SIMPOSIUM PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGERI SABAH

7 DISEMBER 2017
TH HOTEL, KOTA KINABALU, SABAH
--------------------------------------------

POLLUTION CONTROL IN
LANDFILLS - DOE’S
PERSPECTIVES
By
TUNKU KHALKAUSAR TUNKU FATHAHI
DIRECTOR
DEPARMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, SABAH
TABLE OF CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 6. REQUIREMENT UNDER

2. LANDFILL EQA 1974 FOR INCINERATION
(& TRANSFER STATION)
3. ISSUES - Open Burning
4. ISSUES - Leachate 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
5. ISSUES - Scheduled Waste Management 8. CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Environmental Management in Malaysia become more focussed - Gazettment of the Environmental Quality Act
(EQA) on 14 March 1974.
From thereon, an enforcement agency named Department of Environment (DOE) was institutionalised in 1975.
DOE’s main role is to prevent, control and abate pollution through the enforcement of EQA, 1974.

1. Vision
Environmental Conservation
for the well-being of the
people
2. Mision
To ensure sustainable
development in the
process of nation building
3. Function
To administer and enforce the
EQA 1974 and Section IV of
the Exclusive Economic Zone
Act, 1984
4. Strategies
1. Pollution Control and
Prevention
2. Sustainable Development
Through Conservation of
Resources
3. Integration of Environmental DOE’s 3 Functional Areas
Factors in Development
Planning
4. Promotion of Environmental • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
Education and Awareness
5. Public Participation
• AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
6. Inter-Agency and Federal-
State Cooperation
7. Bilateral, Regional and • WASTE MANAGEMENT
International Cooperation
 LANDFILL
Landfill - a waste disposal site for the
a) noise, dust and deposit of solid waste onto or into land
odours
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CONTROL
OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTE
b) air pollution TRANSFER STATION AND LANDFILL)
REGULATIONS 2009

c) Pollution of the
- Apply to solid waste transfer station
soil, surface water and landfills which discharge or
or groundwater release leachate

Regulation 5 - An owner or occupier of

d) Entry or disposal solid waste transfer station or landfill
of scheduled wastes shall design and operate the solid
waste transfer station or landfill in such
a manner that the following are
strictly controlled:
 LIST OF LANDFILL IN SABAH
1. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kayu Madang, Telipok
(Sanitari)
2. Pusat Pelupusan Sampah Keningau (Sanitari)
3.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kg. Mangin, Kota
Marudu
4. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah
(Majlis Daerah Tongod)
5. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Beaufort
6. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Daerah
Beluran)
7. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kudat
8. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Sipitang
9. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Ranau
10. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Mengkalai, Tambunan 21. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kg. Langkawit, Papar
11. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kunak
12.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Daerah Telupid)
13. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kinabatangan
14. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah (Majlis Perbandaran
Telupid)
15. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Lahad Datu
16. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kuala Penyu
17. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Bukit Gemuk, Tawau
18. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Amboi II, Tenom
19.Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Kota Marudu (Kg.
Tambun)
20. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Daerah Semporna
22. Tapak Pelupusan Sampah Menumbok
 POLLUTION ISSUES FROM LANDFILL
OPERATIONS

Open burning Air Pollution

Leachate Water Pollution

Scheduled waste from Scheduled Waste

industries and
households
 1. OPEN BURNING
Section 29A – Section 29A(1)
Notwithstanding anything to the
Prohibition on open contrary contained in this Act, no
burning person shall allow or cause open
burning on any premises

Section 29A(2)
Fine not exceeding RM500,000
or imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both
 SECTION 29 EQA 1974
Open Burning
• any fire, combustion or smouldering that occurs in the open air and which is not directed there
through a chimney or stack

Prohibition of Open Burning

• Section 29 Environmental Quality Act 1974
• No person shall allow or cause open burning on any premises

