 z';fGt axfb'/ P;=s]

g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmdsf] ;+lIfKt ?k/]vf

!= kl/ro
@= ;+ljwfgsf] kl/efiff
#= ;+ljwfgsf ;|f]tx?
$= g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmd
I. g]kfn ;/sf/ a}wflgs sfg"g, @))$
II. g]kfnsf] cGtl/s zf;g ljwfg, @))&
III. g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!%
IV. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!(
V. g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$&
VI. g]kfnsf] cGt/Ld ;+ljwfg, @)^#
VII. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, -@)&@_
%= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|d'v ljz]iftfx?
^= ;+ljwfgjfb
&= df}lns xs, st{Jo / ;+j}wflgs pkrf/
*= ;+j}wflgs c+ux?
(= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf cfwf/e't dfGotf / k|lqmof
!)= g]kfndf sfg"g lgdf{0f k|lqmof
!!= ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLrsf] clwsf/ / cGt/;DaGw
!=kl/ro -Introduction)
g]kfnsf] k/Dk/fut ?kdf wd{zf:qsf] cfwf/df zf;g Joj:yf ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] lyof] . uf]kfn, dlxifkfn, ls/ft, lnR5jL,
dNnsfn / zfxj+zL /fhfx?n] g]kfndf zf;g ul/ cfPsf lyP . Oltxf;df uf]kfn j+z / dlxif j+zsf] zf;gsf] k"0f{?kdf hfgsf/L
gkfOPtf klg ls/ftsfndf d'Gb'dsf] cfwf/df zf;g rnfPsf] kfOG5 . lnR5jL sfndf wd{ zf:q, gLltzf:q, rf0fSo gLltsf] cfwf/df
zf;g Joj:yf rNb} cfPsf]df hol:ylt dNnn] /fHo Joj:yf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu dfgj Gofozf:q sf] lgdf{0f u/], /fd zfx uf]/vfsf
/fhf ePkl5 laleGg ;'wf/x? u/] . cfb]z, ;gb, ;jfnx? g} sfg'gsf] ?kdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . /fHo Joj:yf ;+rfngsf cfwf/x? lxGb'
RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322
wd{zf:qdf cfwfl/t Gofo tyf zf;g k|0ffnL /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] kf}/fl0fs sfn, k|frLg sfn dWosfn / cfw'lgs sfn v08df /fhf
dxf/fhfx?sf sfg'gsf ;|f]tx? wd{zf:qx? g} lyP .
g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] z'?jft;+u} zfxj+zsf] zf;gdf /fhsfh ;+rfng x'g yfn]kl5 b/jfl/ofx?sf] zltm ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd :j?k
/f0ff zf;gsf] z'?jft la=;+= !()# ;fndf h+u axfb'/ /f0ffn] u/] . la=;+= !(!) df g]kfnsf] zf;g Joj:yf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu d'n'sL
P]g ;d]t hf/L u/L g]kfne/ nfu' u/fpg] sfo{af6 sfg'gsf] zf;gsf] z'?jft ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . /f0ffx?sf] !)$ aif{;Dd lg/+s
'ztfaf6 b]zdf cfs|fGt eO{/x]sf] ;dodf ef/tdf ePsf] :jfwLgtfsf] cfGbf]ng :j?k hgtfdf cfPsf] r]tgfsf] hfu/0f, /f0ffx?sf] cfk;L
cGt{snx, cGt{/fli6«o kl/j]z cfbL sf/0faf6 g]kfnL hgtf ;+ul7t x'b} /f0ff zf;gsf] la?4 cfGbf]ng pTsz{lt/ hfb} ubf{ s|flGtsf]
cfj]unfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu kbd zDz]/n] lj=;+= @))$ ;fn -!^ d] !($&_ hg k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/ ljwflosfsf] u7g ug]{ 3f]if0ff
ul/ @))$ ;fn df3 # -!($* hgj/L !^ _ tTsflng kl/j]zdf a}wflgs ?kdf klxnf] ;+j}wflgs b:tfj]hsf] ?kdf hf/L ePsf] lyof] .
To;k5L g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmd lj=;+= @))&, g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)!%, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)!(, g]kfn
clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$&, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+lawfg @)^#, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ .
;fdfGoto ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmd tLg tl/sfn] cufl8 a9\g] ub{5 . klxnf] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f u/]/, bf];|f] ;+ljwfg ;+;f]wg
u/]/ / t];|f] ;+j}wflgs jf Goflos AofVof4f/f . oL tLg tl/sfdWo] Ps eGbf a9L tl/sf Ps} k6s k|of]u ug{ ;lsb}g . vf; ul/ ljsl;t
d'n'sx?n] klxnf] eGbf bf];|f] / t];|f] ljsNk a9L cg';/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf eg] xfn ;Ddsf ;ft j6} ;+ljwfg klxnf] tl/sfaf6
ag]sf x'g .

