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2022 1학기 기말고사 백석고1 내신대비 Ebs 수능특강라이트 10강
2022 1학기 기말고사 백석고1 내신대비 Ebs 수능특강라이트 10강
백석고 1 내신준비
EBS 수능특강 라이트
10 강
Gateway
Why does the “pure” acting of the movies not seem unnatural to the audience, who, after all, are accustomed in real
life to people whose expression is more or less indistinct? Most people’s perception in these matters is not very
sharp. They are not in the habit of observing closely the play of features of their fellow men — either in real life or
at the movies. They are (A) [disappointed / satisfied] with grasping the meaning of what they see. Thus, they often
take in the overemphasized expression of film actors more easily than any that is too naturalistic. And as far as lovers
of art are concerned, they do not look at the movies for imitations of nature but for art. They know that (B)
[artistic / real] representation is always explaining, refining, and making clear the object depicted. Things that in real
life are imperfectly realized, merely hinted at, and entangled with other things appear in a work of art complete,
entire, and (C) [free / inseparable] from irrelevant matters. This is also true of acting in film.
* entangle: 얽히게 하다
어쨌든 실제 현실에서는 표현이 다소 불분명한 사람들에 익숙한 관객들에게 왜 영화의 ‘순전한’ 연기가 부자연스럽게
보이지 않는가? 이러한 문제에 대한 대부분의 사람들의 인식은 그다지 날카롭지 않다. 그들은 실제 삶에서든 영화에서든
다른 사람의 이목구비의 움직임을 자세히 관찰하는 습관을 지니고 있지 않다. 그들은 자신들이 보는 것의 의미를
이해하는 것으로 만족해한다. 따라서 그들은 너무 자연스러운(사실적인) 그 어떤 것보다 영화배우들의 지나치게 강조된
표현을 흔히 더 쉽게 받아들인다. 그리고 예술 애호가들에 관한 한, 그들은 영화에서 현실의 모방을 찾는 것이 아니라
예술을 찾는다. 그들은 예술적 표현이 항상 묘사되는 사물을 설명하고, 다듬고, 명확하게 만들고 있다는 것을 안다.
현실에서는 불완전하게 인식되고, 그저 암시되기만 하며, 다른 것들과 얽힌 것들이 예술 작품에서는 완전하고, 온전하며,
무관한 문제들로부터 자유로운 것처럼 보인다. 영화의 연기도 그러하다.
1.
take-it-or-leave-it offer, they can’t (A) [dismiss / tolerate] the thought of losing face by returning to the table. You
may argue that it’s important to display toughness and resolve to the other side. However, earning a reputation for
being tough doesn’t serve you well at the negotiation table. Indeed, a reputation as a tough negotiator leads to a
number of highly (B) [desirable / undesirable] outcomes — for example, counterparties will treat you with greater
suspicion and act much tougher than they normally would. In an investigation of how bargaining reputation affects
how others treat you, Cathy Tinsley found that “tough guys finish last,” meaning that people negotiate more (C)
* hubris: 자만
나는 자만의 결점이 있는 여러 협상가를 알아 왔다. 그들은 흔히 제 무덤을 파곤 하는데, 이는 그들이 일단 교섭의 여지가
없는 제의를 하고 나면, (협상) 테이블로 돌아감으로써 체면을 구긴다는 생각을 용인할 수 없기 때문이다. 여러분은
상대방에게 강인함과 결의를 보여 주는 것이 중요하다고 주장할 수도 있다. 하지만 강경하다는 평판을 얻는 것이 협상
테이블에서 여러분에게 도움이 되는 것은 아니다. 사실 강경한 협상가로서의 명성은 많은 매우 바람직하지 않은 결과를
낳는데, 예를 들어 상대방이 보통 하게 될 것보다 더 많이 의심하면서 여러분을 대하고, 훨씬 더 강경하게 행동할 것이다.
