15.

peloponesis omebi
15. peloponesis omebi

berZen-sparselTa omebis dros Zlier saxelmwifod iqca. aTenidan

Seqmnilma aTenis sazRvao kavSirma eqvsi kilometris daSorebiT, Rrma
am omebis Semdegac SeinarCuna arse- da wynar yureSi maT daaarses pire-
boba. kavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs osis navsadguri, romelic aTenis
yovelwliurad garkveuli gadasaxa- mTavari sazRvao karibWe gaxda. aTe-
di SehqondaT saerTo xazinaSi, ro- nis aseTi gaZlereba miuRebeli iyo
melic aTenSi inaxeboda. aTenel- spartisTvis, romelmac ufro adre,
ebi meTaurobdnen sazRvao kavSiris Zv. w. VI s-Si, Seqmna peloponesis ka-
flots, jars da xazinas. maT sa- vSiri (am kavSiris wevri saxelmwi-
kuTari Zlieri flotic hyavdaT. foebi aTenis sazRvao kavSirSi ar
aTeni zRvaze gabatonda. mas `zRvis Sediodnen) da romelsac saberZneT-
mflobelsac~ ki uwodebdnen. aTenma Si pirvelobaze hqonda pretenzia;
moxerxebulad gamoiyena sazRvao ka- aseve aTenis savaWro konkurentebis
vSiri da berZnul samyaroSi yvelaze korinTosa da megarisTvis.
wyaro a. plutarqe, berZeni istorikosi
`perikle yovelwliurad Soreul mxareebSi 60 triers agzavnida, datvirTuls
gawvrTnili kolonistebiT (maT 8 Tvis manZilze saxelmwifos xarjze
amzadebdnen zRvaosnobaSi). amiT igi qalaqs wmendda mSfoTvare da usaqmuri
xalxisgan, qalaqis danarCen Raribebs umsubuqebda cxovrebas da aTenis
mokavSire qalaqebsac afrTxilebda, ar efiqraT urCobaze, radgan maT siaxloves
dasaxlebul kolonistebs maTi kontrolic evalebodaT...
perikles aTenis mier saerTo fulis xarjvaze mokavSireebisTvis ganmartebis
micema zedmetad miaCnda, radgan aTeni maT sparselebisgan icavs. flotic,
qveiTi armiac da kavaleriac aTenisaa, mokavSireebi ki mxolod fuls iZlevian.
aTeni jariskacebs xelfass uxdida omis dros~.
kiTxvebi
1. Seni azriT, `aTenis kavSiris wevri~ saxelmwifoebi Tanabar pirobebSi iyvnen?
2. ratom iyo aTenis kavSiris aseTi gaZliereba peloponesis kavSirisTvis saSiSi da miuRebeli?
3. ramdenad efeqturi iyo perikles mier qalaqis gasaZliereblad gadagmuli nabijebi?

es dapirispireba 431 wels omSi amitom kerkirasgan uaris miRebis

gadaizarda. omis sababi gaxda ori
incidenti. pirveli iyo aTenisa da
spartisgan sakmaod daSorebul teri-
toriaze dawyebuli dapirispireba.
Tanmedrove albaneTis teritoriaze
mdebare qalaq-kolonia epidamnSi de-
sur. 1 perikle
mokratiuli gadatri-
aleba moxda. qalaqidan
gaqceuli oligarqebi
xelisuflebis dabrune-
bas cdilobdnen. qalaqis
mmarTvelebma daxmarebi-
sTvis Tavis metropo-
lia kerkiras mimarTes,
Tumca am dros kerkira-
Sic oligarqiuli mmarT-
veloba iyo da isini Ta-
visi koloniis demokrat
mmarTvelebs ar daexmarn-
en. kerkira Tavis mxriv
68 korinTos kolonia iyo.
Semdeg epidamnelebma daxmarebisTvis
axla korinTos mimarTes. marTalia,
iqac oligarqiuli mmarTveloba iyo,
magram korinToelebi daexmaren epid-
amnelebs. amiT ganawyenebuli kerkire-
lebi aTenis sazRvao kavSirSi gawevr-
iandnen. es ki aTenisa da peloponesis
kavSirebs Soris dadebuli SeTanx-
mebis darRveva iyo, romlis Tanaxmad
maT erTmaneTis wevri saxelmwifoebi
ar unda gadaebirebinaT. aTenelebma
SeZles korinToelebis zRvaze dam-
arcxeba da kerkira srul ganadgure-
bas gadaarCines. am konfliqtis dros
oligarqiuli korinTo demokratiul
epidamns exmareboda, xolo demokra-
tiuli aTeni _ oligarqiul kerkiras.
meore incidenti moxda qalkedo-
nis naxevarkunZulze, korinTos kolo-
nia potideaSi. naxevarkunZulis yvela
qalaqi aTenis sazRvao kavSiris wevri
iyo. kerkiras konfliqtis Semdeg ko- baze iyo damokidebuli.