@= ;+lawfgsf] kl/efiff
;+ljwfg g]kfnL zAb xf], h;sf] c+u|]hL zAb Constitution xf], h'g Nofl6g efiffsf] slG:66\o'/] -Constituere_ af6 cfPsf] xf] .
h;sf] cy{ x'G5, :yfkgf ug'{ -To establish_ . zAb pTkltsf b[li6af6 x]bf{ ;+ljwfg eg]sf] ;/sf/sf] :yfkgfsf] cfwf/ xf] . o;sf]
:yfkgf ;+j}wflgs clwj]zgsf] dfWodaf6 jf qmlds ljsf;af6 x'g] ub{5 . ;+;f/sf clwsf+z d'n'sx?df klxnf] cfwf/df / la|6]g,
Oh/fon, Go"lhNof08df dfq bf];|f] k|lqmofaf6 ag]sf 5g . cyjf hxfF lnlvt ;+ljwfg 5}g lt b]zx?df ;+ljwfg qmlds ljsf;af6
ag]sf] kfOG5 .
;+ljwfg zf;g ;+rfng ug]{ dfu{bz{s b:tfj]h xf] . ;+ljwfg s'g} klg d'n'ssf] ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ xf] . gful/sx?sf] ljZjf;sf] lnvt xf]
. ;+s'lrt cy{df ;+ljwfg eg]sf] sfg"g;Ddt lgodx?sf] ;+ufnf] xf] . Jofks cy{df sfg"g;Ddt / c;Ddt -Legal and
nonlegal _ lgodx?sf] ;+ufnf] jf k|0ffln xf] .
;+ljwfgdf /fi6«, hgtf, /fli6«otf, gful/stf, df}lns xs, /fi6«k|d'v, ;/sf/ k|d'v, ;+;b, Gofokflnsf, :jtGq ;+j}wflgs c+ux?,
;+qmd0fsflng Joj:yfx?, /fHosf gLlt tyf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? cfbL cfbL sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;+ljwfgnfO{ cIf/df xf]Og,
efjdf c+lusf/ ug{'kb{5 eGg] dt kfOG5 .
Prof. K.C. Where sfg';f/ æ;+ljwfg b]zsf] ;Dk''0f{ zf;g k|0fnL ;+rfng ug{nfO{ hDdf ul/Psf] lgod xf], h;n] ;/sf/sf]
:yfkgf, ;+rfng / ;/sf/nfO{ g} zfl;t ub{5 .Æ

Thomas Pains sf cg';f/ æ;+ljwfg ;/sf/sf] sfo{ xf]Og t/ hgtfn] ;/sf/ agfpFb5g / ;/sf/ ;+ljwfgs} pkh xf] .Æ

pN;]sf] cg';f/ æ;+ljwfg lt l;2fGtx?sf] ;+u|x xf], h;sfg';f/ ;/sf/sf zlQmx?, zflift -hgtf_ sf clwsf/x? tyf lt b'O{sf
aLrsf] ;DaGwsf]] ;dGjo ul/Psf] x''G5 .Æ

;du|df ;+ljwfg eg]sf]

s= b]zsf] d'n sfg"g xf] .

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

 v= ;/sf/sf] nflu lgb]{lzsf xf] .
u= /fHo ;+rfng ug]{ ;xdltsf] b:tfj]h xf] .
3= ;/sf/nfO{ zlQm k|bfg ug]{ / zlQmdfly lgoGq0f nufpg] sfg"gL xltof/ xf] .
ª= /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8sf] b:tfj]h xf] .
r= gful/s xs clwsf/sf] a8fkq xf] .
5= /fHo / gful/saLrsf] ;DaGwsf] lgwf{/0f jf kl/efifLt ul/Psf] b:tfj]h xf] .
cyjf,
s= /fHosf ljleGg c+ux?sf] l;h{gf ub{5 .
v= ltgLx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
u= ;f] k|of]u ug]{ tf}/tl/sf, sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0f ub{5 .

;+ljwfgsf k|sf/
o lnlvt / clnlvt ;+ljwfg
o s7f]/ / g/d ;+ljwfg M a]nfot, k|mfG;, Sofg]l8g g/d ;+ljwfg
o ;+3fTds / PsfTds ;+ljwfg
o zlQmk[ysLs/0f / s]lGb|s[t ;+ljwfg
o ;+;bLo / /fi6«klto ;+ljwfg M hgtfsf] 5f]/f 5f]/L /fi6«klt x'g] / sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L agfPsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{
/fi6«klto ;+ljwfg elgG5 . h:t} cd]l/sf, k|mfG;, hd{gL, >Ln+sf cfbL . eg] hxfF ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ;+ljwfg x'G5 To;nfO{
;+;bLo ;+ljwfg elgG5 . h:t} ef/t, g]kfn, hfkfg cfbL .
o /fhtGqfTds / lg/+s'ztGqfTds ;+ljwfg M wd{, ;+:s[lt tyf k'/ftg ;f]r / zlQmsf cf8df zf;g ug]{ ;+ ljwfg /fhtGqfTds
;+ljwfg xf] . a]nfot, hfkfg, ;fpbL, nufot @& d'n'sx? o; cGtu{t kb{5g . eg] ;}lgs zf;gsf cfwf/df ;]gf, /fhf jf
JoflQmn] zf;g ug]{ u/L agOPsf] ;+ljwfg lg/+s'ztGqfTds ;+ljwfg xf] . adf{, pQ/ sf]l/of, O/fg cfbL .

