Heat & Thermodynamics

ALLEN® Heat & Thermodynamics 1
HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS 4. xSlksa ds xfrd fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij dksbZ xSl

1. ,d vkn'kZ xSl ds n eksy dksbZ pØh; izØe nkc mRiUu djrh gS D;ksafd blds v.kq :
ABCA (vkjs[k nsf[k,) djrs gS ftlesa uhps fn, (1) fujUrj viuh ÅtkZ dh gkfu djrs gS]a tc rd
x, izØe gksrs gSaA os nhokj rd ugha igqap tkrsA
A ® B : rki T ij lerkih; izlkj ftlls (2) ik=k dh nhokjksa }kjk vkdf"kZr fd;s tkrs gSaA
vk;ru nks xquk] V1 ls V2 = 2V1 vkSj (3) fujUrj ik=k dh nhokjksa ls fpids jgrs gSaA
nkc P1 ls P2 gks tkrk gSA (4) tc ik=k dh nhokjksa ls Vdjkrs gSa] rks muds
B ® C : lenkch laihM+u&nkc P2 ij vkjafHkd laosx esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA
vk;ru V1 rd gksrk gSA 5. (P1, V1) ij fdlh vkn'kZ xSl ds 1 eksy dks
C ® A : levk;rfud ifjorZu ftlesa nkc esa mRØe.kh; vkSj lerkih; (A ls B rd) fLFkfr esa
ifjorZu P2 ls P1 gksrk gSA QSyus fn, tkus ij bldk nkc vius ewy nkc dk
bl lEiw.kZ pØh; izØe ABCA esa fd;k x;k dqy vk/kk gks tkrk gS (vkjs[k nsf[k,)A blds i'pkr~
dk;Z gksxk: fu;r vk;ru ij] bldk viuk nkc vkajfHkd nkc
P
P1 A dk ,d pkSFkkbZ gksus rd (B®C), BaMk fd;k tkrk
gSA blds i'pkr~ mRØe.kh; :)ks"e laihMu }kjk
P2
bldks vkjfEHkd voLFkk (C ls A) ij yk;k tkrk
B
C gSA xSl }kjk fd;k x;k dqy dk;Z gS :
V P1 A
V1 V 2=2V1
P1 B
æ 1ö 2
(1) 'kwU; (2) nRT ç ln 2 + ÷
è 2ø P1
C
æ 1ö 4
(3) nRTln2 (4) nRT ç ln 2 - ÷
è 2ø V
V1 2V1
2. lwph-I dks lwph-II ds lkFk feykb, :
æ 1 ö RT
lwph-I lwph-II (1) RT ç ln 2 - ÷ (2) - 2(g - 1)
(a) lerkih; (i) fu;r nkc è 2( g - 1) ø
(b) levk;rfud (ii) fu;r rki (3) 'kwU; (4) RT ln 2
(c) :)ks"e (iii) fu;r vk;ru 6. 27°C rki vkSj 1 ok;qeaMyh; nkc ij fdlh fn,
(d) lenkch (iv) Å"ek fu;r jgrh gS x, æO;eku dh xSl ds v.kqvksa dh rms pky
node06\B0BA-BB\Kota\JEE MAIN\Jee Main-2021_Subject Topic PDF With Solution\Physics\English\ Heat & Thermodynamics
200 ms–1 gSA bl xSl dh 127°C rki vkSj

uhps fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,:
(1) (a) ® (i), (b) ® (iii), (c) ® (ii), (d) ® (iv) x
2 ok;qe.Myh; nkc ij rms pky ms-1 gSA x
(2) (a) ® (ii), (b) ® (iii), (c) ® (iv), (d) ® (i) 3
(3) (a) ® (ii), (b) ® (iv), (c) ® (iii), (d) ® (i) dk eku _____ gksxkA
(4) (a) ® (iii), (b) ® (ii), (c) ® (i), (d) ® (iv) 7. uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSaA ,d vfHkdFku A gS
3. /kkrq dh pknjksa ls ?kukdkj vkdfr esa cus ,d vkSj nwljk dkj.k R gSA
cDls dh izR;sd Hkqtk dh dejs ds rki T ij vfHkdFku A : tc eqDr j[kh fdlh NM+ dks xje
yEckbZ 'a' gS] rFkk /kkrq dh pknj ds inkFkZ dk fd;k tkrk gS] rks mlesa dksbZ rkih; izfrcy
jSf[kd izlkj xq.kkad 'a' gSA /kkrq dh pknj dks ,d mRiUu ugha gksrk gSA
leku :i ls fdlh vYi rki of) DT ds fy, dkj.k R : xje djus ij NM+ dh yEckbZ esa of)
xje fd;k x;k gS ftlls bldk rki T + DT gks gksrh gSA
tkrk gSA /kkrq ds cDls ds vk;ru esa of) gksxh% mijksDr dFkuksa ds lanHkZ esa uhps fn, x, fodYiksa
(1) 3a3aDT (2) 4a3aDT esa ls lgh mÙkj dks pqfu, %
(1) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa rFkk R vfHkdFku A dh
(3) 4pa3aDT (4) 4 pa3aDT lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
3
(2) A lgh ugha gS ijUrq R lgh gSA
(3) A lgh gS ijUrq R lgh ugha gSA
(4) A vkSj R nksuksa lgh gSa ijUrq R vfHkdFku A dh
lgh O;k[;k gSA
E
2 Heat & Thermodynamics ALLEN®
8. fdlh f}ijek.kqd xSl dks] ftlds C p = 7 R vkSj 14. fdlh ik=k dks foHkktd }kjk nks pSEcjksa esa
2 foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA buesa igys pSEcj dk
5
Cv = R gSa] fu;r nkc ij xje fd;k x;k gSA vk;ru 4.5 yhVj vkSj nwljs pSEcj dk vk;ru 5.5
2
blds vuqikr dU : dQ : dW dk eku gksxk % yhVj gSA igys pSEcj esa 2.0 ok;qe.Myh; nkc ij
(1) 5 : 7 : 3 (2) 5 : 7 : 2 3.0 eksy rFkk nwljs pSEcj esa 3.0 ok;qe.Myh; nkc
(3) 3 : 7 : 2 (4) 3 : 5 : 2 ij 4.0 eksy xSl Hkjh gSA foHkktd dks gVkus rFkk
9. fdlh Å"ekxfrdh; izØe esa fdlh xSl dk nkc
feJ.k ds lkE; dh fLFkfr esa vkus ij feJ.k dk
mlds vk;ru ij kV3 ds :i esa fuHkZj djrk gSA
rki esa 100°C ls 300°C rd ifjorZu gksus ij nkc x × 10–1 atm gS rks x dk eku ______gksxkA