Tavi III. Zveli saberZneTi...

rinTom aiZula potidea, daetovebina peloponesis kavSiris
es kavSiri. aTenelebma alya Semoartyes wevrebi sa­TaTbirod
qalaqs. potideas daexmarnen korinTo Seikrib­nen. am kavSiris
da megara. amis sawinaaRndegod aTenis wev­ri saxelmwifoebis
saxalxo krebam aTenis sazRvao kavSiris umetesoba omis daw-
wevr yvela saporto qalaqSi akrZala yebis momxre iyo. gan-
megarelebTan vaWroba, riTac es qa- sakuTrebiT aqtiu­ro­
laqi gamouval mdgomareobaSi Caayena. bdnen korinTosa da me­
megaris mTeli ekonomika sazvao vaWro- garis warmomadgenlebi.

wyaro b. Tukidide, berZeni istorikosi

`spartelebma Sekribes mokavSireebi, raTa kenWisyra moewyoT. umravlesoba sur. 2
aTenelebs uCioda da omis dawyebas iTxovda. bolos korinToelebi gamovidnen: sparteli
`mokavSireebo, Cven ver vusayvedurebT spartelebs, radgan maT ukve gadawyvites meomari
omi da Cvenc amisTvis Segvkribes. eladelebs xom marTebT saerTo saqmeze
zrunva. vinc aTenelebs kargad vicnobT, darwmuneba ar gvWirdeba, magram vinc
zRvisgan moSorebiT xmeleTze cxovrobs, man unda icodes, rom saqonlis gatana-
Semotanas gairTulebs, Tu sanapiro qveynebs axla ar daicavs. amitom ar unda
ifiqron, TiTqos gansaxilveli sakiTxi maT ar exeba, da omi unda airCion... axla
Cven samarTlian oms viwyebT da aTenelebs rom gavuswordebiT, kvlav davagdebT
iaraRs. Cveni gamarjveba savsebiT mosalodnelia. Cvens mxaresaa ricxobrivi
upiratesoba da sabrZolo gamocdileba. maRali anazRaurebiT mezRvaurebs
gadmovibirebT. aTenelebs xom moqiravne meti hyavT jarSi, vidre moqalaqe. Cveni
laSqris Zala ki xalxia da ara fuli... simamace Tandayolili gvaqvs, isini amas
ver iswavlian... gana dasaSvebia, aTenelTa mokavSireebma ixadon xarki, romelic
maT saboloo damonebas xmardeba... aTenelebs mokavSireebs avujanyebT da amiT
Semosavals movaklebT. yvelafers axla ver gaviTvaliswinebT, omi TviTon
gvikarnaxebs. saqme rom Tanaswor mezoblebs exebodes, kidev SeiZleboda
moTmena. magram aTenelebi ZaliT mTel Cvens kavSirs ar Camouvardebian. amitom,
Tu erTsulovnad ar SevutevT, cal-calke yvelas dagvamarcxeben~.

kiTxvebi
1. rogor wydeboda mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi peloponesis kavSirSi?
2. aTenelebis ra sust da Zlier mxareebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas korinTos warmomadgeneli?
3. ra meTodebs sTavazobs is mokavSireebs aTenelebis dasamarcxeblad?
4. ra saSiSroebiT aSinebs korinTos warmomadgeneli mSvidobis momxreebs?
5. imsjele qveyanaSi arsebuli saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobisa da sagareo interesebis urTierTkav-
Siris Sesaxeb peloponesis omis dawyebis pirveli sababis mixedviT.

spartam omi gamoucxada aTens. xandazmuli periklec gardaicvala.

