SP 1126

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
Document title: Drain Systems Specification
Document ID SP-1126
Document Type Specification
Security Unrestricted
Discipline Engineering and Operations
Owner Process – Corporate Function Discipline Head
Issue Date May 2018
Version 4.0
Keywords: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor
any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise)
without prior written consent of the owner.
Revision: 4.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Effective: May-18
This page was left intentionally blank
Page 2 SP-1126- Drain Systems Specification Printed 07/05/18

The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
Revision: 4.0
i Document Authorisation
Page 3 SP-1126 - Drain Systems Specification Printed 07/05/18

Revision: 4.0
ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all
revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

No.
4.0 May 2018 Williams, Paul CKE11, Updated as an amendment to DEP
34.14.20.31, with design guidelines
Sivarajan, Ganesh CKE11D
for Closed drain system only.
3.0 June 2012 Hussain Bakeer UEP/1P General Revision and SHALL [PS]
requirements identified
2.0 May 2004 A.C. Sluijterman UEP References updated and
intermediate flash vessel
requirements relaxed
1.0 May 1999 A.C. Sluijterman UEP/1 PDO-ERD-08-10 rewritten to new
format with minor comments
incorporated
iii Related Business Processes

Code Business Process (EPBM 4.0)
iv Related Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF)

Documents
The related CMF Documents can be retrieved from the Corporate Business Control
Documentation Register CMF.

Revision: 4.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i Document Authorisation ......................................................................................................... 3
ii Revision History ..................................................................................................................... 4
iii Related Business Processes ................................................................................................. 4
iv Related Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF) Documents ........................................ 4
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Compliance with specification .......................................................................................... 6
1.3 DEM 1 compliance ........................................................................................................... 6
2 Drain Systems ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Objective of Drainage Systems ........................................................................................ 7
2.2 Classification of Drainage Systems.................................................................................. 7
2.3 Design Considerations ................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Open Drain Systems .................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Closed Drain System .................................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Instrument Drains ......................................................................................... 12
2.3.4 Sample Drains .............................................................................................. 13
2.3.5 Tank Drains .................................................................................................. 13
2.3.6 Process Drains ............................................................................................. 13
2.3.7 Laboratory Drains ......................................................................................... 13
2.3.8 Chemical Drains ........................................................................................... 14
3 Related Business Control Documents ................................................................................. 15
4 Glossary of Abbreviations .................................................................................................... 16

Revision: 4.0
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
The objective of this document is to specify the selection and design requirements of
drainage systems for on-shore oil and gas facilities. Drainage systems are needed for
maintenance of equipment, piping, and instruments and to reduce risk of fire and
environmental pollution.
This specification does not cover domestic wash water or sewage drain systems for
accommodation areas, buildings and control rooms which shall be separate from plant
drain systems. Refer DEP 34.14.20.31-General Feb 2017, Drainage and Primary
Treatment systems for effluent classification and open drain system design.
1.2 Compliance with specification

Compliance to this specification is mandatory for all projects. Any variances to this
specification shall follow PR-2066.
The word “SHALL[PS]” is used to indicate a mandatory DEM-1 process safety
requirement.
The word “shall” is used to indicate that the requirement is mandatory.
The word “should” is used to indicate that the requirement is not mandatory, but
recommended as good practice.
1.3 DEM 1 compliance

The SHALL[PS] requirements in this specification extracted below for ready reference.
 There SHALL[PS] be no valve or any other means of isolation downstream of a
specification break, which could cause the drain system to be over-pressurised.
Section Process safety risk Risk Rating

/ Clause
P A C E R
2.3.2 To prevent loss of containment due 5B 5B 2B
to over-pressurisation, Bahja
Explosion, Fire and LTI Incident
December 2016
 Closed drain vessel SHALL[PS] have a design pressure of 700 kPa(g) or above
to withstand possible flame flashback / deflagration from the vent.
Section Process safety risk Risk Rating

/ Clause
P A C E R
2.3.2.1 To prevent loss of containment due 5A 5A 0A 2A
to an internal deflagration [ Explosion
: Pasadena TX Incident , Oct 12
1994 per “The 100 Largest Losses
19722001” published by Marsh]

Revision: 4.0
2 Drain Systems
2.1 Objective of Drainage Systems

The main objective of the Drainage systems is to ensure safe and environmentally
acceptable disposal of toxic, flammable and aqueous effluent from process and non
process sources.
2.2 Classification of Drainage Systems

The drainage systems are classified as per below Table - 1.
The classification of the various effluents is based on DEP 34.14.20.31 Feb2017
Drainage Systems and Primary Treatment Facilities. Both the new and the old
classifications are provided in the below table as many of the existing facilities are using
the old terminology.