fd, tkus okyk dk;Z ___ nR, gksxk tgk¡ n, xSl esa 15. fdlh vkn'kZ xSl ds fy, vkUrfjd ÅtkZ (U), nkc
xksyksa dh la[;k n'kkZrk gSA (P) vkSj vk;ru (V) ds chp laca/k dks U = 3PV + 4
10. nzO;eku 4.0 u dh dksbZ ,d ijek.kqd xSl fdlh ds :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ;g xSl gS :-
jks/kh ik=k esa j[kh gSA ;g ik=k 30 m/s ds osx ls (1) dsoy f}ijek.kqd
xfreku gSA ;fn ;g ik=k ,dk,d :d tk, rc (2) dsoy cgqijek.kqd
xSl ds rki esa ifjorZu (R = xSl fu;rkad) x (3) ;k rks ,d ijek.kqd vFkok f}ijek.kqd
3R
gSA x dk eku___ gSA (4) dsoy ,d ijek.kqd
11. fdlh vkn'kZ xSl ds ,d eksy ij gksus okys 16. fdlh ,d ijek.kqd xSl dk vk;ru V ] rki T ds
Å"ekxfrd izØe dks P-V vkjs[k esa n'kkZ;k x;k lkFk lEcU/k V = KT2/3 dk ikyu djrs gq,
gSA ;fn V2 = 2V1 gS] rks rkiksa dk vuqikr T2/T1 ifjofrZr gksrk gSA rki esa 90 K dk ifjorZu gksus
gksxk :
P
1(P1,V1,T1)
ij fd;k x;k dk;Z xR gksxkA x dk eku gSA
1/2
PV = constant [R = lkoZf=kd xSl fLFkjkad]
17. fdlh n<+ f}ijek.kqd xSl dk 1 eksy Q ek=kk esa
2(P2,V2,T2)
Å"ek dh vkiwfrZ fd, tkus ij Q/5 dk;Z djrk gSA
V
V1 V2 bl :ikUrj.k dh vof/k esa bl xSl dh eksyj
1
(1) (2) 2 (3) 2 (4) 1 Å"ek /kkfjrk xR gksxhA x dk eku ...........gSaA
2 2 8
12. uhps nks dFku fn, x, gS : [K = lkoZf=kd xSl fLFkjkad gS]
dFku I : fdlh f}&ijek.kqd v.kq esa fdlh fn, x, 18. vkjs[k esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj nks dqpkyd 'khVks]a ftuds
rki ij ?kw.kZu&ÅtkZ eSDloSy&forj.k dk ikyu rkih; izfrjks/k R1vkSj R2 rFkk 'kh"kZ vkSj ryh ds
djrh gSA rki q1 rFkk q2 gSa] dh laf/k dk rki q gksxk :
dFku II : fdlh f}&ijek.kqd v.kq esa izR;sd v.kq q2
R2
ds fy, fdlh fn, x, rki ij ?kw.kZu&ÅtkZ q
R1
LFkkukUrj.k xfrt&ÅtkZ ds cjkcj gksrh gSA q1
mijksDr dFkuksa ds lanHkZ esa uhps fn, x, fodYiksa q2 R2 - q1R1 q R -q R
(1) (2) 1 2 2 1
esa ls lcls mfpr mRrj pqfu, : R 2 - R1 R 2 - R1
(1) dFku I lgh ugha gS ijUrq dFku II lgh gSA q R +q R q R +q R
(2) nksuksa dFku I vkSj dFku II lgh ugha gSA (3) 1 2 2 1 (4) 1 1 2 2
R1 + R 2 R1 + R2
(3) nksuksa dFku I vkSj dFku II lgh gSaA 19. V vk;ru ds fdlh vkos"Vu] esa ijerki T ij rhu
(4) dFku I lgh gS ijUrq dFku II lgh ugha gSA xSlksa] 16 g vkWDlhtu] 28 g ukbVªkstu vkSj 44 g
13. ,d mRØe.kh; Å"ek batu fuos'k Å"ek ds ,d dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk feJ.k Hkjk gSA R lkoZf=kd
pkSFkkbZ Hkkx dks dk;Z esa :ikUrfjr djrk gSA dq.M xSl fLFkjkad gS] rks xSlksa ds bl feJ.k dk nkc
ds rki esa 52 K dh deh djus ij bldh n{krk gksxkA
88RT 3RT 5 RT 4 RT
nks xquh gks tkrh gSA L=kksr dk rki dSfYou iSekus (1) (2) (3) (4)
V V 2 V V
ij _________ gSA
E
20. Å"ekxfrdh esa] Å"ek vkSj dk;Z gSa : 26. nks cgqijekf.od vkn'kZ xSlks]a ftuds rki T1 vkSj
(1) iFk Qyu T2 gSa] dks bl izdkj feyk;k x;k gS] ftlls fdlh
(2) xgu Å"ekxfrd voLFkk pj izdkj dh ÅtkZ dk ál ugha gqvk gSA ;fn F1 vkSj
(3) foLr r Å"ekxfrd voLFkk pj
F2, m1 vkSj m2, n1 vkSj n2 Øe'k% izFke vkSj f}rh;
(4) fcUnq Qyu
21. rki 27°C vkSj nkc 1.01 × 105 Pa ij vkWDlhtu xSl ds fy,] Lokra=; dksfVvksa] æO;ekuksa vkSj
v.kqvksa ds fy, ek/; eqDr iFk (l) dk eku v.kqvksa dh la[;k gS] rks bu nksuksa xSlksa ds feJ.k
ifjdfyr dhft,A ;g ekfu, fd vkf.od O;kl dk rki gksxk :
0.3 nm vkSj xSl vkn'kZ gSA n1T1 + n 2 T2 n1F1 T1 + n 2 F2 T2
(k = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1) (1) (2)
n1 + n 2 n1F1 + n 2 F2
(1) 58 nm (2) 32 nm
(3) 86 nm (4) 102 nm n1F1 T1 + n 2 F2 T2 n1F1 T1 + n 2 F2 T2
(3) (4)
22. dksbZ f}/kkfRod ifêdk nks /kkrqvksa A rFkk B ls cuh F1 + F2 n1 + n 2
gSA bls vkjs[k esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj n<+rkiwoZd 27. ;fn fdlh cgqijek.kqd xSl ds ,d eksy ds daiu
vkjksfir fd;k x;k gSA /kkrq A dk izlkj xq.kkad dh nks fo/kk,a gSa rFkk cgqijek.kqd xSl ds fy,
/kkrq B dh rqyuk esa vf/kd gSA tc bl f}/kkfRod
ifêdk dks fdlh 'khr ik=k esa j[kk tkrk gS] rks æ C ö
eksyj fof'k"V Å"ekvksa dk vuqikr b ç b = P ÷ gS]
;g ifêdk : C è V ø
rks b dk eku gksxk :
A B (1) 1.02 (2) 1.2 (3) 1.25 (4) 1.35
28. nks fofHkUu Å"ekxfrd izfØ;kvksa ds fy, dkSulk
(1) nkb± vksj eqM+xs h ,d fodYi lgh gS ?