교섭 평판이 남들이 여러분을 대하는 방식에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구에서, Cathy Tinsley 는 ‘강경한 사람이
꼴찌이다.’라는 것을 알아냈는데, 이는 사람들이 강경하다는 평판이 있는 사람들과 더 공격적으로 협상한다는 것을
의미한다.
2.
in cities in developing countries. It requires relatively basic skills and small amounts of capital, and provides the
vendor’s families with a reasonable income. It also provides food (B) [competition / security] to the urban poor, who
may not have the assets to prepare their own meal. It has been estimated that in India alone, there are more than 10
million street vendors, and some studies say they constitute around 2 percent of the population of the major
metropolises. In developed countries, food carts and trucks can be a (C) [barrier / gateway] for trained chefs who do
길거리 음식의 판매는 개발도상국의 도시에서 가난한 사람들과 그렇지 않으면 실직 상태인 사람들을 위한 자영업의
널리 퍼진 형태이다. 그것은 비교적 기본적인 기술과 적은 금액의 자본을 필요로 하며, 노점 상인들의 가족들에게 상당히
괜찮은 수입을 제공한다. 그것은 또한 도시의 가난한 사람들에게 음식의 안정성을 제공하는데, 그 사람들은 자신들의
식사를 준비할 자산을 가지고 있지 않을 수 있다. 인도에만 1 천만 이상의 거리 노점 상인이 있는 것으로 추산되어
왔으며 몇몇 연구들은 그들이 주요 대도시 인구의 대략 2%를 구성한다고 말한다. 선진국에서, 음식 손수레와 트럭은
건물로 존재하는 음식점을 시작할 자원이 없는 훈련된 요리사들을 위한 관문이 될 수 있다.
childcare. In many preindustrial societies, parents ① receive even more help when they have too many children to
raise. Foster care of young, or temporary adoption, is a common solution for families in preindustrial societies who
have too many children. Fostering differs from adoption in that the bond between biological parents and children is
not ② terminated. The child goes to its foster parents after weaning, but can return to its biological parents at any
time if the arrangement doesn’t work out. Biological parents ③ continue to interact with children they have fostered
out and remain concerned about them, but allow another family to raise them. In this way, children do not lose their
biological parents and are raised by individuals who are ④ better able to care for them. Permanent adoption, with a
4.
Yet we know that knowledge evolves over time and is ① dependent on the moment in history and the cultural
reference point of the society that accepts it. Thinking critically involves ② more than just acquiring new information
in order to determine which facts are true and which false. It also involves determining the social, historical, and
political meaning given to those facts. This determination includes ③ assessing the investment various groups may
have in furthering or challenging those meanings in any particular historical moment. For example, there was a time
when it was not widely understood that the Earth is round. Common sense might tell us that it is flat, and anyone
looking out over a vast landscape would have this sense ④ rejected. Yet when scientific reasoning and more
accurate technological methods for measuring the Earth emerged, the knowledge or “fact” that the Earth is flat was
⑤ rewritten.
주류 사회의 사라지지 않는 근거 없는 믿음 중 하나는 우리가 학교에서 공부하는 지식이 사실에 기반을 두었고
중립적이라는 것이다. 그러나, 우리는 지식이 시간이 지나면서 진화한다는 것과 역사 속 순간과 그것을 받아들이는
사회의 문화적 기준에 의존하고 있다는 것을 알고 있다. 비판적으로 사고하는 것은 어떤 사실이 진실이고 어떤 사실이
거짓인지 알아내기 위해 새로운 정보를 받아들이기만 하는 것 이상을 포함한다. 그것은 또한 그 사실들에 부여되는
사회적, 역사적, 정치적 의미를 알아내는 것을 포함한다. 이렇게 알아내는 것은 여러 집단이 어떤 특정한 역사적 순간에
그 의미들을 발전시키거나 이의를 제기하는 데 투입할지 모르는 투자(시간과 노력 등)를 평가하는 것을 포함한다. 예를
들어, 지구가 둥글다는 것이 널리 이해되지 않았던 시기가 있었다. 상식은 우리에게 지구가 평평하다고 말해 줄지도
모르고, 광대한 풍경을 내다보는 사람은 누구라도 이 생각을 거부당하게(→ 확인받게) 될 것이었다. 그러나, 과학적
추론과 지구를 측정하기 위한 보다 정확한 기술적 방법이 등장하자, 지구가 평평하다는 지식 또는 ‘사실’은 다시
쓰여졌다.
