Semi Final 3rd Presentor Research

Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University

Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Telefax No. 086-212-5132
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
In this rapidly evolving technological era, the issue of security has become
a pressing concern for many communities across the globe. As crime rates
continue to rise, various measures have been taken to ensure the safety of
residents. One of these measures includes the implementation of Closed-Circuit
Television (CCTV) surveillance systems. CCTV surveillance has become an
indispensable tool for crime prevention and public safety worldwide. As a result,
numerous cities and communities have implemented such systems to ensure the
security of their residents.
Additionally, some individuals perceive it as a necessary step

towards a safer community supporting the idea that CCTV cameras act as a
deterrent to potential criminals. The visible presence of cameras in public spaces
provided a sense of accountability, making individuals think twice before
engaging in illegal activities. this consequently reduces the occurrence of crimes,
making communities safer for residents. In line with this, the camera footage also
serves as valuable evidence in solving crimes which aids in identifying criminals
and ultimately leading to higher rates of successful prosecutions.
Consequently, in numerous instances, CCTV footage has been

instrumental in identifying and convicting criminals involved in assault, and even
terrorism. Additionally, research has consistently shown a significant decrease in
crime rates in areas covered by CCTV surveillance. The evidence
overwhelmingly supports the effectiveness in deterring crimes and assisting law
enforcement in solving cases. It plays a vital role in solving criminal cases by
providing critical evidence and increasing the chances of speedy justice.
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Nonetheless, some argue that CCTV surveillance invades individual’s

privacy. The installation of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance in
communities has sparked ongoing debates and discussions regarding its
effectiveness and impact on privacy. There are residents who express concerns
and reservations about the implementation of CCTV surveillance. Their
apprehensions revolve around issues of privacy invasion and potential abuse of
power. They fear that their movement and actions would be constantly
scrutinized, leading to a loss of personal freedom and autonomy. Many felt
uncomfortable with the thought of constantly being watched and questioned
whether the authorities might misuse the recorded footage.
Similarly, it is evident that the implementation of CCTV surveillance

brought about a range of perceptions among the local residents. There are
various studies have highlighted differing viewpoints on this topic. The studies
revealed that a majority of residents recognized the positive impact of CCTV
surveillance on crime reduction, the knowledge that their actions are being
monitored and they are aware that their chances caught are heightened.
However, it highlighted the need for clear guidelines and regulations to address
concerns related to privacy invasion.
Added to that, even though CCTV cameras are becoming common, some
people don’t know much about how it is effective in smaller, close communities,
like Cantilan. Surigao del Sur is a peaceful town known for its natural beauty and
friendly residents. Yet, many recent incidents of crime have raised concerns
among the community. With the town experiencing a steady increase in criminal
activities over the years, including thefts, burglaries, and vandalism, etc. The
town council introduced CCTV surveillance as a proactive approach to deter,
monitor, and potentially identify offenders within the community. But then,
Cantilan has stirred a considerable amount of conflicting opinions among
residents.
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The aforementioned studies present knowledge about residents’

perceptions in the installation of CCTV surveillance. Apart from that, the
researchers firmly believe that studying the perceptions of local residents about
the implementation of CCTV cameras, specifically in Cantilan is crucial. In
connection, there was no study conducted about the perceptions in the
implementation of CCTV that is primarily focus on detection, deterrence, and fear
reduction. Thus, the researchers will study the local residents’ perceptions in the
implementation of CCTV surveillance in Cantilan in relation to detection,
deterrence, and fear reduction. This study also aims to determine the
significance difference between the respondents’ profile and the perceptions in
the implementation of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) of local residents in
Cantilan Surigao del Sur.
Theoretical Framework
This study is grounded in the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)

theory and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). These theoretical
frameworks provide valuable insights into understanding how local residents
perceive and interact with the implementation of CCTV surveillance in Cantilan.
The SCOT theory, proposed by Pinch and Bijker, suggests that

technology is not a fixed entity but is shaped by social processes. In the context
of this study, it means that the perception of CCTV surveillance in Cantilan is not
solely determined by the technology itself but by how the local community
collectively constructs its meaning.
The TAM, developed by Davis, explores the factors that influence the
adoption and acceptance of technology. It comprises two main components:
a. Perceived Usefulness: Residents' perception of how CCTV surveillance

enhances security and safety in Cantilan.
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b. Perceived Ease of Use: The ease with which residents can

