CT098-3-M Artificial Intelligence Page 1 of 10

Section A : Total 50 marks

Answer All Questions

QUESTION A1 (25 Marks)

Many Artificial Intelligence programs have been designed for game playing. One such
program is “Four in a Row”, as show figure 1 below. The user plays against the
computer, taking alternate turn. The first to complete a horizontal, vertical or
diagonal line of four counters of the same color’s wins.

Figure 1 : Four in Row game

(a) Define what is mean by the term “Artificial Intelligence”.

Artificial Intelligence is the eligibility of a computer to work and think as human brain
without human’s interventions. Artificial Intelligence is a computer that minimizes
repetitive work as complex analyze in order to ease human efforts put into that work.

(4 marks)

(b) Describe ONE (1) aspect of intelligence which “Four in Row” is demonstrating
when it is playing against the user.

(4 marks)

(c) Describe in your own words ONE(1) aspects of intelligence is being applied in
the case above and support your claim.
(4 marks)

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(d) It could be argues that this program does not demonstrate intelligence. Describe
ONE(1) reason to support this claim
(4 marks)

(e) The Turing Test was an early test for Artificial Intelligence applications. Explain
ONE(1) reason why the Turing Test is not a good test for many modern Artificial
Intelligence Application.
(4 marks)

(f) Some people believe that we might never achieve Artificial Intelligence. Do you
agree with this point of view? Justify your answer.
(5 marks)

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QUESTION A2 (25 Marks)

Air Baggage is a company which is developing Intelligent Robots to assist airport staff
identify and deal with suspicious luggage. The robots have Vision Systems which allow
them to navigate from one item of luggage to another.

(a) Explain TWO(2) practical problems which would need to be overcome when
developing this robot
(5 marks)

(b) Describe ONE(1) task which this robot may have to carry out which would require
intelligence
(4 marks)

(c) The robot uses a digital video camera to acquire the images which it uses. Name the
next TWO(2) stages in computer vision and explain it uses
(6 marks)

(d) Describe TWO(2) problems which may occur when object recognition is carried out.
(6 marks)

(e) Air Baggage would like to incorporate an artifical neural system(neural net) into the
robot. Describe how a neural net can be trained to produce correct output
(4 marks)

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QUESTION B1 (Total: 25 marks)

An Expert System is used by call desk operators to help trace faults in television. Some
of the information from the expert system is shown in the following decision tree

(a) Explain the category of this Expert System

(4 marks)

Sample Answer
Diagnosis

Marking Scheme
Award 1 - 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 - 4 marks for correct answer

(b) One reason for using the system is to trace faults in television sets. Describe TWO(2)
other reason for using the television fault Expert System
(4 marks)

Sample Answer
To represent the knowledge of many experts/ TV repair specialists is one place
To provide explanations as to diagnosis given

Marking Scheme
Award 1 - 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 - 4 marks for correct answer

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(c) The first stage of developing the television fault Expert System was knowledge
acquisition. Describe how knowledge acquisition would have been carried out in this
Expert System
(4 marks)
Sample Answer
Interview TV repair workers to extract their knowledge and experience/ask domain
experts
Look up reference manual for each TV set
Research troubleshooting guide for each TV set

Marking Scheme
Award 1 - 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 - 4 marks for correct answer

(d) Ali calls the help desk because his television switches on and gets a picture but he
cannot hear anything.
i. Identify the fault the expert system would identify
(2 marks)
ii. Explain the purpose of the inference engine in identifying the fault
(2 marks)

Sample Answer
i. Check speaker connection
ii. Determine the order in which rules are applied. Determine order in which
questions are asked to user

Marking Scheme
Award 2 marks for correct answers

(e) Artificial intelligence has been used in many industry. Discuss AI in health care.
(9 marks)

Sample Answer
In health care, artificial intelligence (AI) can help manage and analyze data, make
decisions, and conduct conversations, so it is destined to drastically change clinicians'
roles and everyday practices. Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is the use of
complex algorithms and software to emulate human cognition in the analysis of
complicated medical data. AI does this through machine learning algorithms. These
algorithms can recognize patterns in behavior and create its own logic.