Penalty
• Fine RM500,000 or 5 year imprisonment or both
• Compound RM2,000

Who’s liable?
• The owner or
• The occupier of the premises
 IMPACT OF OPEN BURNING
• Air Pollution
• Health Impact
• Accidents
• Socio-Economic/
Tourism
• Climate change
Malaysia: Number of Complaint by Type of Pollution (2016)

MALAYSIA: NUMBER
OF COMPLAINT
RECEIVED BY DOE
(2016)

Malaysia: Number of Complaint by States (2016)

Malaysia: Total Number of Complaint according to Sub Category (2016)
Malaysia: Number of Complaints According to Sub Category (Air Pollution)(2016)
 SABAH: TRENDS OF COMPLAINTS INVOLVING OPEN BURNING
NO. OF COMPLAINTS
Til 6 Dec 2017 = 108 (overall 211)
=> 51%
250
233
219
209
201
200 188

150

119 OPEN…
100 104
100
OVERALL
85
70 66
50
33

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

YEAR

Updated: 17 April 2017

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF OPEN BURNING IN LANDFILL

Scavengers Spontaneous

OPEN
BURNING ON
LANDFILL

Fuel Methane

Specially Crafted by | TAQI’UDDIN HAMZAH 14

 4 AUGUST 2017 - 18 HOTSPOTS IN SABAH
ONE OF THE HOTSPOTS - PAPAR LANDFILL 15
 CASES OF OPEN BURNING ON
LANDFILL

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1 2 0 3 1 8
3 6 6 4 1 0

LEGEND : PUBLIC COMPLAINT

AIR SURVEILLANCE
PICTURE 1 : TYRES BURNING IN KAYU MADANG
LANDFILL ON 1 MARCH 2017

17
PICTURE 2 : TYRES BURNING IN KAYU MADANG
LANDFILL ON 1 MARCH 2017

18
PICTURE 3: OPEN BURNING ON LANDFILL
PICTURE 4 : OPEN BURNING AND UNTREATED
LEACHATE ON LANDFILL NEAR MANGROVE
LANDFILL CONTROL MEASURES TO PREVENT OPEN
BURNING
Security System Segregation
• installing fences • segregate waste prior to
• permanent barriers disposal in landfill to avoid the
on site perimeter to mixture of the flammable
stop scavengers substances and other
from entering the substances that trigger fire
landfill
• CCTV Information sharing
& Reporting
4 Proper Management/Daily • Educate
3 Operations
2 contractors/scavengers/
1 • Monitor incoming waste community - not to
• Compacted & daily soil conduct Open Burning
cover • Inform DOE immediately
• Emergency Response – whenever OB occurs in
In-house Fire Fighting landfill
Equipment • Take proper action to put
off fire
• Control/Mitigation
Measures to be in place
21
 2. LEACHATE
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID WASTE
TRANSFER STATION AND LANDFILL) REGULATIONS 2009
LEACHATE
Means liquid that has percolated through
solid waste and has been extracted or
dissolved, or suspended materials from
the solid waste, or liquid discharged or
released from a solid waste transfer
station or landfill.
Section 24 : Restriction on
pollution of the soil
Fine not exceeding RM100,000 or
imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both and to a
further fine not exceeding RM1000
per day for everyday that the offence
is continued after a notice served
Provision of leachate treatment
system
No person shall operate a solid waste
transfer station or landfill without a
leachate treatment system
Section 25 : Restriction on
pollution of inland waters
Fine not exceeding RM100,000 or
imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both and to a
further fine not exceeding RM1000
per day for everyday that the offence
is continued after a notice served
REQUIREMENT UNDER THE EQA 1974 FOR
LEACHATE MANAGEMENT
Final discharge to comply to DOE
Leachate to be treated in Leachate discharge standard
Treatment Plant (LTP)

LTP design by PE & to notify DOE Monitoring of leachate discharge

Performance monitoring
Regular Reporting to DOE

Competent person
Record Keeping & Training
PICTURE 5 : LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT AT
KAYU MADANG
PICTURE 6 :KAYU MADANG LEACHATE TREATMENT
PLANT NEAR RIVER AT KAMPUNG LAPASAN
PICTURE 7:OPEN BURNING AND UNTREATED
LEACHATE ON LANDFILL NEAR MANGROVE
PICTURE 8: LANDFILL NEAR RIVER
PICTURE 8: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
Keningau Sanitary Landfill is the only sanitary
landfill in Sabah.