interact with and benefit from the CCTV system
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Demographic
information about Questionnaires on Proposed
the local residents Local Residents’ Monitoring System
Perceptions in the using CCTV
including:
Implementation of Camera
1.1 Age CCTV Surveillance
related to
1.2 Employment Deterrence,
Status Detection, and
1.3 Sex Fear Reduction
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study
The flow of the study is presented through a schematic diagram, which is

embedded in the preceding theories and concepts relevant to the study at hand.
This schema indicates the relationship among variables.
Figure 1 describes the conceptual framework of the study wherein the

input consists of the demographic profile of the respondents. The process
includes the questionnaire on local residents’ perceptions in the implementation
of CCTV surveillance related to deterrence, detection and fear reduction. Finally,
the output will contain the plan for the proposed monitoring system.
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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the local residents’ perception in the

implementation of CCTV surveillance in terms of detection, deterrence, and fear
reduction.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :

1.1 Age
1.2 Employment Status
1.3 Sex
2. What are the local residents’ perception in the implementation of CCTV
surveillance in terms of:
1.1 Detection
1.2 Deterrence
1.3 Fear reduction
3. Is there a significant difference between the respondents’ profile and
perception in the implementation of CCTV surveillance?
Hypothesis
H0 : There is a significant difference between the respondents’ profile

and the perception of local residents in the implementation of CCTV surveillance.
Significance of the Study
The researchers believe that the results are expected to give a positive
contribution and accurate information about a study on perception of local
residents in the implementation of CCTV. The results of this investigation are
beneficial to the following:
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Local Residents. This empowers them to contribute to the decision-

making process and advocate for measures that align with their expectations
and concerns.
Local Authorities. This allows local authorities to make informed

decisions about its implementation to address the specific needs and
preferences of the residents.
Local Law Enforcers. This provides them with a valuable understanding

of the public’s perspective on the security measure, and can assist in identifying
areas of concern of the residents.
Future Researchers. This can have a substantial impact on future

researchers in the same field. The findings of this study can serve as the
foundation for conducting further investigations and developing comprehensive
frameworks.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is focus on determining the perception in the implementation of

CCTV camera related with detection, deterrence, and fear reduction of local
residents residing at Purok 2, Pag-antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur.
Definition of Terms
To ensure clarity of terms used in this study, the researchers provided

conceptual definitions for a better understanding. This study employs different
terms with specific meanings, including:
CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television). A surveillance system that uses

cameras to capture video footage of a specific area or location.
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Implementation. Refers to the process of putting a plan or system into

action. It involves executing a set of activities or steps to achieve a specific goal.
Local Residents. Individuals who live in a specific geographic area or

locality, often characterized by their regular and sustained presence in that
community.
Perception. Refers to the process by which individuals interpret and make

sense of sensory information from their environment.
Surveillance. Refers to the systematic monitoring of people, places, or

activities to gather information, manage, and protect.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter introduces the literature and studies that the researchers
have explored to highlight the significance of the current study. It also provides a
summary to help readers better understand the research and grasp the study's
details more effectively.
Related Literature
Foreign
According to the literature of Emily Robinson (2016), stated that CCTV

cameras are used only in high profile events. Indeed, this may be the fact in the
days to come. They are made compulsory by government as to avoid any
miscreant's problems and untowardly incidents. These modern-day tools if
properly put into use can do wonders in the area of security. This article is related
to the present study because the researchers believe that CCTV is a very useful
tool to solve problems in the society because it serves as credible evidence.
Moreover, Andy J. Thompson (2018) stated that UK has more CCTV

camera coverage than any other country. A recent study examined the
effectiveness of UK security cameras as it pertains to crime prevention. CCTV is
clearly an effective deterrence to criminal activity. It was also stated that CCTV
video is often used in police investigations and the writer believes that most
people are convinced of the effectiveness of video surveillance and may even
feel a certain amount of comfort in knowing that it adds to their sense of personal
safety and they understand that their chances of being a victim of crime are
reduced when they find themselves in an area monitored with CCTV cameras.
In relation to the present study, the researchers believe that CCTV is a