#= ;+ljwfgsf ;|f]tx?
o hgtfsf] hgfb]z M– hgtf g} ;+ljwfgsf lgdf{tf x'g . ;dy{g, lj/f]w, cfGbf]ng, ljb|f]x,qmflGt jf dtbfg u/]/
o sfg"gx? M– cl3Nnf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+;bn] agfPsf ljeGg P]g, sfg"gx? h:t} Joj:yflksf P]g, @)&), ;+ljwfg;ef Pg],
@)&) cfbL .
o l4tLo ljwfog / c? lgodx? M– ;+j}wflgs sfg"gsf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf ;+;bn] agfPsf P]g, sfg"g afx]s P]gsf] p2]Zo k"tL{sf
nflu agfOPsf lgod, ljlgod, u7g cfb]z, ;"rgf,lgb]{lzsf cfbL .
o Goflos lg0f{o M– sfg"gsf] JofVof cbfntn] ug]{ sfd .
o k|yf k/Dk/f M– ;dfhdf rlncfPsf wd{, ;+:sf/, ;:s[tL, d'No dfGotf, l/ltl/jfh cfbL .

o cflwsf/Ls k':tsx? M– AV Dicy, Hood Philips, Ivor Jennigs cfbL 4f/f lnlvt k':tsx? .
o cGt/f{li6«o ;GwL ;Demf}tfx? M g]kfn kIf /fi6 ePsf ;Dk'0f{ ;lGw ;Demf}tfx? ;+ljwfgsf ;|f ]t x'g . ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf]
bkmf -*_, -(_ .

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

$= g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmd
s= g]kfn ;/sf/ j}wflgs sfg"g, @))$ (Government of Nepa Act, 1948)

 @))$ ;fn df >L # kB+zDz]/ hj/faf6 hf/L ePsf] ;+ljwfg @))% ;fn a}zfv ! ut]b]lv qmdz ;f] jif{e/Ldf nfu' e} ;Sg]
egLPsf] lyof] . t/ nfu' x'g ;s]g .
 ^ efu, ^* wf/f / ! cg';"rL
 sfo{sf/0fL clwsf/ M pQm ;+ljwfgdf sfo{sf/0fL clwsf/ >L % / >L # df ;+o'Qm /xg] elgPtf klg >L # df dfq lglxt /xof] .
 of] ;+ljwfg sf] d:of}bf ;ldltsf] cWoIf >L k|sfz u'Ktf /x]sf lyP .
 Jojyfks ;ef -Joj:yflksf ;ef_ M >L #, /fi6;ef / ef/bf/L ;ef af6 Joj:yflksf aGg] pNn]v lyof] . /fi6;efdf #@ lhNnfsf
k|wfg k~r, pkTosfsf #, la/u~h gu/k~rfotsf k|wfgk~r, dgf]lgt ul/ hDdf ^) b]lv &) hgf ;b:o / ef/bf/L ;efdf
ljleGg If]qsf lj1af6 @) b]lv #) hgf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf lyof] . /fi6;ef / ef/bf/L ;ef af6 kfl/t d:of}bf >L # af6 v8\u
lg;fg 5fk nfu]kl5 P]g aGbYof] .
 df}lns xssf] Joj:yf M JoflQmut :jtGqtf, jfs :jtGqtf, k|sfz;g :jtGqtf, clgjfo{ lgMz'Ns k|f/lDes lzIffsf] :jtGqtf,
dlxnf k"?if b'j}nfO{ dtbfg ug]{ xs, ;Dkltsf] ;+/If0f cfbL
 Gofo ;DaGwL Joj:yf M Gofo ;DaGwL clGtd clwsf/ >L # df lglxt lyof] . z'? d'2fx? u|fd k+rfot clkn cbfntn] x]g]{
Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . ck/em6 cj:yfdf ljz]if cbfnt >L # af6 Joj:yfks ;ef ;b:o af6 !# hgf ;Dd / cGo @ hgf
;b:o /x]sf] Goflwsf/L ;ldlt u7g ug]{ Joj:yf lyof], GofofwLz / cbfntsf sd{rf/LnfO{ jft gnfuf]; egL arfp ug]{, dfkmL,
ldgfx >L # n] lbg], k|rng a;fOof] .
 df]xgzDz]/ >L # dxf/fh k|wfgdGqL ag]kl5 a}wflgs sfg"gnfO{ /l2sf] 6f]s/Ldf xfn] / nfu' ePg .

