Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Thesis
Presented to
June 2023
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
As nations develop and their economies grow bigger social problem also
intensity. One great concern deals with peace and order as well as safety and
to the cases of crimes but what is apparent event to the most innocent individuals
is that crimes which foster fear to a lot of people. Knowing its responsibility, the
prevent crimes. One of these innovation is the use of CCTV cameras. A common
goal of most CCTV systems has been the prevention of crime and disorder
through deterrence claims are also made that CCTV provides public reassurance
and therefore reduces fear of crimes which may, in turn, increase the use public
warning the criminal that their unlawful activity will be filmed on cameras.
Therefore, the police can easily arrest them and bring them back to justice. It
helps providing useful evidence for trials and make the prosecution easier. The
conduct the study on CCTV cameras due to the increasing number of violation
done by the community members, the irregularities made by the people around
the
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area, the different person in contact with the premises and various incidents
during events that can be used solved through the aid of CCTV footage. This
study could be used as basis for the improvement of the future generation
technology. In addition, this study was anchored on the concept of how effectives
are CCTV cameras aw fool for community properties safety and security.
Theoretical Framework
increases the perceived or actual risks of offending to a level where the risks
CCTV by setting on the effect of CCTV by setting and type of monitoring in car
crime reduction found for housing, city town centers, public transport and other
areas, In addition the researcher categorized the monitoring style of the CCTV
interventions alert as either active or passive active CCTV system alert police or
security official to potential crime as it take place, whereas passive system simply
record crime, active monitoring style was associated with a statistically significant
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crime. Welsh, Brandon C., Eric L. Piza, Amanda L. Thomas, and David P.
Systematic Review 4(1) 1-73. Further research is also needed to identify and
Conceptual Framework
Crime Prevention at
Effectiveness of CCTV Barangay Rio Hondo
Zamboanga City
disorder through deference. Claim are also make that CCTV provides public
reassurance and therefor reduces fear of crime, which may in turn increase the
use of public space (Bennett & Gelsthore 2010). CCTV has popularly been used
or park. It is also need on streets for monitoring and supervising traffic flows. It’s
and establishment.
CCTV cameras.
2. This study focuses on the CCTV cameras that will be installed within the
area of Barangay Rio Hondo, city of Zamboanga and that will give comfort
to the parents regarding the safety of their child when leaving the house.
Zamboanga City about the use of CCTV as one of the security sources.
4. This study urged to tap with the security of every Rio Hondo residents in
mostly happened.
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Hypothesis
is specifically crime against person and property by recording the scenes that
The study focused on barangay Rio Hondo Zamboanga City. They were
chosen by researchers based on the quantity of businesses (in the public and
commercial sectors) that took use of the service that CCTV could provide. The
1. Barangay hall
2. Public school
4. Market place
5. Private School
The result of the study is considered important for it will enhance the
following.
This study will give them an idea on how to maximize the important of
Closed - Circuit Television system. And to be able to strengthen the security that
they provide
For this study will provide a better understanding on how to manage and
utilize the CCTV camera's use will as the proper installing as the device and for
them to easily coordinate with the low enforcement authorities so that detection
For this studies will provide them necessary information with regard to the
Closed - Circuit Television system as a tool in crime prevention and may serve
this as a guide once new study is conducted with regard to the above mention
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topic.
Residents
effective in preventing crime in their community, and to identify any factors that
Definition of Terms
CCTV - Close Circuit television, it can help to capture any legal or illegal act in
public places.
or system.
basis.
CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
the study as well as the sampling and collect / collection of the respondent
Research Design
functional CCTV in crimes prevention at Rio Hondo with this objective in mind,
methods of research involved collecting data in order to test the answer question
of condition that exist in the book of Calderan and Gonzales (2006) entitled
methods and research and their writing Manuel and model. Defines descriptive
phenomenal the research believe that this design is the most appropriate since
the study involved the collection of data concerning the current States of the
Research Locale
Zamboanga City State College of Marine Science (Fisheries). The research will
Barangay Rio Hondo, which has a total population of 8,827 according to the
latest census data. The study will focus on the perceptions and experiences of
residents regarding the use of CCTV cameras in their community and how it
affects their sense of safety and security. The data collected will be analyzed to
Ultimately, the study aims to provide valuable insights that can inform future
efforts to improve public safety in Barangay Rio Hondo and other similar
communities
Hondo Zamboanga to know their thoughts and Intuitions of the said issue. We
are targeting more or less 20 people to participate in this research and those
under in the age bracket of 18-24, and 35-50 both male and female of legal age.
People ages 18-24 are expected to be single, and for those ages 35-50 will be
brackets to know the side of a parent and on the other hand the young adults
also.
