Biomolecules & Polymers 11.

Chapter 11 Biomolecules & Polymers

DPP : 1
1. 6. D Glucose is monomer of cellulose.
7. In proline 2o amine is present.
It has more number of basic functional groups than
carboxylic acids basic amino acid.
does not produce N2 gas with HNO2
2. Two strands in a DNA are not exactly similar.
3. Vitamin E is also called as Tocopherol.
4.
8.
due to poor conduction of electrical impulses along

9. Conc. H2SO4 is dehydrating agent. It dehydrates

C6H12O6.
5. 10. It alkaline medium sugars undergo rearrangement.

DPP : 2
1. Monomeric unit present in starch is D Glucose 5.
2.

6. Caprolactam is monomer of Nylon 6

7. : Aspartame can be named as partyl phenylalanine
3. Al2(C2H5)6 + TiCl4 Ziegler Natta catalyst. methyl ester.
:
4. : It has four functional groups (carboxylic acid;
amine; amide; ester).
11.2 Chemistry

8. 10.

9. R—N==N—R; R—O—O—R are free radical

initiators.

EXERCISE 1

1.

Three chiral carbon atoms

stereo isomers = 2n = 23 = 8
2.
aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which can
produce these on hydrolysis.
3. Arabinose is a monosaccharide pentose. (C5) 7.
Glucose; Fructose; galactose are hexoses (C6).
4. and D
anomeric carbon atom.
8.

5.
It indicates presence of 5 OH groups.

9. Peptide bond is chemically amide bond

It can form H bonding with
neighbouring peptide chain.

10.

6.

11.

pKa (x) + pKa (y) 1.89 + 3.65

pI = 2 = 2 = 2.77
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.3
12. and Glucoses are anomers. 28. Sucrose
H2 O
Glucose + Fructose
H+

13. : anomer
: pyranose (6 membered ring) 29.
: D isomer
14. Glucose and fructose reduces Fehlings solution.
Glucose & aldo hexose
15. Fibrinogen is responsible for blood clotting. 30. 3 Functional group isomers
Fructose & keto hexose
16.

Sucrose is dextro compound but hydrolysis product

The mixture is 31. D Glucopyranose.

17. glucose and D fructose

18. Glycoside linkage is an acetal linkage

32.
19.
rotatory compound.
20. Monomeric unit present in cellulose is D Glucose
21. : All monosaccharides are reducing sugars.
H2 O
: 33. Cane Sugar H+
Glucose + Fructose
towards bromine water test. (Sucrose)
:
any chiral carbon atom.
: 1 and C2 atoms.
22. DNP; 34. C1 and C2
NH2OH; Tollen’s reagent and NaHSO3. formation.
Glucose & aldo hexose
23. 3 Functional group isomers 35. Due to
Fructose & keto hexose
Tollen’s Test (AgNO3 + NH4OH).
24. Minimum three carbon atoms are required for
monosaccharide.
36.
hydroxy ketone
Tollen’s reagent
25. Monosaccharides do no undergo hydrolysis to : Fructose is a keto hexose.
produce simpler units.
37.
26.

27.

Four chiral C atoms

11.4 Chemistry
49.
sulphur reacts with and form cross linked
polymer (Vulcanised rubber).
38.
50. In elastomers the weakest interparticle forces are
present.
51. Buna S rubber has butadiene and styrene monomeric
units.
Co polymer
52. Neoprene has 2 chloro butadiene monomeric
39. units Homopolymer.

53.

H2 O
54. Cellulose H+ / 3
D Glucose

40. Nylon has amide functional group.

55. Triamino

41. 56. is coated as a thin layer on the

inner side of non stick pans due to its high melting
point.
57. PDI Polydispersity Index of the polymer.
58. Polyetheylene is generally used in carry bags
42. Caprolactan is monomer of Nylon 6 59.

43. 60. Vulcanised rubber is hard due to cross link and

61. Commercial names of polymethyl methacrylate are:

44.
62. its monomer is —R2SiO—

45. Nylon bonding.

46.
63.

