HI ST O RY O F THE O R I GI N

O F T HE

DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH .

BY HU G H H . S TAN N U S .

WI T H AN I NT R O DUCTI O N AND APPEN DI X

BY T HE R EV . R . S PE AR S .

L O N DO N

C HR I S T I AN L IF E PU B L I S HI N G CO MP A N Y ,

28 1, S TR AN D ,

AN D ME S S R S . W I L L IAMS A N D N O RG AT E , L O N DO N .

1 88 2 .

[ Em crm
’ ’
Hat /L ]
'
‘ ‘
S fa z z o n e rs
‘
az
 PR EFAT O R Y STAT EMENT S .

BI BL E T R U T HS .

Hea r , 0 [ sra el f eli o z ’a /z oar G o a is

’
O NE j eb o z /a b

M OS E S .

Tb e firsl f
o a ll z lz e eo m ma n a men ls
‘ ’
is, Hea r O I sra el, t b e
—CH R I S T
,

L 0 m is
’ ’
o ra o u r o ne [ o ra .

We k n o w fiz ere is n o n e o fb er G o a bn f
’
one O ne G o a
’

a na
’
Fa ill er of a ll urb o is a bo v e a ll O ne G o a
7
a nd o n e
”
b f ezlia z o r bet ween G o a men , z lz e ma n C/z ris l jesa s
’
a nd
‘ ‘
.

PA U L

T HE T E T I M S O NY O F E M I N EN T MEN .

Fo r my own pa rt I ’
aa lz e re t o t ile Ho ly S eript a re a lo n e

[ fo llo w no o z b er
‘
lz eresy o r seez
‘
. [ j t lz eref o re, fli e Fa t /z er
f sa me
’
[ be G o a,
’ 7 7
be t b e G o a o Clz risf, a na be oar a na if t lz ere
7
’
be ’
be n o n e o llz e r G o a bu t o n e, ilz ere ca n no G o a besia es flz e
Fa t b er ”
.
—J O HN M IL T ON .

Beca u se it [ ib e T rin ity ] is in eo n sisien t willi z b e ru le o

‘

f
p ra er
y direct ed in t b e sa erea
’
S erip z a res ‘
. Fo r if G o a be ’

z lz ree
‘
p so ns
er b o zo ca n we p ray t o f f im t lz ro aglz [ J is so n fo r
ff is s pirit . Fo r flz o aglz t lz ere be ma ny imagin a ry
n o min a l a n a e a rz lz , as a re in aeea a ll
’

go a s, bo t /z in l
’ ‘ ’ 7
z ea z ’en

ma ny go ds a n d ma ny lo ra s, wb ielz a re merely
’
z lz eir
‘
t it ula r ; y et t o us C/irist ia ns t lz ere is bu t o nl
y O NE GO D
T HE FAT H E R , a nd A nt /t o r f
o a ll t /z ings, t o w b o m a lo n e we
a ddress a ll o u r wo rs/z zp a n d serv ice
”
.
—] O H N L O C KE .

T/z ere is O NE G O D, t lie Fa t /z er, e v er lo v ing, p

o mn i resen t ,

o m n iscien t , a l n lz ty, t lz e M leer of

a lz ea ven a n d ea rt li ; a nd
o ne Medi a to r bet ween G o d a nd men —
t/ ze ma n Clz rist jesus .

Tb e Fa t li e r is t h e in visible G o d . C/i rist ca me n o t

t o dimin isli t b e wo rslz ip of t /z e Fa t /z er . [ t is no t n ecessa ry

t o direct our p ra
yers t o a ny o t /z er t lz a n t /z e Fa t /z er in t lz e
n a me o f t ue Son —
SIR I S AAC N EW TON .

z t t o kn o w t /i e G o d wlio m J
S u rely gl
oa wo p
rslz i

wb et lz er b e p p
be a u re a nd sim le being, o r w/z et ner Tlz o u a rt
a t /z reef o ld Deity , co n sist ing o f t lz e Fa t /z e r, t /z e S o n, a nd t li e

Deity is n o t made up of
Tb e
a n d sep a ra t e sp irit s —DR I S AAC W ATT S
”
t /z ree sa c/z dist inct . . .

HI S T O R I C AL Q U O T AT I O N S .

Tb is do ct rin e (t b e T rin ity) does no t it app ea rs t o me , ,

belo ng st rict ly t o t b e f un da men t a l a rt icles of t lz e ( 72rist ia n

fa it b ; a s pp ea s f o m t lz e f ct t lz a t it is xp licit ly s t fo rt /
it a r r a e e i

in no o n e p rt icula p ssage of t b e ZVew Te t me n t

a r a s a .

We fin d in t lz e N ew T st men t no o t lz er fu n da men t l a t icle

e a a r

besid s t lz t of w b icli t b e Apost le Pa l s y s t lz t o t lz f o n

e a u a a er u

da t io n ca n no ma n lay t na n t b a t is la id, t ii e p rea c/z ing of

j es u s a s t /z e Messiali a n d t lz e fo u nda t io n of [ J is religio n is
design a t ed by Ch rist Himself, t ne f a it /z in t b e o n ly t rue G o d
a n d in jesus Cb rist wlz o m li e b a t /z sen t N E N ER — A D .

IVlz ile
/
for so ma ny cen t u ries, o f a ll t lie C/z rist ia n do c
t rin es, t lz a t f
o a Trin ity in Un ity lia s been co n side red t /z e
mo st o bscu re a n d myst erio us, in t b e w rit ings f
o t lz e a post les
 t lz ere is no t ra ce f
o an
y scru ple wkicli it crea t ed . It seems
fi
t o lz a v e ca lled
fo r n o expla na t io n ,
a nd it is n o t ev en s o ken o p f
my st ery BI S H O P HI N D
”
as a .

Tb e w lio le Cli rist ia n syst em w as st ill [ 2 n d cen t u ry ] co m

p rised in a f ew rece t s a n d p
ro o sit io n s p p p no r did t lz e
t ea cke rs p ublicly a dv a n ce a n
y d o ct rin es besides t /io se co n t a in ed

in w na t is p
ca lled t lz e A o st les Creed
’
.

Co u n cil of Co n st a n t in op le ,
a ssem bled by Tkeo do siu s t lie G rea t

[ in t lie f o u rt /z cen t u ry , 3 8 1 ] ga ve t /i e fin isli ing t o uck t o

wk a t t lie Co u ncil o f N ice er ka d le t im f p fect ,
a nd fixed in a

fu ll a n d det e rmin a t e ma n ner t lz e do ct rin e of t /i ree perso ns in

o ne G od —M OS H E I M .

[ n t lz e fif t li ce n t u ry Ck rist ia n iiji lia d co nq u ered Paga n ism

a nd Pa ga n ism k a d infect ed Cli rist ia n ity . Tb e C/i u rcli w a s
n o w v ict o rio us a n d co rru pt . me rit es of t lie Pa n t /z eo n lia d
p assed in t o k er wo rslz ip , t lie su bt let ies of t ke A ca demy in t o
k er creed . In an e v il day , t k o ugli w it k grea t o m a nd p p
so lemn ii —
j zce
i r
q uote t lie la ngu age of Baco n —w a s t li e ill

st a rred a llia n ce st ricke n be t w ee n t lz e o ld p li ilo sop liy a nd Me

n ew f a it /z Q u est io n s widely dije ren t fro m t b ose wlz icli lia d
‘
.

em ployed t lie ingen u ity f Py rrko

o a nd Ca rnea des, bu t j u st

as su bt le,
just as in t ermin a ble, a nd ju s t as un p rofit a ble,

exe rcised t li e min ds of t b e liv ely a n d v o lu ble G reeks . l V/ien

learn ing bega n t o revive in t ke West , simila r t rifles o ccu pied
p
t /ie ska r a n d v igo ro us in t ellect s of t b e sclioo lmen . Tk ere
was a no t k e r so f t ke
wing o w in d a n d a n o t k e r rea p ing of Me
wli irlw ind —M ACA U L A Y .