(2) eqM+sxh ugha cfYd fldqMs+xh
P
:¼ks"e
(3) uk rks eqM+x
s h vkSj u gh fldqMs+xh
(4) ckb± vksj eqM+sxh lerkih
(a)
23. fdlh Å"ek batu ds fy, òksr dk rki 127°C gSA
60% n{krk izkIr djus ds fy, flad ¼gkSnh½ dk V
lerkih
rki _______°C gksuk pkfg,A
¼fudVre iw.kk±d rd iw.kk±fdr½ P
24. ,d cgqijekf.od vkn'kZ xSl dh 24 daiu fo/kk
gSA g dk eku gS %& (b) :¼ks"e
(1) 1.03 (2) 1.30 T

(3) 1.37 (4) 10.3
25. ,d dkuksZ batu tks 400 K vkSj 800 K ds e/; lerkih
V
dk;Z dj jgk gS] dk fuxZr dk;Z 1200 J izfr pØ :¼ks"e
gSA L=kksr ls batu dks izR;sd pØ ds nkSjku nh (c)
xbZ Å"eh; ÅtkZ dk eku gS : T
(1) 3200 J (2) 1800 J lerkih
(3) 1600 J (4) 2400 J P
(d) :¼ks"e
T
(1) (c) vkSj (a) (2) (c) vkSj (d)
(3) dsoy (a) (4) (b) vkSj (c)
E
29. rki T ij rkih; lkE;koLFkk esa vkn'kZ xSl ds fy, 33. nks leku /kkfRod rkjksa] ftudh Å"eh; pkydrk
,dy Lokra=; dksfV ds vuqfn'k] ÅtkZ dk vkSlr Øe'k% K1 rFkk K2 gS] dks Js.khØe esa tksM+k x;k
eku D;k gksxk ? (kB-cksYVteku fu;rkad) gSA bl la;kstu dh izHkkoh Å"eh; pkydrk dk
1 2 eku gS :
(1) k BT (2) k BT 2K1 K 2 K1 + K 2
2 3 (1) (2)
3 K1 + K 2 2K1 K 2
(3) k B T (4) kBT K +K2 K1 K 2
2 (3) 1 (4)
30. pØh; izØe ls xqtj jgs f}ijek.kqd vkn'kZ xSl K1 K 2 K1 + K 2
ds P-V vkjs[k dks fp=k esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA :)ks"e 34. fdlh vkn'kZ xSl ds :)ks"e izlkj esa] nkc esa gksus
izØe CD ds nkSjku fd;k dk;Z gksxk (g = 1.4 dk okyk fHkékRed ifjorZu fdlds cjkcj gksxk \
mi;ksx dhft,) : (tgk¡ g fof'k"V Å"ekvksa dk vuqikr gS):
dV V 1 dV dV
(1) -g (2) -g (3) - (4)
V dV g V V
A D 35.
2
200N/m fdlh n<+ f}ijek.kqd xSl ds 4 eksy ds rki esa
2 0°C ls 50°C rd of) djus ds fy, vko';d
100N/m B C
Å"ek dh ek=kk] tc dksbZ dk;Z ugha gks jgk gS]
P gksxh : (R - lkoZf=kd xSl fu;rkad gSA)
(1) 250 R (2) 750 R
(3) 175 R (4) 500 R
1 3 4
3 36. A, B vkSj C izdkj ds xSlksa ds v.kqvks]a ftuds
V(m )
(1) –500 J (2) –400 J æO;eku mA < mB < mC ds vuqlkj gSa] ds feJ.k
(3) 400 J (4) 200 J ij fopkj dhft,A lkekU; rki vkSj nkc ij
31. fdlh flfy.Mj esa vkn'kZ xSl dks ,d fiLVu }kjk budh rms pkyksa dk vuqikr gksxk :
bl izdkj iFkd fd;k x;k gS fd ,d Hkkx dh 1 1 1
,aVªksih S1 vkSj nwljs Hkkx dh S2 gSA fn;k x;k gS (1) v A = v B = v C = 0 (2) > >
v A v B vC
fd S1 > S2A ;fn fiLVu dks gVk fy;k tk,] rks
1 1 1
flLVe dh dqy ,aVªksih dk eku gksxk : (3) vA = vB ¹ vC (4) < <
(1) S1 × S2 (2) S1 – S2 v A vB vC
S 37. fdlh fudk; dh ,UVªkWih bl izdkj nh x;h gS :
(3) 1 (4) S1 + S2
S2 é mkR ù
S = a2b ln ê 2 + 3ú
32. vkWDlhtu ds uewus ij fopkj dhft, tks vkn'kZ ë Jb û
xSl dh rjg O;ogkj dj jgk gSA 300 K ij, xSl ;gk¡ a rFkk b fu;rkad gSA m, J, k vkSj R Øe'k%
ds v.kqvksa ds oxZ ekè; ewy osx vkSj vkSlr osx dk eksyksa dh la[;k] Å"ek dk ;kaf=kd rqY;kad]
vuqikr gksxk : (vkWDlhtu dk vkf.od nzO;eku 32
cksYV~eku fLFkjkad vkSj xSl fLFkjkad gSaA
g/mol; R = 8.3 J K–1 mol–1 gS)
é dQ ù
(1)
3
(2)
8 êS = T yhft, ú
ë û
3 3
fuEufyf[kr esa ls xyr fodYi pqfu,:
3p 8p
(3) (4) (1) a vkSj J dh leku foek,a gSaA
8 3
(2) S, b, k vkSj mR dh leku foek,a gSaA
(3) S vkSj a dh vleku foek,a gSaA
(4) a vkSj k dh leku foek,a gSaA
E
38. fn, x, vkjs[k esa] pØh; çØe ls xqtjus esa fdlh 41. fn, x, PV lwpd vkjs[k esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj 27ºC
fudk; }kjk vo'kksf"kr Å"eh; ÅtkZ dk eku ij fdlh vkn'kZ xSl ds 1 eksy dks A ls B rd ys
______ pJ gksrk gSA tk;k x;k gSA fudk; }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z ____
× 10–1 J gksxkA [fn;k gS : R = 8.3 J / mole K, ln2
= 0.6931] (fudVre iw.kkZad esa)
39. uhps fn, x, xzkQksa esa ls dkSu&lk ,d xzkQ fdlh

vkn'kZ xSl ds lgh O;ogkj dks fu:fir djrk gS\
;gk¡ izfrdksa ds lkekU; vFkZ gSA
42. rki T ij rkih; lkE; esa fdlh ,dijek.kqd xSl
dh ÅtkZ dk vkSlr eku D;k gksxk\
2
(1) kB T (2) kB T
(1) (2) 3
3 1
(3) k B T (4) k T
2 2 B
43. 25°C d{k rki ij dksbZ fi.M 5 feuV esa 75°C ls
65°C rd BaMk gksrk gSA bl fi.M dk vxys 5
feuV ds var esa rki _______°C gskxkA
44. fdlh xSl ds fy, voLFkk P esa CP – CV = R rFkk
(3) (4) voLFkk Q esa CP – CV = 1.10 R gS] ;gk¡ TP vkSj
TQ Øe'k% nks fofHkUu voLFkkvksa P vkSj Q esa rki
gSA rc%
(1) TP = TQ (2) TP < TQ
40. Lokra=; dksfV ƒ vkSj fof'k"V Å"ek g dk lgh (3) TP = 0.9 TQ (4) TP > TQ
vuqikr gS: 45. dksbZ ,d ijek.kqd vkn'kZ xSl ftldk vkjfEHkd

2 2 rki T1 gSa ?k"kZ.kghu fiLVu yxs fdlh flfy.Mj esa
(1) ƒ = (2) ƒ =
g -1 g +1 ifjc) gSA ;dk;d fiLVu dks eqDr djds bl xSl
g +1 1 dks :)ks"er% rki T2 rd QSyus fn;k x;k gSA ;fn