PEOPLE
AGE 18-19
20-21
22-23
24
GENDER Male
And Female
CCTV and Crime Prevention in the Barangay of Rio Hondo Zamboanga City. The
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Agree, Neither Agree nor Disagree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree, completely the
survey questioners includes the responded bio data where (optional) Age,
Validity
and the data collected, and whether the analysis used is appropriate for the
research question.
Reliability
whether the study produces the same results when repeated. It is concerned with
the accuracy of the data, and whether the study can be replicated with the same
results.
Ethical Consideration
they can decide whether or not to join in the research study. First, the
researchers will ask the respondents for formal permission, such as whether it is
okay for them to answer the questionnaire about Effectiveness of CCTV and
respondents. Decision the researchers respect the respondents and will not force
the research should adhere to ethical principles and guidelines to ensure that the
rights and welfare of the participants are protected. the following ethical
must be informed of the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, the risks
and benefits, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time. participants
must be provided with written consent forms that they can sign to indicate their
not be coerced or forced into participating in the study, and they must be given
must not be disclosed to anyone outside the research team. participants must be
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assured that their responses will be kept confidential and that their identity will be
protected. this helps to build trust between the researcher and the participants.
Thirdly, the research must not cause harm to the participants. the use of
cctv cameras in public spaces may raise concerns about privacy and the
potential for discrimination. the researcher must ensure that the participants are
not subjected to any harm or discomfort during the study. additionally, the
researcher must ensure that the data collected is used for the sole purpose of the
Finally, the researcher must ensure that the study is conducted in a fair
and unbiased manner. the researcher must be aware of any potential biases that
may affect the study, and must take steps to mitigate them. The data collected
zamboanga city. by ensuring that the rights and welfare of the participants are
protected, the research can be conducted in a manner that is ethical and socially
responsible.
anytime without giving penalty to the participant. This research follows the
voluntary participation. The data presented in this research will remain private
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and it is the researcher and the participant's privacy that no one can know. Any
dishonesty shall be given ample punishment. This paper was passed and
research study and the role that they play in it. They must be aware of the
research questions being investigated and how their responses will contribute to
the overall findings. They must also understand the potential impact of the
the questions asked of them. They must be honest about their experiences and
perceptions related to the use of CCTV cameras, and must not provide false or
consider their responses, and provide as much detail as possible to ensure that
protect the privacy of themselves and others. This means that they must not
others, and must take steps to ensure that their responses are kept confidential
and secure.
privacy, respondents can help to ensure that the data collected is of high quality
and can be used to inform important decisions about the use of CCTV cameras
in public spaces. To sum it up, respondents has their right to participate or not in
the research. Rest assured that all data all throughout the research will remain
confidential.
the importance of their response to the study and clarified terms for the
respondents, asking them to answer with honesty. The researcher collected and
tallied the data, and sought the help of a statistician to determine the appropriate
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statistical tools and interpret the data. Based on the data, the researcher came
Statistical Tools
analyze the data collected. The specific tool mentioned in the statement is a
for flexibility in the conversation and the ability to gather in-depth information. The
researcher in this study likely used this tool to gather qualitative data from
CHAPTER III
This chapter presents the results of the data gathered from the answers of
the questionnaire distributed at barangay Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City. The data
were presented in tables with tabular form in accordance with specific questions
Table 1
Table 1.1
Profile F %
Male 77 77.0
Sex Female 23 23.0
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According to table 1.1 represents the gender, age and the ethnicity of the
respondents. The highest distribution of the gender has a 77% of the respondent
are male while 23% are the female respondent. This implies that there is more
Table 1.2
Profile F %
Below 20 8 8.0
20 - 29 62 62.0
Age 30 - 39 14 14.0
40 - 49 7 7.0
50 and above 9 9.0
According to Table 1.2, the highest frequency of age group is ranging 20-
29 years old (62%), followed by 30-39 years old (14%), then 50 and above (9%),
and 40-49 years old (7%). therefore, majority of our respondent came from the
Table 1.3
Profile F %
Tausug 73 73.0
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chavacano 1 1.0
Ethnicity
Bisaya 2 2.0
Others 24 24.0
According to table 1.3, Based on the ethnicity there are highest ethnic
came from tausog respondent (73%), followed by other ethnic respondent (24%),
then bisaya respondent (2%), lastly zamboangeño respondent (1%). This also
implies that there are more tausog respondent on barangay Rio Hondo,
Zamboanga City
employed for crime prevention because they enhance the risk of detection and
arrest (Clarke, 1992; Liedka et al., 2019; Welsh & Farrington, 2008), causing
potential offenders to weigh the risks and advantages of offending. The scientific
some research stating that these systems are effective in reducing crime (Brown,
1995; Lai et al., 2019), and the majority having mixed results (Armitage, 2002;
Caplan et al., 2011; La Vigne et al., 2011; Liedka et al., 2019; Lim et al., 2016;
Phillips, 1999; Piza, 2018; Piza et al., 2014;Ratcliffe et al., 2009). In terms of
preventing property crimes, one city case study in China discovered that
surveillance cameras influence street robbers' crime location choice, even though
the guardianship effect of ambient population (i.e., people who live or work near
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cameras.