Befo re 1 sli a ll co n clu de t /z is b ea d, it is req u isit e s/z o u ld

info rm t liee, rea der, co n cern ing t lz e o ri gin f

o t /z e T rin it a ria n
doct rine Tlio n may est a ss u re t lzyseljjit is n o t ro m t /ie
.
'

f
S c ript u res n o r rea so n , sin ce so ex ressly re ugn a n t ; a lt lio ug/i p p
a ll bro a ck e rs of t /i e ir o w n in ve n t io n s st ro n ly en dea vo u r t o
g
 reco ncile t /i eni wit /i t /i a t li o ly reco rd K no w t li en , my
.

f iend
r , it w as bo rn a bo ve t /i ree k u n dred y ea rs aft er t ke
a n cie n t G o sp el w as decla red; it wa s co n ceived in gno ra nce
i ,

bro ugli t fo rt /i a n d ma in t a in ed by c ruelty ; f o r t li o ugli lie t /z a t

wa s st ro ngest im posed li is op in ion , p e rsec u t ing t lie co n t ra ry ,

yet t /z e sca le t u rn ing o n flie T rin it aria n side, it lia s t /z ere co n

t in ned t /i ro ug/i a ll t iie R o misli gen era t io ns

”
WI .
— LL A M I

PE NN .

Tb e t rue f
gio n (o r if yo u please t lie t ruly o ld
re o rmed reli ,

religio n ) is t ke Ho ly S crip t u res (o r t /z e su m of t lz e f a it lz in

t liem t /z e Apo st les Creed) a n d ko ly life
’
, [ n .

t li e appen dages a nd circu mst a n t ia ls of Ck rist ia n ity in fin e , ,

scli o la s t ic, im p ro v ed n o t io n s, ck a ri ty peace a nd meekn ess

—
, ,

beco me us, n o t z ea l . G ive me lea ve t o dema n d

of t li e wo rld a rea so n w ky Ck rist ia n co mmu n io n sko u ld n o t

be lef t at t /i a t la t it u de at wkicli C/z rist a nd lz is a post l s e in

Ho ly p f
S cri t u re lia ve le t it ? To t /i is, fi men wo u ld a ddict

t li emselv es ( a nd w/zy sk o u ld t li ey no t ) a ll sclz isms wo uld

soo n be a t a n e nd
” — BI S H O P W ET EN HAL L .
 CO N T EN T S A N D A R G U MEN T

T HE st ric t an d ab so lu t e u i ty f G d i fir t p i
n o o s a s r nc iple o f t h e Bib le .

Th e tiren e sc o p e an d s tm t p i r i t f b th t h O ld d N
o o e an e w Te s a en are

di s t i tly th
nc id f t h on ip lity f G d
e s T h J w wh
e o e u n - e rso n a o o . e e s, o

m d M a t h i m th i r b
e o no t d gl ry v r h rg C hr i t t h
e s e o as an o ,
ne e c a e s , or e

fir t t h r f C hr i t i i ty wi th r igi t i g y w th ry f t h
s e ac e s o s an , o na n an ne eo o e

G dh d Chr i t d t h p tl p k f t h F th r t h O
o ea . s an e a os es s o e o e a e as e
“
NLY
“
I t i r p t dly dmi tt d b y Tr i i t r i th t t h
”
G D
T RU E O . s e ea e a e n a an s a e

w r d T i ity i t i t h Bib l ; d th t i t h
o r n s no rl i t r r d f n e e an a n e ea es eco s o

o ur r l igi te ly t h w rd Tr i i ty i t t b f u d b t
o n, no on e o n s no o e o n , u no

e qu iv l t f t h w r d a en y pr p i t i
o th t i t im t G d i
e o ,
no r an o os on a n a es o s

thr p r ee A ddi t i
e so n s lf t . firm t ry f t h l D i ty f
n a o na ac , con a o o e so e e o

G d t h F th r i f u d i C hr i t i tru t i d x mpl f pr y r
’
o e a e ,
s o n n s s ns c o n an e a e o a e ,

whi h w r f ll w d dur i g t h fir t t w
c e e o otur i e Th t w thr n e s o cen es . e o or ee

t xt i t h Bibl upp d by m t f k d w l i t t imply

e s n e e s o se so e o o res a o , or z n a , or

t h Tr i i ty r
e iv t t h h d f Tr i i t r i
n , ece h l r v ry impl
e a e an s o n a an sc o a s a e s e

an d ti l xpl
ra t i wh i h l d
o na e u t an a t t h th ry f
o n, c en s no co n e n an c e o e eo o a

plur l i ty f p r G dh d Th d tr i Pr imi t iv
_

a i th o e so n s f th
n e o ea . e oc ne o e e

C hur h i f u d i t h S r i ptur
c s o d l n i t h A p tl n Cr d ; t h
e c e , an a so n e os es
’
ee e

d tr i
oc f l t r t im
ne i th Ni
o a e d A th i Cr d T h
es n e c e ne an an as an ee s . e

w r d Tr i i ty f mi l i r t
o n h l f phi l phy w i tr du d i t
,
a a o sc oo s o o so , as n o ce n o

C hr i t i l i t r tur b ut t h l
s an f th
e a d tury T h P g
e a o e c o se o e se c o n c en . e a an

Tr i i t i f t h Egypt i
n es o A yr i d Hi d
e y t m f r l igi ( d
an , ss an , an n oo s s e s o e on an

l f Pl t i phi l phy) w r p pul r t t h t im f t h fir t

a so o a on c o so e e o a a e e o e s

pl t i g f C hri t i i ty T h r igi d d v l p m t f t h d tr i
an n o s an . e o n an e e o e en o e oc ne

o f Tr i u D i ty i t h C hur h i l rly tr d t Pl t i
a ne e n d th r
e c s c ea ac e o a o n c an o e

i flun dur i g t h th i r d
e nc e s d f urth tur in I t i tr du t i
e u d an o cen es . s n o c on ca se

c o nsi d r b l di u i e a gi t t i e d tr i f dur i g t h
sc p ri d m d
ss o n , a a o n , an s e n e e o na e .

T h C u i l f Nie o ( D 3 5 ) v t d i f v ur f t h D i ty f C hr i t ;
nc o ce A . . 2 o e n a o o e e o s

th C u i l f C t t i pl ( D 3 8 ) fix d t h d tr i
e o nc o o n s an f th no e A . . 1 e e oc ne o e

Tr i i ty Fr m th t t im t h R m Emp r r r l v d d pr l im d
n . o a e e o an e o s e so e an oc a e

th y w ul d pu i h ll C hr i t i wh w ul d t b l i v i d w r hi p
e o n s a s an s o o no e e e n an o s

thr p r i ee G d
e so n s Th f ll wi g hr n o ne l gi l d t m y id o . e o o n c o no o ca a a a a

th r e d r f th i tr t i
ea e t m r k t h pr gr
o f t h d tr i
s ea fr m t h
se o a e o e ss o e oc ne , o e

l f th
c o se O d t th l f t h f urth
e se c o n tury o e c o se o e o cen

A D
—Mo n th e i sm t h b
. .

I . o e o as t and gl o ry of Jw the e s .

29 .
-
Abo ut thi t im J u s e es s sa id ,
“
T he fir t mm s co m t i t h L rd
an d en s, e o

o ur G di L rd
o s o ne o
”
T he tru w r hi pp r h ll
e o s e s s a

wo r hi p t h F th r
s e a e
 Abo ut
thi t im J u i d I d u t y ur F th r
s e d my es s sa , asc e n n o o a e an

F th r y ur G d d m y Ga e , o o an oc

57 Ab .ut th i t i mo P ul w r t T h r s i th reG d b t a o e, e e s no n e o e o u

o ne T th r i b t G d t h F th r d o us e e s u O NE o e a e an

L r d J u C hri t
o ne o es s s

9 6 —Ab ut th i t im C l m t wr t
. o C hr i t w
s t by G d d
e e en o e,
“
s as se n o an

t h A p tl w r e t b y C hr i t os es e e se n s

l ea —Th Ap tl C r d b gi t b k w t t h C hur h I t y
e os es
’
ee e ns o e no n o e c . sa q
,

I b l i v i G d t h F th r Almighty
e e e n o e a e

1 5 0 —Ju t i M rtyr b ut thi t im b g wi th Pl t i t hi g t

. s n a a o s e e an a on c e ac n o

rrupt C hri t i impl i i ty

co s an s c

—
.

l 7 Th w r d T i fir t
o e ur i C hri t i l i t r tur
o r as s o cc s n s an e a e

—T h w rd T i it i fir t u d b y T rtull i
. .

z oo e o r n as s s se e an .