Revision: 4.0
TABLE -1
Classification Description Typical streams
New Old
CR ONHD  Surface rainwater from areas designated as Non  Runoff from building roofs, roads and car parks.
hazardous. The effluent from these areas is not
anticipated to be contaminated by hydrocarbons,  Raw water filtration bleed and demin drains.
chemicals or process solids due to operations.  Gas processing areas (exclusively gas and no Hydrocarbon
 This effluent always meets the water discharge liquid)
specifications.
 This system shall be entirely segregated from all
other open or closed drain systems.
AC AC  Effluents from areas where spills of hydrocarbons,  Paved areas under equipment with hydrocarbons, chemicals or
chemicals or process solids are anticipated but not process solids.
expected (this means that in these areas
contamination is possible only in case of a failure  Pump paved areas
like flange leak / fire / maintenance etc.)  Truck loading / unloading areas.
 These effluents normally meet the water  Metering station areas.
discharge specifications, but could be
contaminated on occasions.  Atmospheric oil storage tanks bund drain (Note 1)
 Scraper barrel – area spill and washing water
CC / OHD  Effluents from areas where spills of hydrocarbons  Low / High BOD effluents from – product / slop tank bottom
ODD or chemicals are expected. drains.
 Effluents from continuous sources that contain  Bundle laydown areas, equipment decontamination / cleaning
hydrocarbon / chemicals. areas.
 Spent hot oil (dead oil) may be drained into CC / ODD after it is
allowed to cool down to the ambient temperature.
 Sample points

Revision: 4.0
Classification Description Typical streams

New Old
 Drains from pump drip pans and pump seals.
 Turbine and compressor lube oil tank
 Compressor Seal oil tank, pump seal drain (Note 2)
 Bunded areas containing fuel and chemical storage (Note 3)
 Floating roof tank roof drains
 Discharge from thermal relief valve (non toxic).
 Laboratory drains (Note 4)
CD CD  Many process vessels contain Hydrocarbon – Not  Process vessels, piping and equipment, prior to inspection
very toxic / very toxic fluids, which, even after and/or maintenance.
depressurising to the flare system, would release
significant quantities of hazardous vapours, if they  Not very toxic / very toxic liquid drains (other than process drain
were discharged via open drainage systems. e.g. drain from amine system.)
Such effluent shall be disposed through a closed  Thermal RVs in toxic service.
drain system for the safe removal of the generated
vapour and preventing exposure of personnel.  Compressor KOD liquid outlets shall not be routed to the drain
system, unless the entire CD drain system is designed as a
 Closed means “closed at the point of use”, i.e. that process system.
the user of the system is not exposed to the
process fluid when performing the draining  Level instrument drains
operation. It does not refer to the destination or  Analyser outlets and Sample drain connections
disposal system for the fluid.
 Effluents having High BOD (typically >10 ppm)