Table 2
Mean Remarks
Response
Parents are calm upon waiting their child to come home at 4.88 Very High
night
CCTV is helpful in all aspects 4.73 Very High
CCTV helps solving crimes simpler. 4.71 Very High
If there’s a crime, the suspect shall easily be identified 4.69 Very High
CCTV is good to keep eye over the areas 4.63 Very High
No mankind incident because of the CCTV 4.62 Very High
CCTV makes the residents because of the CCTV 4.61 Very High
Lessen crimes will be recorded if there is CCTV 4.58 Very High
Installing CCTV makes people frightened to do terrible 4.55 Very High
things.
Feel safe if every road in your neighborhood had CCTV 4.55 Very High
No grudge in going out late at night because of the CCTV 4.53 Very High
CCTV can be used as evidence 4.53 Very High
CCTV makes people’s lives easier 4.52 Very High
Confident enough that if a crime occurs the offender will 4.51 Very High
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Table 2 shows the level of effectiveness of the CCTV in crime prevention among
the residents of Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City. A grand mean of 4.57 (Strongly Agree-
Very High) implies that CCTV is effective in crime prevention, helps the community to
solve crimes. This implies that CCTV is highly effective in crime prevention especially
against person and property by recording the scenes that can help in solving the crime
and also it has a strong impact on security and safety in the community.
residents of Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City have a high level of confidence in the
surveillance system's ability to deter criminal activities and enhance overall safety. The
presence of CCTV cameras likely acts as a deterrent to potential offenders, knowing that
their actions are being monitored and recorded. This sense of surveillance can contribute
greater sense of trust and cooperation with law enforcement agencies. Overall, the strong
valuable tool for enhancing public safety and facilitating the resolution of criminal
incidents.
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According to Piza and colleagues (2019) conducted a new review of the literature
to update a meta-analysis by Welsh and Farrington (2008) that looked at the effects of
searched for CCTV evaluations published between 2007 and 2017 to account for the
period since the last review (which covered evaluations completed in 2006 and earlier).
and unpublished reports were included in the search, which was not limited to the English
Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following four criteria: 1)
CCTV was the main focus of the intervention; 2) the evaluation used an outcome
measures of crime in treatment and comparable control areas; and 4) both treatment and
prevention among residents of Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City when their profile is
considered?
Table 3
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Table 3 shows that in terms of sex among the residents of Rio Hondo, Zamboanga
City, the male respondent has a higher mean response (4.61) than the female respondent
(4.45). Statistics also show that t- value has 1.766 while p- value has 0.081. This shows
that there is difference in terms of the sex of the respondents and their preferences. This
means that the null hypothesis is discredited and means are significantly different.
The difference in mean responses between male and female respondents in Rio
Hondo, Zamboanga City suggests that there is a variation in their preferences. The t-
value of 1.766 indicates that the difference between the means is statistically significant.
Additionally, the p-value of 0.081 suggests that there is an 8.1% chance of observing
such a difference in means by random chance alone. Therefore, we can reject the null
hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference in preferences between male
and female respondents in terms of sex in Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City, based on the data
presented in.
2007a;Prenzler & Wilson, 2019) or other census based units (e.g., Park et al.,
2012;Vilalta et al., 2019), buffer zones surrounding the location of each studied
camera (e.g., King et al., 2008;Lim et al., 2016), and view sheds representing the
television (CCTV) for preventing crime, but little on its value as an investigative
tool. This study sought to establish how often CCTV provides useful evidence
British Transport Police that occurred on the British railway network between
2011 and 2015. CCTV was available to investigators in 45% of cases and judged
to be useful in 29% (65% of cases in which it was available). Useful CCTV was
associated with significantly increased chances of crimes being solved for all
crime types except drugs/weapons possession and fraud. Images were more
likely to be available for more-serious crimes, and less likely to be available for
investigative tool for many types of crime. The usefulness of CCTV is limited by
several factors, most notably the number of public areas not covered. Several
Table 4
Table 4 shows in terms of age, 50 years old and above and 30-39 years old has
highest mean response of 4.63, followed by 40-49 years old has 4.61, 20-29 years old has
4.55. Then below 20 years old has 4.50. Statistic show that f- value contain 0.252 while
p- value has 0.908. This indicate that they are not significant different in terms of age of
the respondent.