2 3
—O r ig
o wr i t g i t pr y r b i g ff r d t C hr i t
en es a a ns a e s e n o e e o s

t h —F th r S
. .

2 6 —S b lli
0 . a e us d H ly S p i r i t
e ac e s,thr a e , o n, an o , are ee

m f th m G d na es or e sa e o

—
.

3 00 N Tr i i t r i o f rm f pr y r y t k w t t h C hur h
n a an o s o a e are e no n o e c

—
. .

3 IO L t
. ti ( rth d x f th r ) wr i t
ac an us C hr i t v r ll h im lf
o o o a e e s, s ne e ca s se

God

320 .
—Eu
bi us wr i t e s C hr i st t e ac h e s u s t o c all his Fath e r t h e tru e
se ,

G o d an d t o wo r sh i p Him
,

3 5
2 — Th e N i c e n e C o u n c i l agr e e t o c all C hr i st
. G o d o f G o d ve ry , ,

G o d o f ve ry G o d
“

35 0 — G r e at c o n fli c t s in t h e C hur c h abo ut t h e do c tr i n e o f t he Tr i ni ty
.

37 0 — T h e D o x o l o gy
. G l o ry t o t h e Fathe r t o t h e S o n and t o t h e Ho ly
, , ,

Gh o st c o mpo se d and c o mpl ai n e d o f as a n o ve lty

”

—
.
, ,

3 8 1 T h e C o un c i l o f C o n st an t i n o pl e give s t h e fi n i sh i ng t o u c h t o t h e
.

do c tr i n e o f “
thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d
8
3 3
— T h e Emp e r o r Th e o do si u s thr e at e n s t o pu n i sh a ll who wi ll n o t
.

be l i e ve in an d wo r shi p t h e Tr i n i ty .

Fro m th i s dat e Ar i an i sm r api dly de c l i n e s I n A D 4 5 1 t h e do c tri ne . . .

,

o f t h e t wo n atur e s o f C hr i s t b e c o m e s an e st ab l i sh e d do gm a G l o ry .

“
b e t o the F th r
a e , an d H ly G h t i rd r d
t o t h e S o n , an d t o t h e o os s o e e

to be u
s n g in ll C hur h
a A D 5 9 Th C l rgy cmm d d e s, . . 2 . e e a re co an e ,

A .D 66 9 , t o
. commi t t m m ry t h Ath i C r d Bi h p B i l
o e o e an a s an ee . s o as

r ureq i e d t he C l rgy A D 8 6 t r p t th i C r d v ry Su d y
e , . . 2 , o e ea s ee e e n a .
 INT R O DU C T I O N .

C O N S I DE RA TI O N S , BI BL I CA L AN D HI S T O RI CA L ,

l VHI CH S UPPO R T THE D O C TR I N E O F THE

A BS O L U TE O N EN ES S O F GO D .

T H ER E i s an i n cr e as i n g b e li e f th at t h e cr e e ds g e n e rally
,

a cc e pt e d amo n g t h e C hurch e s diffe r v e ry w i de ly from t h e

,

s tat e m e n ts of t h e S acr e d V olum e a n d from t h e doctri n e s

,

whi ch w e r e commo n in t h e first p e ri o d of t h e Christian

C hurch . O n n o q u e sti o n is thi s mor e stri k i n g than o n that
w hich r e fe rs to t h e U n ity of G o d Wh il e th e r e i s n o t t h e
.

s li g ht e st hi n t in t h e O ld T e stam e n t or t h e N e w of a plurality

O f p e rso n s in t h e Go dh e a d t h e doctri n e of a T riu n e de ity

,

i s spo k e n of at t h e pr e s e n t ti m e an d has b e e n for a g e s as a

, ,

fu n dam e n tal doctri n e of t h e Christi an faith .

All Chri sti an s are p e rsua de d that G o d h as r e v e al e d

h ims e lf to us in t h e H o ly S criptur e s ; an d all a g r e e that
th e r e i s O N E G O D an d Fath e r of all an d th at this doctri n e i s
,

c e rtifi e d b y r e v e lati o n an d accor ds w ith e n li ght e n e d r e aso n

, .

Ye t a v e ry g rav e di v e rg e n c e ap p e ars o n t h e q u e sti o n o f t h e

ab solut e U n ity of G o d T h e r e are thos e w ho wh e n sp e ak i n g
.
,

of G o d are satisfi e d w ith t h e S impl e an d mag n ific e n t lan

,

gua g e of t h e Bi b l e that
“
,
th e r e i s o n e G o d ; an d th e r e is
n o n e oth e r b u t He w hil e th e r e are oth e rs w ho sp e ak of
t h e Go dh e a d a s 3
. T ri n ity compos e d of Fath e r S o n an d , ,

B
1 0 Bible Test imo ny to Me Un ity o f G od .

H oly Ghost Wi th r e sp e ct to this diffe r e nc e w hi ch h as

.

di v i de d Christia n s w hat saith t h e S criptur e ? ”

,

I n mak i n g our app e al to t h e S acr e d V olum e we may b e ,

‘

allo w e d to r e call to t h e m e mory of our r e a de rs t h e

m e morab l e w or ds of Chillingwo rt h : “
T h e Bi bl e I say , ,

t h e Bi b l e o n ly i s t h e R e li g i o n of Prot e sta n ts Whatso e v e r

“
.

e ls e th e y b e li e v e b e si de s i t and t h e plai n i rr e frag ab l e , ,

i n du b ita b l e co n s e q u e n c e s of i t w e ll may th e y hol d it as a

,

matt e r of opi n i o n ; b u t as a matt e r of faith an d r e li g i o n ,

n e ith e r c a n th e y w i th coh e r e n c e to th e ir o wn g rou n ds

b e li e v e i t th e ms e l v e s n o r r e q uir e t h e b e li e f of i t of oth e rs
,

He that b e li e ve s t h e S criptur e S i n c e r e ly an d ,

e n de av ours to b e li e v e i t in t h e tru e s e n s e ca nn ot possi b l y ,

b e an h e r e ti c

T HE T E S T I MONY O F T HE BI BL E TO T HE UNI TY O F GO D

H ly S r i ptur
o c e c o n a ne t i th a ll thi n gs n e c e ssa ry to sa lv t i
a on

A rt ic les f
o t il e Ck u rc /i f E ngla n d
o .

O n a q u e sti o n of such v i tal importan ce to t h e simpli city

of b e l i e f an d t h e purity of w orsh ip as t h e UN I T Y of G o d , ,

we go to t h e Bi b l e W e l e ar n in t h e cl e ar pr e c is e an d
.
, ,

u n e q ui v ocal la n g uag e of its pag e s that th e r e i s O N E G o d

“
,

an d th e r e is n o n e o t /i er ; an d this s tat e m e n t b e i n g in p e rfe c t

”

accor d w i th e v e ry chapt e r an d v e rs e of b o th O ld an dN e w T e sta

m e n t we may fairly sp e ak of i t as a first pri n cipl e of di v i n e
,

r e v e latio n T h e r e are n o t o nly thousan ds of t e xts w hi ch

.

t e ach th is b u t t h e e n tir e compl e xio n of t h e Bi b l e s e ts fort h

,

t h e sol e de ity of O N E PE RSON call e d t h e G o d o f Ab raham , ,

I saac an d Jacob an d als o re p e at e dly sai d to b e t h e G o d

, ,
“

“
an d Fath e r of our L or d J e sus Christ

I n t h e follo w i n g a n d oth e r t e xts G o d i s styl e d

“
ON E
J e h o v ah our G o d is o ne J e ho v ah ”
De ut v i 4 I n that — . . .
 Bible Test imo ny t o t ke Un ity f
o G od . I I

day th e r e sh all b e o n e J e h o v ah an d hi s n am e o ne —Z e ch ,
.

xiv 9
. . H av e we n o t all o n e Fath e r ? Hath n o t o ne G o d cr e at e d
us — Malach i i 1 0 “
For o n e i s your Fath e r w ho i s in
—
. .

h e a ve n Matt xxm 9 “
T h e r e i s n o n e g oo d b u t o n e
that i s G o d —Mar k x 1 8
. .
,
.