47. Thermoplastic polymers can be remelted

48. Nylon 64. The turbidity of a polymer solution measures light
scattered by the solution.
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.5
65. Lexan is used in making bullet proof glass.
66. Adipic acid and hexamethylene tetramine is used in 70.
the formation Nylon

67. 71. Glyptal is used in making points

72. Polysters are resulting from condensation between
dicarboxylic acid and diols.
68.
drink bottles etc.
73.

69.

EXERCISE 2
1. In aldoses C1; ketoses C2 are functional group carbon
8.
at functional group carbon atoms are called anomers.
2. Due to presence of aldehyde functional group

3.
carbon atom.
4.
st carbon atom.
5. Carbohydrates contain minimum three carbon
atoms. 9. Charring of sugar is a dehydration.
Ex: (∵ Conc. H2SO4 is a dehydrating agent).

6. Arabinose is a pentose sugar.

10. Peptide bond is chemically amide

which is resulting from condensation between two

amnoacids.
pka1 + pka2
11. Isoelectroelectric point = 2
12. Peptide bond is chemically amide bond. Protein has
7. peptide bonds.
13. The pH at which amino acid does not migrate
towards either of electrodes during electrolysis is
called isoelectric point.
14.
11.6 Chemistry
15. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. 27. 2 water but ketoses
Proteins on hydrolysis produces amino acids. 2 water.

16. Proteins are polyamides (which are resulting from

amino acids) 28.
5
: - NH3 & acidic

17.
: Basic

29.

18. Xanthoproteic Test

phenyl group) on treatment with conc. HNO3

19.

30. Hemoglobin molecule has four polypeptide chains

(two alpha chains and two beta chains).
31. Cobalt 60 is used to destroy tumors (cancer
treatment).
32. In nucleic acids pentose sugar is connected to base
and phosphate group.
Base — Sugar — phosphate
33. Natural rubber has isoprene units.
H2 O
20. Cellulose H 5 n D Glucose isoprene
21.
34. Dienes polymerises more easily than normal alkenes
and alkynes.
35. M n < M w

FeSO4/H2O2 Fenton’s reagent. 36. SBR Styrene Butadiene rubber.

It is a synthetic rubber.
22. Secondary structure of protein refers to regular
folding patterns of the polypeptide chain. 37. Polyester is a condensation polymer.
H2 O
23. Starch H5
n D Glucose
24. 38. Butyl rubber is a copolymer of isobutylene with
atom. isoprene.
25. D Glucose solution contains 36% of D Glucose
39. Coordination polymerisation is a form of
and 64% of D Glucose.
polymerisation that is catalysed by transition metal
26. Natta catalyst.
: HDPE (High density polyethene) is a
coordination polymer.
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.7
40. 44.
41. Thermosetting polymers are
: Cross linked polymers.
: Cross linking occurs during heating when it
45.
: Do not melt or soften on heating.
42. : 46. triamino
intermolecular forces of attraction between
polymer chains.
Ex: Rubber.
47.
43.
48. Nylon 6 is used as a tyre cord.

EXERCISE 3
1. 8. 3
NH2). + NH4OH).
2. Insulin is not a sterioid harmone but it is an anabolic
harmone. 9.
OH OH O N OH

3. 3H2
Ni
P.C.C. NH2OH
H
+

P Q R 10. Chargaff’s rule states that DNA from any cell of any
H H2SO4
O
N
Nylon"6
! Adenine is equal to thymine; amount of Guanine is
Polymerisation
equal to cytosine.
S
) Compound S is caprolactam. 11.

12. DNA has no uracil base.

4. : RNA has no thymine base.
: Sanger’s reagent 13.
: used for N terminal analysis.
5. At isoelectric point amino acid is least soluble
because at isoelectric point (pH) molecule is
AT
amino acid aminoacid interaction increases and 14. CG = 0.93
precipitation are more likely.
6. Tripeptide
H2 O
Glu - Cys + Cys - Gly moles of guanine -
H5
(x) 15.
7. stability of carbocation intermediate. As
forms most stable carbocation it undergoes cationic

16. Phenol formaldehyde resin is called Bakelite.

11.8 Chemistry
O O O
17. HO OH 24. Acidic strength order:
C C OH + HO C OH > NH3

O O
O
C C O
n 25.
poly ethylene terephthate (Terylene) Polyester.
18.
O O O
C H C OH C H
H OH H OH H OH
Br2 FeSO4
H OH H2O H OH H2O2 H OH
H OH H OH CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH Erythrose

19.

