Chemistry Classes, Instructor NAVEEN JAISWAL, Topic Coordination compound , Phone

8795430430,9621440450

20. tyrosinase enzyme

causes albinism
21. Coenzymes

BIOMOLECULES
enzyme require non protienic part for their reactivity eg
metal
22. nucleic acids
form by nucleotides.
And are of two type DNA and RNA
1. Amino acids: 23. nucleotide
contain amine group as well as acid group contain (i) nitrogen base (ii) a five carbon sugar ie pentose
NH2-CH2-COOH sugar (iii) a phosphate group.
2. Lack of amino acid causes 24. Nucleosides :
kwashiorker disease Form by nitrogen base & five carbon sugar.
3. Essential amino acids: 25. Nitrogenous base are of two type
can not be produced by our bodies and must be supplied to Purine
our diet.. Example: lysine, valine. adenine and guanine
4. Non-essential amino acids : Pyrimidine
can be produced by our bodies and, not be taken in diet cytosine uracil, , thiamine
Examples: glycine, alanine 26. Pentose sugar two types
5. Amino acid is amphoteric Deoxyribosesugar and Ribose sugar
NH2 group act as base COOH group act as acid 27. complementary
6. Zwitter ion adenine is linked with thiamine by means of 2 hydrogen
These are the dipolar ion +NH3CHCOO- bond and guanine linked with cytosine by 3 hydrogen bond
7. Isoelectric Point: 28. Mutation:
pH at which zwitter ion does not migrate to any electrode Sudden chemical change in a DNA
8. Peptides: 29. Vitamins:
formed by two amino acids. which are required in small amounts for normal growth and
NH2-CH2-COOH + HNH-CH2-COOH NH2-CH2-CONH-CH2-COOH development of body .
30. Water soluble :
9. peptide bond
B and C
CONH bond
31. Fat soluble :
10. Poly peptide
A, D, E, K are fat soluble vitamins
form by condensation reaction of more than 2 amino acid
32. Monosaccharides
11. Proteins :
carbohydrates which cannot be hydrolysed Glucose (C6
form by condensation reaction of more than 100 alpha
H1206), Fructose (C6H1206)
-amino acids
33. Oligosaccharides :
12. Fibrous proteins:
carbohydrates which can be hydrolysedto give 2,3,4
linear thread like molecules held together by H -bonds. Ex:
monosachharide Ex: Raffinose , Sucrose
Keratin, collagen.
34. Disaccharides:
13. Globular proteins:
hydrolysed to give two monosaccharide Sucrose, lactose,
molecules are folded together into compact form often
maltose (C12H22 O11)
approach spherical shape. Ex: albumin and insulin
35. Trisaccharides :
14. Simple protein
hydrolysed to give three monosaccharide Raffinose
on hydrolysis give simple amino acid
(C18H32O16)
15. Denaturation of proteins
36. Polysaccharides
Protein get coagulated on heating or action of virus or
hydrolysed to give many monosaccharides. Ex Cellulose,
change in pH eg hardening of egg .
starch, glycogen etc.
During denaturation protein lost their physiological activity
structure of glucose
and secondary and tertiary structure get disturbed but
primary structure remain intact
16. Function of protein
provide outercovering of our body
presence in bone and muscle provide movement of our
body
hb transfer oxygen to remote corner of the body
17. enzyme
are the biological catalyst which catalyses biochemical
37. Open structure can not give test
reaction
schiff test, DNP test, cant react with NH2OH, NaHSO3
18. Strepto kinase enzyme
38. Reducing Sugars:
used to dissolve blood clot
carbohydrates which reduce Fehling's solution and
19. Phenyl alanine hydroxylase
Tollen'sreagent . Ex: glucose and fructose
causes phenyl ketone urea
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Chemistry Classes, Instructor NAVEEN JAISWAL, Topic Coordination compound , Phone
8795430430,9621440450
39. Non-reducing Sugars :
carbohydrates which do not reduce Fehling's solution and
Tollen's reagent : Sucrose
40. Structure of fructose
41. Structure of sucrose
42. Mutarotation :
change in specific rotation of an α D and β D glucose with
time when allowed to stand in water
43. Starch :
polymer of D-glucose consists of Amylose Amylopectin
44. Cellulose:
It is the main structural unit of plants.
45. function of carbohydrate in plant
it provide structure material for cell wall , reserve food in
form of starch
46. Glycosidic linkage
two monosaccharide are held together by glycosidic linkage
47. Glycogen
stored in animal body when the body need glucose enzyme
break the glycogen into glucose
