GEOLOGY

ENGR. ANGELICA S. BUTON, MGM

 Geology ….
comes from the Greek words "geo" meaning
earth and "logos" meaning treaty or
knowledge;

Therefore it’s defined as the science of earth

THE SCIENCE and aims at understanding the evolution of the
OF GEOLOGY planet and its inhabitants, from ancient times to
the present through the
analysis of rocks.
 BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY MINERALOGY P E T RO L O G Y STRUCTURAL

GEOLOGY

ECONOMIC ENGINEERING MINING

S T R AT I G R A P H Y
GEOLOGY GEOLOGY GEOLOGY

GEOPHYSICS GEOHYDROLOGY G E O C H E M I S T RY
 Deals with the following:
PHYSICAL Physical features of the earth, such as mountains,
GEOLOGY plateaus, valleys, rivers, lakes, glaciers and volcanoes
in terms of their origin and development;

The different changes occurring on the earth

surface like marine transgression, marine regression,
formation or disappearance of rivers, springs and
lakes

Natural phenomena like landslides, earthquakes and

weathering.
Deals with the study of minerals, its MINERALOGY
mode of formation, composition,
occurrence, types, association, properties
and uses.

Minerals are substances naturally

formed in the Earth. They are the basic
units (rocks and ores) which the earth
are made up of.
PETROLOGY
Petrology deals with the study of rocks.
The earths crust also called lithosphere
is made up of different types of rocks.

Petrology deals with the mode of

formation, structure, texture,
composition, occurrence, and types of
rocks.
 S T RU C T U R A L
Deals with the geometric relationships of
GEOLOGY
rocks and geologic features in general.

Rocks, which from the earths crust,

undergo various deformations,
dislocations and disturbances under
the influence of tectonic forces.

The result is the occurrence of different

geological structures like folds, fault,
joints and unconformities in rocks.
FOLD JOINT

FAU LT
S T R AT I G R A P H Y

Branch of geology concerned with the

study of rock layers (strata) and layering
(stratification).
Is a discipline of science that focuses on ECONOMIC
earth materials that can be used for GEOLOGY
economic or industrial development
purposes.

Economic minerals like talc, graphite,

mica, asbestos, gypsum, magnesite,
diamond and gems
ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY
This deals with the application of geological
knowledge in the field of civil engineering,
for execution of safe, stable and economic
constructions like dams, bridges and
tunnels.
This deals with the application of
MINING
geological knowledge in the field of GEOLOGY
mining.

Mining geology is an applied science

which combines the principles of
economic geology and mining
engineering to the development of a
defined mineral resource
GEOPHYSICS The study of the earth's physical properties
and of the physical processes acting upon,
above, and within the earth.

It includes seismology, geomagnetism,

meteorology, and oceanography
Also called hydrogeology.
GEOHYDROLOGY
It deals with occurrence, movement and
nature of groundwater in an area.

Deals with how water gets into the

ground (recharge), how it flows in the
subsurface (through aquifers) and how
groundwater interacts with the
surrounding soil and rock (the geology)
GEOCHEMISTRY Is the study of the structure and
composition of Earth.

is the study of the chemistry of natural

earth materials and the chemical
processes operating within and upon
the Earth, both now and in the past.
IMPORTANCE OF
GEOLOGY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
 IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

1 Most civil engineering projects, such as buildings, involve loading

the Earth by building on it.

Engineers must understand the nature of the land on

which the project will rest, and the forces that act
upon them and their effects, in order to design and
determine the stability of its supports.
 IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

2 Civil engineers carry out projects like soil and rock excavation.
The excavated soils can be used as backfill materials where
necessary. The excavated rocks may be
processed, used as
construction
material.
 IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

3 Ground water is the water which occurs in the subsurface rocks. The
knowledge about its quantity and depth of occurrence is required in
connection with water supply, irrigation, excavation and many other
civil engineering works.
 IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

4 The foundation problems of dams and

bridges are directly concerned with
the geology of the area where they
are to be built. In these civil works,
drilling, soil boring, and in situ
tests, are commonly
undertaken to explore the
ground conditions.
 IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

5 In constructing roads, canals, docks and in determining the stability of

cuts and slopes, the knowledge about the nature and structure of rocks
is very necessary
EXAMPLES OF
FOUNDATION
FAILURE
 On October 18, 1913, the building began to settle as grain
was moved indoors. The building was tilted an entire 27
TRANSCONA degrees to the west.
Researchers found that the foundation was extremely
G R A I N E L E VATO R unstable because it was constructed on stratified clay, which
contained layers of silt salt throughout the layers of clay.
 L E A N I N G TOW E R
OF PISA

When construction began on

the Tower of Pisa 840 years ago,
workers immediately ran into
soil-related foundation issues.
Attempts to compensate for
poor soil quality failed
numerous times.
GEOLOGY

ENGR. ANGELICA S. BUTON, MGM

 REFERENCES

https://www.brainkart.com/article/Branches-Of-Geology_3763/
https://www.coursehero.com/file/113977268/Geology-in-Civil-
Engineeringpdf/