NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
Luke 16:10

“One who is faithful in a very little is also faithful in much, and one who is dishonest in a very little is
also dishonest in much.”
Instruction: 1. Solve the following problems.
2. Final answer should be in 3 decimal places.
#1] 10 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) is burned directly in a boiler to generate saturated steam at 200℃.
Water enters the boiler at 20℃. The heating value of MSW is 18,000 kJ/kg and the boiler efficiency is 75
percent. Determine the amount of steam generated. The generated steam is run through a turbine-generator
unit to generate electricity. The steam pressure at the turbine exit is 100 kPa. If the turbine isentropic
efficiency is 85% and the generator efficiency is 95%, determine the amount of electricity produced. How
much revenue can be generated if the electricity is sold at a price of ₱10.0/kWh? (30 pts)
Solution:
Enthalpies at all points
At Point 1 T1 = 200 °C
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 = 2793.2 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 𝑠𝑔 = 6.4323 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
At Point 2 at P2 = 0.10 MPa
𝑠𝑓2 = 1.3026 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 ℎ𝑓2 = 417.46 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠𝑓𝑔2 = 6.0568 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 ℎ𝑓𝑔2 = 2258 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 𝑠𝑓2 + 𝑥2 𝑠𝑓𝑔2 ℎ2 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝑥2 ℎ𝑓𝑔2
6.4323 = 1.3026 + 𝑥2 (6.0568) ℎ2 = (417.46) + (0.8469)(2258)
𝑥2 = 0.8469 ℎ2 = 2329.7602 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
At Point 2’
ℎ1 − ℎ2 ′
𝑒𝑡 =
ℎ1 − ℎ2
2793.2 − ℎ2 ′
0.85 =
2793.2 − 2329.7602
ℎ2′ = 2399.276 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
At Point 3 P3 = 0.10 MPa
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓2 = 417.46 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
At Point 4 T4 = 20 °C
ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓4 = 83.96 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Solving for the amount of steam generated
𝑄𝐴 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
𝑒𝑏 = =
𝑄𝐼𝑁 𝑚𝑀𝑆𝑊 𝑥 𝐻𝐻𝑉
𝑚𝑠 (2793.2 − 83.96) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
0.75 =
(10,000 𝑘𝑔) 𝑥 (18,000 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔)
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟒𝟗, 𝟖𝟐𝟗. 𝟒𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝒈

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
Solving for the amount of electricity produced
𝐸𝑃 = 𝑒𝑔 𝑥 𝑊𝑇
𝐸𝑃 = 𝑒𝑔 𝑥 𝑚𝑠 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 ′)
𝐸𝑃 = 0.95 𝑥 (49,829.42 𝑘𝑔)(2793.2 − 2399.276) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
1 𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟
𝐸𝑃 = 18,647,554.22 𝑘𝐽 𝑥
3600 𝑘𝐽
𝑬𝑷 = 𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟗. 𝟖𝟕𝟔 𝒌𝑾. 𝒉𝒓
Solving for the revenue generated
₱10.00
= 5179.876 𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟 𝑥
𝑘𝑊. ℎ𝑟
= ₱𝟓𝟏, 𝟕𝟗𝟖. 𝟕𝟔𝟐

#2] An open-system OTEC power plant operates with a surface water temperature of 27℃ and a deep-water
temperature of 13℃. The evaporator is maintained at a saturation pressure of 3.17 kPa and a saturation
temperature of 25℃ and the condenser pressure and temperature at saturation conditions are 1.706 kPa and
15℃, respectively. The mass flow rate of warm surface water entering the evaporator is 1000 kg/s and the
turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 80%. Determine: (30 pts)
a. the mass flow rate of steam at the turbine inlet
b. the volume flow rates of steam at the turbine inlet and outlet
c. the turbine power output and the thermal efficiency of the cycle
Neglect pumping power and other internal or auxiliary power consumptions in the plant.
Solution:

⑦
⑥

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
Determine enthalpies at different state points
Point ➀ at T1 = 27 °C (at Steam Table, Table 1)
ℎ1 = 113.25 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Point ➁ ℎ1 = ℎ2
ℎ2 = 113.25 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑓2 = 104.892 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑓𝑔2 = 2442.29 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ2 − ℎ𝑓2 113.25 − 104.892
𝑥2 = =
ℎ𝑓𝑔2 2442.29
𝑥2 = 0.00342
Point ➂ at P3 = 3.17 kPa (at Steam Table, Table 2)
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑔 = 2547.2 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠3 = 𝑠𝑔 = 8.558 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑣3 = 𝑣𝑔 = 43.369 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
Point ④ at 𝑃4 = 3.17 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓 = 104.892 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Point ⑤ at 𝑃5 = 1.706 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0.001706 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑠3 = 𝑠5
𝑠𝑓5 = 0.2238 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 ℎ𝑓5 = 62.99 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠𝑓𝑔5 = 8.5586 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 ℎ𝑓𝑔5 = 2465.9 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠3 = 𝑠5 = 𝑠𝑓5 + 𝑥5 𝑠𝑓𝑔5 ℎ5 = ℎ𝑓5 + 𝑥5 ℎ𝑓𝑔5
8.558 = 0.2238 + 𝑥5 (8.5586) ℎ5 = (62.99) + (0.97376)(2465.9)
𝑥5 = 0.97376 ℎ5 = 2464.185 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Point ⑤’ from turbine efficiency
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 ℎ3 − ℎ5 ′
𝑒𝑡 = =
𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 ℎ3 − ℎ5
2547.2 − ℎ4 ′
0.80 =
2547.2 − 2464.185
ℎ5′ = 2480.092 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Point ⑥ ℎ𝑓 @ 13℃
ℎ6 = 54.60 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Point ⑦ ℎ𝑓 @ 1.076 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ7 = 62.99 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
a. Solving for mass flow rate of steam at turbine inlet
𝑚3 = 𝑥2 𝑚1
𝑚3 = (0.00342)(1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)
𝒎𝟑 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟐 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
b. Solving for volume flow rate of steam at turbine inlet
𝑉3 = 𝑣3 𝑚3
𝑉3 = (43.369 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔)(3.42 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)
𝑽𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
c. Solving for turbine power output and thermal efficiency
For turbine power output
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚3 (ℎ3 − ℎ5 ′)
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (3.42 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(2547.2 − 2480.092) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟓𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑾
For thermal efficiency
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑒𝑡ℎ = 𝑥100%
𝑄𝐴
Where;
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚1 ℎ1 − 𝑚4 ℎ4
𝑄𝐴 = [(1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(113.25 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔)] − [(1000 − 3.42)(104.892 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔)]
𝑄𝐴 = 8716.731 𝑘𝑊
Then,
229.509
𝑒𝑡ℎ = 𝑥 100 %
8716.731
𝒆𝒕𝒉 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟑𝟑 %

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
#3] An OTEC power plant operates on a closed cycle with a surface water temperature of 30℃ and a deep-water
temperature of 5℃. The working fluid is R-134a. R-134a leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor at 20℃
and it condenses at 10℃. The surface water leaves the evaporator at 25℃ and the cold water leaves the
condenser at 8℃. The turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 85% and the power output from the turbine is 100
kW. Determine: (30 pts)
a. the mass flow rates of surface water, deep water, and R-134a
b. the thermal efficiency of the plant.
c. The required surface areas of the evaporator and condenser if it operates at a log mean temperature
difference of 4.5℃ and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 1.5 kW/m2K.

Neglect pumping power and other internal or auxiliary power consumptions in the plant.
The enthalpies of R-134a are:
Pump and evaporator inlet ℎ3 ≅ ℎ4 = 65.43 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔,
Evaporator outlet ℎ1 = 261.59 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔,
Turbine outlet ℎ2 = 256 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔.
Solution:

a. Mass flow rate of R134a, surface water, and deep water

For mass flow rate of R134a
Considering the turbine
𝑊𝑇 = 𝑚𝑅134𝑎 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) 𝑥 𝑒𝑡
100 𝑘𝑊 = 𝑚𝑅134𝑎 (261.59 − 256) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝑥 0.85
𝒎𝑹𝟏𝟑𝟒𝒂 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝒈/𝒔
For mass flow rate of surface water
Considering the evaporator
𝑚𝑠𝑤 𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑎 − 𝑡𝑏 ) = 𝑚𝑅134𝑎 (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
𝑚𝑅134𝑎 (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
𝑚𝑠𝑤 =
𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑎 − 𝑡𝑏 )
(21.046 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(261.59 − 65.43) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑠𝑤 =
(4.187 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(30 − 25)𝐾
𝒎𝒔𝒘 = 𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
For mass flow rate of deep water
Considering the condenser
𝑚𝑑𝑤 𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑑 − 𝑡𝑐 ) = 𝑚𝑅134𝑎 (ℎ2 − ℎ3 )
𝑚𝑅134𝑎 (ℎ2 − ℎ3 )
𝑚𝑑𝑤 =
𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑑 − 𝑡𝑐 )
(21.046 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(256 − 65.43) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑑𝑤 =
(4.187 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(8 − 5)𝐾
𝒎𝒅𝒘 = 𝟑𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝒈/𝒔
b. Thermal efficiency of the plant
𝐸𝑃
𝑒𝑡ℎ =
𝐸𝑖𝑛
100 𝑘𝑊
𝑒𝑡ℎ =
(197.200 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(4.187 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾)(30 − 25)
𝒆𝒕𝒉 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟐 %
c. Required surface area of evaporator
𝑄𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 𝑈𝐴𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 (𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷)
𝑄𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝐴𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 =
𝑈(𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷)
Where;
𝑄𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 𝑚𝑆𝑊 𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑎 − 𝑡𝑏 )
Then,
(197.200 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(4.187 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾)(30 − 25)
𝐴𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 =
(1.5 𝑘𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾)(4.5 𝐾)
𝑨𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑 = 𝟔𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝟐
Required surface area of condenser
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛 = 𝑈𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛 (𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷)
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛
𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛 =
𝑈(𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷)
Where;
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑑𝑊 𝐶𝑝 (𝑡𝑑 − 𝑡𝑐 )
Then,
(319.301 𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(4.187 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾)(8 − 5)
𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑛 =
(1.5 𝑘𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾)(4.5 𝐾)
𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒏 = 𝟓𝟗𝟒. 𝟏𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝟐

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
#4] The average wave height of an ocean area is 2.5-m-high and each wave lasts for an average period of 7 s.
Determine: (30 pts)
a. the energy and power of the waves per unit area
b. the work and average power output of a wave power plant on this site with a plant efficiency of 35% and
a total ocean wave area of 1 km2. Take the density of seawater to be 1025 kg/m3.
Solution:
a. for energy per unit area
1
𝑊𝑎𝑣 = 𝜌𝑎2 𝑔
2
Where;
ℎ
𝑎=
2
Then,
1 2.5 𝑚 2
𝑊𝑎𝑣 = (1025 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ) ( ) (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
2 2
𝑾𝒂𝒗 = 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝑱/𝒎𝟐
for power per unit area
1
̇ = 𝜌𝑎2 𝑔
𝑊𝑎𝑣
2𝜏
1 2.5 𝑚 2
𝑊𝑎𝑣̇ = (1025 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ) ( ) (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
2(7 𝑠) 2
𝑾𝒂𝒗 ̇ = 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟖 𝑾/𝒎𝟐
b. for energy
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 =
𝑊𝑎𝑣
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝑊𝑎𝑣
𝐽 1 𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 0.35 𝑥 7855.664 2 𝑥 1,000,000 𝑚2 𝑥
𝑚 1000 𝐽
𝑾𝒂𝒄𝒕 = 𝟐, 𝟕𝟒𝟗, 𝟒𝟖𝟐. 𝟒 𝒌𝑱
for power
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡 ̇ = 𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝑊𝑎𝑣
̇
𝑊 1 𝑘𝑊
̇ = 0.35 𝑥 1122.238
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑥 1,000,000 𝑚2 𝑥
𝑚 2 1000 𝑊
̇ = 𝟑𝟗𝟐, 𝟕𝟖𝟑. 𝟑 𝒌𝑾
𝑾𝒂𝒄𝒕

Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan
 NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 414 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8
#5] The Bay of Rance in France has a total basin area of 22 ×106 m2. Tidal power is to be generated using a
modulated single-pool tidal system with an average tidal range of 11 m. The parameter a is 0.07 h −1, and work
is produced between 1 and 3 h. Using an overall efficiency of 30%, determine the actual power potential from
this site. Take the density of water to be 1025 kg/m3. Also, determine the potential revenue from this site
during this 2-h period if electricity is sold at a rate of $0.12/kWh. (30 pts)
Solution:
Solving for available work output for modulated single-pool system
𝜋𝑡1 𝜋𝑡2 𝑎2
𝑊𝑎𝑣 = 𝑔𝜌𝐴𝑅 2 {0.988𝑎 [𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( )] − (𝑡2 2 − 𝑡1 2 )}
6.2083 6.2083 2
𝜋(1ℎ) 𝜋(3ℎ) (0.07 ℎ−1 )2 2
𝑊𝑎𝑣 = (9.81)(1025)(22𝑥106 )(11)2 {0.988𝑎 [𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( ) − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( )] − (3 − 12 )}
6.2083 6.2083 2
𝑊𝑎𝑣 = 9.9705 𝑥 1011 𝐽
For actual power output
̇ = 𝑒𝑜 𝑥 𝑊𝑎𝑣
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡 ̇
𝑊𝑎𝑣
̇ = 𝑒𝑜 𝑥
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝑡2 − 𝑡1
9.9705 𝑥 1011 𝐽
̇ = 0.3 𝑥
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡
3600 𝑠
[(3 − 1) ℎ𝑟 𝑥 1 ℎ𝑟 ]
̇ = 41,281,250 𝑊
𝑊𝑎𝑐𝑡
̇ = 𝟒𝟏, 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑾
𝑾𝒂𝒄𝒕
For the potential revenue during this 2 hrs. period
= 41,281.250 𝑘𝑊 𝑥 2 ℎ𝑟 𝑥 $0.12 kW/hr
= $𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟕. 𝟓

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Prepared by:
Engr. Anthony Vic C. Agulan