very effective tool to distinguish criminals and secure public places. Lester J.
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Hester's (2019), stated that CCTV is highly useful for crime prevention as it
increases the chance of the perpetrator being caught, aiding police
investigations, preventing theft from the till, proving innocence by sense of
protecting and defending the people in any accusations, but CCTV does not
always work in proper system. It could not display every single square of your
office, banks, stores, and other areas. Although you set the location of the
system in a very careful way, you still cannot get total guarantee of security level.
Besides, this article is related to the present study because it gives the
people the information that CCTV doesn't only have its advantages because at
some point it also has its disadvantages. On the other hand, Emily Robinson
(2015), stated that CCTV surveillance is not only a great way to catch
perpetrators after your property has been broken into, but also a perfect way to
prevent them from breaking. This therefore means that if some criminals might
actually be put off of the thought of trying to break into your property and this in
turn would mean that your belongings were kept.
In relation to the present study, the researchers believe that the use of
CCTV camera is a very effective way to gain safety and security from criminal
actions. This corresponds to Dave Wilkinson (2018), stated that CCTV plays an
important role in the security of public, in using CCTV it can identify offenders
and use it as evidence in the criminal justice system. Dave Wilkinson stated that
CCTV is playing a supportive role as part of jigsaw of evidence which may then
culminate in convictions. This article is related to the present study because it
can give assurance that using a CCTV that we are safe and it can be use this as
evidence to the victims.
Additionally, national plans and policies suggested video surveillance

installations in residential areas across the country Cabinet Secretariat (2018);
National Police Agency (2014). In residential areas, the negative aspects of
CCTV privacy and personal data violation should have greater impact than in city
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centers. The current acceptance level of CCTV installation in residential areas,

despite such negative aspects, is not only due to the development of CCTV
technology, but also due to a change in public attitudes. In Bennett and
Gelsthorpe (1996) reported that the public generally supported the installation of
CCTV in city centers in England, that their perception of disorder was associated
with their support, and that it was believed to be effective in deterring and
catching offenders.
Furthermore, most studies reported high public support for CCTV

installation (Heumann et al., 2016), listing fear reduction, crime or disorder
reduction, and police utilization as its positive aspects. Public attitudes toward the
negative aspects of CCTV have also been surveyed. In the above survey, 12–19
% of respondents replied that CCTV was an invasion of privacy. In a telephone
interview with 1000 members of the Swedish public, 90 % of respondents
thought positively about CCTV in the public space, while 16 % agreed that it was
a privacy violation. However, the structure of public attitudes toward these
positive and negative aspects of CCTV has not been fully elucidated.
Additionally, most studies on public attitudes toward CCTV have focused on
areas with relatively high crime risks, such as city centers and nightlife districts
and few studies have focused on residential areas Bennett & Gelsthorpe (2016);
Brands et al. (2016).
Local
An in-depth investigation in urban areas of the Philippines, revealing that

residents perceived CCTV as a valuable tool for both deterring criminal activities
and aiding in the detection of incidents. The study employed qualitative
interviews and surveys to capture the nuanced views of residents, emphasizing
the role of CCTV in fostering a sense of security and vigilance within the
community conducted by Santos (2019).
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Moreover, Garcia and Reyes (2018) took a community-oriented approach

in their research, examining the impact of community-based CCTV initiatives on
fear reduction. Through a participatory action research framework, the study
engaged residents and local authorities in collaborative efforts to enhance
security. Findings indicated that such initiatives not only contributed to fear
reduction but also strengthened the bonds among community members, fostering
a shared responsibility for neighborhood safety.
Additionally, Lim's (2020) study shifted the focus to the dynamics of

community engagement in maximizing the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance.
By employing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus group
discussions, the research underscored the significance of involving residents in
decision-making processes related to surveillance strategies. Lim's findings
highlighted that community participation not only improved the deployment of
CCTV systems but also instilled a sense of ownership and responsibility among
residents, thereby enhancing the overall impact on security.
Nevertheless, Alonzo et al. (2017) delved into the visibility of CCTV

cameras and its correlation with residents' sense of security. Using observational
methods and surveys, the study assessed the placement of cameras in various
urban settings. The results suggested that prominently placed cameras in public
spaces contributed significantly to a heightened feeling of safety among
residents. This study provided insights into the physical placement of surveillance
technology and its psychological impact on community members.
Specifically, Martinez's (2021) research explored the role of public

awareness campaigns in shaping residents' perceptions of CCTV systems. By
employing a mixed-methods design involving surveys and content analysis, the
study investigated the effectiveness of informational campaigns in influencing
residents' attitudes toward surveillance. Martinez found that informed
communities tended to exhibit more positive attitudes, emphasizing the
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importance of transparent communication in fostering trust and acceptance of