T h e L or d our G o d i s o n e
—
. .

L o rd Mar k xii 2 9 “
T h e r e i s o n e G o d an d th e r e i s
. .
,

n o n e o th e r — Mar k xii 3 2 “
S e e i n g i t i s o n e G o d wh o
shall j ustify —
. .

Ro m i i i 3 0 T h e r e i s n o n e o th e r G o d
bu t o n e —I C o r V I I I 4
.

”
T o us th e r e i s b u t o n e G o d
—
. .

t h e Fath e r I Co r v i i i 6 “
O n e G o d an d Fath e r o f
—
. . . .

all E ph i v 6 “
T h ou b e li e v e st th e r e i s o n e G o d ; th o u
do e st w e ll —Jam e s i i 1 9
. . .

. .

I t app e ars to us i mpossi b l e fo r lang uage to b e mor e

pla l n pr e cis e an d e mphati c as to t h e doctri n e that G o d i s
, ,

o n e Be i n g o n e P e rso n o n e M i n d tha n t h e stat e m e n ts in t h e

, , ,

t e xts we h ave q uot e d W e may as k w hat w or ds w hat .

,

possi bl e com b i n ati o n of w or ds or s e n t e n c e s coul d mak e ,

t he Ki n g
“
mor e cl e ar t h e stri ct u n ity of t h e O ne supr e m e ,

“
e t e r n al i mmortal i n v i si b l e t h e o n ly w i s e G o d
, ,
I f t he ,

di v i n e Be i n g i s n o t o n e p e rso n b u t thr e e p e rso n s in o n e ,

G o d—if thi s i s r e ally a fu n dam e n tal doctri n e of t h e

Chri stian r e li g io n — we as k for a si n g l e s e n t e n c e from a ny
,

part of t h e Bi b l e w hi ch says s o Dr S outh a dmits “

It . .
,

must b e allo w e d that th e r e i s n o such propos i ti o n as this ,

M
t h at o n e a n d t h e sam e G o d i s thr e e diffe r e n t p e rs o n s
’
,

t o b e fou n d formally an d in t e rms in t h e S acr e d Wri ti n g s

T h e r e are o th e r class e s of t e xts c o n firmatory of th i s

do ctri n e t h e U n ity of G o d
,
W e are all a w ar e of t h e
e mphati c a n d pro n ou n c e d w ay in w hi ch t h e si n g ular pro n ou n

C o n si de r at i o ns o n Tr i n i ty p 3 8 the , . .

Pro fe sso r He y o f C ambr i dge (L e c tur e s I I

,
. y T h t rm
sa s,
“
e e

Tr in ity n o t b e i ng S c r i ptur al w e c an n o t a dh e r e , to S r i ptur

c dy t e an e

u se th t a .
”
1 2 Plura l Wo rds a pplied to G od .

and v e rb a e us e d of t h e di vi n e Be i ng
r I am t h e

Almi ghty G o d G e n xv i i E xo dus

”
I am that I am
, . . I

i i i 4 ; DO n o t I fill h e a v e n n d e arth J e x xi i i 4
. 1 a r
. . 2 .

Ev e ry pag e in t h e Bi b l e ab o u nds w i th th i s e v i d c en e

in such forms of sp e e ch as t ni O L or d i s t h e g r e at ss ne ne
“
tl i i s t h e K i n gdom
z ne &c b e ari n g r e p e at e d W it e ss t
”
, .
,
n o

t h e e v e r r e p e at e d truth of b oth r e aso n n d r e v e lati o n

-
that a ,

“
J e h o v ah our G o d i s O N E
T h e re e ho w e v e r t w o or thr e e t e xts in t h O ld
ar , , e

T e stam e n t w h e r e t h e plural i s fou n d in r e lati o n t G d o o :

L et mak e m us in our i ma g e ; an Th m an i s
” “
e

b e com e as o n e O f J oh C al v i n says of t h e t e xt
us
”
. n ,

“
T he m an
i s b e com e as o n e o f u s From th i s plac e ” °

man y Chri stia n s i n fe r t h e doctri n e of thr e e p e rso n s in t h e

Go dh e a d ; b u t I fe ar t h e ar g um e n t i s n o t v ali d ”
An d .

Dr Croft a l e ar n e d T ri n itari a n says

.
,
“
P e rhaps too much ,

str e ss i s lai d upo n t h e e xpr e ssi o n L e t us mak e m an in our ,

‘

‘
i mag e T h e plural i s fr e q u e n tly appli e d to o n e o n ly ;
.
’

a n d t h e la n g ua g e of co n sultati o n is e v i de n tly us e d in c o n

de sc e n si o n to human i n firmity I n a dditi o n t o th e s e

t e xts w ith t h e plural pro n ou n i t i s o n ly fai r to add that ,

in m o st p lac e s of t h e H e b r e w scriptur e s t h e wo r d tra n slat e d

G od i s T his i s t h e plural form ; E l a n d E lo a /z
b e i n g t h e si n g ular O n thi s t h e lat e Dr C amp b e ll of Ab e r
. .
,

d e e n says ,
“
that L uth e r stoo d up for t h e T ri n ity from t h e
,

w or d E loh im b u t Cal v i n r e fut e s his argum e n t or q ui bbl e

, ,

rath e r at som e l e n g th
,
” 3
Pr o fe ssor S tuart a dmits t h e .

w e akn e ss of this arg um e n t in t h e foll o w i n g W o l ds “

For ‘
’

t h e sak e of e mphasi s t h e H e b r e w s commo n ly e mploy e d

“
,

most of t h e w or ds wh i ch s i g n ify L or d G o d & c in t h e , , .

,

2
rm i 78 6 i t h B mpt L tur
Se on n S i m i l rly D r
1 n e a on ec e s. a . So uth ,

G r t i u M r r L imb h R mull r d th r
o s, e ce , o rc ,
o se n e ,
an o e s .

3
L tur Sy t m t i Th l gy p 4 8 9
ec es o n s e a c eo o , . .
 Test imo ny o f Me Bible t o t lie Un it y o f G od . 1 3

plural form b u t w ith t h e s e n s e of t h e si ng ular

, W e coul d ” 4
.

e asily fill pa g e s w ith t h e co n c e ss io n s of sch o larly T ri n itari a n s

o n th e s e t w o p o i n ts th at n e i th e r t h e w or d E lohi m n o r t h e ,

fe w plural pro n ou n s are to b e r e g ar de d as e v i de n c e of a

plurali ty of p e rs o n s in t h e G o dh e a d .

C o n t in ui n g t h e S criptur e proof th e r e are n um e rous ,

passag e s in wh i ch our h e av e nly Fath e r i s styl e d t h e

“
H o ly O n e t h e Mi ghty O n e
“ ” ”
t he
,
“
H i g h a n d L ofty ,

O ne &c
” “
I am J e ho v ah t h e H oly O n e t h e Cr e ator of
,
.
, ,

,
—
I srae l your K i ng I sa xli i i 1 5 “
I h av e n o t co n c e al e d
”
. .

”—
t h e w or ds o f t h e H oly O n e J o b vi I O U n to th e e w i ll
“
. .

I S i n g w ith t h e harp O th ou H oly O e o f sra e l — Ps n

I
,
”
.

l xxi 2 2 For thus saith t h e H i g h an d L o fty O n e that i n ha

b it e th e t e r n ity —I sa l v i i 1 5
. .

T h e r e for e thus sai th t h e

—
. . .

L or d J e ho v ah o f H osts t h e M i g hty O n e I sa i 2 4 & c ,

~

H e re w
.
,
. .