영작연습 1
Gateway
어쨌든 실제 현실에서는 표현이 다소 불분명한 사람들에 익숙한 관객들에게 왜 영화의 ‘순전한’ 연기가 부자연스럽게 보이지
않는가?
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그들은 실제 삶에서든 영화에서든 다른 사람의 이목구비의 움직임을 자세히 관찰하는 습관을 지니고 있지 않다.
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그들은 예술적 표현이 항상 묘사되는 사물을 설명하고, 다듬고, 명확하게 만들고 있다는 것을 안다. 현실에서는 불완전하게
인식되고, 그저 암시되기만 하며, 다른 것들과 얽힌 것들이 예술 작품에서는 완전하고, 온전하며, 무관한 문제들로부터
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1.
나는 자만의 결점이 있는 여러 협상가를 알아 왔다. 그들은 흔히 제 무덤을 파곤 하는데, 이는 그들이 일단 교섭의 여지가
없는 제의를 하고 나면, (협상) 테이블로 돌아감으로써 체면을 구긴다는 생각을 용인할 수 없기 때문이다.
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교섭 평판이 남들이 여러분을 대하는 방식에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구에서, Cathy Tinsley 는 ‘강경한 사람이
의미한다.
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2.
길거리 음식의 판매는 개발도상국의 도시에서 가난한 사람들과 그렇지 않으면 실직 상태인 사람들을 위한 자영업의
널리 퍼진 형태이다.
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그것은 비교적 기본적인 기술과 적은 금액의 자본을 필요로 하며, 노점 상인들의 가족들에게 상당히 괜찮은 수입을
제공한다.
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그것은 또한 도시의 가난한 사람들에게 음식의 안정성을 제공하는데, 그 사람들은 자신들의 식사를 준비할 자산을
가지고 있지 않을 수 있다.
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인도에만 1 천만 이상의 거리 노점 상인이 있는 것으로 추산되어 왔으며 몇몇 연구들은 그들이 주요 대도시 인구의 대략
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선진국에서, 음식 손수레와 트럭은 건물로 존재하는 음식점을 시작할 자원이 없는 훈련된 요리사들을 위한 관문이 될 수
있다.
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3.
우리는 다른 공동체 구성원들이 부모들에게 육아와 관련된 도움을 주는 영장류 사회의 많은 예들을 보아왔다.
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아이들의 위탁 돌봄, 즉 일시적 입양은 산업화 이전의 사회에서 너무 많은 아이를 가진 가족들에게 흔한 해결책이다.
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아이는 젖을 떼고 양부모에게 가지만, 그 합의가 잘 진행되지 않으면 언제든지 친부모에게 돌아갈 수 있다.
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친부모들은 그들이 키워온 아이들과 계속 교류하고 여전히 그들을 걱정하지만, 다른 가족이 그들을 양육할 수 있도록
허락한다.
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4.
주류 사회의 사라지지 않는 근거 없는 믿음 중 하나는 우리가 학교에서 공부하는 지식이 사실에 기반을 두었고
중립적이라는 것이다.
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그러나, 우리는 지식이 시간이 지나면서 진화한다는 것과 역사 속 순간과 그것을 받아들이는 사회의 문화적 기준에
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비판적으로 사고하는 것은 어떤 사실이 진실이고 어떤 사실이 거짓인지 알아내기 위해 새로운 정보를 받아들이기만
하는 것 이상을 포함한다.