Revision: 4.0
Notes:
1. Connected to AC system with isolation valve in normally closed condition.
2. A local drain collection facility (tank/pot) should be provided if the contents of the fluid
are likely to partially vaporise. The drain from this local facility is to be connected to CC
/ ODD by piping with a normally closed isolation valve in between. Vent from the local
facility can either terminate locally above the building roof or can be connected to the
atmospheric pressure flare system. Dispersion calculations shall be carried out to
determine the height of the local vent, which shall be at least 1m.
3. Applicable only for chemicals that are compatible with that drain system. Drains for
different types of chemicals which are incompatible with each other shall be
independent. Disposal of the contents of such drains shall depend on type of
chemicals handled. Laboratory drains shall have local facilities to drain various
chemicals. Only oily-water drain can be connected to CC / ODD via a water-sealed
pipe discharging into the CC / ODD header outside the laboratory wall.
4. Process drains (both maintenance drains and intermittent skimming drains) from amine
/ glycol gas processing facilities shall be routed to an independent drain vessel
designed as a process drain vessel.
5. Drains from steam trap bypasses which are used during start up / shut down of the
steam system shall be routed to a drain pit.
6. The outlet of the steam traps shall be routed either to a condensate recovery system if
available in the facility, or else the condensate shall be collected and disposed to a
suitable drain system.
2.3 Design Considerations
2.3.1 Open Drain Systems
For the design of Open drain systems DEP 34.14.20.31-General Feb 2017, Drainage and
Primary Treatment systems shall be followed.
2.3.2 Closed Drain System
Closed drain systems and open drain systems shall not be interconnected.
CD system shall be used only to drain equipment containing hydrocarbon liquids prior to
maintenance. Liquid levels in equipment are lowered to the minimum practical level using the
normal process connections and the equipment is fully depressurised before draining.
The drains system upper and lower design temperature shall be established based on the
upstream equipment and the limits of the typical underground drains piping material e.g. GRE.
Temperature effects during gas blowby, due to maloperation shall be also considered during
the exercise. Based on the temperature of the liquid to be drained and the design limits of the
underground drain header and drain vessel, the contents shall be allowed to warm up or cool
down before it is drained. This requirement shall be documented in the plant operating manual.
In case it is not practical to wait for the contents to warm up / cool down, then a separate hot or
cold drain system suitable for these conditions shall be provided. (e.g. stabilizer column /
reboiler drains). Refer Figure 4 where separate hot drain header (drain header routed in a
trench) is shown.

Revision: 4.0
The branch connections from the vessels to the main header or up to the first pipe diameter
increase shall be rated for the same pressure as the vessel itself. This is because, if the
vessel is inadvertently drained under pressure, the smaller branch pipes can be
overpressurised due to gas blowby. The main drainage header shall be rated as required to
avoid overpressurisation of the header during an inadvertent opening of the drain valve without
depressurisation of the process vessel (see Figure 1).
The drain connection shall be positioned at the bottom of the process vessel. If there is a
possibility of blockage from deposits of sludge, sand, wax, etc. in the vessel, ensure that the
drain connection is sufficiently sized to prevent clogging / choking with suitable flushing
connections in the vessel (see Figure 2).
All drain connections shall be positively isolated from the CD drain system through double
block valves with a spectacle blind in closed position. The closed spectacle blind shall be
located at the downstream flange of the first isolation valve. Common shared downstream
isolation valve is acceptable. This will minimize the inventory in case of the first isolation valve
passing.
Contrary to SP-1125 and DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen, Feb 2018, bleed is not required between the
two isolation valves for all sizes of drain connections.
The exception to this are the level instrument drains and the analyser outlet drains where the
spectacle blinds are normally kept open (see Figure 1 and 3 for typical arrangements).
For design of drain system piping (sizing and arrangement) refer to DEP 31.38.01.11-Gen, Feb
2018, Piping General Requirements. Refer to Section 4.5 regarding drains for pressure
vessels.
For Pig Trap drain lines, refer to DEP 31.40.10.13-Gen, Feb 2017, Design of Pipe line Pig Trap
Systems, Section 2.3.
For other equipment or piping system the line size shall be designed based on a realistic time
of draining the residual system hold up.
The underground drain header shall be at least one size larger than the maximum drain
connection size used for the process side of equipment / piping.
Drain piping shall be adequately and continuously sloped at 1:200 minimum to eliminate the
possibility of creating liquid pockets. Elbows, bends and flanges should be avoided as much
as possible. Possibility of blockage by sludge/sand shall be assessed and appropriate
measures such as 45 bends, larger diameter pipe, etc. should be taken.
Sufficient rodding-points must be installed on the drain header, if sand/solids are expected.
Water hose connections may be fitted at the rodding points (see Figure 2).
There SHALL[PS] be no valve or any other means of isolation downstream of a specification
break, which could cause the drain system to be over-pressurised. The single exception is the
isolation valve installed at the drain header immediately upstream of the drain vessel, with a
spectacle blind on the downstream side, to facilitate maintenance of the vessel. This valve
shall be kept locked open during normal operation (see Figure 4). In brownfield projects, if this
requirement cannot be met, then an isolation valve might be used for early tie in, and the new
drain header including the tie in isolation valve shall be of the same rating as the process
system pressure.
Remote facilities with small inventories in not very toxic service i.e., remote manifolds do not
need hard pipe to closed drain system. A simple system to a pit for the final inventories with a
vent to safe location and a facility for vacuum truck would be sufficient. For very toxic facilities,
the drains shall be routed to a closed drain system.