&c . e w oul d r e mar k t h at w hil e w e fin d t e xts sp e a k i n g ,

of G o d as t h e H oly O n e t h e Mi ghty O n e & c in t h e S i ng ular , ,

.
,

n um b e r th e r e i s a n e n tir e a b s e n c e from t h e Bi b l e of phras e s

,

such as t h e H oly T hr e e t h e Mi g hty T hr e e an d t h e li k e , , .

T hi s coul d n o t h a v e b e e n t h e cas e h a d t h e doctri n e of

“
thr e e P e rs o n s in o n e G o d b e e n r e v e al e d or k n o wn to t h e ”

authors of t h e S acr e d V olum e I n v i e w of th e s e thi n g s .

Bish op Be v e ri dg e may w e ll say that “

t he J e ws th o u g h , ,

th e y h ad t h e la w thr e e th o usa n d y e ars an d t h e pro ,

p h e t s a b o v e t wo thousa nd y e ars y et t o thi s day ,

th e y n e v e r coul d mak e th i s [t h e T ri n ity ] an articl e o f

Faith 5 I t s e e ms alm o st i n cr e di b l e that an y int e lli
”

4
G r mm r
a a o H b r w L gu
mi l rly Mi h l i
f e e an a ge , p . 1 80 . Si a c ae s,

B t f
ux o r d ,
r d r t t w lv p g f u h
an O th r W r f r
e s . e e e o ur ea e s o e e a es o s c

dm i i C i f Tr i i t r i
“
wh i h w ’
a i VVil
ss o n s n t so n s o n c e ss o n s o n a an s o c e are

mu h i d bt d I f t h rgum t fr m E O H M pr v d ythi g i
c n e e . e a en o L I o e an n , t
w ul d pr v
o i th r i pti i H br w h p i 9 t C hr i t thy
o e , as n e a sc on n e e s, c a .
, o s ,
“

thr O E O H M th t plur l i ty f divi p r

o ne L xi t d i C hr i t
I ,
”
a a a o ne e so n s e s e n s .

Pr iv t Th ught p rt ii p 66 S imi l rly Bi h p T t t Bi h p

5
a e o s, a . . . a s o os a , s o

Bl mfi ld Ar hbi h p L wr
o e d th r
, c s o a e n c e , an o e s .
 “ ”
1 4 Tb e lVo rd, G o d, do es not include Clirist .

ge nt p e rso n w h o h as car e fully r e a d t h e Bi b l e c an cl ai m i t

, ,

as a support of t h e do ctri n e of a T ri n ity of P e rso n s in

t h e Go dh e a d T h e auth ors of t h e S acr e d V olum e app e ar
.

to ha ve b e e n totally u n ac q uai n t e d w it h such a Vi e w of t h e

n atur e of G o d .

I t m ay b e sai d t h at t h e t e rm G o d i nc lu de s t h e p e rso n o f
“

”
J e su s Chri st an d also t h e H o ly Ghost T hi s i s a n .

assumpti o n n o t o n ly w ithout proof b u t O ppos e d to r e p e at e d ,

stat e m e n ts of Christ h ims e lf as w e ll as of t h e sacr e d writ e rs , ,

w h o co n stan tly sp e ak of G o d as t h e G o d and Fath e r of J e sus

“

Christ
”
O n t h e cross Christ sai d My G o d my G o d why
hast thou forsak e n m e —
,
.
, ,

Matt xxv i i 4 6 An d aft e r w ar ds . . .

h e sai d I asc e nd u n to my Fath e r and your Fath e r u n to m v

, ,

G o d an d y o ur G o d Joh n xx 1 7 He spo k e of G o d a s -
. .

b e i n g disti n ct from h ims e lf as o n e p e rso n i s from a n oth e r “

I
—
.

cam e from G o d J oh n v i i i 4 2 “
Why call e st th ou m e
g oo d ? th e r e i s n o n e g oo d b u t o ne that is G o d —
. .

Mark ,

x . 1 8 .

I t i s difficult i f o t i mposs i b l e to suppos e th at t h e di ipl

,
n , sc

as th e y w al k e d n d tal k e d w ith o u r S av i our thou ght th e y w r e

a ,
e

h ol di n g co n v e rs e w ith t h e Almi ghty G o d H ims e l f T h . e

lat e Arch b i sh op L o n gle y a dmi ts thi s I shoul d th e r e f r o e

b e pr e par e d to xp t that t h e g ra n d di sclosur e of Chri st s

’
e ec

di v i n atur e w oul d
ne o t b e fo rmally ma de to th e m till tha t n

p e ri o d the de sc e n t of t h e Holy The y

”

6
r th r C tr v r y p 5 4—5 7 C rdi l N wm (i h i
Th e B o e s on o e s a na e an n s

p 5 5 — b k wri tt wh h w
. .
,

Ar i f t h F urth C tury
an s o e o en . a oo en en e as

l rgym f t h E t bl i h d C hur h ) y
a c e an o Th m t
e ur t
s a s e c , sa s,
“
e _
os ac c a e

id r t i
c o ns f th ubj t wi ll l d t qu i i t h t t m t
e a on o e s ec ea us o ac e sc e n e s a e en as

g r l truth th t t h d tr i
a e ne a i qu t i [ i ,
th Tr i i ty d
a e oc ne s n es on v z .
, e n an

I r ti ] h v
nc a n a vr b onl r d m r ly fr m S ri ptur
a e ne Dr e een e a ne e e o c e
”
. .

B t Di ur f h Tri i ty h viii p
e n ne sc o y D ur i g t h
se o t e n
”
, c . . . sa s, n e

t im f S vi ur mi i try t h di i pl did t b l i v h w y
e O o ur a o
’
s n s , e sc es no e e e e as a n

thi g m r th n mr m o edu t d d i t d b y t h S piri t f

an a e e an , c o n c e an ass s e e o
 O b rist S ubo rdin a t e t o t ke Fa t /i er . 1
5

t hou gh t an d spo k e of C hri st b oth be for e an d aft e r t h e day

o f P e n t e cost as a m an appro v e d of G o d — Acts i i 2 2 . .

He i n cr e as e d in w is dom an d stature an d in fav our w ith

“

—
,

G o d a n d m an L uke i i 5 2 ; “
He pray e d to G o d
.
”

L uke vi 1 2 He h ad com e from G o d an d w e n t to G o d

—
.

“ ”
J oh n xi i i 3 G o d ma de h i m L or d a n d Chri st
°

t h e H e a d of Chri st i s G o d —1 C o r xi
.

A cts 1 1 3 6 ; . . .

3 He i s at t h e ri ght h an d of G o d ”
A cts i i 3 3 ;
” —
.

G o d rai s e d hi m from t h e de a d Acts i i 3 2 ; God .

h as g i ve n hi m a n am e ab o v e e v e ry n am e —Phil i i 9 ; . .

a n d fi n ally
, He Shall de li v e r up t h e k i n g dom to G o d e v e r
, ,
.

“
t h e Fath e r th e n shall t h e S o n als o h i ms e lf b e
su b j e ct u n to H im that put all th i ng s u n de r him that G o d
”—
,

may b e all in all 1 Co r xv 28 Eve ry stu de n t of t h e

. . .

N e w T e stam e n t k n o w s that such passa g e s as t h e ab o v e

a b ou n d in its pag e s Ev i de n c e li k e th is de mo n strat e s
.

t h at Ch ri st i s a p e rso n as di sti n ct from G o d as t h e

d iscipl e s w e r e disti n ct from Chri st or from o n e a n oth e r , .