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그것은 또한 그 사실들에 부여되는 사회적, 역사적, 정치적 의미를 알아내는 것을 포함한다. 이렇게 알아내는 것은 여러
집단이 어떤 특정한 역사적 순간에 그 의미들을 발전시키거나 이의를 제기하는 데 투입할지 모르는 투자(시간과 노력
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상식은 우리에게 지구가 평평하다고 말해 줄지도 모르고, 광대한 풍경을 내다보는 사람은 누구라도 이 생각을
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그러나, 과학적 추론과 지구를 측정하기 위한 보다 정확한 기술적 방법이 등장하자, 지구가 평평하다는 지식 또는 ‘사실’
은 다시 쓰여졌다.
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영작연습 2
Gateway
어쨌든 실제 현실에서는 표현이 다소 불분명한 사람들에 익숙한 관객들에게 왜 영화의 ‘순전한’ 연기가 부자연스럽게 보이지
않는가?
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그들은 실제 삶에서든 영화에서든 다른 사람의 이목구비의 움직임을 자세히 관찰하는 습관을 지니고 있지 않다.
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그들은 예술적 표현이 항상 묘사되는 사물을 설명하고, 다듬고, 명확하게 만들고 있다는 것을 안다. 현실에서는 불완전하게
인식되고, 그저 암시되기만 하며, 다른 것들과 얽힌 것들이 예술 작품에서는 완전하고, 온전하며, 무관한 문제들로부터
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1.
나는 자만의 결점이 있는 여러 협상가를 알아 왔다. 그들은 흔히 제 무덤을 파곤 하는데, 이는 그들이 일단 교섭의 여지가
없는 제의를 하고 나면, (협상) 테이블로 돌아감으로써 체면을 구긴다는 생각을 용인할 수 없기 때문이다.
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교섭 평판이 남들이 여러분을 대하는 방식에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구에서, Cathy Tinsley 는 ‘강경한 사람이
의미한다.
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2.
길거리 음식의 판매는 개발도상국의 도시에서 가난한 사람들과 그렇지 않으면 실직 상태인 사람들을 위한 자영업의
널리 퍼진 형태이다.
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그것은 비교적 기본적인 기술과 적은 금액의 자본을 필요로 하며, 노점 상인들의 가족들에게 상당히 괜찮은 수입을
제공한다.
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그것은 또한 도시의 가난한 사람들에게 음식의 안정성을 제공하는데, 그 사람들은 자신들의 식사를 준비할 자산을
가지고 있지 않을 수 있다.
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인도에만 1 천만 이상의 거리 노점 상인이 있는 것으로 추산되어 왔으며 몇몇 연구들은 그들이 주요 대도시 인구의 대략
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
선진국에서, 음식 손수레와 트럭은 건물로 존재하는 음식점을 시작할 자원이 없는 훈련된 요리사들을 위한 관문이 될 수
있다.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
우리는 다른 공동체 구성원들이 부모들에게 육아와 관련된 도움을 주는 영장류 사회의 많은 예들을 보아왔다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
아이들의 위탁 돌봄, 즉 일시적 입양은 산업화 이전의 사회에서 너무 많은 아이를 가진 가족들에게 흔한 해결책이다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
아이는 젖을 떼고 양부모에게 가지만, 그 합의가 잘 진행되지 않으면 언제든지 친부모에게 돌아갈 수 있다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
친부모들은 그들이 키워온 아이들과 계속 교류하고 여전히 그들을 걱정하지만, 다른 가족이 그들을 양육할 수 있도록
허락한다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
주류 사회의 사라지지 않는 근거 없는 믿음 중 하나는 우리가 학교에서 공부하는 지식이 사실에 기반을 두었고
중립적이라는 것이다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그러나, 우리는 지식이 시간이 지나면서 진화한다는 것과 역사 속 순간과 그것을 받아들이는 사회의 문화적 기준에
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
비판적으로 사고하는 것은 어떤 사실이 진실이고 어떤 사실이 거짓인지 알아내기 위해 새로운 정보를 받아들이기만
하는 것 이상을 포함한다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그것은 또한 그 사실들에 부여되는 사회적, 역사적, 정치적 의미를 알아내는 것을 포함한다. 이렇게 알아내는 것은 여러
집단이 어떤 특정한 역사적 순간에 그 의미들을 발전시키거나 이의를 제기하는 데 투입할지 모르는 투자(시간과 노력
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
상식은 우리에게 지구가 평평하다고 말해 줄지도 모르고, 광대한 풍경을 내다보는 사람은 누구라도 이 생각을
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그러나, 과학적 추론과 지구를 측정하기 위한 보다 정확한 기술적 방법이 등장하자, 지구가 평평하다는 지식 또는 ‘사실’
은 다시 쓰여졌다.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