Revision: 4.0
2.3.2.1 Closed Drain Vessel

Each drain vessel shall be sized to accommodate the largest expected volume of liquid which
remains in any vessel (excluding tanks) after it has been emptied to its lowest liquid level prior
to draining for maintenance, including any liquid trapped by internals e.g. weirs.
The hold up volume of liquid in a drain vessel shall be calculated as between high and low
liquid level alarm settings. The Hi-Hi-Liquid level shall be considered at 80% of vessel
diameter. Figure 4 represents the typical arrangement a Drain Vessel.
A pit shall be provided for access to the drain header isolation valve and spectacle blind.
Closed drain vessel SHALL[PS] have a design pressure of 700 kPa(g) or above to withstand
possible flame flashback / deflagration from the vent.
The vessel shall have a weir to separate sludge and solids. The weir height may be kept at
about 40 per cent of the vessel diameter. Length of sludge catch area may be kept about 40
per cent of the vessel tan to tan length.
A vacuum out connection at pump side with isolation valve and check valve shall be provided
to facilitate removal of the liquid. Vacuum out connection shall be also provided on the other
side of the weir, to remove weir side liquid before maintenance. The design shall consider the
depth of the vessel and if not possible to remove the liquid with a vacuum truck (especially for
drain vessels located at >10m from grade), then an alternative means of evacuating the liquid
shall be provided.
2.3.2.2 Flare / Vent Connection

Gas from drain vessels should pass to lowest pressure flare system.
Due to the possibility of air ingress into the closed drain system a closed drain vessel shall be
purged continuously by inert or blanketing gas. In the case of a local vent, lightning protection
requirement shall be assessed as per DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen Feb 2018, Electrical Engineering
design.
The flare / vent line shall be designed for the highest gas blowby flowrate from upstream,
assuming inadvertent draining under pressure.
2.3.2.3 Drain Pumps

The facility to evacuate a drains vessel contents shall be provided by transfer pumps and/or a
pump out connection using vacuum truck.
Where pumps are installed (applicable for most of the onplot drain systems), minimum of two
pumps (one operating and one standby) should be provided on the drain vessel.
Each pump capacity should be higher than the maximum drainage rate from a single vessel.
Liquids collected in a drain vessel should be pumped back into the production system.
2.3.3 Instrument Drains

Some instruments like level gauges and level switches need draining either for taking readings
or for maintenance / calibration. If the drained liquid is Very toxic and / or flashing hydrocarbon,
the drain shall be hard piped to the closed drain system (see Figure 3).
Instrument vents and drains shall be connected to local drain system – Hot or Cold or CC /
ODD system as appropriate.
For very toxic facilities, the instrument vents and drains shall be routed as follows:
1. Route all instrument vents locally to safe location (i.e. the instrument venting to be routed a
minimum of 2.5 m from the working grade. The instruments shall be mounted 1.5 m as

Revision: 4.0
minimum from the working grade and the local venting shall be minimum 1 m from the
instrument, with the vent discharge oriented 45 deg upwards from horizontal and away from
H2S detectors). This is applicable to very toxic service with max 6 mol% H2S.
2. Route the level instruments drain for very toxic and not very toxic service to closed system.
3. Preferred to route the instruments drain for very toxic service to close system. However,
depending on the routing complexities and the volume need to be drained, project may decide
to route the drain locally.
4. Instrument drains that are acceptable (non flashing not very toxic service) to be routed to CC
/ODD drains through a tundish.
2.3.4 Sample Drains

Sample systems require draining for flushing purposes and to avoid splashing of the sample
fluid. Sample flushing lines shall be directly connected to closed drain system with positive
isolation for very toxic service and flashing liquid hydrocarbon or when the flushing quantity is
high. A sample draw-off point in not very toxic, non flashing service, may be connected to the
CC / ODD drain system, via a tundish.
Refer to the PEFS / UEFS Corporate Legend sheets for the different types of sample
connections.
2.3.5 Tank Drains