v= g]kfn cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg, @))& (Interim Constitution of Nepal, 1951)

 of] ;+ljwfg g]kfndf nfu' ePsf] cfwf/df klxnf] / ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmddf bf];|f] ;+ljwfg xf] . o;df & efu, &# wf/f / # cg';"lr
/x]sf] of] ;+ljwfg ^ k6s ;+zf]wg eof] .
 of] ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltsf] cWoIf df]xg zdz]/ /x]sf lyP .

 lbNnL ;Demf}tf cg';f/ /f0ffx?sf lj?4 rln/x]sf] ;z:q qmflGt @))& k'if @$ ut] :ylut ul/of] / /fhf lqe'jg ;kl/jf/ kmfu'g
$ ut] sf7df8f}+ lkmtf{ ePkl5 kmfNu'g & df df]xg zDz]/sf] k|wfgdGqLTjdf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] % hgf / /fhfsf] % hgf u/L !)
hgfsf] dGqLkl/ifb\n] u7g ul/of] .

 hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] ;+ljwfg lgd{0f gu?Gh]n cGtl/dsfnsf] nflu @))& ;fn r}q !& ut] dGqLkl/ifbaf6 kfl/t ul/ @))& ;fn
r}q @( ut] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg, nfu" ul/of] . h;sf] d'Vo ljz]iftfx? b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g M

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

 o /fhf, /f0ff / sf+u|];aLr ;Demf}tfsf] b:tfj]h,
o /fhfaf6 hf/L ePsf] ePsf] klxnf] ;+ljwfg,
o nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ff,
o df}lns xssf] Joj:yf,
o sfo{sf/L / Joj:yflklso clwsf/ /fhf / dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt M dGqLkl/ifb\sf] u7g / avf{:t ug]{ clwsf/ /fhfdf lgxLt
/xg] Joj:yf,
o :jtGq Gofofkflnsfsf] Joj:yf,
o :jtGq ;+j}wflgs c+ux?sf] Joj:yf M nf]s;]jf cfof]u, dxfn]vf lgoGq0f, dxfn]vf k/LIfs, lgjf{rg cfof]u cfbL .

u= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% (The Constituton of the Kingdom of Nepa, 1959)
 @))& ;fndf df]xgzDz]/sf] k|wfgdGqLTjdf ul7t /f0ff / sf+u]|;sf] ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ lju7g ePkl5 @))* ;fndf dft[sf k|;fb
sf]O/fnfsf] k|wfgdGqLTjdf g]kfnL sf+u|;sf] Psnf}l6 ;/sf/ aGof] .

 @))& ;fn b]lv @)!% ;fn;Dd /fhfaf6 u7g ePsf k|hftgqsf] cEof;df /x]sf bnLo ;/sf/x?n] /fhfsf] ;Qf :jfy{nfO{ a'emL
;+ljwfg kl/ifb -;ef_ sf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu e'ldsf v]Ng g;Sbf /fhfn] Pskl5 csf{] ub{} ;Dk'0f{{ zf;gflwsf/ cfkm"df s]Gb|Lt u/L
df3 !(, @)!$ ;fndf cfufld & kmfNu'g, @)!% ;fndf ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg x'g]5 egL 3f]if0ff u/] .

 /fhf lqe"jgn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;+ljwfg kl/ifbsf] lgjf{rg nTofO{ /fhf dx]Gb|n] @)!$ ;fn r}q ! ut] eujltk|;fb l;+xsf]
cWoIftfdf Pp6f ;+ljwfg d:of}bf cfof]u u7g u/] . pQm ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;Nnfx / ;xof]u ug{ egL /fhf dx]Gb|n] la|l6;
cfOj/h]lgª nfO{ cfdGq0f ul/of] .
 o; cfof]un] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfnfO{ /fhaf6 dGqLk/ifb\sf] /fo lnO{ @)!% ;fn kmfNu'g ! ut] g]kfn clw/fHosf]
;+ljwfg, @)!% hf/L ul/ wf/f &% / && tTsfn nfu' u/L kmfNu'g & ut]af6 ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof] / cGo wf/fx? qmdz
nfu' ul/Psf] lyof] .
 !) efu, && wf/f, ePsf] of] ;+ljwfgsf] d'Vo ljz]iftfx? lgDg /x]sf] 5g M
o ;+ljwfg b]zsf] d'n sfg"gsf] ?kdf,
o /fhtGq / k|hftGqsf] ;dGjo,
o sfo{sf/L clwsf/ /fhf / dGqLd08ndf,
o lxGb' clw/fHo ;+j}wflgs ?kdf :jLsf/,
o ;fj{ef}d;Qf /fhfdf lglxt
o Dff}lns xssf] Joj:yf
o zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGtsf] cjnDag

