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Dr. Mahipal Singh Rathore

 320 Years of Delhi Sultanate
TIME PERIOD No. of DYNASTY
YEARS

1206 - 1290 AD 84 SLAVE DYNASTY (Mamluk Turk/Ilbari )

1290 - 1320 AD 30 KHILJI DYNASTY (Seljuq Turk)

1320 - 1414 AD 94 TUGHLAQ DYNASTY

1414 - 1451 AD 37 SAYYID DYNASTY

1451 - 1526 AD 75 LODI DYNASTY

©DrMahipalRathore
1206 – Muhammad Ghuri’s
death.
Qutbuddin Aibak (a Turkish
slave of Muizzuddin
Muhammad of Ghur,
instrumental for consolidating
northern India for him) was de
facto ruling India from Delhi.

©DrMahipalRathore
• Muhammad Ghuri’s nephew
Ghiyasuddin Mahmud succeeded the
throne at Ghor (the overlord).

• Another slave of Muhammad Ghuri –

Yalduz (Taj al-Din Yildiz) – ruled at
Ghazni.

• Yalduz laid his claims

over Delhi.

©DrMahipalRathore
• Yildiz marched to Punjab, intending to take control of the region.

• Aibak marched against him, forced him to retreat to Kohistan.

©DrMahipalRathore
Aibak now set up his capital at Lahore, to help defend his
territories.

©DrMahipalRathore
Aibak then sent his envoys to the
Ghurid capital – Firuz Kuh (Turquoise
Mountain) – seeking Ghiyasuddin
Mahmud’s recognition as official ruler
of India (so that Yalduz’s claims would
be overruled).

©DrMahipalRathore
Mamluk dynasty after independence Qutbuddin Aibak
from Ghurid/Ghaznavid Afghanistan 1206-1210
1209 – Mahmud recognised Aibak as
the Sultan of Hindustan (though he was
de facto ruling since 1206).

 Aibak now detached from Ghori Empire &

founded the Mamluk (slave) dynasty as
well as Delhi sultanate.

©DrMahipalRathore
The mamluk was an "owned slave",
distinguished from the ghulam, or
household slave.

After thorough training in various fields

such as martial arts, court etiquette and
Islamic sciences, these slaves were freed.

However, they were still expected to

remain loyal to their master and serve his
household.

©DrMahipalRathore
 **Don’t confuse with
Mamluk sultanate of
Egypt.

©DrMahipalRathore
 320 Years of Delhi Sultanate
TIME PERIOD No. of DYNASTY
YEARS

1206 - 1290 AD 84 SLAVE DYNASTY (Mamluk Turk/Ilbari )

1290 - 1320 AD 30 KHILJI DYNASTY (Seljuq Turk)

1320 - 1414 AD 94 TUGHLAQ DYNASTY

1414 - 1451 AD 37 SAYYID DYNASTY

1451 - 1526 AD 75 LODI DYNASTY

©DrMahipalRathore
The Expansion of Sultanate rule

©DrMahipalRathore
Mamluk Dynasty Monarch Reign
Qutbuddin Aibak 1206-1210
Aram Shah 1210-1211
Iltutmish 1211-1236
Rukn-Uddin Firuz 1236
Razia Sultana 1236-1240
Muizuddin Bahram 1240-1242
Alauddin Masud 1242-1246
Nasiruddin Mahmud 1246-1266
Ghiyasuddin Balban 1266 - 1287
Muizuddin Qaiqabad 1287-1290
Shamsuddin Kayumars 1290 ©DrMahipalRathore
• Qutbuddin assumed the title of Sultan & made Lahore his
capital.

• Also known as ‘Lakh bakhsh’ due to his charity of 1 lakh

coins .

• Patronised the great scholar Hasan Nizami.

©DrMahipalRathore
Qutb-Uddin Aibak built the
famous Qutub Minar at DELHI
In honour of Sufi saint
Qutub ud din Bakhtiyar Kaki

©DrMahipalRathore
Construction was
completed by his
son-in-law
Iltutmish in 1220.

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore ©DrMahipalRathore
He also built the Quwwat-ul-Islam
mosque (Triumph of Islam) – at Delhi

©DrMahipalRathore
The mosque was constructed over the
ancient ruins of twenty-seven Jain and
Hindu temple complex.