26.

20.

In presence of alkali hydroxy ketone (Ex:fructose)

change to aldehyde 27.

21.

28.

22. Sucrose disaccharide; Non reducing sugar.

Fructose Ketose sugar
23. Among
(∵ no chirality) : It is a condensation polymer; copolymer
O
H2C C OH (glycine) 29.
NH2
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.9
37. All mono saccharides exhibit mutarotation (due to
presence of hemiacetal group )
30. : D Glucose 38. : All mono saccharides are reducing sugars.
: pyranose (∵ 6 membered : Sucrose; poly saccharides (starch; cellulose) are
ring with oxygen) non reducing sugars.
: anomer. O O OH OH
C
31. 39. Molecules with C H ; C CH ; H OR
groups are reducing sugars.
40.

32. 41.

Basic aminoacids because more number of amine

groups are present.

33. : Compound (x) is non reducing sugar (∵ no

42.
hemiacetal group is present).
: Compound (y) is reducing sugar (∵ hemiacetal
group is present).
43.
are essential aminoacids. These can’t be synthesised
34. in the body and must be obtained through diet.
44. :
: It has cis
: It is hom opolymer
: It is addition polymer

35. : Sucrose has glycosidic linkage between glucose

and fructose.
45. : Chain growth polymers are Addition polymers.
: Amylose has glycosidic linkage between
glucose molecule. : Cationic; anionic; free radical polymerisation
takes place.
: Maltose has glycosidic linkage between two
glycose molecules. : Alkenes participate in addition polymerisation

Ex:
36.

at C3 4 5 atoms
11.10 Chemistry
46. Polycarbonates are thermoplastic polymers.
: Contains carbonate group
: Polycarbonate is mainly used for electronic
applications.

52. Nylon 66; Nylon 6; Nylon

polymer

53.

47.

54. PMMA Poly methyl metacrylate

These are addition polymers (chain growth

polymers)
55. : function
48. : Proteins; Cellulose; Natural rubber are natural
groups
polymers.
There are polyamides.
:
: Alkyd has ester group
49. Condensation polymers (polyesters; polyamides)
are step growth polymers. It is a polyester
Ex: Nylon 6
56. functional
50. Nucleic acids long chain polymer of nucleotide
with phosphodiester linkage groups Nitrogen is present.
Leather; Nucleic acids Biopolymers 57.

51.

PHBV; Nylon
condensation co polymers.
Polymer Monomers
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.11
58.
67.

68. to 69.

59. : Sucrose Non reducing sugar :

: reducing sugar
: Methyl maltoside is non reducing (∵ acetal 70.
group is present).
6 6
60. Nucleophilic reagent OH ; NH2 ; R 6 induce
anionic polymerisation.
61.

71.

62. CH2=CH2 undergoes cationic polymerisation most

63. Acetal/ketal is glycosidic linkage. 72.

In IV molecule glycosidic linkage is present at C2

position. for natural polymers PDI is generally close to one.
64. At anomeric carbon if OH/ OR present on left side
called anomer 73.
II and IV molecules are anomers.
65.
None of them are anomers.

66.
: PET is a condensation polymer

Stereo isomer = 2n = 22 = 4.
74. no lone pairs in conjugation.
11.12 Chemistry
4.25 + 2.19
87. pI = 2 = 3.22
75.
3.22×10 & 32.2

88.
—NH2; groups are basic.
76. Gly Ala Val Ala Gly Val Val Ala Gly Stereo isomer = 2n = 24 = 16.
Gly Val Ala Ala Val Gly Val Gly Ala
2+4
77. Cytosine forms three H bondings with guanine.
89. pI (asparticacid) = 2 =3=x
9 + 13
2 = 11 = y
78. Haemoglobin molecule contains four polypeptide pI (Arginine) =
chains.
x + y = 14
79. The process of glycolysis produces a net gain of two
NADH molecules. 90.
80.

