Ch.

4-5 Mock Chapter Test

Multiple Choice

2) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

A) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy.
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy.
C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
D) A and B
E) B and C

11) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

A) DNA.
B) a cell wall.
C) a plasma membrane.
D) ribosomes.
E) an endoplasmic reticulum.

12) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the
corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation
is that
A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface- to- volume ratio than animal
cells.
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than
animal cells.
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
D) animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated.
E) the basic functions of plant cells are very different from those of animal cells.

14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
A) the evolution of larger cells after the evolution of smaller cells
B) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
C) the evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes
D) the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cellʹ s function
E) the observation that longer cells usually have greater cell volume

15) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules?
A) lipids
B) starches
C) proteins
D) steroids
E) glucose

19) Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and
steroids?
A) ribosome
B) lysosome
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondrion
E) contractile vacuole

20) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
A) rough ER
B) lysosomes
C) plasmodesmata
D) Golgi vesicles
E) tight junctions

22) The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one
to most reliably conclude that
A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the
ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.
B) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system.
C) the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope.
E) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins.

26) Tay- Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and
becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be
involved in this condition?
A) the endoplasmic reticulum
B) the Golgi apparatus
C) the lysosome
D) mitochondria
E) membrane- bound ribosomes

28) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome

33) Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to
oxygen?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome

35) Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
A) ribosomes.
B) mitochondria.
C) chloroplasts.
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C

36) The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner
membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in
prokaryotic respiration?
A) in the cytoplasm
B) on the inner mitochondrial membrane
C) on the endoplasmic reticulum
D) on the inner plasma membrane
E) on the inner nuclear envelope

39) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma
membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
A) a bacterium.
B) an animal, but not a plant.
C) a plant, but not an animal.
D) a plant or an animal.
E) any kind of organism.

47) Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?

A) cilia
B) centrioles
C) flagella
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C

51) If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs
or tissues would you expect dysfunction?
A) limbs, hearts, areas with a good deal of contraction
B) microvilli, alveoli, and glomeruli
C) all ducts, such as those from salivary or sebaceous glands
D) sperm, larynx, and trachea
E) egg cells (ova), uterus, and kidneys

53) Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following?
A) ameboid movement
B) formation of cleavage furrows
C) contracting of muscle cells
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C

54) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true ?

A) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and
disassembly of a large number of complex proteins into larger aggregates.
B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, while microtubules
resist tension (stretching).
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to
move relative to each other.
D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the
cellʹ s metabolism
E) Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the
cytoskeleton.
60) A cell lacking the ability to make and secrete glycoproteins would most likely be deficient
in its
A) nuclear DNA.
B) extracellular matrix.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C

62) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following
structures in animal cells?
A) peroxisomes
B) desmosomes
C) gap junctions
D) extracellular matrix
E) tight junctions

16) Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help
keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?
A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, forcing adjacent lipids to be
further apart.
B) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content and therefore more
cholesterol in membranes.
C) Unsaturated fatty acids permit more water in the interior of the membrane.
D) The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.
E) The double bonds result in shorter fatty acid tails and thinner membranes.

19) An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane
would likely be impaired in which function?
A) transporting ions against an electrochemical gradient
B) cell- cell recognition
C) maintaining fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer
D) attaching to the cytoskeleton
E) establishing the diffusion barrier to charged molecules

24) Which of these often serve as receptors or cell recognition molecules on cell surfaces?
A) transmembrane proteins
B) integral proteins
C) peripheral proteins
D) integrins
E) glycoproteins

29) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
A) large and hydrophobic
B) small and hydrophobic
C) large polar
D) ionic
E) monosaccharides such as glucose

30) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma

membrane?
A) It is a peripheral membrane protein.
B) It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.
C) It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function.
D) It works against diffusion.
E) It has few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids.

34) Water passes quickly through cell membranes because

A) the bilayer is hydrophilic.
B) it moves through hydrophobic channels.
C) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.
D) it is a small, polar, charged molecule.
E) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.

40) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body
fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of
his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
B) The patientʹ s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic
compared to the cells.
C) The patientʹ s red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared
to the cells.
D) The patientʹ s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic
compared to the cells.
E) The patientʹ s red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared
to the cells.

41) Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard.
Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the
cells of the celery stalks are
A) hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.
B) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.
C) hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.
D) hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.
E) isotonic with fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.
43) At the beginning of the experiment,
A) side A is hypertonic to side B.
B) side A is hypotonic to side B.
C) side A is isotonic to side B.
D) side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose.
E) side A is hypotonic to side B with respect to sodium chloride.

44) If you examine side A after 3 days, you should find

A) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.
B) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in
the concentration of glucose.
C) no net change in the system.
D) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level.
E) no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.

52) Which of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis?
A) facilitated diffusion.
B) movement of water into a cell
C) Na+ ions moving out of the cell
D) movement of glucose molecules
E) movement of water into a paramecium

59) The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

A) low cellular concentrations of sodium.
B) high cellular concentrations of potassium.
C) an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.
D) a cotransport protein.
E) a gradient of protons across the plasma membrane.

60) Ions diffuse across membranes down their

A) chemical gradients.
B) concentration gradients.
C) electrical gradients.
D) electrochemical gradients.
E) A and B are correct.

64) Several seriously epidemic viral diseases of earlier centuries were then incurable because
they resulted in severe dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea. Today they are usually
not fatal because we have developed which of the following?
A) antiviral medications that are efficient and work well with all viruses
B) antibiotics against the viruses in question
C) intravenous feeding techniques
D) medication to prevent blood loss
E) hydrating drinks that include high concentrations of salts and glucose

69) In receptor- mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the
cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis?
A) on the outside of vesicles
B) on the inside surface of the cell membrane
C) on the inside surface of the vesicle
D) on the outer surface of the nucleus
E) on the ER

38) Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is
A) hypotonic.
B) plasmolyzed.
C) isotonic.
D) saturated.
E) hypertonic.

39) After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?
A) The molarity of sucrose and glucose are equal on both sides.
B) The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B.
C) The water level is higher in side A than in side B.
D) The water level is unchanged.
E) The water level is higher in side B than in side A.

46) Which line represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 molar solution at
the beginning of the experiment?

47) Which line represents the bag with the highest initial concentration of sucrose?

48) Which line or lines represent(s) bags that contain a solution that is hypertonic at the end of
60 minutes?
A) A and B
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) D and E
Short Answer

#10 (2006) –
A major distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of membrane-bound organelles in
eukaryotes.
a. Describe the structure and function of TWO eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles other than the
nucleus.
b. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some non-membrane bound components in common. Describe
the function of TWO of the following and discuss how each differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- DNA
- cell wall
- ribosomes
c. Explain the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells and discuss an example of evidence
supporting this theory.