©DrMahipalRathore
Aadhai din ka Jhopra, Ajmer, was started in 1192 and completed in
1199 by Qutb al-Din Aibak.
©DrMahipalRathore
 Died playing
‘Chaugan’
(Horse polo)
in 1210.

©DrMahipalRathore
Tomb of Qutbuddin Aibak in Lahore

©DrMahipalRathore
 Shamsuddin Iltutmish 1211-1236
•Son-in-law of Qutbuddin Aibak.

•Seized the throne by defeating Aibak’s son and successor

– Aram Shah.

•Thus, the principle of hereditary rulers was checked right

at the beginning of the Slave Dynasty.

•True founder of Slave dynasty – subdued many Rajput

kings and put down rebellions in Bengal, Punjab etc –
thereby solidifying rule.
©DrMahipalRathore
•‘Ilbari’ tribe – hence the name of dynasty.

•Made Delhi his capital.

• Turkani Chihalgani/Chalisa - council of 40 elite nobles.

©DrMahipalRathore
• Real consolidator of the Delhi
Sultanate.

After Iltutmish came to the throne –

• Ali Mardan Khan had declared

himself king of Bengal.
• Qubacha (colleague of Aibak)
declared himself independent ruler
of Multan – also seized Lahore and
parts of Punjab.
• Iltutmish’s own officers were
unwilling to accept his authority.
©DrMahipalRathore
• Rajput chiefs also asserted their independence.

• Kalinjar, Gwalior, eastern Rajasthan declared

independence.

• Threat came from the Khwarizmi conquest of Ghazni.

• Yalduz, the slave of Muhammad Ghori, was displaced

from Ghazni and came to Lahore.

©DrMahipalRathore
 Yalduz removed
Qubacha from
Lahore, and
demanded that
Iltutmish recognize
him as the rightful
Ghurid master.

©DrMahipalRathore
According to Isami's Futuh-us-Salatin, Iltutmish replied that the
days of such hereditary claims were over:

“You know that today the dominion of the world is enjoyed by

the one who possesses the greatest strength.
The principle of hereditary succession is not extinct, [but] long
ago destiny abolished this custom.”

©DrMahipalRathore
• Iltutmish marched to Lahore, defeated Yalduz and occupied
it.

• This helped to guard the frontier from the Khwarizmi

Empire.

©DrMahipalRathore
©DrMahipalRathore
1218 – Khwarizmi Empire
destroyed by Chengiz Khan and
Ghazni city destroyed and levelled
to dust (because the Ghazni Shah
had not allowed Mongol trade
caravans to pass, and beheaded
Chengiz Khan’s ambassadors, who
were sent to negotiate a thorough
passage of trade carts).

©DrMahipalRathore
Iltutmish protected the kingdom from
Chengiz Khan’s (Mongol) attack by refusing to
give shelter to Jalaluddin Mangabarni, the
ruler of Khwarizam Iran.
(medieval non-alignment?)

©DrMahipalRathore
• Iltutmish was now able to focus on
the east.

• In Bengal and Bihar – Iwaz – took

the title of Sultan Ghiyasuddin
took over.

1226-27 – Iwaz was defeated and

killed in battle with Iltutmish’s son
near Lakhnauti.

Bengal and Bihar came under the

Delhi Sultanate once again.
©DrMahipalRathore
• Iltutmish attacked Nagda (near Udaipur) – the capital of Mewar.

• Had to retreat as the Gujarat armies came to the aid of the

Rana.

• As revenge, Iltutmish went against the Chaulukyas of Gujarat.

Expedition repulsed with losses.

©DrMahipalRathore
IQTA system- Iqtedari/Iqtedar.

 Division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles

and officers in lieu of salary.
Revenue
Law and order
Army

Finished work on Qutub Minar.

Introduced coinage in Arabic –Tanka (silver) & Jital (copper) –

standard weight 175 grams.

Authority as as sultan approved by the Abbasid Caliph.

©DrMahipalRathore
 Gandhak ki Baoli,
Mehrauli

Anangtal Baoli
by Anangpal Tomar
11th century

©DrMahipalRathore
 Tomb of Iltutmish

©DrMahipalRathore
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