영작시험
Gateway
어쨌든 실제 현실에서는 표현이 다소 불분명한 사람들에 익숙한 관객들에게 왜 영화의 ‘순전한’ 연기가 부자연스럽게 보이지
않는가?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그들은 실제 삶에서든 영화에서든 다른 사람의 이목구비의 움직임을 자세히 관찰하는 습관을 지니고 있지 않다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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그들은 예술적 표현이 항상 묘사되는 사물을 설명하고, 다듬고, 명확하게 만들고 있다는 것을 안다. 현실에서는 불완전하게
인식되고, 그저 암시되기만 하며, 다른 것들과 얽힌 것들이 예술 작품에서는 완전하고, 온전하며, 무관한 문제들로부터
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.
나는 자만의 결점이 있는 여러 협상가를 알아 왔다. 그들은 흔히 제 무덤을 파곤 하는데, 이는 그들이 일단 교섭의 여지가
없는 제의를 하고 나면, (협상) 테이블로 돌아감으로써 체면을 구긴다는 생각을 용인할 수 없기 때문이다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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교섭 평판이 남들이 여러분을 대하는 방식에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구에서, Cathy Tinsley 는 ‘강경한 사람이
의미한다.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
길거리 음식의 판매는 개발도상국의 도시에서 가난한 사람들과 그렇지 않으면 실직 상태인 사람들을 위한 자영업의
널리 퍼진 형태이다.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그것은 비교적 기본적인 기술과 적은 금액의 자본을 필요로 하며, 노점 상인들의 가족들에게 상당히 괜찮은 수입을
제공한다.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그것은 또한 도시의 가난한 사람들에게 음식의 안정성을 제공하는데, 그 사람들은 자신들의 식사를 준비할 자산을
가지고 있지 않을 수 있다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
인도에만 1 천만 이상의 거리 노점 상인이 있는 것으로 추산되어 왔으며 몇몇 연구들은 그들이 주요 대도시 인구의 대략
2%를 구성한다고 말한다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
선진국에서, 음식 손수레와 트럭은 건물로 존재하는 음식점을 시작할 자원이 없는 훈련된 요리사들을 위한 관문이 될 수
있다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
우리는 다른 공동체 구성원들이 부모들에게 육아와 관련된 도움을 주는 영장류 사회의 많은 예들을 보아왔다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
아이들의 위탁 돌봄, 즉 일시적 입양은 산업화 이전의 사회에서 너무 많은 아이를 가진 가족들에게 흔한 해결책이다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
아이는 젖을 떼고 양부모에게 가지만, 그 합의가 잘 진행되지 않으면 언제든지 친부모에게 돌아갈 수 있다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
친부모들은 그들이 키워온 아이들과 계속 교류하고 여전히 그들을 걱정하지만, 다른 가족이 그들을 양육할 수 있도록
허락한다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
주류 사회의 사라지지 않는 근거 없는 믿음 중 하나는 우리가 학교에서 공부하는 지식이 사실에 기반을 두었고
중립적이라는 것이다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그러나, 우리는 지식이 시간이 지나면서 진화한다는 것과 역사 속 순간과 그것을 받아들이는 사회의 문화적 기준에
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
비판적으로 사고하는 것은 어떤 사실이 진실이고 어떤 사실이 거짓인지 알아내기 위해 새로운 정보를 받아들이기만
하는 것 이상을 포함한다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그것은 또한 그 사실들에 부여되는 사회적, 역사적, 정치적 의미를 알아내는 것을 포함한다. 이렇게 알아내는 것은 여러
집단이 어떤 특정한 역사적 순간에 그 의미들을 발전시키거나 이의를 제기하는 데 투입할지 모르는 투자(시간과 노력
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
상식은 우리에게 지구가 평평하다고 말해 줄지도 모르고, 광대한 풍경을 내다보는 사람은 누구라도 이 생각을
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
그러나, 과학적 추론과 지구를 측정하기 위한 보다 정확한 기술적 방법이 등장하자, 지구가 평평하다는 지식 또는 ‘사실’
은 다시 쓰여졌다.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
분석연습
Gateway
Why does the “pure” acting of the movies not seem unnatural to the audience, who, after all, are accustomed in real
life to people whose expression is more or less indistinct? Most people’s perception in these matters is not very
sharp. They are not in the habit of observing closely the play of features of their fellow men — either in real life or