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

 o ;+;bLo zf;g k4tLsf] ;+/If0f
o b'O{ ;bgfTds Joj:yflksf M dxf;ef / k|ltgLlw;ef /fhf ;lxtsf] . dxf;efdf /fhaf6 dgf]lgt !* hgf / k|ltgLlw ;efaf6
lgaf{lrt !* hgf ul/ hDdf #^ ;b:o / k|ltlglw;efdf aflnu dtflwsf/sf cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]qaf6 lgjf{lrt !)( hgf
lgjf{lrt ;b:o .
o ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] ;+/If0f
o ;Ifd / :jtGq Gofofkflnsf
o :jtGq ;+j}wflgs c+ux?sf] Joj:yf
o @)!& kf}if ! ut] /fhf dx]Gb|n] ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yf b]zdf ckmfkl;4 ePsf] egL ;+;b lj36g u/L /fhgLlts
bnx?dfly k|ltaGw nufO{ b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yf cfkmgf] xftdf lnP . tTsfn} g]kfn ljz]if Joj:yf P]g, hf/L ul/ k~rfot
Joj:yf nfu' u/] .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!(@)!% (The Constituton of Nepa , 1962)

 /fhf dx]Gb|af6 d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf cfkm\gf] xftdf lnPkl5 ;+ljwfg cg';f/ zf;g ;+rfng ug{ egL @)!( ;fn a}zfv @^
ut] Xlifs]z zfxsf] cWoIftfdf ^ ;b:o ;+ljwfg d:of}bf cfof]u u7g,
 @)!( kf}if ! ut] /fhf dx]Gb|af6 ;+ljwfg hf/L,
 @) efu, (& wf/f / ^ cg';"rL /xsf] pQm ;+ljwfg tLg k6s ;+zf]wg ePsf] ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo ljz]iftfx? b]xfo lyP,
o ;lqmo /fhtGqfTds PsfTds Joj:yf,
o bnljlxg k~rfotL Joj:yf,
o >L % sf] cWoIftfdf dGqLkl/ifb u7g,
o ;fj{ef}d;Qf /fhfdf lglxt lxGb' clw/fHo,
o Ps ;bgfTds Joj:yflksf M /fli6o k+rfot -/fhfaf6 dgf]lgt @* hgf / aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df lgjf{lrt !!@
hgf ul/ hDdf !$) ;b:o_
o Dff}lns xssf] Joj:yf,
o ;+j}wflgs c+ux?sf] Joj:yf,
o ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
o Gofofkflnsf M ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf Gofoflwzx? >L % sf] :jljj]sdf lgo"Qm x'g],
o /fhf/fgL, /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:ox? tyf k+rfotL k|0ffnLsf] l;4fGtsf] ljifodf 5nkmn, s'/fsfgL, n]v /rgf ug{ aGb]h
nufO{sf],
RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322
of] ;+ljwfgdf hlt;'s} /fd|f / k|hftflGqs k|fjwfgx? ;dfj]z ug{ vf]lhPtfklg of] Joj:yf lgb{no ePsf]n] slxn] klg k|hftflGqs aGg
;s]g .

g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& @)!% (The Constituton of the Kingdom of Nepa, 1990)

 @)$& ;fn a}zfv ^ ut] s[i0f k|;fb e6\6/fO{sf] k|wfgdGqLTjdf /fhfsf k|ltgLlw ;lxt !! ;b:oLo dGqLkl/ifb u7g eof] .
 jfdkGyLx?af6 ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ wf/0ff cfPklg k|hftfGqLs wf/af6 To;df ;xdt x' g g;s]kl5 dGqL
kl/ifbsf] k/fdz{df /fhf jL/]Gb||n] @)$& ;fn h]7 !^ ut] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf tTsflng GofofwLz ljZjgfy pkfWofosf] cWoIftfdf
!) ;b:o ;+ljwfg ;'emfj cfof]u u7g u/] .
 g]kfnL sf+u|;, jfddf]rf{ / /fhfsf k|ltgLlwx? ;+nUg /x]sf] of] cfof]un] tof/ kf/]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfnfO{ dGqLkl/ifbsf] ;Nnf;
cg';f/ @)$& ;fn sflt{s @# ut] /fhf / ax'bnjfbLx?aLrsf] ;Demf}tfsf] b:tfj]hsf] ?kdf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$&
/fhfsf] 3f]if0ffaf6 nfu' eof] .
 @# efu, !## wf/f / # cg';'rL ;dfj]z /x]sf] of] ;+ljwfsf d"Vo ljz]iftfx?df,
o ;+j}wflgs /fhf
o sfo{sf/L clwsf/ /fhf / dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt
o ;+;bLo Joj:yf
o Dff}lns xssf] Joj:yf
o b'O{ ;bgfTds Joj:yflksf M /fli6o;ef / k|ltgLlw;ef -@^% hgf lgjf{lrt_
o :jtGq Gofofkflnsf
o lxGb' ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqfTds clw/fHo
o /fhfaf6 zflx ;]gfsf] kl/rfng x'g]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# (The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007)