in reducing crime suffers from potential threats to causal validity. This paper
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reviews seven studies that address some of these problems using the rigorous
reported changes in total crime found crime reductions ranging from 24 to 28% in
public streets and urban subway stations, but no desirable effects in parking
Table 5
their Ethnicity
Table 5 shows that the highest means response base on ethnicity was others ethnic
has 4.78, followed by the Tausug ethnic has 4.51, bisaya ethnic has 4.40, then Chavacano
has 4.27. Statistics show that f- value has 3.709 while p- value shows 0.014. This means
that the null hypothesis is discredited, and means that they are significantly different.
Therefore, the results of the statistical analysis indicate that there are significant
differences in the mean responses based on ethnicity. The highest mean response was
observed among individuals belonging to the "others" ethnic group, with a mean score of
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4.78. This was followed by the Tausug ethnic group, which had a mean score of 4.51.
The Bisaya ethnic group had a slightly lower mean score of 4.40, while the Chavacano
ethnic group had the lowest mean score of 4.27. These findings suggest that the ethnic
by the statistically significant F-value of 3.709 and a p-value of 0.014, which discredits
natural limit on the analysis of camera footage. But, with digital tools of analysis,
location. Some may only provide real time information, while others may record
information for further analysis" (Duncan, 2018a: 32) But the danger of such
announced a major upgrade to its existing CCTV camera network system - one
that they said would use smart technology, including automatic number plate and
intelligent facial recognition - in the Central Business District and would be rolled
out in other public spaces as the system was expanded in order to keep law and
order (Duncan, 2018a:56). But by the end of 2017, the City Council had not yet
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enacted the necessary bylaw requiring that signage alerting the public to the
system was installed - a legal measure and key privacy protection requirement.
In 2018, the City Council was still in the process of finalizing a policy on the roll-
out of CCTV, coupled with a master safety and security plan. At this stage, it was
pointed out that, although the policy was at a draft stage, the technology had run
ahead of the policy. For instance, the new modified ANPR systems allow the
and then further link the vehicle to SAPS crime databases if it has been used in a
crime.
Summary of findings
prevention among the resident of Barangay Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City. The
number of target respondent in barangay Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City met our
criteria. 100 respondent participate and has their own responds. This study
sought to answer the following: (1) Demographic profile: Age, Sex and Ethnicity;
The highest distribution of the gender has a 77% of the respondent are
male while 23% are the female respondent. The highest frequency of age group
is ranging 20-29 years old (62%), followed by 30-39 years old (14%), then 50 and
above (9%), and 40-49 years old (7%). Based on the ethnicity there are highest
ethnic came from tausog respondent (73%), followed by other ethnic respondent
(24%), then bisaya respondent (2%), the lowest zamboangeño respondent (1%).
prevention among sex of the respondent. The male respondent has a higher
mean response (4.61) while the female respondent has (4.45). Statistics also
prevention among age of the respondent. At the age of 50 years old and above
and 30-39 years old has highest mean response of 4.63. The lowest was below
20 years old has 4.50. Statistic show that f- value contain 0.252 while p- value
has 0.908,
prevention among ethnicity of the respondent. The highest means response base
on ethnicity was others ethnic has 4.78 and the lowest was zamboangeño has
4.27. Statistics show that f- value has 3.709 while p- value shows 0.014.
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CHAPTER IV
This chapter presents conclusion and recommendation derived from the results and
CONCLUSION
at barangay Rio Hondo, Zamboanga City. With the significant finding of the
study, the following conclusion were, the majority of the respondent comes from
the community of Rio Hondo are male participant and at the age of 20-29 years
old and the leading ethnicity is tausog. They also conclude that CCTV cameras
are highly effective tool in preventing crime in their barangay. CCTV also helps
and useful to traffic violation, crimes and can use it as evidences against it.
Majority of the respondent suggest to install CCTV around the barangay to make
people feel safe and prevent crimes. CCTV defer some criminal to committing
crime in and around the area, but it can use as physical security and safety in the
community. This implies that CCTV is highly effective in crime prevention especially
31
against person and property by recording the scenes that can help in solving the crime
and also it has a strong impact on security and safety in the community.
RECOMMENDATION
the following:
recorded information to identification of the person, the vehicle involved and the
crime scene. The government may also hire some personnel to monitor the
the public aware of it. This study can be helpful to give idea on the barangay
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Piza, E. L., Welsh, B. C., Farrington, D. P., & Thomas, A. M. (2019c). CCTV
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