CCTV technology among residents.
Related Studies
Foreign
According to the study of Smith et al.'s (2016) research in the United

States delved into the deterrent effects of CCTV in urban areas. Employing a
longitudinal design and surveys, the study found a significant correlation between
the presence of CCTV cameras and a decrease in reported criminal activities.
Residents perceived CCTV as a deterrent, contributing to an increased sense of
safety and a reduction in fear within public spaces.
Furthermore, Johnson and Lee's (2020) study in South Korea focused on

public attitudes towards the effectiveness of CCTV surveillance. Through a
combination of interviews and surveys, the research investigated residents'
perceptions of the impact of surveillance on deterring criminal activities and
reducing fear. The findings revealed a positive correlation; residents who
perceived CCTV as effective tended to report a heightened sense of security and
lower levels of fear in their communities.
Additionally, Garcia et al. (2017) conducted a study in Spain to explore the

utilization of CCTV in urban safety strategies. Using a mixed-methods approach,
including qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, the research examined
how residents in urban settings perceived the role of CCTV in deterring antisocial
behavior. The study found that residents associated the presence of surveillance
cameras with an enhanced perception of safety, contributing to the overall well-
being of the community.
In addition, Brown and Johnson's (2018) research in the United Kingdom

shifted the focus to the instrumental role of CCTV systems in criminal detection.
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The research, combining case studies and interviews, highlighted the significant
impact of surveillance footage in aiding law enforcement investigations.
Residents perceived CCTV as a valuable tool not only for deterring crime but
also for contributing to the identification and apprehension of individuals involved
in criminal activities.
Moreover, Taylor et al.'s (2019) study in Australia examined the community

impact of CCTV surveillance in residential neighborhoods. Through a mixed-
methods approach involving surveys and focus group discussions, the research
explored how residents perceived the presence of CCTV cameras in enhancing
community safety. The findings indicated that CCTV contributed to residents'
overall sense of security and played a crucial role in deterring potential criminal
activities. Residents felt empowered by the visual presence of surveillance,
fostering a cooperative atmosphere in ensuring community safety.
As well as, Jones et al.'s (2018) longitudinal study in the United States
examined the impact of Instagram use on body image perceptions. Although not
directly related to CCTV surveillance, the study is relevant as it explores the
psychological impact of technology on individuals. By utilizing surveys and
content analysis, the research demonstrated a significant association between
frequent use of Instagram and negative body image perceptions among
adolescents. This broader perspective on the psychological impact of technology
contributes to the understanding of potential ramifications associated with
surveillance technologies.
Local
According to the study of Celia V. Sanidad-Leones (2017), which stated

that developing and maintaining safe communities, be they urban or rural, is
central to the issue of good governance. An indicator of success of crime
prevention programs are their perceived effects on peace and order. This study is
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related because one of the functions of CCTV is to prevent crimes in order to

maintain the security of a certain area people and objects clearly, at least three
times better than the conventional CCTV camera with a 10x digital zoom.
In relation to the present study, the researchers believe that as days

passed by technology get bigger and better. CCTV cameras improve its qualities
in order to solve crimes faster than before. Moreover, Karen Boncocan (2018)
issued in Philippine Daily Inquirer stated that CCTV cameras of a bank in
Quezon City was robbed Friday recorded the crime carried out by 15 heavily
armed men and the relation to the present study, CCTV can easily determine the
people who commit crimes that serves as evidence against them.
On the other hand, Rio Rose Ribaya (2018) issue of Manila Bulletin stated
that Cavite representative proposed the installation of closed-circuit television
(CCTV) camera on public vehicles, terminals and stops offer public safety and
prevent another repeat of the terrorist attack.
Moreover, to the present study, the researchers believe that the used of
CCTV camera is helpful in monitoring and solving crimes. In the relation to the
present study, the researchers believe that CCTV cameras would be a useful
way to record evidence against crimes. Julie Alipala (2015) issue of Philippine
Daily Inquirer stated that the city government installed closed circuit television
(CCTV) cameras in the seaport, market areas and in the main business areas
where banks and other commercial establishments and government offices worth
2.5 million pesos." In relation to the present study, the researchers believe that
CCTV cameras are effective tools in securing certain area.
Synthesis
The comprehensive review of foreign and local literature, along with