(3) ƒ = (4) ƒ = QSyus ls iwoZ vkSj QSyus ds i'pkr xSl&LrEHk dh
2 g +1
T1
yEckbZ;k¡ Øe'k% l1 vkSj l2 gSa] rks dk eku gksxk :
T2
2 2
æ l ö3 æ l ö3
(1) ç 1 ÷ (2) ç 2 ÷
è l2 ø è l1 ø
l l
(3) 2 (4) 1
l1 l2
E
46. leku nzO;eku ds nks fofHkUu /kkrqvksa ds fi.Mksa A 50. f}ijek.kqd xSl ds 1 mol inkFkZ ek=kk ds pØh;
vkSj B dks leku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,dleku nj ls izØe dks ABCDA }kjk fp=k esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA
xje fd;k x;k gSA bu fi.Mksa ds rki ds fopj.kksa izØe A ® B vkSj C ® D ds nkSjku xSl ds rki
dks vkjs[k esa xzkQ }kjk fu:fir fd;k x;k gSA Øe'k% T1 vkSj T2 (T1 > T2) gSA
budh fof'k"V Å"ek /kkfjrkvksa dk vuqikr gS :
fuEufyf[kr es ls fd, x, dk;Z ds fy, lgh

(1) 8 (2) 3 (3) 3 (4) 4 fodYi dks pqfu,A ;fn izØe BC vkSj DA :)ks"e
3 8 4 3 izØe gSaA
1 (1) WAB = WDC (2) WAD = WBC
47. fdlh xSl batu dh n{krk gSA tc vfHkxe (3) WBC + WDA > 0 (4) WAB < WCD
6 51. ,d fi.M 61° C ls 59°C rd BaMk gksus esa 4 min
¼flad½ dk rki 62°C de dj fn;k tkrk gS] rks dk le; ysrk gSaA ;fn ifjos'k dk rki 30°C gS
n{krk nks xquh gks tkrh gSA L=kksr dk rki gS : rks fi.M dks 51°C ls 49° C rd BaMk gksus esa
(1) 124°C (2) 37°C le; yxsxk :
(3) 62°C (4) 99°C (1) 4 min. (2) 3 min.
48. dksbZ fudk; nks izdkj dh xSlksa ds v.kqvksa] A vkSj (3) 8 min. (4) 6 min.
B, ftudh ?kuRo la[;k leku] 2 × 1025 / m3 gS] ls 52. fdlh vkn'kZ xSl ds ,d eksy ds lkFk :)ks"e
feydj cuk gSA A vkSj B ds O;kl Øe'k% 10 Å izfØ;k djkus ij rki esa 27°C ls 37°C dh of)
vkSj 5 Å gSA ;s d{k rki ij la?kê djrs gSaA nks gks tkrh gSA ;fn ;g ,sls cgqijek.kqd v.kqvksa ls
feydj cuh gS ftudh 4 dEifud fo/kk,a gSa rks
Øekxr la?kêksa ds chp A ds v.kqvksa }kjk r; dh fuEufyf[kr esa ls –1dkSu–1 lk lgh gS \
x;h vkSlr nwjh vkSj B ds v.kqvksa }kjk r; dh [R = 8.314 J mol k ]
x;h vkSlr nwjh dk vuqikr ______ × 10–2 gSA (1) xSl }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z 332 J ds cgqr fudV gSA
49. 300 K vkSj nks ok;qeaMyh; nkc ij izfr v.kq (2) xSl ij fd;k x;k dk;Z 582 J ds cgqr fudV gSA
vkSlr xfrt ÅtkZ 2 × 10–9 J dh ,d vkn'kZ xSl (3) xSl }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z 582 J ds cgqr fudV gSA
ds ,d yhVj 11esa mifLFkr v.kqvksa dh la [;k gksxh : (4) xSl ij fd;k x;k dk;Z 332 J ds cgqr fudV gSA
11
(1) 0.75 × 10 (2) 3 × 10 53. nks dkuksZ batu A vkSj B Js.kh esa bl izdkj
(3) 1.5 × 1011 (4) 6 × 1011 izpkfyr gksrs gSa fd batu A rki T1 ij Å"ek
vo'kksf"kr djrk gS vkSj rki T ij vfHkxe dks
fujkdr djrk gSA batu B batu A }kjk fujkdr
Å"ek ds vk/ks Hkkx dks vo'kksf"kr djrk gS vkSj
rki T3 ij vfHkxe esa Å"ek fujkdr djrk gSA tc
nksuksa izdj.kksa eas fd;k x;k dk;Z leku gS] rks T
dk eku gksxk :
2 3 1 2
(1) T1 + T3 (2) T1 + T3
3 2 3 3
3 1 2 1
(3) T1 + T3 (4) T1 + T3
2 3 3 3
E
54. ,d fo|qr midj.k 6000 J/min m"ek fudk; dks 61. 0° lsfYl;l ij vkWDlhtu ds v.kq dh oxZ ek/; ewy
iwfrZ djrk gSA ;fn fudk; 90 okV 'kfDr iznku pky 160 eh@ls gSA 0° lsfYl;l ij gkbMªkstu v.kq
djrk jgs] rks vkUrfjd ÅtkZ esa 2.5 × 103 J dh dh oxZ ek/; ewy pky dks izkIr dhft,A
of) gksus esa fdruk le; yxsxk ? (1) 640 eh@lsdUM (2) 40 eh@lsdUM
(1) 2.5 × 102 s (2) 4.1 × 101s
(3) 2.4 × 103 s (4) 2.5 × 101s (3) 80 eh@lsdUM (4) 332 eh@lsdUM
55. leku rki ij gkbMªkstu] vkWDlhtu rFkk 62. foDVksfj;k >jus dh Å¡pkbZ 63 eh gSA >jus ds
dkcZuMkbvkWDlkbM ds oxZ ek/; ewy pky Øe'k% mPpre rFkk fuEure fcUnqvksa ij rki dk vUrj D;k
VH, VO rFkk VC gks] rks : gksrk gS\
(1) VH > VO > VC (2) VC > VO > VH [fn;k x;k gS : 1 dSyksjh = 4.2 twy rFkk ikuh dh
(3) VH = VO > VC (4) VH = VO = VC
fof'k"V m"ek = 1 dSyksjh × xzke–1 × ºC–1]
56. rhu leku nzO;eku ds rhu nzoksa x,y rFkk z dk
(1) 0.147º lsfYl;l (2) 14.76º lsfYl;l
rki Øe'k% 10ºC, 20ºC rFkk 30ºC gSA tc x dks y
ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gS] rks rki 16ºC gksrk (3) 1.476º lsfYl;l (4) 0.014º lsfYl;l
gS rFkk tc y dks z ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gS] 63. ,d m"ek bUtu T2 = 400 K ds BUMs HkaMkj rFkk T1
rks rki 26ºC gksrk gSA tc x rFkk z dks fefJr rki ds xeZ HkaMkj ds chp lapkfyr gksrk gSA ;g ,d
fd;k tk,] rks feJ.k dk rki gksxk & pØ eas xeZ HkaMkj ls 300 J m"ek ysrk gS rFkk 240 J
(1) 28.32º C (2) 25.62º C m"ek BUMs HkaMkj dks iznku djrk gSA xeZ HkaMkj dk
(3) 23.84ºC (4) 20.28ºC U;wure rki _________K gSA
57. 4.0 × 10–3 m3 vk;ru ds ,d csyukdkj crZu esa
1
,d eksy gkbMªkstu rFkk nks eksy dkcZu 64. ,d mRØe.kh; bUtu dh n{krk gSA ;fn flad
4