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 5 marks partial answer
Award 6 – 9 marks for correct answer

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QUESTION B2 (Total: 25 marks)

An Artificial Intelligence system is trying to identify plants from pictures of flowers

presented to it.
This is one of the images it is given to test the system

(a) TWO(2) stages in Computer Vision are object recognition and image understanding.
Describe these stages, using the above image to illustrate your answer.
(8 Marks)
Sample Answer
Object recognition :
 using pattern matching to compare identified objects with known objects
 identifying component parts (leaves OR the flower petals OR areas of water).

Image understanding :
 relating identified objects to each other
 eg several leaves and flower floating on (water) surface.

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 4 marks for partial answer
Award 5 – 8 marks for correct answer

(b) Give TWO(2) reasons, other than color of the flower, why the Artificial Intelligence
system might have difficulty recognizing a flower
(4 marks)

Sample Answer
Angle of photograph may give flower a different representation
 flower may be damaged
 not all parts of the flower are visible
 shadow on image makes comparison difficult
 flower may be in a different stage of opening
 flower may not be in the knowledge base

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 2 marks for partial answer

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Award 3 – 4 marks for correct answer

(c) The plant identification software uses an artificial neural system. Links, weights and
layers are components of an artificial neural system. Describe the parts played by
each of these components in the learning process of the neural net.
(4 marks)

Sample Answer
links: connect artificial neurons
 weights: applied to each link and adjusted to produce a correct output for a
given input
 layers: several interconnected perceptron (simple neural network)/output of one
layer adjusted until correct and then fed into another layer to solve more
complex problems.

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 – 4 marks for correct answer

(d) Artificial intelligence has been used in many industry. Discuss AI in Accounting and
Finance
(9 marks)

Sample Answer
Artificial intelligence in finance is transforming the way we interact with money. AI
is helping the financial industry to streamline and optimize processes ranging from
credit decisions to quantitative trading and financial risk management. That is
because AI is providing positive results such as increased productivity, improved
accuracy, and reduced cost. With so many benefits, AI is used increasingly for
administrative tasks and accounting, resulting in various structural changes.

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 4 marks for partial answer
Award 5 – 9 marks for correct answer

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QUESTION B3 (Total: 25 marks)

Natural Language Processing techniques are being used increasingly in the development
of
Machine translation systems
Question and answering systems
Command and control systems
Text Analysis

(a) Outline TWO(2) main goals of any Natural Language Processing system
(5 marks)

Sample Answer
To build computer systems that human can communicate with using NLP
To use computers as tools to help us understand better how humans use language
through modelling it

Marking Scheme
Award 1 - 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 – 5 marks for correct answer

(b) Provide a description of any TWO(2) of the applications of natural language

processing techniques mentioned above
(8 marks)

Sample Answer
Text analysis – the use of NLP techniques to evaluate text or documents by looking at
their structure and style
Machine translation – automatic conversion of texts from one language to another
language
Command and control – natural language interaction with devices using speech rather
than typing
Question answering – the use of natural language techniques to enable users of
interactive system to request information from the system and supply the system with
information on request

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 – 4 marks for correct answer

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(c) SHRDLU is a program which uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to manipulate
blocks of various colour, shapes and sizes. An initial setup of the objects is shown
below. SHRDLU understands commands such as :

Put the grey cylinder on the top of the black block

Put the white cube in from of the grey block

Here are two commands from a SHRDLU dialogue. What is the problem with each
command?
Put it on its side.
Put the pyramid on the grey block
(4 marks)

Sample Answer

Unclear as to what it refers to , which side it to be put on.

Ambiguity as to which pyramid to move, choice of two available

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 2 marks for partial answer
Award 3 – 4 marks for correct answer

(d) In speech recognition software, there are four main stages of NLP. The first in speech
recognition and the last is speech synthesis. Describe the remaining TWO(2) stages
(8 marks)

Sample Answer

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Natural language understanding

Natural language generation

Marking Scheme
Award 1 – 4 marks for partial answer
Award 5 – 8 marks for correct answer

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