related studies, reveals insights into residents' perceptions of CCTV surveillance.
The studies underscore the various role of CCTV in urban safety, addressing
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key dimensions such as deterrence, fear reduction, and detection. Moreover, the
foreign literature, particularly exemplified by Smith et al.'s (2016) research in the
United States, establishes a strong link between the presence of CCTV cameras
and a notable decrease in reported criminal activities. This finding aligns with the
local studies, such as Santos (2019) in the Philippines, emphasizing the
perceived value of CCTV in both deterring crimes and aiding in the detection of
incidents.
However, the synthesis also highlights notable gaps in the existing

literature. Despite the collective emphasis on the positive outcomes of CCTV
implementation, there is a discernible absence of studies that explore the socio-
cultural factors influencing residents' perceptions. The studies, while rich in
uncovering the benefits of CCTV, fall short in addressing the potential variations
in perceptions based on cultural contexts, community dynamics, or other
demographic factors. This gap presents an opportunity for further exploration to
ensure a nuanced understanding of how residents from diverse backgrounds
interpret and respond to the presence of surveillance technology.
Hence, the synthesis of the literature and studies provides a

comprehensive overview of residents' perceptions of CCTV surveillance. While
existing research highlights the positive impact on deterrence, fear reduction, and
detection, there is room for further exploration, particularly in understanding
cultural variations and the long-term community effects. This study aims to
address these gaps by examining residents' perceptions in Cantilan.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design and the methodology of the
research conducted. This encompasses discussions on the research design,
location, participants, sampling techniques, data collection procedures,
instruments used, and the statistical treatment of data that will be used to
analyze and interpret the data gathered.
Research Design
The study will utilize a quantitative research approach to investigate the

perception of the local residents in the implementation of CCTV surveillance,
specifically focusing on their age, employment status, and sex. So, to gather
data for analysis, the researchers utilized survey questionnaires. These
questionnaires merge with the Likert Scale method, allowing participants to
provide feedback and rate their perceptions on various factors. The use of this
quantitative approach enables the researchers to collect structured and
quantifiable data, facilitating thorough analysis and interpretation of the
participants' responses. The findings obtained through this method played a
crucial role in addressing the research inquiries of the study and provided
valuable insights for shaping key messages related to the proposed intervention.
Research Locale
The research will be conduct within the municipality of Cantilan,

specifically at Purok 2, Pag-antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. This
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locale is choose as the primary site for data collection due to its relevance to the
study's objectives and its representative nature, making it a suitable setting for
investigating the research questions.
Population and Sampling
The researchers will employ stratified random sampling method as the

approach for selecting participants. This method ensures that each individual
within the defined area has an equal opportunity to be part of the study. By
employing stratified random sampling, the study seeks to obtain unbiased
representation of the local community’s view and perspectives on the
implementation of CCTV Surveillance.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study are the residents located in Purok 2, Pag-
antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The study targets a sample of 40
respondents within the locale of Purok 4, Pag-antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del
Sur, where random sampling method employed. This method was chosen for it
best suited on the research goals. To ensure a balanced and representative
perspective, the researchers aimed to collect responses from a total of 40
respondents.
To delve into different viewpoints, researchers categorized the

respondents based on specific criteria. This included age, with 5 respondents
within the 18-35 years old, another 5 between 36-60 years old, and an additional
5 who were 61 years old and above. To understand potential sex differences in
perceptions, the researchers included 5 males and 5 females respondents.
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Furthermore, we considered employment status, including 5 respondents

who were employed, and 5 who were unemployed. This diverse selection
allowed researchers to capture a range of perspectives.
In conclusion, all 40 respondents took part in this study by providing their

opinions on the implementation of CCTV surveillance in Cantilan.
Research Instrument
The researchers used researchers-made survey questionnaire to gather

the data needed. In conducting the study, the researchers convey survey among
respondents involved in this study. The study utilized 40 survey questionnaires,
which consisted of three parts. The first part focused on the respondents’ profile
such as their age, gender, and employment status. The second part contained
questions related to deterrence, detection, and fear reduction. The researcher-
made survey questionnaires are also pretested for validity and reliability before
the survey schedule. For this reason, the researchers chose a panel of experts to
review the questionnaire for accuracy and validity.
Data Collection/ Data Gathering Procedure
First, researchers received formal permission from the Campus Director