MkbZvkWDlkbM+ Hkjh gSA feJ.k dk rki 400 K ekurs dk rki 58°C ?kVk fn;k tk,] rks n{krk nks xquh
gq,] xSl ds feJ.k dk nkc gS &[xSl fu;rkad = gks tkrh gSA flad ds rki dh x.kuk dhft, :
8.3 J mol–1 K–1]
(1) 249 × 101 Pa (2) 24.9 × 103 Pa (1) 174°C (2) 280°C
(3) 24.9 × 105 Pa (4) 24.9 Pa (3) 180.4°C (4) 382°C
58. ,d 'khryd rki –10°C ls 25°C ds chp 65. ,d vkn'kZ xSl esa vk;ru 'v' ds lkFk nkc 'p' esa
lapkfyr gksus ij vkSlr 35 okV 'kfDr dk mi;ksx rk{kf.kd ifjorZu lehdj.k dp = –ap ls O;Dr
djrk gSA ;fn ÅtkZ dh dksbZ gkfu u gks rks dv
fdruh vkSlr m"ek izfr lsd.M ;g LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn v = 0 ij p = p0, lhek 'krZ gks]
djrk gS\ rks ,d eksy xSl }kjk izkIr vf/kdre rki gksxk :
(1) 263 J/s (2) 298 J/s
(3) 350 J/s (4) 35 J/s (;gk¡ R xSl fu;rkad gS)

59. ,d xqCckjk lkekU; nkc rFkk 27°C rki ij dqy p0 ap0
185 kg Hkkj ys tkrk gSA ftl Å¡pkbZ ij cSjksehVj (1) (2)
a eR eR
dk nkc 45 lseh ikjs dk LrEHk rFkk rki –7°C gks]
(3) infinity (4) 0ºC
ml ij ;g xqCckjk fdruk Hkkj ys tk;sxk\ eku
yhft, vk;ru vpj gSA 66. r1 rFkk r2 f=kT;kvksa (r1 < r2) ds nks irys /kkrqRoh;
(1) 181.46 fdxzk (2) 214.15 fdxzk xksyh; dks'kksa dks laikfrr dsUnzksa ds lkFk j[kk tkrk
(3) 219.07 fdxzk (4) 123.54 fdxzk gSA nksuksa dks'kksa ds e/; dk Hkkx m"eh; pkydrk K
60. fp=kkuqlkj m"eh; izfrjks/k 10.0 dsfYou × okV –1 dh ds inkFkZ ls Hkjk gSA vkUrfjad dks'k dks rki q1 rFkk
,d NM+ CD dks leku NM+ AB ds e/; esa tM+k
tkrk gSA A, B rFkk D fdukjksa dks Øe'k% 200°C, ckg; dks'k dks rki q2 (tgk¡ q1 < q2) ij iksf"kr
100°C, 125°C ij iksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA CD esa fd;k tkrk gSA inkFkZ ls f=kT;h; izokfgr m"ek dh
m"ek /kkjk P okV gSA P dk eku ___________ gSA nj gksrh gS %
4 pKr1 r2 (q2 - q1 ) pr1 r2 (q 2 - q1 )
(1) (2)
r2 - r1 r2 - r1
K(q2 - q1 ) K(q2 - q1 )(r2 - r1 )
(3) (4)
r2 - r1 4pr1 r2
E
3
67. gkbMªkstu rFkk vkDlhtu ds ,d feJ.k dk 70. ,d vkn'kZ xSl PT = fu;rkad ds vuqlkj izlkfjr
vk;ru 500 cm3, rki 300 K, nkc 400 kPa rFkk gksrh gSA xSl dk vk;ru izlkj xq.kkad gS%
nzO;eku 0.76 xzke gSA vkDlhtu rFkk gkbMªkstu (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 3
ds nzO;ekuksa dk vuqikr gS % T T T T
(1) 3 : 8 (2) 3 : 16 (3) 16 : 3 (4) 8 : 3 71. 3.00 eksy vkn'kZ f}ijekf.od xSl dk rki fcuk
68. ,d g = 1.5 okys xSl lSEiy esa :)ks"e izØe gksrk nkc ifjofrZr fd, 40.0 ° lsfYl;l c<+k fn;k
gS ftlesa vk;ru 1200 lseh3 ls 300 lseh3 rd tkrk gSA xSl ds v.kq ?kw.kZu djrs gS ijUrq nksyu
lEihfMr gksrk gSA ;fn izkjfEHkd nkc 200 kPa gks] ugha djrs gSA ;fn xSl ds vkUrfjd ÅtkZ ifjorZu
rks izØe esa xSl }kjk dr dk;Z dk ije eku x
rFkk xSl }kjk fd;s x;s dk;Z dk vuqikr gks]
_____twy gksrk gSA 10
69. BUMs ekSle ds dkj.k 1 cm2 vuqizLFk dkV ds rks x eku (fudVre iw.kk±d esa iw.kk±fdr½ _______
{ks=kQy okyh 1 m ikuh dh uyh –10°C ij cQZ ls gSA (fn;k gS : R = 8.31 J mol–1 K–1)
72. N2 xSl dh vkSlr LFkkukUrj.k xfrt ÅtkZ ...........°
Hkjh gSA izfrjks/kkRed Å"ek cQZ dks fi?kykus esa
lsfYl;l rki ij fojkekoLFkk ls 0.1 Volt
iz;qDr gksrh gS] 4 kW izfrjks/k esa 0.5 A dh /kkjk
foHkokUrj ls Rofjr bysDVªku ds xfrt ÅtkZ ds
izokfgr dh tkrh gS ;g ekurs gq, fd iw.kZ mRié cjkcj gksrh gSA
Å"ek cQZ dks fi?kykus esa iz;qDr gksrh gS cQZ (fn;k gS kB = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K)
fi?kykus esa yxk U;wure le; gS : (fn;k gS : ikuh (fudVre~ iw.kk±d rd Hkfj;s)
ds lay;u dh xqIr m"ek = 3.33 × 105 J kg–1 cQZ dh 73. 4 eh- yEckbZ rFkk 10 lseh2 vuqizLFk dkV ds
fof'k"V m"ek = 2 × 103 J kg–1 rFkk cQZ dk ?kuRo
= 103 kg / m3)
{ks=kQy dh LVhy NM+ ftldk y = 2.0 × 1011
(1) 0.353 lsdUM (2) 35.3 lsdUM Nm–2 rFkk a = 10–5 °C–1 gS] fcuk foLrkj ds 0°
(3) 3.53 lsdUM (4) 70.6 lsdUM lsfYl;l ls 400° lsfYl;l rd xeZ djh tkrh
gSA NM+ esa mRiUu ruko x × 105 N gS tgk¡ x dk
eku ............. gSA
E
SOLUTION 5. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
1. Official Ans. by NTA (4) Sol. A – B = isothermal process
æv ö é 2V ù
Sol. WIsothermal = nRTln ç 2 ÷ WAB = P1V1 ln ê 1 ú = P1V1 ln(2)
è v1 ø ë V1 û
B – C ® Isochoric process
WIsobaric = PDV = nRDT WBC = 0
WIsochoric = 0 C – A ® Adiabatic process
P
A (T) P é 1ù
P 1=P P1V1 - 1 ´ 2V1 P1V1 ê1 - ú
WCA = 4 = ë 2 û = P1V1
3 1
1- g 1- g 2(1 - g)
P2=P/2 B(T)
C(T/2) 2 Wnet = WAB + WBC + WCA {P1V1 = RT}
P1V1
V = P1V1ln(2) + 0 +
V 2V 2(1 - g)
æ 2V ö é 1 ù
W1 = nRT ln ç ÷ = nRT ln2 Wnet = RT ê ln(2) -
è V ø ë 2( g - 1) úû
æT ö T Option (1) is correct.
