he / o ld /
1 4 / trie d / was / .
2 on / h a d n 't / He / to u r / a / he / th e / rid d e n /
b e fo re / un icycle / w e n t / .
3 b o o k / I / tra in / f o r /W h ile / w a itin g / th e / I / read /
m y / was / .
4 sw itched / th e / W hen / th e y / on / heard / th e /
th e y / news / TV / .
5 th e / sta tio n / le ft / alrea dy / th e / tim e / By / he /
th e / had / tra in / g o t / to / .
6 s le e p in g / was / As / te n t / d o g / a / his / he /
o u ts id e / d a n g e ro u s / was / .
Unit 2
H H M H H B
4 Complete the sentences with the past
simple, past continuous or past perfect form ol
the verbs given.
1 W hen he .................... (b e g in ) his jo u rn e
he ........ (n e ve r be) o u ts id e Europ
...... 2 As she ............... (g e t on ) th e tra in , sh<
(see) h e r lu g g a g e on th e
...... p la tfo rm .
3 W hile Ed .................... (travel), he
(p o st) vide os o n his vlog
......
every day.
......
4 By th e tim e th e y ...................................(la n d ) in N<
York, th e y ............... ...................... (w atch) th re e film
5 S h e .......................... ...........(n o t have) a te n t becau
s h e ........................... .......... (le n d ) it to h e r b est frie r
th e w eek befo re .
Grammar challenge
5 Complete the article with the words in
the box.
as * been • can * d e cid e d * film e d • fo r •
had * has * have * in • is * was
Social media - Instagram® in particular -
(a) an increasingly im portant role
(b) ......................influencing where we go on
holiday and what we see and do when we travel.
This Is good news for the travel industry, for sure,
but it creates overtourism around the world. A fter
Justin Bieber (c)......................... a music video in
a canyon in Iceland, the location received twice
(d) .........many visitors as usual, so Iceland's
Environmental A gency (e) ........................ to close
it for months. Daffodil Hill, in Volcano, California, is
fam ous for its fields o f yellow and white daffodils
and it makes a great profile picture. The Ryan family,
who own It, ( f) ....... shared their beautiful
flowers with the public for free (g )....................
over 80 years. However, in early July 2019, they
(h ) ........ to close it, when one day
thousands of visitors queued for hours to park their
cars. The volume o f visitors had (i)...................
too high and they needed space to safely
accom m odate everyone.
So, what is the solution? Many experts say the
real problem (j) ..................... the geotag feature
on Instagram, which shows the site o f the photo
on a map. When a particular photo goes viral, it
(k) result in thousands o f people
showing up exactly where it (I) taken,
all wanting a selfie with the same view. So, next time
you go on a trip, geotag a place tha t needs visitors!
Grammar in context 2 .......
used to / would 4 Rewrite the sentences using the words
1 lit Look at these sentences and decide if we can given. Do not change the meaning.
use the past simple, used to or would. Choose the 1 W hen Rachel was a tee nag er, she played a lo t o f
correct alternative(s). For two sentences, all three s p o rt, (used)
options are correct. R a ch e l.............................................................................a
1 W hen we w ere v o u n a . we w ou ld stav/used to stay/ o f s p o rt w h en she was a tee nag er.
staved at th e sam e h o te l every year. 2 Ed s p e n t h o u rs rid in g a unicycle w h en he was a
2 Karl w ou ld o fte n cvcle/often used to cvcle/often teen age r, (w o u ld )
cycled to school. E d ............................................................................ rid in g
3 W here w ou ld you llve/d id vou use to llve/did you live a unicycle w h e n he was a te e n a g e r
b e fo re you m oved here? 3 A t 12, he was really shy, b u t now he is o u tg o in g ,
4 I w ou ld never like/never used to like/never liked (d id n 't)
ta k in g th e bus to school. He ...........................................................................
5 W ould vou have/D id vou use to have /D id vou have as o u tg o in g as he is now.
cu rly hair w he n you w ere a ch ild ? 4 He still feels stra n g e g o in g to w o rk by m o to rb ik e ,
6 T here d id n 't use to b e /w e re n 't/w o u ld n 't be so m a ny (used)
cyclists in th e park before. He still ............................................................................
to w o rk by m o to rb ike .
be used to 5 It's less c o m m o n fo r p e o p le to w rite letters
now adays, (w ritin g )
2 Complete these sentences with be used to to
say if things are familiar (y ) or not familiar (x). P e o p le .............................................................................
lette rs now adays.
1 I.... uSe^ ° ................(chang e) tra in s so m any
tim e s. X 6 T here w a sn 't a tra in sta tio n in m y v illa g e b efore, (b

2 He travels a lo t so h e .................................................. T h e re .............................................................................

(have) delays an d w a itin g a ro u n d . V a tra in sta tio n in m y villa g e before.

3 ................................................... (you g e t u p ) at seven in 7 Flying is n o rm a l fo r he r now. (used)

th e m o rn in g ? It's n o t th a t bad! X S h e .............................................................................now.
4 She .............................................. (go) to school by
cab le car. V
Grammar challenge
5 She's b een here fo r a year, b u t she still
5 Complete the text. Write one word in
each gap.
(live) in France. X
6 T h e y ................................................... (b o o k ) flig h ts so it Family Education
d o e s n 't take th e m lo n g . V
Travel unplugged!
3 ☆☆ Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
In a recent post on her travel blog, Travelgal Nicole,
1 W hen we w ere you n g er, m y b ro th e r and I used to American Nicole LaBarge writes about travelling twenty
g e ttin g on really well. years ago and compares it to today. Two decades ago,
she (a) to plan her trips through a
travel agent. She (b) use to do much
2 As a y o u n g ch ild , I w o u ld live in m a n y d iffe re n t
research on where she (c) going and
co un tries.
she (d) buy a guidebook, either. She
(e) used to using the Internet back then,
3 U ntil th e 1950s, p e o p le w o u ld n 't ow n a car in When she arrived at a new city she (f)
A m erica. Immediately look for a post office to buy stamps for her
postcards. When she arrived for the first time In Paris, she
4 A t th e age o f 16, he used to w in a prize fo r his travel (g) planned anything in detail. Of course,
d o c u m e n ta ry. she (h) heard of the Eiffel Tower, but
she enjoyed getting lost in the city and discovering new
places. She met many friends in hostels because people
5 I never w o u ld like h aving s h o rt ha ir w h e n I was little . would hang out together and swap stories. She thinks
travellers (i) too
6 D id yo u used to g e t on th e bus a t th e s to p o u ts id e busy posting their travel
school? experiences on their smartphones
(j) talk to
each other nowadays!
7 He's still g e ttin g used to e d it his vlo g on his new
co m p u te r.

6 Unit 2