and the Barangay Captain of Pag-antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur to conduct
the study within their institution. Second, researchers also provided a consent
form to the participants before beginning the research to ensure it was done
ethically. The participants agreed to take part in the study by signing the consent
form.
Moreover, the study focused on understanding the participants’ perception

about implementation of CCTV surveillance, specifically in detection, deterrence,
and fear reduction. After collecting the questionnaires, researchers carefully
analyzed the data. To help with this, researchers worked with a skilled statistician
who organized the data effectively.
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To sum up, the information gathered formed the foundation for identifying
and creating potential solutions to understand residents' perceptions on the
implementation of CCTV Surveillance. This thorough approach, combining
careful data collection and expert analysis, was crucial in achieving the research
goals and contributing to the community.
Data Analysis Plan/Statistical Treatment of Data
This study employed different tools to analyze and interpret the gathered
data, including representing the demographic profile of the respondents using
statistical methods.
First, the researcher will use Likert Scale, where it marks their level of
agreement, ranging from 'Strongly Agree' to 'Strongly Disagree.' This method
enables the researchers to comprehensively explore and analyze their
perceptions regarding the implementation of CCTV surveillance, specifically in
terms of detection, deterrence, and fear reduction. By thoughtfully selecting and
categorizing respondents, researchers aimed to ensure that the study
represents a broad cross-section of local residents' viewpoints.
Second, the frequency percentage distribution, where it is a way to

represent the distribution of values in a data set by showing the percentage of
observations that fall into different categories or ranges. With this tool will be
used to obtain the average rating for data on the profile, specifically by age,
employment status, and gender.
Third, in analyzing and interpreting the residents' perceptions in the

implementation of CCTV surveillance regarding to detection, deterrence, and fear
reduction, the calculation of weighted mean will be utilized to get the respective
mean of the given data set.
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Lastly, researchers also used the T-test method, a parametric test of

difference. This was used to determine if there is a significant difference between
respondents' profiles and perceptions in the implementation of CCTV
surveillance.
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UiLpHM5T%2fi7UODcyyDOH%2f7Q%3d
%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=log
in.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype
%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d1309954X%26AN%3d111215336
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramil-Arante/publication/
334451985_Surveillance_Camera_Provision_for_Tricycles_in_Cabadbaran_City
_Its_Perceived_Effects_in_Passengers'_Safety_and_Security/links/
5d2b11a8a6fdcc2462de27fd/Surveillance-Camera-Provision-for-Tricycles-in-
Cabadbaran-City-Its-Perceived-Effects-in-Passengers-Safety-and-Security.pdf
APPENDICES
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Appendix A
Research Questionnaire
PART I. Profile of the Respondents
Name: (Optional)
Please indicate your sex:

Male
Female
Please indicate your employment status:

Student
Employed
Unemployed
Please indicate your age group:

18-35 years old
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36-60 years old

61 and above years of age
PART II. Survey Questionnaires
Directions: Kindly tick (√) the box that corresponds to your answer in
each statement.
The numbers correspond to the following:
5 – Strongly Effective
4 – Very Effective
3 – Moderately Effective
2– Slightly Effective
1 – Not Effective at all
Not
Strongly Very Moderately Slightly
Questions Effective
Effective Effective Effective Effective
at all
1. How do you
perceive the
role of CCTV
surveillance in
aiding
detection?
2. How
effective do
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you think
CCTV
surveillance is
in deterring
criminal
activities?
3. To what
degree do you
believe CCTV
surveillance
reduces fear
among local
residents?
Appendix B
Letter to the Dean
November 24, 2023
Dear DEAN BAZAN,
Greetings!
This is to ask permission from your office that we, Renz Mikko S.
Arreza, Kenneth C. Buscagan, Jojie Jayme G. Enaya, Rovel R.
Murillo, Jhanisa G. Paronda, Kent M. Mission, and Limuel E. Umapas
students of the Department of Criminology be allowed to conduct our
study entitled “The Perception of Local Residents in the
Implementation of Closed-Circuit Television Surveillance in Cantilan”.
The objective of the study is to determine the perception in the
implementation of CCTV surveillance related with detection,
deterrence, and fear reduction of local residents residing at Pag-
antayan, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur.
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Telefax No. 086-212-5132
__________________________________________________________________________
We guarantee that whatever information gathered will be used only

for the purpose of the study and be treated with utmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much and we hope for your kind approval.
Sincerely Yours,
The Researchers
Noted by: Approved by:
Mary Grace Cadenas Laurence Bazan