W2 = nR ç - T ÷ = –nR
è2 ø 2 6. Official Ans. by NTA (400)
W3 = 0 Þ Wnet = W1 + W2 + W3 3RT
Sol. vrms =
æ 1ö M
Wnet = nRT ç ln 2 - ÷
è 2ø vrms µ T
2. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
(v rms )2 T2
Sol. (a) Isothermal Þ Temperature constant =
(a) ® (ii) (v rms )1 T1
(b) Isochoric Þ Volume constant 400 2
(a) ® (iii) = =
300 3
(c) Adiabatic Þ DQ = 0
Þ Heat content is constant 2
(vrms)2 = (v rms )1
(c) ® (iv) 3
(d) Isobaric Þ Pressure constant 2
(d) ® (i) = ´ 200
3. Official Ans. by NTA (1) 3

Sol. DV = VgDT 400
(v rms )2 = m /s
DV = 3a3aDT 3
Ans. 400
Sol. From the assumption of KTG, the molecules of Sol. A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
gas collide with the walls and suffers 8. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
Sol. dU = nCvdT
momentum change which results in force on the
dQ = nCpdT
wall and hence pressure. dW = PdV = nRdT (isobaric process)
dU : dQ : dW : Cv : Cp : R
Hence option (4) is correct
5R 7R
= : :R = 5 : 7 : 2
2 2
E
9. Official Ans. by NTA (50) 14. Official Ans. by NTA (26)
Sol. P = kV3 Sol. Let common equilibrium pressure of mixture is
P atmp. then
Ti = 100°C & Tf = 300°C
U1 + U2 = Umixutre
DT = 300 – 100 f f f
DT = 200°C P1V1 + P2 V2 = P ( V1 + V2 )
2 2 2
P = kV3 f f f
now PV = nRT ( 2 )( 4.5 ) + (3 )( 5.5 ) = P ( 4.5 + 5.5 )
2 2 2
\ kV4 = nRT Þ P = 2.55 = x × 10–1 atmp
now 4kV3 dV = nRdT So x = 25.5 » 26 (Nearest integer)
\ PdV = nRdT/4
Sol. U = 3PV + 4
nRdT nR
\ Work = ò PdV = ò = DT nf
RT = 3PV + 4
4 4 2
200 f
= ´ nR = 50nR PV = 3PV + 4
4 2
f=6+
Sol. Given that mass of gas is 4u hence its molar PV
mass M is 4g/mol Since degree of freedom is more than 6
1 therefore gas is polyatomic
\ mv 2 = nC v DT
2 16. Official Ans. by NTA (60)
1 m 3R Sol. We know that work done is
m ´ ( 30 ) = ´
2
´DT
2 M 2 W = ò PdV ... (1)
3600 nRT
\ DT = ÞP= ... (2)
3R V
11. Official Ans. by NTA (3) nRT
1(P1,V1,T1 ) ÞW=ò dv ... (3)
PV½ = constant V
and V = KT2./3 ... (4)
nRT
Sol. 2(P2,V2,T2) ÞW=ò × dv ... (5)
KT 2/3
V
V1 V2
PV½ = c 2
Þ from (4) : dv = KT -1/3dT
nRT ½ 3
V =c
V
T = c1 V½ T2
nRT 2 1
T2 æV ö
= ç 2÷
1/2
æ 2V ö
= ç 1÷
1/2
ÞW= ò KT 2/3 3 K T1/3 dT
T1 T1
è V1 ø è V1 ø
T2
= 2 2
T1 ÞW= nR ´ ( T2 - T1 ) ... (6)
3
Sol. (4) Translational degree of freedom = 3
Rotational degree of freedom = 2 Þ T2 – T1 = 90 K ... (7)
1 T 2
Sol. h= = 1– 2 ÞW= nR ´ 90 Þ W = 60 nR
4 T1 3
T2 3 T2 – 52 1
= = Assuming 1 mole of gas
T1 4; T1 2
n=1
So W = 60R
E
Sol. Q = DU + W Sol. aA > aB
Q Length of both strips will decrease
Q = DU +
5 DLA > DLB
4Q
DU =
5
4
nCvDT = nC D T 23. Official Ans. by NTA (113)
5
5 Official Ans. by ALLEN (–113)
CV = C Sol. Ans. (–113)
4
T
5æ f ö 5æ 5ö n = 0.60 = 1 = L
C = ç ÷R = ç ÷R TH
4è2ø 4è2ø
TL
25 = 0.4 Þ TL = 0.4 × 400
C= R x = 25 TH
8
18. Official Ans. by NTA (3) = 160 K = –113°C
q2 24. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
R2 Sol. Since each vibrational mode has 2 degrees of
Sol. q freedom hence total vibrational degrees of
R1
freedom = 48
q1
f = 3 + 3 + 48 = 54
Heat flow rate will be same through both
2 28
q - q q - q2 g=1+ = = 1.03
\ 1 = f 27
R1 R2 25. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
R2q1 – R2q = R1q – R1q2 T Q Q -W
Sol. h = 2 = 2 = 1 (Q W = Q1 – Q2)
R q + R1q2 T1 Q1 Q1
q= 2 1
R1 + R 2 400 W
Ans. (3) =1-
800 Q1
Sol. PV = (n1 + n2 + n3)RT W 1 1
= 1- = Q1 = 2W = 2400 J
é 16 28 44 ù Q1 2 2
P × V = ê + + ú RT 26. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
ë 32 28 44 û
Sol. Let the final temperature of the mixture be T.

