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Modern Chemistry Chapter 9 Modern Chemistry Chapter 9

Stoichiometry Stoichiometry

 composition
stoichiometry deals with
the mass relationships of
elements in compounds.

 reaction stoichiometry
involves the mass
relationships between
reactants and products in a
chemical reaction.

Types of Stoichiometry Problems Mole Ratio & Molar Mass

1) mole to mole (Both the given
and the unknown quantities are
amounts in moles.)
2) mole to mass (The given
amount is in moles and the
unknown amount is in grams.)
3) mass to mole (The given
amount is in grams and the
unknown amount is in moles.)
4) mass to mass (Both the
given and the unknown amount
is in grams.)
 mole ratio- A  molar mass- Equal
conversion factor that to the mass in grams
relates the amounts in of one mole of an
moles of any two element or a
substances involved in compound.
a chemical reaction.  Found by adding the
 Found by using the individual element
coefficients in the atomic masses from
balanced formula the formula of the
equation of the compound.
reaction.

Section Review Problems Using Conversion Factors

 Do section review Amount coefficient amount of
problems of given x of unknown = unknown
#1 through #4 on substance coefficient substance
page 285 of the in moles of known in moles
textbook.
# moles x mole ratio = #moles of
given unknown

Do practice problems #1 & #2 on page 306 of text.

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Page 289 #1 Page 289 #2

3 H2 + N2  2 NH3
2 KClO3  2 KCl + 3 O2
6 mol H2 x 2 mol NH3 = 4mol NH3
3 mol H2 15 mol O2 x 2 mol KClO3 = 10 mol KClO3
3 mol O2

Chapter 9 quiz #1- mole to mole calculations

6 NaBr + Mg3(PO4)2  2 Na3PO4 + 3 MgBr2 Using Conversion Factors
amount of mass in
Use the above balanced formula equation to solve given x moles unknown x molar = grams of
the following: substance moles known mass of unknown
in moles unknown substance

1- 7.0 moles of NaBr will produce ? moles Na3PO4

# moles x mole x molar = mass of unknown
2- 3.0 moles of Mg3(PO4)2 will yield ? moles MgBr2
given ratio mass (in grams)
unknown
3- 0.5 moles of NaBr will react with ? moles Mg3(PO4)2

4- 2.5 moles of NaBr will yield ? moles Na3PO4 Do practice problems #1 & #2 on page 308 of the textbook.

5- 2.5 moles NaBr will produce ? moles MgBr2

Chapter 9 Quiz #2- mole-mass problems

Page 291 #1 & 2
3 MgF2 + Al2O3  3 MgO + 2 AlF3
2 Mg + O2  2 MgO
Use the above balanced formula equation to answer
the following questions.
2.00 mol Mg x 2 mol MgO x 40.3 g MgO = 80.6 g MgO
2 mol Mg 1 mol MgO
1- 2.0 mol MgF2 will yield ? grams of MgO

2- 4.0 mol of Al2O3  ? grams of AlF3

6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
3- If 6.0 mol of MgO is produced, ? grams of AlF3
10 mol CO2 x 1 mol C6H12O6 x 180 g C6H12O6 = 300 g C6H12O6
6 mol CO2 1 mol C6H12O6 4- 0.6 mol MgF2  ? grams of AlF3

5- 2.75 mol Al2O3  ? grams of MgO

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Practice problems page 293

Using Conversion Factors
2 HgO  2 Hg + O2
mass (g) x 1 mol given x mol unknown = moles of
of given molar mass mol given unknown
substance of given substance
125 g O2 x 1 mol O2 x 2 mol HgO = 7.81 mol HgO
32 g O2 1 mol O2

grams x 1 x mole ratio = moles unknown

125 g O2 x 1 mol O2 x 2 mol Hg = 7.81 mol Hg
molar mass
32 g O2 1 mol O2

Do practice problems #1 & #2 on page 309 of the textbook.

chapter 9 quiz #3- mass-mole problems

Na2O + CaF2  2 NaF + CaO Using Conversion Factors
Use the above equation to solve the problems. mass (g) x 1 mol given x mol unknown x molar mass unknown = mass
of given molar mass mol given 1 mol unknown of un-
1- 156.1 grams of CaF2  ? mol CaO substance of given known

2- 186 g Na2O  ? mol NaF

grams x 1 x mole ratio x molar mass = mass of unknown
given molar mass
3- 31 g Na2O  ? mol CaO

Do practice problems #1, #2, & #3 on page 311 of textbook.

4- 31 g Na2O  ? mol NaF
Do section review problems #1 - #5 on page 311 of textbook.

5- A yield of 84 g NaF  ? mol CaO

Practice problems page 295 Chapter 9 quiz #4- mass-mass problems

NH4NO3  N2O + 2 H2O Na2O + CaF2  2 NaF + CaO

32 g N2O x 1 mol N2O x 1 mol NH4NO3 x 80 g NH4NO3 = 60 g NH4NO3 1- 124 g Na2O  ? grams NaF
44 g N2O 1 mol N2O 1 mol NH4NO3

2- 124 g Na2O  ? grams CaO

3- 234.3 g CaF2  ? g NaF

4- 234.3 g CaF2  ? g CaO

5- 84.0 g NaF  ? g CaO

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The “MOLE HILL”

Limiting Reactant & Percentage Yield
x mole ratio
 limiting reactant is the
reactant that limits the
amount of the other
# moles known # moles unknown reactant that can
combine and the amount
of product that can be
÷ molar mass x molar mass formed in a chemical
of known of unknown
reaction.

mass of known mass of unknown  excess reactant is the

substance that is NOT
completely used up in a
chemical reaction.

Sample & Practice Problems Percentage Yield

See sample problem F on page 297 of textbook.
Do practice problems #1 on page 297.
See sample problem G on pages 298-299.
Do practice problems #1 & #2 on page 299.
 theoretical yield is the maximum
amount of product that can be produced
from a given amount of reactant
 actual yield of a product is the
measured amount of a product obtained
from a reaction
 percentage yield is the ratio of the
actual yield to the theoretical yield
multiplied by 100

 percentage yield = actual yield x 100

theoretical yield

Practice #2
Problems 2 Na3PO4 + 3 CaSO4  3 Na2SO4 + Ca3(PO4)2

 see sample problem H on pages 301- Known = 3 moles CaSO4 unknown = ? Moles Na3PO4
302 of textbook

 Do practice problems #1 & #2 on page Known = 2.0 moles Na3PO4 unknown = ? Moles Na2SO4
302.

 Do section review problems #1 -

#4 on page 302. Known = 1.5 moles Ca3(PO4)2 unknown = ? Moles CaSO4

 Do critical thinking problems #37,

#38, #39, & #40 on pages 307 & 308.
Known = 4.4 moles CaSO4 unknown = ? Moles Na3PO4

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Stoichiometry Practice #3 Practice #3

4 Na + O2  2 Na2O
4 Na3N + 3 O2  6 Na2O + 2 N2

Assume you have 12.0 moles of Na3N. If you have 4 moles of Na, how many grams
of O2 will you need?

1) How many moles of O2 do you need? If you have 64 grams of O2, how many
moles of Na2O will you produce?
2) How many moles of Na2O will you get?
If you have 46 grams of Na, how many
grams of O2 will you need?
3) How many moles of N2 will you get?