Research Instructor DEAN
Department of Criminology Department of Criminology
Appendix C
Letter to the PNP Chief
November 24, 2023
PMAJ REMILI T YPARRAGUIRE

Chief of Police
Philippine National Police
Cantilan, Headquarter
Dear PMAJ YPARRAGUIRE,

We hope this letter finds you well. This is to ask permission from your
office that we, Renz Mikko S. Arreza, Kenneth C. Buscagan, Jojie Jayme G.
Enaya, Rovel R. Murillo, Jhanisa G. Paronda, Kent M. Mission, and Limuel
E. Umapas are currently undertaking a research study entitled "The Perception
of Local Residents in the Implementation of Closed-Circuit Television
(CCTV) in Cantilan."
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Telefax No. 086-212-5132
__________________________________________________________________________
Our research aims to gather valuable insights into the community's

perception of the implementation of CCTV systems in Cantilan. This study is vital
in understanding the impact of such security measures on local residents and
enhancing overall safety and security in the area.
We kindly request your support and cooperation in facilitating our research

by allowing us to conduct interviews or surveys with the community. We believe
that the perspectives of local residents are crucial in providing a comprehensive
understanding of the effectiveness and challenges associated with the CCTV
implementation.
Moreover, we assure you that all information obtained during the study will
be treated with the utmost confidentiality, and our research findings will be
shared with your office for your reference.
Thank you for considering our request. We look forward to contributing

valuable insights to the improvement of community safety in Cantilan.
Sincerely Yours,
The Researchers
Noted by: Approved by:
Mary Grace Cadenas PMAJREMILI T. YPARRAGUIRE

Research Instructor Chief of Police
Department of Criminology Cantilan Headquarter
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CURRICULUM VITAE
RENZ MIKKO S. ARREZA

Patong-patong, Madrid, Surigao del Sur
09974564501
renzarreza10@gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 21
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Christian
Date of Birth : September 10, 2002
Place of Birth : Madrid, Surigao del Sur
Father’s Name : Elmer D. Arreza
Mother’s Name : Mary Ann S. Arreza
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Education
Elementary : Patong-patong, Elementary School

Graduated 2016
Secondary : Madrid, National High School
Graduated 2021
Tertiary : North Eastern Mindanao State University
Undergraduate 2023
CURRICULUM VITAE
KENNETH C. BUSCAGAN
Maygatasan, Bayugan, Agusan del Sur
09476241763
kennethgussiched@gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 22
Gender : Male
Religion : Roman Catholic
Date of Birth : January 24, 2001
Place of Birth : Bayugan, Agusan del Sur
Father’s Name : Mario M. Buscagan
Mother’s Name : Irene C. Buscagan
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Education
Elementary : Aguinaldo Learning Center

Graduated 2016
Secondary : Father Saturnino Urios College
Graduated 2021
Undergraduate 2023
CURRICULUM VITAE
JOJIE JAYME G. ENAYA

San Isidro, Gigaquit, Surigao del Norte
09165911746
enayajojie@gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 24
Gender : Male
Date of Birth : June 13, 1999
Place of Birth : San Isidro, Gigaquit, Surigao del Norte
Father’s Name : Benigno G. Enaya
Mother’s Name : Teofila J. Enaya
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Telefax No. 086-212-5132
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Education
Elementary : San Isidro, Elementary School

Graduated 2016
Secondary : Claver, National High School
Graduated 2021
Undergraduate 2023
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Telefax No. 086-212-5132
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CURRICULUM VITAE
ROVEL R. MURILLO
Panikian, Carrascal,Surigao del Sur
09667522255
rovelmurillo3gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 22
Gender : Female
Religion : Christian
Place of Birth : San Miguel Magroyong, Surigao del Sur
Father’s Name : Belia R. Murillo
Mother’s Name : Rodolfo B. Murillo
Education
Elementary : Panikian Elementary School

Graduated 2013
Secondary : Panikian National High School
Graduated 2019
Undergraduate 2023
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Telefax No. 086-212-5132
__________________________________________________________________________
CURRICULUM VITAE
JHANISA G. PARONDA
Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
09165598980
jhanisaparonda1824gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 21
Gender : Female
Place of Birth : Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
Father’s Name : Michael C. Paronda
Mother’s Name : Maria Lunisa G. Paronda
Education
Elementary : Unidad, Elementary School