A w rit e r w h o c ar e fully e xami n e d t h e N e w T e stam e n t

s ays
“
that 1 3 2 6 ti m e s t h e w or d G o d i s appli e d to a p e rso n
”
di sti n ct from J e sus Chri st With a cl e ar n e ss an d a forc e
.

o f la n g ua g e th at ca nn ot b e surpass e d Christ t h e b ri g ht e st , ,

e xampl e of a r e li g i ous life an d a r e li g i ou s t e ach e r has ,

t au ght that G o d i s h i s G o d a n d Fath e r as He i s our G o d ,

a n d Fath e r 7 Why n e e d we dou b t h i s w o rd or h ol d a th e ory

.
,

of h i m or of our h e a v e n ly Fath e r o u t of accor d w i th all h e

, ,

t au g ht ? P e rpl e xi n g i n de e d an d co n sta n tly p e rpl e xi n g

, , ,

God T he r e is n o t in all t h e N e w Te st am e n t o n e p assage whi c h

a nd

impl i e s that t h e di sc i pl e s dur i ng h is m i n i stry be l i e ve d him t o h ave any

divi ne n atur e Bp Burge ss . Pl ai n Argume nt fo r t h e Divi ni ty o f
C hr i st 6 ) admi t s T h e a p o s tl e s app e ar n o t t o h av e kn o wn th a t
,

C hr i st was G o d t i ll aft e r his r e surr e c t i o n an d asc e n si o n

7 J h
o n xx . 1 7
.
1 6 T lz ere is no G o d bu t o ne G od .

must all the pr e c e di n g t e xts b e to thos e wh o hol d that

"

“
th e r e are thr e e p e rs o n s of e q ual po w e r a n d g lory in t h e
Go dh e a d
Wh e n we are tol d that th e r e are t w o oth e r p e rso n s of
e q ual po w e r an d glory to G o d t h e Fath e r an d He t h e
( ,

Fath e r O f Christ w as t h e o n ly G o d k n o w n to t h e J e w s ) we are

, ,

r e mi n de d of t e xts li k e t h e follo w i n g T h e r e i s n o n e li k e
me
”
— E xo d ix 1 4 ; Fo r w ho in t h e h e ave n c an be
“
. .

” —
compar e d u n to J e ho v ah “
Ps l xxxi x 6 ; For wh o i s . .

” —
li k e u n to J e h o v ah our G o d Ps c xi i i 5 “
T o w hom . .

th e n w ill ye li k e n G o d ? or S hall I b e e q ual ? saith

t h e H oly O n e —I sa xl 1 8 2 5 T h e r e i s n o n e li k e u n to
”
-

n o n e li k e u n to T h e e 3 —J e r x
. . ,

T h e e J e ho v ah
’

—M i cah v ii 1 8
, . .

6 7; “
Who i s a G o d li k e u n to T h e e P ”

W e n e e d n o t q uot e furth e r e v i de n c e that t h e G o d—

.
, .

i n spir e d
proph e ts h ad n o i de a o f an y oth e r p e rso n or p e rso n s o f
e q ual po w e r an d g l o ry t o th e ir J e ho v ah G o d A ls o t h e .

whol e t e n or of t h e w orshi p of t he first apostl e s i s as

adv e rs e to t h e T ri n itaria n th e ory as i s a n ythi n g in t h e O ld

T e stam e n t .

Ye s stri ctly corro b orati v e of t h e v i e w s of patriarchs

, ,

proph e ts an d psalmist as to t h e a b solut e U n ity o f

, ,

G o d i s t h e t e ach i n g of J e sus Chri st a n d hi s a postl e s ;

,

an d th e y still furth e r str e n g th e n thi s doctri n e b y th e i r i n stru c t

ti o n an d e xam pl e ab out pray e r an d w orship 8 Chri st .

pray e d to t h e Fath e r an d tau ght h is follo we rs that t h e “

,

tru e w orshipp e rs shall w orsh ip t h e F ath e r ” “

for t h e
Fath e r s e e k e th such to w orship H i m —
,

J oh n iv 2 3 He . .

8
W k (i hi w rk t h C t hi m p 3 ) y th t t h
Ab p . a e n s o on e a ec s , . 1 0 sa s a e

L r d Pr y r t h
o
’
s th t w h ul d pr y t G d ly d t
a e e ac e s us
“
a e s o a o o on ,
an o

Him F th r thr ugh J u C hr i t L rd J r my T yl

a s o ur a e o es s s o ur o e e a or

(W rk xiii 4 3 ) y
o s T h t t h H ly G h t i G d i
. 1 wh r idsa s, a e o os s o s no e e sa
“
i S r i ptur e T h t t h H ly G h t i t b i v
n c t d i wh r m
. a e o os s o e n o ca e s no e e co

m d d an y x m ple f it b i g d r rd d
n o r an e a e o s e n o ne , eco e
1 8 Bible Test imo ny t o t ke Un ity of God .

s ch olarly T ri n itaria n s T h e y v irtual ly co n c e de that i t i s a

.

d o c tri n e of i n fe r e n c e a n d of church authority An d le t i t b e .

r e m e m b e r e d this i s do n e n ot w ithsta n di n g t h e e xpr e ss stat e

—
,

m e n ts of t h e sacr e d v olum e ;such as t h e follo w i n g “

H e ar O
I sra e l J e ho v ah our G o d i s o n e J e h o vah
, I e v e n I am , ,

HE a n d th e r e is n o G o d w i th ME
,
” “
T hou shalt ha v e n o n e .

oth e r G o d b u t ME “
I n th at day th e r e shall b e O ne
J e h o v ah an d hi s n am e O N E
,
“
J e su s a n s w e r e d t h e first ,
.

of all t h e c o mma n dm e n ts i s H e ar O I sra e l t h e L or d our ,

”
G o d i s O N E L or d T hi s i s life e t e r n al that th e y
.

mi g ht k n o w T H EE T HE ON L Y T RU E G O D an d J e sus Chri st
, ,

wh om th ou h ast s e nt ” “
T h e r e i s O N E G o d t h e Fath e r
.
”
, .

“ “ ”
G o d i s o ne Wh e n ye pray say O ur Fath e r The , , .

tru e w orshipp e rs shall w orsh ip t h e Fath e r

I t has b e e n sai d a nd we e n dors e t h e stat e m e n t that
, ,

so far as facts an d ar g um e n ts g o t h e q u e stio n b e t w e e n ,

t h e t w o th e olo g i e s t h e T ri n itari a n an d t h e U n itaria n i s as

, ,

compl e t e ly s e ttl e d as t h e q u e sti o n b e t w e e n t h e t wo ast ro n o

mi e s : t h e O ld w hi ch mak e s our e arth t h e c e n tr e arou n d
,

w hi ch su n m o o n an d stars r e v ol ve e ve ry t w e nty fo ur h ours

, ,
-

a n d t h e n e w w hich ma k e s our e arth a l e ss e r pla n e t in our

,

s olar syst e m w h i ch is b u t o n e amo n g cou n tl e ss syst e ms of

,

w orl ds With t h e facts fai rly pr e s e n t e d an d co nsi de re d i t i s

.
,

n o mor e possi b l e t o b e li e v e in t h e O ld th e olo g y tha n in t h e

O ld astro n omy An d all that we hav e to do i s t o s e t t h e

.

facts fair ly b e for e t h e p e opl e .

C ON C E SS I ONS or T RI N I T AR I AN S .

Th e r e is thi
t i t i whi h tt h t
s di s nc th t t h
on wh i hc a ac es o u s, a e se nse c

w put up imp rt t p g i t h giv t th m b y se n se en e

—IlI dg
e on oy an assa es s e v er o

O rth d x wr i t r
o o e s a e .

An arr y o f t e xts such as we ha v e pr e s e nt e d may app e ar

a , ,

li k e sp e ci al pl e a di n g or n x p t e stat e m e n t o n t h e s i de of
a e ar
 Tb e Wo rd “
Trin ity
”
is not in t b e Bible . 1
9

t he ab s o lut e u n ity of G o d ; for i t i s s om e tim e s sai d that t h e

a dv ocat e s of e v e ry diffe r e n t th e ory or church syst e m c a n

fin d t e xts in t h e Bi b l e for th e i r v i e w s T 0 thi s we are ab le .

to r e ply that l e ar n e d de fe n de rs o f t h e doctri n e of t h e T ri n ity

,

a c k n o w l e dg e t h e de fici e n cy o f S criptural e v i de n c e for th e i r

v i e w s Bish o p S m alridge says truly I t must b e o wn e d

.
“
,

“
that t h e do ctri n e o f t h e T ri n ity as i t i s propos e d in our ,

Arti cl e s our L i tur g y our Cr e e ds i s n o t in so man y w or ds

, , ,

“
tau ght u s in t h e H o ly S criptur e s What we pr o fe ss in .

our pray e rs we n o wh e r e r e a d in Scriptur e that t h e o n e ,

‘

G o d t h e o n e L or d i s in p e rso n n o t o n e o n ly b u t thr e e
, , ,

p e rso n s in o n e su b sta n c e T h e r e i s n o such t e xt in

’
.

