 Subjective Interview

- the counsellor helps the client to tell his or her life story as completely as
possible
 Objective interview
- seeks to discover information about (a) how problems in the client's life
began; (b) any precipitating event; (c) medical history, including current and
past medications; (d) a social history; (e) the reasons the client chose therapy
at this time; (f) the persons coping with life tasks; and (g) a lifestyle
assessment
 Family constellation
- client evaluation of conditions that prevailed in the family when the person
was a young child, birth order, parental relationship and family values, and
extended family and culture
 Basic mistakes
- What is essentially an integration of Adlerian psychology and cognitive
behavioural theory: overgeneralisation, false or impossible goals of security,
misperceptions of life and life's demands, minimization or denial of one's basic
worth, and faulty values
 Insight
- understanding translated into constructive action
- Refering to an understanding of the motivations that operate in a client's life
- Self understanding is only possible when hidden purposes and goals of
behaviour are made conscious
- a special form of awareness that facilitates a meaningful understanding
within the therapeutic relationship and acts as a foundation for change
 Interpretation
- deals with clients underlying motives for behaving the way they do in the
here and now
- concerned with creating awareness of one's direction in life, one’s goals and
purposes, one’s private logic and how it works, and one’s current behaviour
 Reorientation
- Involves shifting rules of interaction, process, and motivation
- Shifts are facilitated through changes in awareness, which often currently in
the therapy session and which are transformed into action outside of the
therapy office
 Encouragement
- entails showing faith in people, expecting them to assume responsibility for
their lives, and valuing them for who they are
- involves acknowledging that life can be difficult, yet it is critical to instill a
sense of faith in clients that they can make changes in life.
- the universal therapeutic intervention for Adlerian counselors, that it is a
fundamental attitude rather than a technique
 Discouragement
- basic condition that prevents people from functioning, and they see
encouragement as the antidote
o In the relationship phase, encouragement results from the mutual respect the
counselor seeks to engender. In the assessment phase, which is partially
designed to illuminate personal strengths, clients are encouraged to recognize
that they are in charge of their own lives and can make different choices
based on new understandings. During reorientation, encouragement comes
when new possibilities are generated and when clients are acknowledged and
affi rmed for taking positive steps to change their lives for the better.