Tavdapirvelad aTenelebi perikles
Wkvianuri gegmiT moqmedebdnen. maT
zRvaze ramdenjerme daamarcxes mow-
inaaRmdege da maTi navsadgurebis
blokada daiwyes; xmeleTze ki uari
Tqves gaSlil velze maTze gamocdil
da ufro momzadebul spartelebTan
brZolaze da Tavi qalaqis kedlebs
Seafares. qalaqebis aRebaSi ki spar-
telebi SedarebiT sustebi iyvnen.
aTenelTa TavdacviTma omma gaamarT-
la, magram Savi Wiris uecarma epi-
demiam, romelic aTenSi gavrcelda, es
warmateba gaafermkrTala. male ukve
misi sikvdilis Semdeg aTenelebSi ori
banaki gaCnda: omisa da zavis mosur-
neTa. omis partiis meTaurebma kle-
onma (armiis sardali) da demosTe-
nem (flotis sardali) ramdenjerme
daaamarcxes spartelebi. Tumca omi
mogebuli jer ar iyo. spartelebma
zavi iTxoves da is TiTqos unda dade-
buliyo, magram kleonis winadadebiT
aTenelebma spartelebs iseTi miuRe-
beli moTxovnebi wauyenes, rom mo-
laparakeba CaiSala da omi ganaxlda.
spartelebma warmatebas miaRwies da
kleoni erT-erT brZolaSi daiRupa 69
 kidec. 421 wels aTenis zavis momxre
15. peloponesis omebi
partiis meTauris nikiasis iniciativiT
daido 50-wliani zavi, romlis Tanax-
mad orive mxares erTmaneTisTvis unda
daebrunebina omis dros dapyrobili
teritoriebi. Tumca arc erTma ar
Seasrula zavis pirobebi da omi male
ganaxlda. alkibiadem (perikles naTe-
savma, aTenis omis partiis meTaurma)
siciliis dapyroba da aTenis gavlenis
gafarToeba gadawyvita. magram misma
mowinaaRmdegeebma igi moRalated ga-
moacxades da siciliis napirebTan dap-
atimreba daupires. alkibiade sparta-
Si gaiqca da misi daxmarebiT spartam
ramdenjerme warmatebas miaRwia. sax-
alxo krebam alkibiades dauswreblad
sikvdili miusaja. sirakuzTan (k. si-
cilia) aTenis mTeli floti spartel-
ebma tyved Caigdes. alkibiades rCeviT
spartelebma molaparakebebi daiwyes
sparseTTan da flotis agebaSi dax-
marebis sanacvlod mcire aziis kolo-
niebisa da kunZulebis sparseTisTvis
dabrunebas dahpirdnen. molaparake-
bebis dros spartelebma eWvi Seitanes
alkibiades erTgulebaSi da is iZule-
buli gaxda, sparseTSi gaqceuliyo.
kiTxvebi
1. ratom SesTvaza kleonma spartelebs miuRebeli pirobebi?
2. Seni azriT, ratom ar Sesrulda `ormocdaaTwliani zavis~ pirobebi?
3. daaxasiaTe alkibiade, rogorc politikuri moRvawe.
4. Seni azriT, ra mniSvneloba eqneboda oligarqiuli spartis gamarjvebas demokratiul aTenze
danarCeni saberZneTis ganviTarebisTvis?
70
411 wels aTenSi gadatrialeba
14. berZen-sparselTa omi
moxda. xelisuflebaSi oligarqebi
movidnen. aTenis demokratiis burji
_ floti ar cnobda am gadatriale-
bas. oligarqebma verc spartasTan
miaRwies zavs, maTi popularuloba
daeca. politikur arenaze kvlav
gamoCnda alkibiade. igi aTenelebis
flots Caudga saTaveSi da 410 wels
abidosTan brZolaSi iranelTa fu-
liT aSenebuli spartelebis floti
gaanadgura. am warmatebis Semdeg is
aTenSi triumfiT Sevida da demokra-
tiuli mmarTveloba aRadgina. Tumca
406 wels saxalxo krebam igi axali
vadiT aRar airCia strategosad da
iZulebuli gaxda, samudamod ga-
dasaxlebuliyo qersonesSi.
amis Semdeg omi spartelebis upi-
ratesobiT gagrZelda. maT 404 wels
aiRes aTeni, moangries aTen-pireo-
sis kedeli da aRadgines oligarqiis
mmarTveloba (ocdaaTkaciani komisia).
aTeni spartis hegemoniiT arsebul
peloponesis kavSirSi Sevida. marTa-
lia, 403 wels aTenSi demokratebma
daibrunes Zalaufleba, magram aTeni
peloponesis kavSirSi darCa.
ruka 1. peloponesis omebi