JEE 2024

Wave Optics Class 1

Homework from “Wave Optics” module
Illustration (1,2)
In chapter exercise A (4,8,9,10)

Homework from “Wave Optics” workbook

Daily tutorial sheet-1 (1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,14,15)
Daily tutorial sheet-5 (complete)
Wave Optics

In ware optics, we
study phenomene
associated with wave nature of

light
Huygen's Principle
-

Interference
-

Diffraction
-
Polarization

treated
In wave
nature, lightis
electromagnetic wave.
as

travels form
the
light
in
of
os
uilleting
field
electric
and
magnetic
Huygens Principle
Related to wavefronts
wave front
locus of points where disturbances

are in same phase

lights
Fe it the
case of is

locus of print where electric field

is
oscillating in same phase

for a
point source:
-

I
-
e

x
wave front is

spherical surfers
(centre 5)
at

S ↓

Asin(wA) Asin(w(t-)]

sin(wt -kx)
A
 -

forward envelope
&

↑
⑧ -lightray
⑧ ⑳

⑧ ·ve
< ⑳
>
S

↳
&

⑧
wavefront of
t 0=

~
↳ WavefrontatA e
=

Backwares don't exist

A spherical wavefrontpropagates
as

a
spherical wavefront. Its radius

keeps increasing.
Rate of increase of radius is

the
speed of wave.

to to
wavefronts
light rays
are
 Plane wavefront

·Associated parallel
with been

of light)
Plane wavefrontat1 0
=

·
S
⑧

>
⑧

-
&

S
·

-wavefrontat7 e
=

Ye
A place wavefrontpropagates as a

place wavefront
 cylindriedwavefronts
are produce the
source.
nee
↓
to
be
can be
thought
made of pointsources

/r
-
wanted wave e

cylindrich WF

trier light⑧
⑧
ray propagates
cylindrical
e

wit

⑧
ve
·
<
·
>

↳
&

⑧
wavefront of
t 0 =

~
↳ WavefrontatA e
=
Refraction of plane wave using Huygens principle
(proofof lews of refraction)

zicht B AB: Plans

wo
incident

-
Wavefront
el

can As':refrected
Al
V2V,
"Retracted wavefront

ray
As different points of the incident
the
wavefront reach
boundary, the

point on
boundary becomes a source

of secondly wavelets
going inte

the other medium.

The
tangent place of these
secondary
wave let will the refracted
give
were front
Let B takes time to to reach the

(a fer
boundary A reaches)
when B reads the
boundary,
secondly A
waveletof has
grown
into
a spa. of radius VII in mode
sindee
=
= =
e,sin = 12 sinc
-
low
swell's
Reflection of plane wave using Huygens principle
(proof of lews of reflection)
Al As:Plans
reflected

-
B
speed
=

see........
i
~ -
incident
&

CE wavefront
Richt
way
8 C is
A

As':reflected

warefet

Triangles ABB'D BAA

Congrat
ans

end
corresponding, angles
are

-1 8
=

I lew of reflection(
 Growth of reflected
a refracted or

with time

v.Nati
AO
-

-
(M2>M,)

A A
=

B
-
I
A. ⑧

o' a
-, 10

Al

A Az=

All
->
-> ⑧

↳a
I
-
D

Al
⑧

As
A = All
&

- CI
⑧

D15
O C

o'
* -
⑧
D
I ⑧ c
A
 · Id=dc

-
·V-I- If= de i
v
⑧

e2>l,
-

-
Draw the refracted/reflected wavefront for the plane incident wavefront AB

(a) -
B

I
i
er, #l
M2 it it
(N2<u,) -
S

Al
/
A Y
- B
(b) 7
~ r e-

I
&

I
l -
i -

- -

1 1,,,,,,,, / /
A /
I

(C)

---
A
12

- Spherical
were free
(d)

e
A

(C) A

if a

try,
shine e

- . . .

(9)
-
Plane W

-
I

&

I
B -
>

S
Interference

when wave from two or more sources

are present at
a location
simultaneously,
then said to
they are interfire at

that point.

Interference of waves follows

meet
of superposition

↓
Disturbance due to individual waves is

unaffected by
the
presence of other
the

wave. However the disturbance

not is

the addition ofdisturbance due to

the individual waves.

Yet Y, = +
Yz
 Two
asiwis-------
sources S, x S2

⑧
are
producing waves

.............
of same
frequency/
wanzlengt
0: Phase difference
S28
between the
As Sin (WA+0)
sources

At point P
Disturbance due to Si

A, sin (w(t -)]

k
=
=

A,sin(wt-kx)
=

Disturbance due to 32

A
sin(w(t ) -
+

0]
=A sin(WA -kx 0)
+

Notdisturbance at P

A. Sin
=

(Wt-kn,) + AsSin (WA-kx2+o

= A sin (WA+0") (By using phasor
method]
Phase difference between the two waves

Ad 0, -b2
=

=(Nt-k4,)-(wt-4x+0)

k(uz-4,)-0
=

Ad a
me
=
-

phan differences
due pat
to difference (1x)

If sources are in same phans

9 kD
=

the
resultantamplitude
given by: is

2A, AscoAd
A F+=

Intensity a (amplitude)

=
*I, +

Iz +
2 , zcosAd

I:resultent intensity
at p

Idepends on
10)
 As AP is different different
at

points I SO resultant
the
intensity
varies in space

Points is
> where
intensity meximen are

called maxime (constructive Interference)

COS AG 1
=

94 0, 24,
=
45--.

Ad 22π
=

If sources are in phase (0 0)=

10 =
kAn

KDx 24π =

Du
- >
2nπ
=

An nd
=

In 0, =

1, 2x - - -

T
-
mox - 4, Ic+

+ 2rI,(1)
= (, + rEs)
Amex -+
2A,A2(1)

A,+ Az
=
As points where resultent is
intensity minime

are called minima (Destructive Interference)

COSAP = -1

*
H,34,5i
=
- - -

&p (2n 1)π

=
+

sources
If are in same phase (0 = 0)

AP KDn
=

4 A (2n +
=
1)π

(2n+ 1)
*Au =

An = (2n + 1)1
2

an
2,,---
=

Imin 1,=

+ I2 + 2V,2(-1)
=
(,-vs)
Amin I 2A,An(-
1)

1A,
-
-
AzA
I Do are out
it sources of

phase (0 H)
=

Find condition on path differences (An)

for maxime a minime

I If to
=

I=I2

(intensitydue to
both
sources

are same)
Imea (Er +
=
Er)" 4 to=

Fain= (FF-F)"= ⑧
=

↳? e
=

i I

↳ -
=
& TEz

# I
s
I a

=
* =
 -

= Im

Ya

scree
Si x
-
X

Ax W16
=
-n

for maxime:1x nx =

for x ->0 -> Ax >

-
4(4x)
x - x is x -0

Maximes occur where

I
Dx 3X
=

3 meximes
An 2 X his
=

on x-a

1x x
=

Minimes occur where

3
An = 3 5x
-

↳ minines
&x = 2 -5X
is
o - m -

An 1-54
=

14 =0-5X