at the movies. They are (A) [disappointed / satisfied] with grasping the meaning of what they see. Thus, they often
take in the overemphasized expression of film actors more easily than any that is too naturalistic. And as far as lovers
of art are concerned, they do not look at the movies for imitations of nature but for art. They know that (B)
[artistic / real] representation is always explaining, refining, and making clear the object depicted. Things that in real
life are imperfectly realized, merely hinted at, and entangled with other things appear in a work of art complete,
entire, and (C) [free / inseparable] from irrelevant matters. This is also true of acting in film.
1.
I have known several negotiators guilty of hubris. They often dig their own graves because once they have made a
take-it-or-leave-it offer, they can’t (A) [dismiss / tolerate] the thought of losing face by returning to the table. You
may argue that it’s important to display toughness and resolve to the other side. However, earning a reputation for
being tough doesn’t serve you well at the negotiation table. Indeed, a reputation as a tough negotiator leads to a
number of highly (B) [desirable / undesirable] outcomes — for example, counterparties will treat you with greater
suspicion and act much tougher than they normally would. In an investigation of how bargaining reputation affects
how others treat you, Cathy Tinsley found that “tough guys finish last,” meaning that people negotiate more (C)
The sale of street food is a (A) [rare / widespread] form of self-employment for the poor and otherwise unemployed
in cities in developing countries. It requires relatively basic skills and small amounts of capital, and provides the
vendor’s families with a reasonable income. It also provides food (B) [competition / security] to the urban poor, who
may not have the assets to prepare their own meal. It has been estimated that in India alone, there are more than 10
million street vendors, and some studies say they constitute around 2 percent of the population of the major
metropolises. In developed countries, food carts and trucks can be a (C) [barrier / gateway] for trained chefs who do
3.
We have seen many examples of primate societies in which other community members lend parents a hand with
childcare. In many preindustrial societies, parents ① receive even more help when they have too many children to
raise. Foster care of young, or temporary adoption, is a common solution for families in preindustrial societies who
have too many children. Fostering differs from adoption in that the bond between biological parents and children is
not ② terminated. The child goes to its foster parents after weaning, but can return to its biological parents at any
time if the arrangement doesn’t work out. Biological parents ③ continue to interact with children they have fostered
out and remain concerned about them, but allow another family to raise them. In this way, children do not lose their
biological parents and are raised by individuals who are ④ better able to care for them. Permanent adoption, with a
4.