S criptur e as th is that t h e U n i t y in T ri n ity an d t h e

‘
, ,

T ri n ity in U n i ty i s to b e w ors h ipp e d N O o n e of t h e

’
.
,

in spire d writ e rs h ath e xpr e ssly affirm e d that in t h e T ri n ity

'

n o n e i s afor e or aft e r oth e r n o n e i s g r e at e r or l e ss th an ,

a n o th e r 1 An d N e a n de r in h i s Church Hist o ry Q says

.
”
, , ,

T hi s doctri n e [t h e T ri n ity ] do e s n o t i t app e ars to m e b e lo ng , ,

stri ctly to t h e fu n dam e n tal arti cl e s of t h e Chri sti an Faith ;

as app e ars from t h e fact that i t i s e xplici tly se t forth in n o
parti cul ar passa g e of t h e N e w T e stam e n t ; fo r t h e o n ly
o ne in w h i ch th is i s do n e t h e passa g e r e lati n g to t h e ,

“
thr e e that b e ar r e cor d (1 J oh n v i s u n dou b t e dly .

spuri ous an d b y its u n g e n ui n e shap e t e sti fi e s to t h e fact

,

ho w fo r e i g n such a collocati o n i s from t h e styl e o f t h e

N e w T e stam e n t writi n g s W e fin d in t h e N e w T e stam e n t
.

no oth e r fu n dam e n tal arti cl e b e si de s that of w hi ch ,

“
t he Apostl e says that oth e r fo u n dati o n c an n o m an
,

lay tha n that i s lai d— t h e pr e ac h i n g of J e sus as t h e

M e ssiah ; an d t h e fo u n datio n of his r e li g io n i s de si g n at e d
by Christ h ims e lf as t h e faith I n t h e o n ly tru e G o d a nd ‘
,

S ixty S rm e o ns ; Serm on . xxxiii . p .

348 .

2
H i t ry f t h
s o o e C hur h c , Bo hu ’
s Edi t i o n ,
Vol II . . p . 2 86 .
20 T b e [ ki nd “
Tri n ity w/ien first u sed in M e C/i u rc/i .

inJ e sus Chri st w hom h e hath s e n t L uth e r as we ,

h av e s e e n a dmits T h e w or d T ri n ity i s n e v e r fou n d in t h e

“
,

Di v i n e R e cor ds b u t i s o n ly of huma n i n v e n ti o n Far , .

b e tt e r w oul d i t b e to say G o d tha n T rin ity 3 Cal v i n

”
.

s ays I disli k e thi s vul gar pray e r H oly T ri n ity o ne ,

‘
,

G o d h a v e m e rcy o n us as alto g e th e r sa v ouri ng O f ’

'

‘
, ,

b arb ari sm
” 4
Dr S outh g o e s furth e r tha n L uth e r an d
—
. .

C al v i n a n d says ,
“
I t must b e allo w e d that th e r e i s n o
such propositi o n as thi s that o ne a n d t /z e sa me G o d is ,
"

t liree dif ere n t p e rso ns formally a n d in t e rms t o b e fo u n d

f
,

in t h e S acr e d Writi ng s e ith e r of t h e O ld or N e w T e sta ,

m e n t ; n e i th e r i s i t pr e t e n de d that th e r e i s an y wor d of t h e
'

sam e si gn i fica n c e or i mporta n c e with t h e w or d Trin ity ,

us e d in S criptur e with r e latio n t o G o d ” 5

I t w o ul d b e
e asy to multiply co n c e ssi o n s such as t h e follo w i n g
W e O u ght to b e li e v e that th e r e are thr e e p e rso n s in o n e
e ss e n c e in t h e De ity G o d t h e Fath e r G o d t h e S o n a n d , , ,

G o d t h e H oly Gh o st th ou g h you n e v e r fin d in S criptur e ,

th e s e su blim e an d r e mark ab l e w or ds 5 S o that wh e n Car di nal ”

.

3
fir t f u d i t h wr i t i g f Th phi lu T i t i
Trias is
—S h ff I f Th phi lu w t h fir t
s o n n e n s o eo s. i n i as , n
'

t h wr i t i g
e f T rtull in s O e an c a . eo s as e s

wh mpl y d t h w r d T i d T i ity th t b tr t t rm whi h w

o e o e e o r a ,
r n , a a s ac e , c as

lr dy f mi l i r i t h h l f phil phy m u t h v b i tr
a ea a a n e sc oo s o o so ,
s a e e en n o

d d i t t h th l gy f t h C hr i t i
uc e n o eft r t h mi ddl f t h
eo o o e s a ns a e e e o e

d
se c o n tury —G ibb R m H i t ry l iii h p
cen
”
. on s
’
o an s o ,
vo . .
, c a . 21 .

t t Th l p 79 6
4
T rac a . eo .
, . .

t h T r i i ty p 3 8
5
C id o ns . on e n , . .

C hl Bi h p B v r i dg giv
oc ae u s . Tr t f t h Tim
s o l iii e e e es ac s or e es vo . .
,

p 3 N ; 77) t h d tr i th t thr di t i t P r o t b “

d H ly G h t — d th t
0, nc n s are

w r hi pp d —
. o e oc ne s a ee s e s o e

o sF th r S e a h f th
e , o n , an o os an a e ac o e se

i v ry G d
s e o d th t C hr i t i v ry G d d v ry an a s s e o an e

m i an d thn m pr
o ne i t
an f d tr i wh i h e sa e e so n as n s an c e s o oc ne s c

a re n ot r d xpr ly d d fi i t ly i H ly S ri ptur
ea e e ss Th i I ll an e n e n o c e . s ca

ta d gm [ h Tr i i ty]
o nc e o d b v a mpr h it If th y
e n an a o e o ur c o e ens o n . e

b i t ell ig t g t
e n th y mu t h v thr i d p d t wi lls f th i
en a e n s, e s a e ee n e en en o e r
 Ve ry R ema rka ble S cri t u ra l Co n cess io ns p . 2 1

WVise m an as k e d t h e q u e stio n Wh e r e i s t h e t e rm T ri n ity to ,

“

b e disco v e r e d in S criptur e h e as k e d a q u e sti o n w h ich i s

c apa b l e of o n ly o n e a n s w e r n o t as a matt e r o f opi n i o n b u t
"

a s a matt e r Of fact that n o t o n ly t h e t e rm T rin ity b u t n o

, ,

s tat e m e n t or de fi n itio n o f t h e doctri n e i s to b e fou n d in t h e ,

Bi b l e . T h e R e v Jam e s Carlil e says

.
— “
I ha v e e v e r di sli k e d
t h e u se of t h e w or d T rin ity in pray e r to G o d as n o t b e i n g a ,

n am e w h e r e b y G o d r e v e als H ims e lf t o us an d as ,

sa v ouri n g of scholasti c th e olo g y W e w o ul d o n c e

m or e r e mi n d our r e a de rs that t h e a b o v e are all co n c e ssi o n s
o f T ri n itari a n di v i n e s w h o most j ustly o b s e r v e that n o n e
,

o f t h e t e rms us e d in S p e a k i n g of t h e T ri n ity are to b e

fou n d in t h e S acr e d V olum e
“

Wh e n we are tol d that t e xts may b e pro duc e d from t h e

Bi b l e to uphol d an y th e o ry we c an m e e t t h e ass e rti o n b y t h e ,

s impl e truth that th e r e i s n o t e xt in t h e Bi b l e in whi ch th e r e

:
,

“ ” “
o ccurs t h e phras e T ri n ity or T hr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d ,

“ ”
o r Fath e r S o n an d H oly Gh o st are o n e G o d or an y oth e r
, , ,

e q u i v al e n t of t h e doctri n e tau gh t in t h e cr e e ds of t he
church e s T h is importa n t fact i s co n c e de d b y ma n y sch olarly
.

di v i n e s wh o profe ss t h e T ri n itari a n faith I n a v e ry r e c e n t

w ork a R ural De an t h e R e v T M o z l e y b roth e r ln—
.