 @)%@ ;fn kmfNu'g ! ut]af6 g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL4f/f z;:q o'4sf] ;'?jft,

 @)^! ;fn df3 !( ut] zf;g;Qf /fhf 1g]Gb|n] lnO{ k|ltgLlw;ef lj36g u/] , bndfly k|ltaGw nufP,
 @)^@ r}q @$ b]lv @)^# a}zfv !! ut] ;Dd bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ng,
 @)^@ ;fn d+l;/ & ut] tTsflng & /fhgLlts bn / g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLaLr !@ a'b] ;dembf/L,
RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322
  @)^# a}zfv !! ut] k|ltgLlw;ef k'g:yf{kgf,
 @)^# h]7 !@ df ;/sf/ / g]skf dfcf]jfbLaLr @% a'b] cfrf/ ;+lxtf / o'4lj/fd,

 @)^# c;f/ @ ut] ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbLlar lzv/ jftf{ ;DkGg eO ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ / cGtl/d
;+ljwfg agfpg * a'b] ;dembf/L,
 @)^# ;fn d+l;/ % ut] ;DkGg g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / ;+o'Qm /fi6;+3sf k|ltlglw
Oog dfl6{g ;fIfL /xsf] ;g @))& -@)^$_ sf] "Agreement on Monitoring of the Menagment of Arms
and Armies" nfO{ klg cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] c+u agfOof] .

 k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfkl5 @)^# h]7 $ ut] /fhfsf] clwsf/ s6f}lt u/L k|ltlglw;efnfO{ ;fj{ef}d zlQm ;DkGg 3f]if0ff ul/of] .
 c;f/ @ ut] ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lzif{ g]tfx?aLr lzv/ jftf{ ;DkGg eO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] :jtGq, lgZkIf /
wfwnL /lxt lgjf{rgsf] k|fjwfg ;lxt cGtl/d ;+ljwfg agfpg] * a'b] ;Demf}tf,
 ToxL ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df @)^# df3 ! ut] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hfl/ eof],
 @% efu !^& wf/f / $ cg';"lr /x]sf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg !# k6s ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? M
o ;+ljwfgnfO{ d'n sfg"gsf] ?kdf :jLsf/,
o ;fj{ef}d ;Qf / /fhsLo ;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt,
o g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds /fHo,
o /fhtGqfTds Joj:yfsf] cGTo,
o g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L efiff / ;j} dft[ efiffx? /fi6«efiff x'g],
o df}lns xs / st{Josf] Joj:yf,
o /fHosf] k|d'v bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt / gLltx?sf] Joj:yf,
o /fi6«fWoIfsf] ?kddf /fi6klt /xg],
o sfo{sf/L clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt,
o ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{,
o :jtGq Gofofkflnsfsf] Joj:yf,
o afwf c8\sfp km'sfp clwsf/ / ;+s6sflng clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifbn] ug{],
o ;+j}wflgs c+ux?sf] Joj:yf,
o bndfly k|ltaGw nufpg gkfOg],
o ;]gf ;DaGwL Joj:yf dlGqkl/ifbn] ug]{,

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ (The Constitution of Nepal, )
g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts tyf ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s ;+ljwfg;efaf6 hgk|ltgLlwx?n] ;+ljwfg @)&@ ;fn c;f]h # ut] hf/L eO{
k|f/De ;d]t eO/x]sf] 5 .
 @)&@ ;fn c;f]h # ut] hf/L,
 efu #%, wf/f #)* / cg';'rL (
 df}lns xs ;DaGwL Joj:yf M #! j6f df}lns xs, gful/ssf st{Josf] Joj:yf,
 of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ d'n sfg"gsf] ?kdf c+lusf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
 ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo ;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf /x]sf] 5 .
 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+;bLo zf;g Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
 wd{ lg/k]If /fi6«,
 ;+ljwfg;efaf6 lgld{t ;+ljwfg,
 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tLg txsf] /fHo ÷;/sf/sf] ;+/rgf /x]sf] 5 .
 zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGt c+lusf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
 /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt sf] Joj:yf,
 ;'wfl/Psf] ;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;+;baf6 lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL sfo{sf/L k|d'v /xg],
 k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;b lj36g ug{ gkfpg],
 b'O{ jif{;Dd k|wfgdGqL lj?4 clj:jf;sf] k|tfj Nofpg gkfOg],
 ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnL,
 s]Gb|df k|ltgLlw;ef -@&% ;b:o_ / /fli6«o;ef -%( ;b:o_ u/L b'O{ ;bgfTds Joj:yflksf eg] k|b]zdf Ps ;bgfTds
Joj:yflksf /xg],
 lgikIf, ;Ifd / :jtGq Gofofkflnsfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{{ cfTd;fy u/]sf],
 ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfg'kflts, ;dfj];L / ;xeflutf d'ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 .
 :jtGq ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux?sf] Joj:yf,
 df}lns clwsf/, st{Jo / dfgjclwsf/nfO{ cfTd;fy u/]sf],
 sfo{sf/L clwsf/ dGqLkl/ifbdf /xg] .