81. A nanopeptide contians 8 peptide linkages.

82. 5 chiral carbon atoms are present.

91.

83.
remaining are reducing sugars.
84. CHO CO2H
H OH H OH
HO H Br2
HO H 4!chiral
H2O
H OH H OH c!atoms
H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH

85.

92. Polymer Uses

1) PHBV making capsules (control drug release)
86. 2) PCTFE Non sticky surface of cooking
pans
3) PMMA Transparent domes
4) Glyptal
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.13
93. Sucrose glycosidic linkage between C1 of glucose
and C2 of fructose. It is a diasaccharide.
Cellulose : polysaccharide
: glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4
of D glucose
Maltose : Disaccharide
: glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4
of D glucose
Starch : Disaccharide
: glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4;
C1 and C6 of D Glucose
95. Sucralose
Aspartame
94. Aldaric acid oxidation product of Aldohexose
Xylitol reduction product of aldopentose

1. Val : (CH3)2CH —
Ser : HO — CH2 —
Thr : CH3 — CHOH — 5.

3.

6. (cysteine) has SH (Thiol) group.

7.

8. Polymer Uses
4. (1) Polystyrene Toys
(2) Glyptal Paints and Lacquers
(3) PVC Rain coats
(4) Bakelite Compouter discs

9. Not present in DNA

10.
molecule of Glucose in photo synthesis.
11.

Fehling’s reagent.
11.14 Chemistry
H2 O
16. Cellulose H+
D glucose
12. ; —OH groups should present in typical 17. CO2H; SO3H) and
carbohydrates.
13.

14. DNA has thymine and cytosine bases (pyrimidine

bases).
15.
carbon atom (anomeric carbon).
Ex: In glucose C1 is anomeric carbon.
(In fructose it is C2).

1.
8.

2. 9. Two form of D Glucopyranoses ( ) are anomers.

10.
3. Glyptal is used in the manufacture of paints and Test.
lacquers. Ex: glucose; Fructose
D ]+g Glu cos e + D (–) Fructose
H +, H 2 O
4. D and L isomers mirror images of each other. 11. sucrose
^Dextrorotary h
Hydorlysis
^laevorotary h

CH2OH CH2OH
H O H H O OH
H H
OH H OH H
OH OH OH H
H OH H OH
! - D - glucopyranose " - D - glucopyranose

D glucopyranose and D glucopyranose are

5. anomers of each other.
H2 O
13. Sucrose H5
D(+) Glucose + D ( ) Fructose
[ ]=+ 66o [ ] = + 52o [ ]= 92o
: Hydrolysis product of sucrose (D Glucose and
D
: 20o
6. Dacron is a condensation polymer of Terephthalic
acid and ethylene glycol.

7.
 Biomolecules & Polymers 11.15

18.
14.

* For D 5
should be same.
* Remaining chiral carbons are three
Stereo isomers = 2n = 23 = 8.
19. :
CO2H group than NH2 groups).
pI is less than 7.0.
:
NH2 groups than CO2H groups).
pI is more than 7.0.
: basic amino acids at pH=7 will be present
in cationic form.
Compound
15. ]X g Non reducing sugar
glycocidic linkage
Compound
]Y g Reducing sugar

20.
glycocidic linkage
16.
produces glycine (naturally occuring amino acid).

21.

Hydrolysis
17. Peptide glycine + valine + * Decapeptide has nine peptidebonds on
^gly h ]valg
hydrolysis it will absorb nine water molecules.
phenylalanine + alanine Total mass of hydrolysis product
^phe h ]alag

& 796 + 18×9 = 958

M.wt. of M.wt. of
: Alanine has c terminus decapeptide H2 O

NH2 is connected to chiral center. Glycine has 958×47

100 = 450
: * Mass of glycine in hydrolysis =
no chiral centre Glycine is not N terminus. * Number of glycine molecules in one molecule
Hence possible combinations are 450
of decapeptide = 75 = 6
(1) phe gly gly phe ala
(2) phe gly phe gly ala
11.16 Chemistry