Tank drains may be routed to a CD instead of AC if more convenient.
Any water drained from the roof of a crude oil or product storage tank inside the bunded area
shall be treated as contaminated and shall be taken to CC / ODD. Floating Roof Tank drains
shall be piped into the CC / ODD system and a sight glass should be installed in the drain line
to allow checks to be made for any hydrocarbon contamination due to leakage (in case the
drain connection is not through a tundish).
2.3.6 Process Drains

Process drains shall not be connected to a closed drain system.
If the process drain contains hydrocarbon and condensate but does not contain undesirable
toxic chemicals or materials, e.g. drains from compressor knock-out vessels, then it may be
routed to the closed drain system provided that the process drain shall be first flashed to an
intermediate flash vessel where depressurising to atmospheric pressure should take place. The
intermediate flash vessel and the connected piping shall be designed for pressure and
temperature design conditions of the main process system.
Dedicated process drain systems shall be provided for gas processing facilities i.e. amine
systems. These drain systems shall be designed as a process drain systems suitable for
pressure and temperature design conditions of the process streams and safeguarded
appropriately.
2.3.7 Laboratory Drains

Laboratory drains are used for the disposal of samples, chemical solutions, solvents and
chemicals.
Laboratory drains are independent drain systems. Only oil-water drain from the laboratory may
be connected via a water-sealed pipe into CC / ODD gully outside the laboratory .

Revision: 4.0
2.3.8 Chemical Drains

For various chemicals, separate drain and disposal systems may need to be considered
depending on compatibility of the chemicals mixed. Compatibility shall be established with input
from Production Chemist and disposal systems designed accordingly.

Revision: 4.0
3 Related Business Control Documents
PDO Standards
PDO SP-1125 Isolation of Process Equipment Specification
Shell Standards
DEP-31.22.05.11-Gen Gas Liquid Separator – Type Selection and Design

Rules
DEP-31.38.01.10-Gen Piping Classes Part I, Basis of Design
DEP-31.38.01.11-Gen Piping General Requirements
DEP-31.40.10.13-Gen Design of Pipeline Pig Trap Systems
DEP-33.64.10.10-Gen Electrical Engineering Guidelines
DEP-34.14.20.31-Gen Drainage and Primary Treatment Systems

Revision: 4.0
4 Glossary of Abbreviations
AC Accidently Contaminated
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CC Continuously Contaminated
CD Closed Drain
CFDH Corporate Functional Discipline Head
CR Clear Rainwater
DEP Design and Engineering Practice
FIG Figure
kPa Kilo Pascals
L Low Level (of liquid)
LG Level Gauge
LI Level Indicator
LIC Level Indicator and controller
LL Low-Low Level (of liquid)
LO Locked-Open
LZA Level Emergency Alarm
NC Normally Closed
ODD Oil Drip and Drain
ONHD Open Non-Hazardous Drain
OHD Open Hazardous Drain
PDO Petroleum Development Oman LLC
RO Restriction orifice

Petroleum Development Oman LLC

Revision: 4.0

Revision: 4.0

Revision: 4.0


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Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Document title: Drain Systems Specification

Document Type Specification

Discipline Engineering and Operations

Owner Process – Corporate Function Discipline Head

Issue Date May 2018

This page was left intentionally blank

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Version Date Author Scope / Remarks

iii Related Business Processes

iv Related Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF)

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1.2 Compliance with specification

1.3 DEM 1 compliance

Section Process safety risk Risk Rating

Section Process safety risk Risk Rating

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2.1 Objective of Drainage Systems

2.2 Classification of Drainage Systems

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Classification Description Typical streams

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2.3 Design Considerations

2.3.1 Open Drain Systems

2.3.2 Closed Drain System

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2.3.2.1 Closed Drain Vessel

2.3.2.2 Flare / Vent Connection

2.3.2.3 Drain Pumps

2.3.3 Instrument Drains

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2.3.4 Sample Drains

2.3.5 Tank Drains

2.3.6 Process Drains

2.3.7 Laboratory Drains

Page 13 SP-1126- Drain Systems Specification Printed 07/05/18

2.3.8 Chemical Drains

Page 14 SP-1126- Drain Systems Specification Printed 07/05/18

3 Related Business Control Documents

PDO SP-1125 Isolation of Process Equipment Specification

DEP-31.22.05.11-Gen Gas Liquid Separator – Type Selection and Design

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