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

  @÷# ax'dtn] ;+ljwfg ;+;f]wg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf,
 k|b]zsf] l;df+sg ;+3Lo cfof]un] 6'+Uofpg],
 lhNnfdf lgjf{lrt lhNnf;ef /xg],
 :yfgLo txnfO{ k|z:t clwsf/ ;lxt alnof] ;/sf/sf] ?kdf :yflkt,
 k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'v / d'Vo dGqLsf] Joj:yf,
 cfdfsf] gfdaf6 ;d]t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg],

 Ps ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps pRr cbfnt / To;sf d'sfdx? / k|To]s lhNnfdf Ps lhNnf cbfnt /x]g u/L tLg
txsf] cbfntsf] ;+/rgf /x]sf] 5 .
 s]Gb|df @% ;b:o dGqLkl/ifb u7g ug]{ Joj:yf,
 ;+;bLo ;'g'jfOsf] Joj:yf M wf/f @(@
 /fhg}lts bn;DaGwL Joj:yf M

^=;+ljwfgjfb
 ;+ljwfgjfb eGgfn] ;fdfGo cy{df zf;g ;+rfng JolQmsf] ;jf]{Rrtf geO{ sfg"g adf]lhd zf;g eGg] x'G5 . ;+ljwfgjfb
k|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf] d]?b08 xf] . o;n] :j]R5frf/L tyf lg/+s'z ;/sf/sf] cGTo / sfg'gL zf;gsf] dfu ub{5 . x/]s ;+ljwfg
;+ljwfgjfbdf cfwfl/t x'g h?/L x'G5 .
 ;+ljwfgjfb eGgfn] To:tf]] d"NodfGotf jf l;4fGtnfO{ a'lemG5, h;n] ;/sf/sf] lg/+s'ztf / :jR5frfl/tfnfO{ l:ldt ug]{ k|of;
ub{5 .
 lnlvt tyf clnlvt h'g;'s} ;+ljwfg lsg gxf]; ;+ljwfg P]g, sfg"g adf]lhd ;/sf/ rNg' g} ;+ljwfgjfb xf] .
 clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cfkm\gf] zlQmsf] k|of]u sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ ;+ljwfgjfb xf] .
 ;+lIfKtdf eGbf ;+ljwfgjfbn] l;ldt ;/sf/,zlQm k[ysLs/0f / hjfkmb]lx ;/sf/sf] kIfdf jsfnt ub{5 .
 ;+ljwfgjfbn] ;/sf/sf clwsf/ st{Jox? tf]Sg], l;dLt ug]{ / kl/eflift ug]{ tyf ;/sf/sf] j}Bflgstf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 .
 zlQmsf] b'?kof]u gu/L hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt lgsfo dfkm{t hgtf k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] s'/f g} ;+ljwfgjfb cGtu{t kb{5 .

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

 ;+ljwfgjfbsf cfwf/e"t l;2fGtx?

