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IEC - Exp - 5 (1) - New - 2
IEC - Exp - 5 (1) - New - 2
LAB REPORT ON
Submitted By
Name ID Contribution
1. Meer Mursalin 23-50298-1 Experimental Procedure, result
& calculation
Procedure, Discussion ,
2. Mostafa Seum 23-50299-1
conclusion
3. MD. Sakib Hasan 23-50316-1 Analysis and Calculation,
Discussion , Experimental
Data,
4. Md Abdur Rahman Shahed 23-51741-2 Calculations & Discussion
Thevenin’s theorem is a very powerful circuit analysis technique. It can convert complex circuits to a
simpler series equivalent circuit for easier analysis. Analysis involves removing part of the circuit
across two terminals to aid calculation, later combining the circuit with the Thevenin equivalent
circuit.
The Thevenin Theorem is a process by which a complex circuit is reduced to an equivalent series
circuit consisting of a single voltage source, V TH, a series resistance RTH and a load resistance, R L.
After creating the Thevenin equivalent circuit, you may then easily determine the load voltage V L
and the load current IL.
Apparatus:
1. Trainer Board
2. Voltmeter
3. Ammeter
4. AVO meter or Multimeter
5. DC source
6. Resistors
7. Potentiometer.
Experimental Procedure:
1. For figure 2, separate the portion of the circuit for which Thevenin’s equivalent circuit will
be determined by removing load resistor RL between points a and b.
2. Remove any voltage source by a short circuit and replace any current source by an open
circuit.
3. Determine the Thevenin equivalent resistance RTH between points a and b.
4. Now return any sources to their original position and determine the open circuit voltage
between the terminals and b. This is the Thevenin equivalent voltage.
5. Complete the circuit in figure 2 by returning load resistor R L. Measure voltage across and
current through RL.
6. Construct the Thevenin Equivalent circuit. Measure voltage across and current through R L
again to verify the Thevenin’s theorem.
Simulation:
R1 R2
2.246 k 3.373 k
E
1.654 V RL
A B
1.215 k
R3 R4
3.356 k 1.222 k
A B
R1 R3 R2 R4
2.246 3.356 3.373 k 1.222 k
A B
R1ll3
1.3455 k
R2ll4 0.897k
Result:
ETh=1.666V
Data table:
The Thevenin Theorem states that any linear circuit can be replaced with an
equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source (Thevenin voltage) and a series
resistor (Thevenin resistance). To verify this, compare the values of Thevenin
equivalent voltage (Eth) and resistance (Rth) obtained from the experiment to those
calculated theoretically. In your table:
The measured and calculated values are quite close, which suggests that the circuit
follows Thevenin's Theorem reasonably well.
To verify the measured total circuit current, you need to compare the experimental
values with the theoretical values for both the complete circuit and the Thevenin
equivalent circuit. In your table:
The measured and calculated values are reasonably close for the complete circuit.
However, there is a larger discrepancy between the measured and calculated values
for the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
The results indicate that the circuit's behavior follows Thevenin's Theorem quite
closely for the complete circuit, as the measured and calculated values of voltage
and current are in good agreement. However, for the Thevenin equivalent circuit,
there seems to be a larger discrepancy, especially in the calculated current (IL). This
might be due to various factors such as measurement errors, component tolerances,
or assumptions made in the theoretical calculations.
Discussion:
1. Prior to commencing the experiment, an assessment of the trainer board and multimeter's
functionality was conducted.
2. The resistor was positioned in accordance with the diagram's specifications.
3. The voltage magnitude was incrementally raised to prevent potential resistor damage from
excessive voltage.
4. Subsequently, all acquired data was meticulously recorded in the data table, culminating in
the derivation of a result based on the provided equation.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, the data and findings were analyzed to assess the degree to which the
experiment conformed to its initially established goals. The study involved enhancements to
the methodology, exploration, and description of Thevenin's Theorem through measurements,
conversions, and circuit calculations.