48. Different type of RNA
Ribosomal messanger transfer
Human body do not produce enzymes which can digest
cellulose
49. Deficiency of Vitamin ABCDEKH
night blindness, berriberry, scurvy, ricket, infertility,
haemophillia, dermitatis
50. Primary structure of protein
it is the arrangement of amino acid in sequence
this sequence decide the structure and function of protein
51. Secondary structure
52. Alpha helix
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding takes place between CO
and NH group as result molecule form spring like structure
53. Beta pleated
alpha helix lie side by side and held together intermolecular
hydrogen bonding takes place molecule get stretched
54. what is difference between and non essential amino
acid: essential amino acids
These are the amino acids which cannot be produced by
our bodies and must be supplied to our diet.
Example: lysine, valine
55. Non-essential amino acids : These are the amino acids
which can be made by our bodies and, therefore, we do not
require them in our diet. They are 10 in number. Examples:
glycine, alanin
56. difference between Globular protein and Fibrous
proteins
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Fibrous proteins These types of proteins consist of linear
thread like molecules which tend to lie side by side to form
fibres. The molecules are held together by H -bonds. They
are insoluble in water. Example: Keratin, collagen
Globular protein In this type of proteins, the molecules are
folded together into compact form. The peptide chains are
held together by H-bonds. They are soluble in water.
Example: enzymes, hormones
57. What are the different types of RNA found in the cell?
Ribosomal RNA
messanger RNA
transfer RNA
58. Write two main functions of carbohydrates in plants.
it provide structure material for cell wall (ii) reserve food in
form of starch
59. What do you understand by the term denaturation of
proteins?
When protein is heated it get coagulated
It can also be done by change in pH
It does not change primary structure but changes the
secondary structure of protein. (ii) It may or may not be
reversible Example: Coagulation of milk, boiling of egg.
60. What are reducing sugar
The carbohydrates which reduce Fehling's solution and
Tollen's reagent are called reducing sugars. Examples:
glucose and fructose
61. What are Peptide
linkage formed by the condensation of two amino acids.
CONH
62. Two strands in DNA are not identical but are
complementary. Explain.
adenine is linked with thiamine by means of 2 hydrogen
bond and guanine linked with cytosine by 3 due to this
specific nature of base pairing the 2 strand of DNA are
complementary not identical
63. What happens when D-glucose is treated with the
following reagents? (i) HI (ii) Bromine water (iii)
HNO3 What is glycogen? How is it different from
starch? Reducing
n hexane (ii) gluconic acid (iii) saccharic acid Sugars:
64. What type of bonding helps in stabilising the α-helix
structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonding actually occurs between C = O group of
one amino acid unit and—NH— group of the fourth amino
acid
65. Why are vitamin A and vitamin C essential to us? Give
their important sources.
help in growth of skeleton (ii) in maintaining proper vision
(iii) essential for healthy teeth
necessary for teeth gum and joints (ii) healing of wound (iii)
it gives resistance against desease
66. What is the basic structural difference between starch
and cellulose?
Starch consist of amylase and amylopectin amylose is
linear polymer of glucose unit it is soluble in water whereas
amylopectin is branched chain polymer of glucose unit it is
insoluble in water
Where as cellulose is straight chain polymer of B glucose
unit
67. Native state of proteins
Chemistry Classes, Instructor NAVEEN JAISWAL, Topic Coordination compound , Phone
8795430430,9621440450

Proteins present in living things is called as native state of

proteins
68. What are the hydrolysis products of (i) sucrose and
(ii) lactose?
Sucrose give glucose and fructose
Lactose give beta D glucose and beta D galactose
69. With HCN

70. With hydroxyl amines

71. With Red P and HI

72. With HNO3

73. With acetic anhydride

74. With Bromine water

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