o sfg"gL zf;g o :jtGq, ;Ifd / lgZkIf Gofokflnsf

o l;ldt ;/sf/ o Dff}lns xs clwsf/
o sfg"gsf] cuf8L ;dfg o zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGt
o ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf o dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg
o hgtfk|lt pQ/bflo tyf hjfkmb]lx
;/sf/
&= df}lns xs, st{Jo / ;+j}wflgs pkrf/
 df}lns xsnfO{ cfwf/e"t clwsf/, k|fs[lts clwsf/, cx/0fLo clwsf/, /fHo lj?4sf clwsf/ klg elgG5 .
 s'g} klg b]zsf]] d'n sfg"gn] gful/snfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ g} df}lns clwsf/ xf] .
 df}lns xs k|fKt gePdf jf /fHon] x/0f u/]df cbfntaf6 l/6 lgj]bg dfkm{t pkrf/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !^ b]lv $^ ;Dd hDdf #! j6f df}lns xssf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . h;df
I. wf/f !^ M ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs XVII. wf/f #@ M efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xs
II. wf/f !& M :jtGqtfsf] xs XVIII. wf/f ## M /f]huf/Lsf] xs
III. wf/f !* M ;dfgtfsf] xs XIX. wf/f #$ M >dsf] xs
IV. wf/f !( M ;~rf/sf] xs XX. wf/f #% M :jf:Yosf] xs
V. wf/f @) M Gofo ;DaGwL xs XXI. wf/f #^ M vfB ;DaGwL xs
VI. wf/f @! M ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs XXII. wf/f #& M cfjf;sf] xs
VII. wf/f @@ M oftgf lj?4sf] xs XXIII. wf/f #* M dlxnfsf] xs
VIII. wf/f @# M lgjf/s gh/aGbsf] xs XXIV. wf/f #( M afnaflnsfsf] xs
IX. wf/f @$ M 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs XXV. wf/f $) M blntsf] xs
X. wf/f @% M ;DklQsf] xs XXVI. wf/f $! M h]i7 gful/ssf] xs
XI. wf/f @^ M wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs XXVII. wf/f $@ M ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs
XII. wf/f @& M ;"rgfsf] xs XXVIII. wf/f $# M ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs
XIII. wf/f @* M uf]klgotfsf] xs XXIX. wf/f $$ M pkef]Qmfsf] xs
XIV. wf/f @( M zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs XXX. wf/f $% M b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs
XV. wf/f #) M :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs XXXI. wf/f $^ M ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs
XVI. wf/f #! M lzIffsf] xs
RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322
*= /fHosf lgb]{lzs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj -efu $, wf/f $(–%%_
!= /fHo ;+rfngs]f dfu{lgb]{zssf ?kdf /xg] M
 /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj /fHo ;+rfngsf] dfu{lgb]{gsf ?kdf /xg]5g . /fHon] o; efudf pNn]lvt
l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTjsf] sfo{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ug{] u/fpg]5 .
 /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt cGtu{t /fhgLlts p2]Zo, ;fdflhs ;f:s[lts p2]Zo, cly{s p2]Zo / cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw
;DaGwL p2]Zo kb{5g .
@= gLlt M /fHosf] b]xfosf gLlt cjnDag ug]{5 -s b]lv 8_
#= bfloTj M g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf / :jfwLgtfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} df}lns xs tyf
dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If/0f / ;+jw{g, /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] cg';/0f tyf /fHosf lgltx?sf] qmdz sfof{Gjog ub}{
g]kfnnfO{ ;d[4 tyf ;d'Ggt agfpg] /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .
$= aflif{s k|ltj]bg k]z ;DaGwL
o; efudf pNn]lvt /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj sfo{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf sfd / k|fKt pknAwL ;lxt
aflif{s k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
%= /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj sfo{Gjog eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg] 5}g .

(= ;+j}wflgs c+ux?
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu @! b]lv @& - wf/f @#*–@^$_ ;Dd ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u M -efu @!_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf cfo'Qmx? /xg], /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm ug]{ .
 dxfn]vf k/LIfs M -efu @@_
 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u M -efu @#_ nf]s;]jf cfof]udf Ps hgf cWoIf / rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg], /fi6kltn] lgo'Qm ug]{ .
 lgjf{rg cfof]u M -efu @$_

 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u M -efu @%_ Ps cWoIf / rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf 5 . /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm ug]{ .
 /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u M -efu @^_ cWoIf ;lxt a9Ldf kfFr hgf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf 5 . /fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'Qm ug]{ .

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322

  cGo cfof]u M efu @&
o /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u o d'lZnd cfof]u
o /fli6«o blnt cfof]u efu @& cGt/ut ul7t cfof]ux? ;+3Lo
;+;bn] !) jif{kl5 k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf
o /fli6«o ;dfj]lz cfof]u /x]sf] 5 .
o cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u
(= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf cfwf/e't dfGotf / k|lqmof
o dw]zL cfof]u
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @&$ df ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
o yf? cfof]u ul/Psf] 5 .

!)= g]kfndf sfg"g lgdf{0f k|lqmof

g]kfdf sfg"g lgdf{0f k|lqmof @ tl/sfaf6 ul/G5 . -!_ ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g th"{df ug]{ k|lqmof -@_ s'g} ljwfosn]
ljw]ossf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g th"{df ug]{ k|lqmof . t/ cy{ ljw]os, g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL ljw]os, g]kfn k|x/L ;DaGwL ljw]os / z;:q k|x /L
;DaGwL ljw]os eg] ;/sf/L ljw]os sf] ?kdf dfq cfpg ;S5 .
-!_ ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g th"{df ug]{ k|lqmof
s sfg"gsf] cfjZostfsf] klxrfg, ª= ;+;bdf k|:t't,
v= d:of}bf, r= bkmfjf/ 5nkmn,
u= sfg"g dGqfnosf] k/fdz{, 5= ;+;baf6 kfl/t,
3= dGqLkl/ifbdf 5nkmn, h= /fi6«kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f .
-@_ s'g} ljwfos4f/f ljw]ossf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g th"{df ug]{ k|lqmof
!!= ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLrsf] cGt/;DaGw
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;dGjosf] l;4fGTdf cfwfl/t xg]5 -wf/f @#@-!__ .
cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifb -wf/f @#$-!__ M
k|wfgdGqL cWoIf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf u[xdGqL ;b:o
g]kfn ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL ;b:o
;DaGwLt k|bzsf d'VodGqL ;b:o

RED Academy, New-Baneshwor, Baneshowor, Pipalbot. Ph. 01-4492124, 9864298042 or 9808448322