é1 ù Since, there is no loss in energy.
PV = ê + 1 + 1ú RT
ë2 û DU = 0
5 RT F F
P= Þ 1 n1R DT + 2 n2RDT = 0
2 V 2 2
20. Official Ans. by NTA (1) F1 F
Sol. Heat and work are treated as path functions in Þ n1R (T1 – T) + 2 n2R (T2 – T) = 0
2 2
thermodynamics.
F1n1RT1 + F2 n 2 RT2 Fn T +F n T
DQ = DU + DW ÞT= Þ 1 1 1 2 2 2
Since work done by gas depends on type of F1n1R + F2 n 2 R F1n1 + F2 n 2
process i.e. path and DU depends just on initial 27. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
and final states, so DQ i.e. heat, also has to Sol. (2) f = 4 + 3 + 3 = 10
depend on process is path.
21. Official Ans. by NTA (4) assuming non linear
RT Cp 2 12
Sol. l= b= =1+ = = 1.2
2pd 2 N A P Cv f 10
l =102 nm
E
Sol. (2) Option (a) is wrong ; since in adiabatic Sol. PVg = constant
process V ¹ constant. Differentiating
Option (b) is wrong, since in isothermal process
T = constant dP gP dP gdV
=- =-
Option (c) & (d) matches isothermes & dV V; P V
adiabatic formula : 35. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
Tg Sol. DQ = DU + DW
TVg–1= constant & g –1 = constant
p Here DW = 0
29. Official Ans. by NTA (1) DQ = DU = nCVDT
Sol. Energy associated with each degree of freedom
5R
1
per molecule = k BT .
DQ = 4 ´ ( 50 ) = 500R
2
2
30. Official Ans. by NTA (1) Hence option (4).
Sol. Adiabatic process is from C to D 36. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
P V -PV P V - PC VC 3RT
WD = 2 2 1 1 = D D Sol. VRMS =
1- g 1- g M
200(3) - (100)(4) mA < mB < mC
= = –500 J Ans. (1)
1 - 1.4 Þ VA > VB > VC
Piston 1 1 1
Þ < <
VA VB VC
Sol. S1 S2 ; S1 > S2
After piston is removed æ mKR ö
Sol. S = a 2b l n ç + 3÷
è Jb
2
Stotal ; Stotal = S1 + S2 ø
Q
32. Official Ans. by NTA (3) S= = joulek / k
T
3RT
Sol. v rms = [a2 b] = Joule/k
M
é mKR ù
vavg =
8 RT PV = nRT ê Jb 2 ú = 1
ë û
p M
Joule
v rms
=
3p R=
v avg 8 K
33. Official Ans. by NTA (1) Joule Joule æ Joule ö
ÞR= ,K = Þb=ç ÷
l l K R è K ø
Sol. K1 K2 æ Joule ö
2l a 2b = ç ÷ Þ a = dimensionless
è K ø
Keq
l l 2l
Reff = + =
K1A K2 A K eq A
2K1K2
Keq =
K1 + K2
E
Sol. Sol. By newton’s law of cooling (with
approximation)
DT
= -C ( Tavg - Ts )
Dt
-10°C
1st = -C ( 70°C - 25°C )
5 min
2
Þ C= min -1
45
T - 65 æ T + 65 ö æ 2 öæ T + 15 ö
2nd = -C ç - 25 ÷ = - ç ÷ç ÷
5 min è 2 ø è 45 øè 2 ø
Þ 9 (T – 65) = – (T + 15)
Þ 10T = 570
Þ T = 57°C
Alternate Solution :
Newton’s law of cooling (without approximation)
TP - TS = ( Ti - TS ) e - Ct
For complete cyclic process
4
DU = 0 1st 65 – 25 = (75 – 25)e–5C Þ e–5C =
5
\ from DQ = DU + W
4
=0+W 2nd T – 25 = (65 – 25)e–5C = 40 × = 32
5
DQ = W T = 57°C
= Area 44. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
= pr1·r2 Sol. CP – CV = R for ideal gas and gas behaves as
= p × (10 × 103) × (10 × 10–3) ideal gas at high temperature
DQ = 100 p so TP > TQ
\ Ans. = 100 45. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
39. Official Ans. by NTA (3) Sol. PVr = const.
TVr–1 = const.
Sol. PV = nRT 5
-1
PV µ T T(l) 3 = const.
Straight line with positive slope (nR) T1 æ l 2 ö
2/3
=
40. Official Ans. by NTA (1) T2 çè l1 ÷ø
2
Sol. g = 1 + 46. Official Ans. by NTA (2)

f æ DQ ö æ DQ ö
2
Sol. ç ÷ =ç ÷
f= è Dt øA è Dt øB
g -1 æ DT ö æ DT ö
mSA ç ÷ = mSB ç ÷
è Dt øA è Dt øB
Sol. Process of isothermal
æ DT ö
æV ö
W = nRTl n ç 2 ÷ SA çè Dt ÷ø A 90 / 6 15 3
= = = =
è V1 ø SB æ DT ö 120 / 3 40 8
ç ÷
= 1 × 8.3 × 300 × ln2 è Dt ø B
= 17258 ×10–1 J 47. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
42. Official Ans. by NTA (3) TL
Sol. h = 1- … (i)
Sol. As per Equi-partition law : TH
Each degree of freedom contributes ( T - 62) = 1 - TL + 62
2h = 1 - L
1 TH TH TH
k B T Average Energy
2
62 1 62
In monoatomic gas D.O.F. = 3 Þh= Þ = Þ TH = 6 × 62 = 372K
1 3 TH 6 TH
Þ Average energy = 3 ´ k B T = kBT In °C Þ 372 – 273 = 99°C
2 2
E
Sol. Q mean free path
1
l=
2 pd 2 n Sol.
l1 d 22 n 2
=
l 2 d12 n1
æ 5ö
2
Q2 T Q T
= ç ÷ = 0.25 = 25 × 10–2 WA = 1 – =1– Þ 2 =
è 10 ø Q1 T1 Q1 T1
49 Official Ans. by NTA (3) Q3 T 2Q3 T
WB = 1 – =1– 3 Þ = 3
3 (Q 2 / 2) T Q2 T
Sol. KE = kT
2 Now, WA = WB
N Q
PV = RT Q1 – Q2 = 2 – Q3
NA 2
PV
N= 2Q1 2Q 3
kT Þ + =3
= N = 1.5 × 1011 Q2 Q2
–nR 2T1 T3
Sol. Work done in adiabatic process = ( Tf – Ti ) Þ + =3
g –1 T T
–nR
\ WAD = ( T2 – T1 ) 2T1 T3
g –1
+ =T
–nR 3 3
and WBC = ( T2 – T1 )
g –1
\ WAD = WBC
Sol. DQ = DU + DW
DT
Sol. = K(Tt - TS ) Tt = average temp.