One of the persistent myths of mainstream society is that the knowledge we study in schools is factual and neutral.
Yet we know that knowledge evolves over time and is ① dependent on the moment in history and the cultural
reference point of the society that accepts it. Thinking critically involves ② more than just acquiring new information
in order to determine which facts are true and which false. It also involves determining the social, historical, and
political meaning given to those facts. This determination includes ③ assessing the investment various groups may
have in furthering or challenging those meanings in any particular historical moment. For example, there was a time
when it was not widely understood that the Earth is round. Common sense might tell us that it is flat, and anyone
looking out over a vast landscape would have this sense ④ rejected. Yet when scientific reasoning and more
accurate technological methods for measuring the Earth emerged, the knowledge or “fact” that the Earth is flat was
⑤ rewritten.
분석시험연습
Gateway
Why does the “pure” acting of the movies not seem unnatural to the audience, who, after all, are accustomed in real
life to people whose expression is more or less indistinct? Most people’s perception in these matters is not very
sharp. They are not in the habit of observing closely the play of features of their fellow men — either in real life or
at the movies. They are (A) [disappointed / satisfied] with grasping the meaning of what they see. Thus, they often
take in the overemphasized expression of film actors more easily than any that is too naturalistic. And as far as lovers
of art are concerned, they do not look at the movies for imitations of nature but for art. They know that (B)
[artistic / real] representation is always explaining, refining, and making clear the object depicted. Things that in real
life are imperfectly realized, merely hinted at, and entangled with other things appear in a work of art complete,
entire, and (C) [free / inseparable] from irrelevant matters. This is also true of acting in film.
1.
I have known several negotiators guilty of hubris. They often dig their own graves because once they have made a
take-it-or-leave-it offer, they can’t (A) [dismiss / tolerate] the thought of losing face by returning to the table. You
may argue that it’s important to display toughness and resolve to the other side. However, earning a reputation for
being tough doesn’t serve you well at the negotiation table. Indeed, a reputation as a tough negotiator leads to a
number of highly (B) [desirable / undesirable] outcomes — for example, counterparties will treat you with greater
suspicion and act much tougher than they normally would. In an investigation of how bargaining reputation affects
how others treat you, Cathy Tinsley found that “tough guys finish last,” meaning that people negotiate more (C)
2.
The sale of street food is a (A) [rare / widespread] form of self-employment for the poor and otherwise unemployed
in cities in developing countries. It requires relatively basic skills and small amounts of capital, and provides the
vendor’s families with a reasonable income. It also provides food (B) [competition / security] to the urban poor, who
may not have the assets to prepare their own meal. It has been estimated that in India alone, there are more than 10
million street vendors, and some studies say they constitute around 2 percent of the population of the major
metropolises. In developed countries, food carts and trucks can be a (C) [barrier / gateway] for trained chefs who do
3.
We have seen many examples of primate societies in which other community members lend parents a hand with
childcare. In many preindustrial societies, parents ① receive even more help when they have too many children to
raise. Foster care of young, or temporary adoption, is a common solution for families in preindustrial societies who
have too many children. Fostering differs from adoption in that the bond between biological parents and children is
not ② terminated. The child goes to its foster parents after weaning, but can return to its biological parents at any
time if the arrangement doesn’t work out. Biological parents ③ continue to interact with children they have fostered
out and remain concerned about them, but allow another family to raise them. In this way, children do not lose their
biological parents and are raised by individuals who are ④ better able to care for them. Permanent adoption, with a
4.
One of the persistent myths of mainstream society is that the knowledge we study in schools is factual and neutral.