Graduated 2013
Secondary : Unidad National High School
Graduated 2019
Undergraduate 2023
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Telefax No. 086-212-5132
__________________________________________________________________________
CURRICULUM VITAE
KENT M. MISSION
Quezeon, Tandag, Surigao del Sur
09516859734
missionkenthomer@gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 20
Gender : Male
Religion : Born Again
Place of Birth : Tandag, Surigao del Sur
Father’s Name : Homer M. Mission
Mother’s Name : Kathleen M. Mission
Education
Elementary : Mariano Espina Elementary School

Graduated 2013
Secondary : Northeastern Mindanao Colleges
Graduated 2019
Undergraduate 2023
34
Telefax No. 086-212-5132
__________________________________________________________________________
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIMUEL E. UMAAPAS
Aras-asan, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
09958524352
umaapaslimwell@gmail.com
Personal Data
Age : 22
Gender : Male
Religion : UPC
Place of Birth : Quezon City
Father’s Name : Renato S. Umaapas
Mother’s Name : Lucita E. Umaapas
Education
Elementary : Cempron, Elementary School

Graduated 2014
Secondary : Unidad, National High School
Graduated 2021
Tertiary : North Eastern Mindanao State Unversity
Undergraduate 2023
35

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Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Additionally, some individuals perceive it as a necessary step

Consequently, in numerous instances, CCTV footage has been

Nonetheless, some argue that CCTV surveillance invades individual’s

Similarly, it is evident that the implementation of CCTV surveillance

The aforementioned studies present knowledge about residents’

This study is grounded in the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)

The SCOT theory, proposed by Pinch and Bijker, suggests that

a. Perceived Usefulness: Residents' perception of how CCTV surveillance

b. Perceived Ease of Use: The ease with which residents can

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

The flow of the study is presented through a schematic diagram, which is

Figure 1 describes the conceptual framework of the study wherein the

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the local residents’ perception in the

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :

H0 : There is a significant difference between the respondents’ profile

Significance of the Study

Local Residents. This empowers them to contribute to the decision-

Local Authorities. This allows local authorities to make informed

Local Law Enforcers. This provides them with a valuable understanding

Future Researchers. This can have a substantial impact on future

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is focus on determining the perception in the implementation of

To ensure clarity of terms used in this study, the researchers provided

CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television). A surveillance system that uses

Implementation. Refers to the process of putting a plan or system into

Local Residents. Individuals who live in a specific geographic area or

Perception. Refers to the process by which individuals interpret and make

Surveillance. Refers to the systematic monitoring of people, places, or

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

According to the literature of Emily Robinson (2016), stated that CCTV

Moreover, Andy J. Thompson (2018) stated that UK has more CCTV

In relation to the present study, the researchers believe that CCTV is a

Additionally, national plans and policies suggested video surveillance

centers. The current acceptance level of CCTV installation in residential areas,

Furthermore, most studies reported high public support for CCTV

An in-depth investigation in urban areas of the Philippines, revealing that

Moreover, Garcia and Reyes (2018) took a community-oriented approach

Additionally, Lim's (2020) study shifted the focus to the dynamics of

Nevertheless, Alonzo et al. (2017) delved into the visibility of CCTV

Specifically, Martinez's (2021) research explored the role of public

importance of transparent communication in fostering trust and acceptance of

According to the study of Smith et al.'s (2016) research in the United

Furthermore, Johnson and Lee's (2020) study in South Korea focused on

Additionally, Garcia et al. (2017) conducted a study in Spain to explore the

In addition, Brown and Johnson's (2018) research in the United Kingdom

Moreover, Taylor et al.'s (2019) study in Australia examined the community

According to the study of Celia V. Sanidad-Leones (2017), which stated

related because one of the functions of CCTV is to prevent crimes in order to

In relation to the present study, the researchers believe that as days

The comprehensive review of foreign and local literature, along with

However, the synthesis also highlights notable gaps in the existing

Hence, the synthesis of the literature and studies provides a

The study will utilize a quantitative research approach to investigate the

The research will be conduct within the municipality of Cantilan,

Population and Sampling

The researchers will employ stratified random sampling method as the

Respondents of the Study

To delve into different viewpoints, researchers categorized the

Furthermore, we considered employment status, including 5 respondents

In conclusion, all 40 respondents took part in this study by providing their