Dt
DQ DU DW
TS = surrounding temp. = +
61 - 59 æ 61 + 59 ö Dt Dt Dt
= Kç - 30 ÷ ....(1)
4 è 2 ø
51 - 49 æ 51 + 49 ö
6000 J 2.5 ´103
= Kç - 30 ÷ ....(2) = + 90
t è 2 ø 60 sec Dt
Divide (1) & (2)
t 60 - 30 30 Dt = 250 sec
= =
4 50 - 30 20 Option (1)
so, t = 6 minutes
Sol. Since, each vibrational mode, corresponds to
two degrees of freedom, hence, f = 3 (trans.) + 3RT
Sol. VRMS =
3(rot.) + 8 (vib.) = 14 MW
2
& g = 1+
f 1
2 8 At the same temperature VRMS µ
g = 1+ = Mw
14 7
nRDT Þ VH > VO > VC
W= = –582
g –1
Option (1)
As W < 0. work is done on the gas.
E
Sol. X Y Z Sol. Pm = rRT
m1 = m m2 = m m3 = m P rT
T1 = 10°C T2 = 20°C T3 = 30°C \ 1= 1 1
P2 r2T2
s1 s2 s3
when x & y are mixed, Tf1 = 16°C r1 P T æ 76 ö 266
Þ 1 2 = ç ÷´
m1s1T + m2s2T2 = (m1s1 + m2s2)Tf1 r2 P2 T1 è 45 ø 300
s1 × 10 + s2 ×20 = (s1 + s2) × 16 r1 M 76 ´ 266
Þ 1=
2 r2 M2 45 ´ 300
s1 = s 2 ….(i)
3 45 ´ 300 ´ 185
when y & z are mixex, Tf2 = 26°C \ M2 Þ = 123.54 kg
76 ´ 266
m2s2T + m3s3T3 = (m3s3 + m3s3)Tf2 60. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
s2 × 20 + s3 ×30 = (s2 + s3) × 26 Sol.
3
s 3 = s 2 .....(ii)
2
when x & z are mixex
m1s1T1 + m3s3T3 = (m1s1 + m3s3)Tf
2 2 æ2 3 ö
s2 ´ 10 + s2 ´ 20 = ç s2 + s2 ÷ Tf
3 3 è3 2 ø
Tf = 23.84°C Rods are identical so
Ans (3) RAB = RCD = 10 Kw–1
57. Official Ans. by NTA (3) C is mid-point of AB, so
RAC = RCB = 5 Kw–1
Sol. V = 4 × 10–3 m3 at point C
200 - T T - 125 T - 100
= +
n = 3 moles 5 10 5
2(200 – T) = T – 125 + 2(T – 100)
T = 400K 400 – 2 T = T – 125 + 2T – 200
725
T= = 145°C
nRT 5
PV = nRT Þ P =
V 145 - 125 20
Ih = w= w
10 10
3 ´ 8.3 ´ 400 I h = 2w
P= = 24.9 ×105 Pa
4 ´ 10 -3 61. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
Ans 3 3KT
Sol. Vrms =
58. Official Ans. by NTA (1) M
dH (Vrms )O2 MH2 2
TL = =
Sol. = C.O.P. = dt (Vrms )H2 MO2 32
TH - TL dW
dt (Vrm s ) H 2 = 4 ´ ( Vrm s )O
2
= 4 × 160 = 640 m/s

263 dH 62. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
´ 35 =
35 dt
Sol. Change in P.E. = Heat energy
dH mgh = mSDT
= 263 watts
dt gh
DT =
S
Ans.1 10 ´ 63
= = 0.147°C
4200J / kgC
E
Sol. Qin = 300 J ; Qout = 240 J v = ,¥
a
Work done = Qin – Qout = 300 – 240 = 60 J
p1 p
Efficiency =
W 60 1
= =
T= 0 = 0
Qin 300 5 Rae Rae
at v = ¥
T T=0
efficiency = 1– 2
T1 Option (1)
1 400 400 4 66. Official Ans. by NTA (1)
=1- Þ =
5 T1 T1 5
T1 = 500 k
64. Official Ans. by NTA (1) Sol.
Sol. T2 = sink temperature
T2
h = 1-
T1
1 T Thermal resistance of spherical sheet of
= 1- 2 thickness dr and radius r is
4 T1 dr
T2 3 dR =
= … (i) K(4 pr 2 )
T1 4 r2
dr
1 T - 58 R=ò
r1 K(4pr )
2
=1- 2
2 T1
1 æ1 1 ö 1 æ r2 - r1 ö
T2 58 1 R= ç - ÷= ç ÷
- = 4 pK è r 1 r 2ø 4 pK è r1 r2 ø
T1 T1 2 q -q
Thermal current (i) = 2 1
3 58 1 R
= +
4 T1 2 4pKr1r2
i= (q2 - q1 )
1 58 r2 - r1
= Þ T1 = 232
4 T1 67. Official Ans. by NTA (3)
Sol. PV = nRT
3
T2 = ´ 232 æ 25 ö
4 400 × 103 × 500 × 10–6 = n ç ÷ (300)
T2 = 174 K è 3 ø
n=
p v 25
dp
Sol. òp P = -a ò0 dv n = n1 + n2
2 M1 M 2
0
= +
æ p ö 25 2 32
ln ç ÷ = -av Also M1 + M2 = 0.76 gm
è p0 ø M2 16
=
p = p0e-av M1 3
For temperature maximum p-v product should 68. Official Ans. by NTA (480)
be maximum Sol. n = 1.5
pv p 0 ve - av p1v1n = p2v2n
T= = (200) (1200)1.5 = P2 (300)1.5
nR R
P2 = 200 [4]3/2 = 1600 kPa
dT p 0 - av
= 0 Þ {e + ve - av ( -a )} p v -p v æ 480 - 240 ö
dv R |W.D.| = 2 2 1 1 = ç ÷ = 480 J
- av
n -1 è 0.5 ø
p0 e
{1 - av} = 0
R
E
Sol. Pressure is not changing Þ isobaric process
Sol. mass of ice m = rAl = 103 × 10–4 × 1 = 10–1 kg
5nRDT
Energy required to melt the ice Þ DU = nCv DT =
2
Q = msDT + mL and W = nRDT
= 10–1 (2 × 103 × 10 + 3.33 × 105) = 3.53 × 104 J DU 5 x
2
= = Þ x = 25.00
W 2 10
Q = i2RT Þ 3.53 × 104 = æç ö÷ ( 4 ´ 10 3 ) (t)
1
è2ø Sol. Given
Time = 35.3 sec Translation K.E. of N2 = K.E. of electron
Option (2) 3
kT = eV
Sol. PT3 = constant 3
´ 1.38 ´ 10-23 T = 1.6 ´ 10 -19 ´ 0.1
æ nRT ö 3 2
ç v ÷ T = constant Þ T = 773k
è ø T = 773 – 273 = 500°C
4 –1
T V = constant 73. Official Ans. by NTA (8)
T4 = kV Sol. Thermal force F = AyµDT
F = (10 × 10–4) (2 × 1011) (10–5)(400)
DT DV F = 8 × 105 N
Þ4 = .........(1)
T V Þx=8
DV = VgDT.............(2)
comparing (1) and (2)
we get
4
g=
T

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