Yet we know that knowledge evolves over time and is ① dependent on the moment in history and the cultural
reference point of the society that accepts it. Thinking critically involves ② more than just acquiring new information
in order to determine which facts are true and which false. It also involves determining the social, historical, and
political meaning given to those facts. This determination includes ③ assessing the investment various groups may
have in furthering or challenging those meanings in any particular historical moment. For example, there was a time
when it was not widely understood that the Earth is round. Common sense might tell us that it is flat, and anyone
looking out over a vast landscape would have this sense ④ rejected. Yet when scientific reasoning and more
accurate technological methods for measuring the Earth emerged, the knowledge or “fact” that the Earth is flat was
⑤ rewritten.
분석시험
Gateway
Why does the “pure” acting of the movies not seem unnatural to the audience, who, after all, are accustomed in real
life to people whose expression is more or less indistinct? Most people’s perception in these matters is not very
sharp. They are not in the habit of observing closely the play of features of their fellow men — either in real life or
at the movies. They are (A) [disappointed / satisfied] with grasping the meaning of what they see. Thus, they often
take in the overemphasized expression of film actors more easily than any that is too naturalistic. And as far as lovers
of art are concerned, they do not look at the movies for imitations of nature but for art. They know that (B)
[artistic / real] representation is always explaining, refining, and making clear the object depicted. Things that in real
life are imperfectly realized, merely hinted at, and entangled with other things appear in a work of art complete,
entire, and (C) [free / inseparable] from irrelevant matters. This is also true of acting in film.
1.
I have known several negotiators guilty of hubris. They often dig their own graves because once they have made a
take-it-or-leave-it offer, they can’t (A) [dismiss / tolerate] the thought of losing face by returning to the table. You
may argue that it’s important to display toughness and resolve to the other side. However, earning a reputation for
being tough doesn’t serve you well at the negotiation table. Indeed, a reputation as a tough negotiator leads to a
number of highly (B) [desirable / undesirable] outcomes — for example, counterparties will treat you with greater
suspicion and act much tougher than they normally would. In an investigation of how bargaining reputation affects
how others treat you, Cathy Tinsley found that “tough guys finish last,” meaning that people negotiate more (C)
2.
The sale of street food is a (A) [rare / widespread] form of self-employment for the poor and otherwise unemployed
in cities in developing countries. It requires relatively basic skills and small amounts of capital, and provides the
vendor’s families with a reasonable income. It also provides food (B) [competition / security] to the urban poor, who
may not have the assets to prepare their own meal. It has been estimated that in India alone, there are more than 10
million street vendors, and some studies say they constitute around 2 percent of the population of the major
metropolises. In developed countries, food carts and trucks can be a (C) [barrier / gateway] for trained chefs who do
3.
We have seen many examples of primate societies in which other community members lend parents a hand with
childcare. In many preindustrial societies, parents ① receive even more help when they have too many children to
raise. Foster care of young, or temporary adoption, is a common solution for families in preindustrial societies who
have too many children. Fostering differs from adoption in that the bond between biological parents and children is
not ② terminated. The child goes to its foster parents after weaning, but can return to its biological parents at any
time if the arrangement doesn’t work out. Biological parents ③ continue to interact with children they have fostered
out and remain concerned about them, but allow another family to raise them. In this way, children do not lose their
biological parents and are raised by individuals who are ④ better able to care for them. Permanent adoption, with a
4.
One of the persistent myths of mainstream society is that the knowledge we study in schools is factual and neutral.
Yet we know that knowledge evolves over time and is ① dependent on the moment in history and the cultural
reference point of the society that accepts it. Thinking critically involves ② more than just acquiring new information
in order to determine which facts are true and which false. It also involves determining the social, historical, and
political meaning given to those facts. This determination includes ③ assessing the investment various groups may
have in furthering or challenging those meanings in any particular historical moment. For example, there was a time
when it was not widely understood that the Earth is round. Common sense might tell us that it is flat, and anyone
looking out over a vast landscape would have this sense ④ rejected. Yet when scientific reasoning and more
accurate technological methods for measuring the Earth emerged, the knowledge or “fact” that the Earth is flat was
⑤ rewritten.