This landfill has been operating since 2011

Problematic parameters - colour, mercury and

manganese & lead.

Suggestions for improvement :

1. Competent person & to conduct performance
monitoring – early detection of non-compliance
2. Upgrade the treatment system to comply with
the DOE discharge standard.
3. Ensure no scheduled waste disposed into the
landfill
PICTURE 9: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
PICTURE 10: KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL

31
PICTURE 11: FINAL DISCHARGE POINT AT
KENINGAU SANITARY LANDFILL
 ISSUES ON LEACHATE IN SABAH
Non sanitary landfills
– to be closed or upgraded
(leachate recirculation,
lining etc.
- Daily operation to be
improved e.g monitoring
of incoming waste, daily
cover, waste
segregation, etc)
- Priority to landfill
located upstream of
water intake or water
courses
Most of landfills in Sabah do
not have leachate treatment
system
The existing sanitary
landfills with
leachate treatment
system need to be
upgraded and
operated properly to
treat the leachate to
comply with DOE
discharge standard
Lack of awareness on DOE
Regulations Requirement on
Leachate Management
 CURRENT APPROACH BY DOE IN POLLUTION
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING
TOOLS

1. Environmental 2. Environmental
policy Budgeting
GUIDED SELF-REGULATION
(GSR)

3. Environmental 4. Environmental
• Guided Self Regulation - Monitoring Committee Facility
the regulated sectors
(primarily, the industries
and project proponents)
are guided (taken by the 6. Environmental
5. Environmental
Reporting &
hand, so to speak) Competency
Communication
towards achieving the
goal of self-regulation and
environmental
7. Environmental
compliance through Transparency
environmental
mainstreaming tools
 3. SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT

Industrial Domestic
Scheduled
ScheduledWaste
waste Solid Solid Scheduled waste
Waste Waste
1. Scheduled waste 1. Household e-waste
in 77 category eg. Computer,
stated in SWR 2005 washing machine,
Imported fridge etc
2. Common
scheduled waste
Commercial
Solid Waste
Type of Solid
2. Lithium / lead
Waste
generated eg. Used
lubricant oil, clinical
Controlled batteries

waste, e-waste,
chemical waste
Solid Waste 3. Mostly disposed
into landfill
Public Construction
3. Scheduled waste Solid Waste
Solid
is collected by
licensed contractor Waste
and disposed at
Institutional
licensed facility Solid
Waste Source: JPSPN
 LEGISLATION FOR SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT
In Malaysia the control of wastes is SECTION 34B, EQA 1974-Prohibiton
against placing, deposit, etc or
governed by Environmental Quality Act scheduled wastes
1974.
(1) No person shall
The Environmental Quality (Scheduled a) place, deposit or dispose of, except at
Wastes) Regulations 2005 (SWR) premises only, any scheduled wastes on
requires all wastes to be handled land or into Malaysian waters:
REGULATIONS b) Receive or send, or cause or permit to
properly and as far as possible, be received or sent any scheduled wastes
rendered innocuous prior to disposal in or out of Malaysia
c) Transit
and be treated at prescribed premises
or on-site treatment facilities . without any prior written approval of the
Director General

Non-compliance to SW PENALTY PENALTY

Fine not exceeding
Regulations 2005 - may be RM500,000 or
compounded RM2,000. imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 5 years or both
36
 SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SABAH
Licensed Waste
Licensed Recovery/ Incineration or
Waste Generator Transporter Offsite Storage in Sabah

