12.

1 KOORDINASI & GERAKBALAS / COORDINATION & RESPONSE

Rangsangan: Gelombang bunyi Afektor
Perubahan dlm Sound wave (Affector)
persekitaran = Organ yang
Stimulus: mengesan
Changes in rangsangan
environment (Organ that
detects stimulus)

Rangsangan bunyi Reseptor deria

Sound stimulus Sensory receptor

Impuls
(Impulse)
Efektor Pusat intergrasi:
(Effector) tafsir impuls &
= Organ yang koordinasi grkbls
melakukan gerakbalas
(Organ that Integration centre:
carries out response) translates impulse &
Impuls coordinate response
(Impulse)

Gerak balas Otak (pusat integrasi)

Response Brain (integration centre)

JENIS RESEPTOR / TYPE OF RECEPTOR

Reseptor deria Rangsangan yg dikesan
Sensory receptor Stimulus detected
Fotoreseptor Cahaya
Photoreceptor ( 02 } doral
Termoreseptor Perubahan suhu HC03
Thermoreceptor Change in temperature
Kemoreseptor
Chemoreceptor
Bahan kimia
Chemical substance
ion }
Ht Keasidan

Baroreseptor Perubahan tekanan

Baroreceptor Change in pressure
Mekanoreseptor Sentuhan dan tekanan
Mechanorecepto Touch and pressure
r
Nosiceptor Kesakitan
Nociceptor Pain

[] Utk kemandirian
organisma
For the survival of
organism
[] Lindungi diri dari bahaya
Protection from danger
[] Menyesuaikan diri
KEPERLUAN GERAKBALAS dengan perubahan
NECESSITY OF RESPONSE persekitaran
Adapt to the changes
in environment
 12.2 SISTEM SARAF / NERVOUS SYSTEM
autono mi
SS soma
-

Saraf kranium Autonomic NS

(Cranial nerve)

Otak Otak <-> organ deria

Brain <-> sensory organ
Sistem (Brain)
Sistem saraf periferi
saraf pusat Peripheral nervous
Central nervous Saraf spina
(Spinal nerve) system
system
Saraf tunjang Saraf tunjang <-> otot
Spinal cord <-> muscle
(Spinal cord)
SS soma
Reseptor deria Somatic NS
Sensory receptor

Serebrum
Cerebrum
[] Mengawal tindakan terkawal
Controls voluntary action
[] Proses pembelajaran, menghafal, mengira, berbahasa
Learning, memorizing, calculation, language BELA Kang
[] Mengawal emosi, penglihatan, pendengaran, personaliti Serebelum
-

Controls emotion, sight, hearing, personality Cerebellum

[] Permukaan berlipat utk tambah JLP-> lebih byk neuron
Folded surface to increase TSA-> more neurons [] Kekalkan keseimbangan
badan
[] Maintains body balance

[] Koordinasi pengecutan otot

Hipotalamus utk pergerakan
Hypothalamus Coordinate muscle
contraction for movement
[] Koordinasi homeostasis
Coordinate homeostasis
[] Suhu badan, kandungan air, lapar/ dahaga
Body temperature, water content, hunger/
thirst
[] Hubungkan sis.saraf & sis.endokrin
Connects nervous sys & endocrine sys
[] Kawal kelenjar pituitari
Controls pituitary gland

Kelenjar pituitari Medula oblongata

Pituitary gland
pankreas
[] Kelenjar induk dlm sistem endokrin
Master gland of endocrine system
O
[] Rembeskan hormon yg mengawal rembesan
hormon oleh kelenjar endokrin lain
Secretes hormone that control secretion of
hormones from other endocrine gland
O
Medulla oblongata
[] Mengawal tindakan luar kawal
Control involuntary action
[] Denyutan jantung, pernafasan, pencernaan,
tekanan darah, batuk, bersin, menelan, peristalsis
[] Heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, coughing,
sneezing, swallowing, persistalsis
 SARAF TUNJANG/ SPINAL CORD

MRSA
Ly ENTRAL

[] mengandungi akson neuron deria

contains axon of sensory neurone
[] hantar impuls dari reseptor deria ke
saraf tunjang
send impuls from sensory receptor to
spinal cord [] badan sel neuron deria berkumpul
cluster of cell body of sensory neuron
Akar dorsal
Neuron deria Dorsal root
Sensory neurone Ganglion akar dorsal
Dorsal root ganglion Neuron geganti
Relay neurone
Saraf spina
Spinal nerve

Mengandungi neuron
n Jirim kelabu
Grey matter

deria & motor

Contains sensory &
motor neurone
Jirim putih
Neuron motor White matter
Akar ventral [] mengandungi salut mielin
Motor neurone Ventral root contains myelin sheath

[] mengandungi akson neuron motor

contains axon of motor neurone
[] hantar impuls dari saraf tunjang
ke effector
send impuls from spinal cord to effector

mielin
Salut
myelin sheath
[
fo
body cell

① Neuron motor
Neuron deria Neuron geganti
Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone
 otak
Brain
sister
lamnianene saraf
saraf pusat
uranium
sister
cperipheme
Ckranian contra
nervous
nervous saraf
saraf
tunjang systems
system periferi saraf
spina spinal
cord
espinnden
 Mitnitntheinin's

nemnderia

EE i DDE.is
iii i saraf
t
Down
creepton
Brainispinations
deft opk saraf
tunjang
relayneurons
nevronaeganti
Interneurons

