c) POSSESSIVE NOUNS

1- PERSONAL PRONOUNS ( SAHIS ZAMIRLERI )

SUBJECT OBJECT POSITION POSSESSIVE REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE

POSITION PRONOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES

I ME MINE MYSELF MY
YOU YOU YOURS YOURSELF YOUR
HE HIM HIS HIMSELF HIS
SHE HER HERS HERSELF HER
IT IT ------- ITSELF ITS
WE US OURS OURSELVES OUR
YOU YOU YOURS YOURSELVES YOUR
THEY THEM THEIRS THEMSELVES THEIR

2- DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS (ISARET ZAMIRLERI)

THIS-THESE THAT-THOSE THAT OF-THOSE OF

Uyarı-1- ‘ subject position’ bu gruba giren ‘I, he, she, we, they’ gibi şahıs zamirleri sadece cümlenin öznesi
olabilirler: buna karşın ‘ object position’ yani ‘me, him, her, us ve them’ ifadeleri ise sadece cümlede nesne
işlevi görürler. ‘you ve it’ ise hem özne hem de nesne olabilirler.

I have been to Italy several times.

He is going to run for presidency in the next presidential elections.
He insulted her in front of so many people.
They invited us to their wedding party.

Uyarı-2- Possessive adjectives (iyelik sıfatları) ‘my, your, her, his, their’ gibi iyelik sıfatları tek başlarına
kullanılmazlar; önlerinde bir ismin bulunması zorunludur.

My intention is to resign from my current job.

Her encouraging words boosted my morale.
You are liable for the damage your son has caused.

Uyarı-3- Possessive pronouns (iyelik zamirleri) ‘mine, yours, his, hers, theirs’ gibi zamirler bir ad öbeği
yerine kullanıldıkları için cümlede tek baslarına ‘özne, nesne ve tümleç’ olabilirler.

This is my book, not Robert’s. His book/his is in the living-room.

That is not your bag. Your bag (=yours) is in the bed-room.
This is Mary’s computer, not John’s. His (=his computer) is far more sophisticated than this one.
Murat showed me his essay, but Enis didn’t let me see his.(=his essay)
We invited them to our house, and later they invited us to theirs.(=their house)
Those are ours identity cards, not theirs.(your identity cards)
These are not your results, they are mine.(=my results)

Tanım: İngilizce’de iyelik (aitlik) bildirmek için ‘s ve of’ kullanılır. Genellikle ‘s’ canlı varlıklar için ‘of’ ise
cansız varlıklar için kullanılır. Bazen cansız varlıklar için de ‘s’ takısını kullanılabiliriz. Tekil isimlerle beraber
(sonu ‘-s’ ile bitmemesi şartıyla) biz ‘s’ takısını kullanılırız, ama eğer kullandığımız sözcüğün sonu ‘-s’ takısı
ile biterse o ya da bu takıyı almış çoğul isim ise o zaman sadece ( ‘ ) virgül kullanılır, ayni zamanda çoğul
soyadları da ( …giller derken ) sadece (‘) virgül alır.

The company’s financial situation. =the financial situation of the company.

Turkey’s foreign investments. =the foreign investments of Turkey.
My son’s room =the room of my son.(possessor noun)
My sons’ room =the room of my sons.
Today’s paper/tomorrow’s meeting/next week’s programme/this year’s conference/Monday’s classes
The smiths’ new house.
The woman’s / women’s work – the children’s toys/ the child’s toy – the man’s emotions/the men’s emotions.
Socrates’ sudden death was a great shock to everyone.
Kadriye’s books all scattered over the road while getting off the bus.

Uyarı -1- Ancak iki ismin ‘of’ almadan birlikte kullanıldığı bir çok yapı da görülür, bu durumda ilk isim bir
nevi sıfat işlevi görür.

Dining-room table summer holidays tennis shoes adventure stories a day’s work
Hall door winter sports car park crime stories a week’s holiday
Kitchen sink autumn colours football ground detective stories three hours’ rest
Street lamp November fogs shoe polish ghost stories

Uyarı -2- Burada hatırlanması gereken ‘ double possessive’ yapısıdır. Bu yapı genelde aitlik zamirleri
(possessive pronouns) ‘mine, hers, theirs, yours etc’ ile birlikte kullanılır.

She is a friend of Henry’s (=his). = she is a one of Henry’s friends

That is an old habit of Mary’s (=hers) = that is one of Mary’s old habits.
Some friends of mine. = some of my friends.
A friend of my sister’s phoned yesterday.
That motorbike of yours is very noisy.
He is my father’s friend (= he is a friend of my father’s.)

Uyarı-3- Kişiye ait işyeri isimleri.

We bought these cakes at the baker’s (shop) in the Hamam Yolu.

Tom has gone to the doctor’s (surgery) for a check-up.
Fadullah is at his lawyer’s (office) to discuss a contract.
My mother and sister went to the butcher’s (shop).

Uyarı -4- bazen ‘own ve of… own’ yapılarının da kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu durum da cümle ( kendi ya
da kendine ait) seklinde çevrilir.

Is this your own bike or you borrowed it?

It is my own book. ( or it is my own )
She wants a room of her own (=she wants her own room )

Uyarı -5- Ortak sahip olunan şeylerde iyelik eki (‘s) ortaklardan ikincisinin önüne oysa ayrı ayrı sahip
olunan ayni tur şeyler için her iki isimden sonra da iyelik (‘s) eki getirilir.

My mother and father’s friends. Peter’s and John’s sons

Tom and Mary’s house. Columbus’ and Fleming’s discoveries.
Sait, Durmus and Seyfi’s course.

Uyarı -6- Donuşlu zamirler (reflexive pronouns) bazı geçişli fiillerin nesnesi olarak veya bazı deyimsel
ifadelerden sonra ‘kendini, kendine’ anlamında sıklıkla kullanılır.

Believe in oneself give oneself kill oneself teach oneself

Blame oneself help oneself tell oneself be proud of oneself
Cut oneself hurt oneself work for oneself take care of oneself
Enjoy oneself introduce oneself talk to oneself wish oneself ( luck )

Abdulgaffur hurt himself while fixing the machine. Meryem always underestimates herself
M. Hasan got himself a chair to sit on. It is time we bought ourselves a new car.
Uyarı-7- Dönüşlü zamirler bir isim grubundan hemen sonra vurgulama amacıyla ‘bizzat kendisi’ anlamında
kullanılır. Cümleye ‘by’ getirilerek bir eylemin başkasının yardımı olmadan tek başına gerçekleştiğini
vurgulayabiliriz.

The President himself welcomed his guests at the door.

I was hoping to speak to Helen herself, but she was out and I got her secretary.
I’ve never met Dr. Smith myself.
She learned to swim by herself.
The lift stopped at the third floor by itself.
My aunt lives in a big house by herself.
Marry made herself a dress / Marry herself made this dress / Marry made this dress herself / by herself.