Licensed Waste
Transporter

Licensed Recovery/ Insineration Cargo Ship/ Vessel

or Offsite Storage Disposal
Facilities

To Peninsular /Sarawak
Port
List of Licensed Scheduled Waste Facilities in Sabah
Legenda Bumimas Sdn. Bhd.
NCT Forwarding & Shipping Sdn. Bhd.
Petrojadi Sdn. Bhd.
Pentas Flora Sdn. Bhd.
Restu Logistik Sdn. Bhd.
Sedafiat Sdn. Bhd.
Segar Alam Kinabalu
Tiong Cheong Sdn. Bhd.
Wawasan Oil Recycle Sdn. Bhd.
In red colour – License for e-waste collection
 NUMBER OF SCHEDULED WASTE LICENSE ISSUED
IN SABAH
01
Prescribed transporters = 9 licenses
02
Off-site Storage Facilities = 6 licenses
03
Incineration = 3 licenses
04
Off-site Recovery Facility = 1 license
05
Microwave Treatment Facility = 1 license
Total Licenses : 2039
Specially Crafted by | TAQI’UDDIN HAMZAH
 SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE IN
SABAH
No integrated SW disposal
facility in Sabah. The existing
facilities only for off-site
storage, recovery (limited for
certain SW code only) and
incineration. Scheduled waste
and residue from the facilities
need to be sent out to
Peninsular or Sarawak for
disposal.
Most of scheduled wastes from
domestic are disposed in
1 2 landfill. For example household
1 e-waste. There is no permanent
collection center provided by
NGO or Local Authority in
Sabah since the transportation
4 2 cost for disposal is not
subsidized by Government

The operation of licensed SW 3 3 4

Lack of awareness among
facilities operation are
centralized in Kota Kinabalu public and industries in
and only one facility in scheduled waste management
Sandakan. They have to collect
SW from waste generators in
whole Sabah
40
PICTURE 12: E-WASTE DUMPING AT LANDFILL
PICTURE 13: E-WASTE DUMPING AT LANDFILL
 HOW CAN LOCAL AUTHORITY HELP TO OVERCOME
THESE ISSUES
Closely monitor the landfill
operation by Local Authorities To inform all appointed solid waste
to ensure no scheduled wastes 1 contractors to be licensed by DOE
are disposed into landfill 2 to collect scheduled waste

Establish e-waste collection

To inform the appointed solid waste
Contractors/ Staff to divert the scheduled
wastes collected (if any) to licensed
contractors by DOE
center for public to send their
household e-waste for proper
3 disposal
4
4
Educate the community to
reduce generation of waste,
5 segregation & proper disposal of
schedule waste
 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE THERMAL
TREATMENT PLANT (INCINERATOR)
1. Located at Special Industry
Zone IN(S) with minimum buffer 3. Written Notification for
zone of 500 metres Incinerator under Regulation 5,
(Clean Air) Regulation 2014 - must
2. Prescribed activity under be submitted and approved by
Environmental Order (Prescribed Department of Environment,
Activity)(Environmental Impact Putrajaya
Asessment) 2015

• Schedule 2, Activity 14(b)(i): Solid 4. Any emission from the

Waste –Construction of Thermal
Treatment Plant (Incinerator).
• => Public Display – for comments
• TOR document and EIA Report
must be submitted and approved
by Department of Environment,
Putrajaya
incinerator must comply with limit
values and technical standards
specified in Third Schedule,
Section K, Waste Incinerators in All
Sizes, under Regulation 5,
Environmental (Clean Air)
Regulations 2014.
 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

River Water Quality

Marine/Island Water Quality

Ground Water Quality

Air Quality
 CONCLUSION

• Divert the waste from landfill for reutilization (3R)

• Inform immediately if OB occurs and take necessary
action to control, abate or eliminate the pollution.
• Comply with the requirement under the EQA 1974.

Together, We Are Committed To Protect The Environment.

48
“NEGARAKU, ALAM
SEKITARKU”
“OUR NATION, OUR
ENVIRONMENT”
Thank you.
Email: anies@doe.gov.my
Tel: 088-488166
DOE Hotline: 1-800-88-2727