É
inin

neuron sister
g
dona
Tita nay

motor
neuron
neuron motor
neuron
referent effector
grand
ÉÉDDATE

common

opt saraf s efelitor

tungang
iBramisping
coffin
 Chevron aerial geganti
chevron neuron motor
neunnafeven neuwnperantaraan neuwneteren

ousandenal

Ibadan
set
v u Lefort u
Cotak

Caffe
c trfreceptor
organder's

otaklsant

I
tungang

aring as
spy
a x
eater
cmusclelgana
 cranasianneuron

partsofneuron

caisson
sheath
de
again
sautmyelin

KIMURA

G
I O
pinker v
dendrit Caxon pangkal
camame Alison
Bonggol
snaps
ceerminalaxons

mommy
capidlager
 Calnan impuls
dalam saraf
CTerkawal

organderia
Rangsangan Reseptor Afektor

Ajar neuron
deria

Balas
ffy
neuwn
sesanti
efeletor otak

kelenjarlotott neuron
motor
 Brain
otak
mengawaltindakan
tenkawal

Hipotalamus

homeostasis
melanoma
sereberim snap balik
mental kelenjar
pituitari
Memon
mengawal
serebellum IQ penghasilan
fizikal hormon
Lingual
Keseimbangan
Kesedaran
badan medulla oblongata
posturbadan
mengawaitindakan
luarkawalan
denyutannadi
denyntanjantung
peristalsis
Kadar respirasi
 saraf tunjang
mengawaltindakan
Refleks

Akardorsal
Hiramputih
tirimkelabu T

damn
Saraf

Akau
ventral motor
neuron

Tindakan
reflets
I
normal sentakan
Intuit
Celakkankecederaan
Sistemsarat
 Anysituasi

W
namudena aka dorsal sin'nkelaby

MEEEEE
as I
t o
remap

I
Qpr
É É G
sensory

É
deadit
r
Iii

Bongo
arson
 Bayamon
99
snaps

vesicel
snaps
Noradrenalin
membrane neurotransmitter Acetylcoline
prasihaps Dophamine
serotonin
possingps
MM

i
prasinaps

tip
A
Tenaga AIP membanth
neurotransmittermilepasi
impulselektrik merangsang perserakkan verily ke 84448 snaps dah memasu
vestal snaps dalam bonggol reseptor pads membinn
arah membrane prasinap
vihaps pra sinaps
vested membebaskah
Vesna bergeralike arah membraneneurotransmitter imputs elekhile d basilican
 ii
centyniptic
iiii conggoisinaps

knob

deft
curanssinars
Noradrenaline

acetyicoline

mimosa
serotonin
creseptor

axon
carson

Diii Éis
a
Eigg pig
one electrical
inthe
impulse
axonsimulates andreleaseneurotransmitter
cleft
thesynapticresidesin atthesynaptic
knob
synaptic some neurotransmitter the
enters
atthe
receptor
membrane
postsynaptic

tomovetowarastnepre
m embrane anomerelecticalimpuise.s
synaptic
prance
mitochmania
release an
tohelp
enemy theresia
themembrane
tomoretwaras
 Endocrine system
sisterneudokin

pituitarygland
Kelenjarpitultan
minify

pankreas
Adrenal
sift
calendar Coran
Adrenal

Pituitary Gland
Keung ar in du k

sterior
Belakang

E Interior
pituitary
gland
Anterior posterior Depan
ya
PH ESH Oxytocin e
SUSU follicle Bersalin
LH ACTH ADH
ovum cortisol
Kencing
GH TSH CAIL
Growth Thyroid
 Horman prolactin
hormone
PH prolate
stimulates the mammary
gland to produce milk
sambat in pregnant woman

skin merangsang Kelenjar maman

until menshasil susu dim
ibn yang mergendung

oositsekunder

Horman Penlutenan
LH Luteinising hormone s pengovalan
14thj

Myqiia.o.at
osee

o ii.it
stimulates ovulation
merangsang pengowlan
FIERIEST initiating hormone
hummer
FSH Follicle stimulating hormone
anysang pertunbuhan
like I
fo
stimulates the growth of follicle

ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone

stimulates the production
of cortisol merangsang Khadi van Adrenal
cortisol dani kelengar

Ehyximtsulaonhtmane
TSH Thyroid stimulating
hormone
gift
stimulates the thyroid gland
to produce hormone Thyroxine that
morningsang kelengar and un tuk menghasilkan
links

oxytocine 2hormone
stimulate the contraction of
tollsduring
uterus
oxy in labour

Labour
rahim nth metahincan
anak
Active
labour passive
labour
if
Dimple air Kelman

antidimtic elate sin

Abittantiomuti hormone Kelman

mengawal penyerapan air dalam

gingal taksulgankeluar

Kenpayaan A DHT
airdim badand BYE fencing sedilat
 p

kkerailan
dwarfism
Git Carowth hormone

stimulates growth
cmerangsang pertumbuhan badan

Excessive
gigantism
gigantismes
lack dwarfism
Kerdil gergasi
gigantism
 lubing Goitre
Kelenjar avoid telebth hipertividism

TiroKsl ha

Karanghormone
batch meryebab
goitre
Goitre

Calendar meughnsilken hornon

Tini'd
That mengawal metabolism
a
y
bad an

Kelenjar Adrenal

l
Pankreas

Menghas ill
can
horn on nth ka wat
dim darah
Rosa

glukagon
glikogen glulosa
insulin
glukosa glikogen
ctenay
 kelenjar Adrenal

1
Adrenalin a
Aldosterone
horn on
Kaunas an mengawal germ
dalam darah
horman darah
gemumh

Test's ovary

menebalkan
Gum oestrogen
dinding endometrium
4th tatar hand
membann
membanth dalam perempelan
pertmbuhan organ ovum
embryo
sells lelaki pertembangan
sperma
membarki dindingendofers'm
selepas fasa Haid
man bantu pertimbuhan seksual
selander