, ,
la w to . .
,
-

C ar di n al N e wma n w rit e s as fo ll o w s ,
— “
I as k w ith all hum b l e
n e ss w h e r e t h e i de a of T hr e e n e ss i s e xpr e ss e d in t h e N e w

T e stam e n t w ith a doctri n al s e n s e an d forc e Wh e r e i s t h e

T riu n e G o d h e l d up to b e w o rshipp e d l o v e d an d o b e y e d ? , ,

Wh e r e i s He pr e ach e d an d pr o claim e d in that thr e e fol d

o wn , and wh a t b e c o m e s th en of th e ty f t h
U ni o e D e i ty ?
We t b ll d up t b l i v
c ann o e ca e on o e e e th t wh i h w
a c e do not u rt
n de s an d ,

an d wh i h cft r ll i ly h d d d
, a e a , s on an e o wn to us by tradi t i o n - Tk e
l ate Du ke of S u sse x .

7
Le c tur e s o n D o c tr i n e s , &c .
,
p . 2 70 .

9
J e sus C hr i st t h e G r e at G o d, p . 2 32 .
 Cl mst ianity Co rru t ed by Pa p g ni m
’

a s .

charact e r ? W e r e a d G o d i s o n e a e Fath e r
‘ ’
, as too I n d t h
,
‘

are o n e ; b u t n o w h e r e do we r e a d that T hr e e are o n e

‘ ’
,

u nl e ss it b e in a t e xt lo n g si n c e k n o w n to b e i n t e rpolat e d
T o m e t h e w hol e matt e r i s most pai n ful a n d
p e rpl e xi n g a n d I sh oul d n o t e v e n sp e a k as I n o w do did"
, ,

I n o t fe e l o n t h e thr e sh ol d of t h e grav e soo n to app e ar ,

b e for e t h e T hro n e of all truth C e rtai n ly n o t in .

S criptur e do we fin d t h e e xpr e ssi o n G o d t h e S o n or

‘ ’
,

G o d t h e H oly Ghost Wh e n e v e r I pro n ou n c e t h e n am e ’

.

of G o d s imply and first I m e a n G o d t h e Fath e r an d I

, , ,

ca nn ot h e lp m e a n i n g that i f I am m e a n i n g a nythi n g 9 ,
”
.

T I MON Y O F HI S T ORY T HE T E S .

C hr i t i i ty qu r d P g i m b t P g i m i f t d C hri
s an co n e e a an s , u a an s n ec e s

t i it yan Th ri t f th P
. th w r i tr du d i t h i t it
e es o e an eon e e n o ce n o er ns u

ti d th
o n s , an ub tl ti f t h A d my i t h r d e s l[ l y e es o e ca e n o er c ee .
”1
-i a ca u a .

I f th e r e h ist o ry of t h e Christia n r e li g i o n
be o ne fact in t h e .

m o r e stri k i ng an d de m o n strabl e tha n a n oth e r i t i s thi s that , ,

o u r r e li g i o n start e d its car e e r w ith a pur e ly Mo n oth e isti c

th e o lo g y W e hav e alr e a dy sho wn that th e r e i s n o t a S i n gl e

.

si g n in t h e pa g e s o f t h e Gosp e ls or of t h e Acts of t h e ,

Apostl e s (t h e first r e cor ds o f our r e li g i o n ) of a n y att e mpt

t o i n tr o duc e a ny diffe r e n t th e olo g ical co n c e pti o n of t h e

U n ity o f G o d th a n that w h i c h for a g e s h a d b e e n k n o wn to t h e

J e w ish p e o pl e 2 I t w oul d app e ar that t h e Chri sti a n r e li g io n
. .

9
mi i
Re n s c e nc e s o f O r i l C ll
e o e ge a nd the O xfo r d Mo vem e n t .

1
E y ss a on L o rd Bac o n .

y t m t i d tr i f t h Tr i i ty w k pt i t h b k
T he s s e a c oc ne o e n as e n e ac

gr u d i t h i f y f C hr i t i i ty wh f i th d b di w r an en a an o e e nc e e e

—
o n n e n an c o s ,

vig r u D r J H N wm
o o s
”
Ar i
. f F urth C tury
. . . e an s
’
an s o o en
”
,

1 1 i p . 6,
. 1 0 .
 Tb e Pla t o n ic Pkilosop liy I n t ro du ced . 2 3 .

i s n o t S i ng ular in t h e cha n ge s whi ch h av e tak e n plac e

s i n c e i ts first p romul g ati o n Wri t e rs o n such r e li g io n s as .

thos e of t h e a n ci e n t Eg ypti a n s t h e Brahmi n s an d oth e rs , , ,

co nt e n d that a much g r e at e r th e olo g i cal si mpli ci ty mar k e d

th e ir e arli e r tha n th e ir lat e r car e e r 3 .

N o hi storian i g n or e s t h e s e ri ous co n fli cts wh ich too k

plac e duri n g t h e th ir d an d fourth c e nturi e s in t h e Christia n
“
C hurch M osh e i m says th at i t i s c e rtai n that huma n
.

l e ar n i n g an d ph ilosophy hav e at all tim e s pr e t e n de d

to m o dify t h e do ctri n e s of Chri stia n ity a n d that th e s e ,

pr e t e n si o n s h av e e xt e n de d furth e r th an b e lo n g s to t h e
pro v i n c e of philosophy o n t h e o n e ha n d or i s co n si st e n t ,

w ith t h e purity o f t h e Gosp e l o n t h e o th e r The

“
Plato n i c philosophy Gi b b o n says a n ti cipat e d o n e of t h e
, ,

most surpri si n g di sc o v e ri e s [t h e T ri n ity ] of t h e Chri stia n

r e v e lati o n ” 5
Bi sh op H orsl e y c o n c e de s that “
Plato n i c
c o n v e rts to Chri sti a n ity appli e d t h e pri n cipl e s of th e ir o ld
ph ilosoph y t o t h e e xpli cati o n an d c o n firmati o n of t h e
arti cl e s o f th e ir faith T h e y de fe n de d it b y ar g um e n ts .
.

3
I t is app ar e n t t o m e th at t h e C hr i st i an r e l igi o n h as b e e n c o rrupt e d
fr o m ve ry e arly t ime s an d that th e se c o rrupt i o n s have b e e n mi st ake n
,

fo r e sse n t i a l p art s o f it an d h ave b e e n t h e c au se o f r e n de r i n g t h e

wh o l e r e l igi o n i n c r e dibl e —
,

Tk e Du ke of G af t o n r .

4
H i t ry f t h C hr i t i C hur h S d C tury
s o o e Th H ll i
s an c : eco n en . e e en c

phi l phy p r t d fr m wi th ut
o so t imul t i g f r up t h
o e a e o o ,
as a s a n o ce , on e

f rm f t h wh l p tr i t i th l gy t h d tr i f th L g d
g th r t —
o o e o e a s c eo o , e oc nes o e o o s an

t h T r i i ty m S h ft H i t ry f C hr i t i C hur h ’
e n a on e es c a s s o o s an c ,

vo l i p . 84. Th ,
wh m i t i d th t l r i g
. 2 . d ph i l
o se phy o a n a ne a ea n n an o so

w r r th r dv t g u th d tr im t l t t h
e e a e a u f r ligi
an a eo s an e en a o e ca se o e o n,

g i d b y d gr t h
a ne d t M h im S d C tury P rt
e ees e as c e n an - os e , eco n en , a 2 .

A th r um r u di t i f M h im w rk d v ri u t
’
s e e are n e o s e l o ns o os e s o ,
an a o s ran s a

t i w qu t p g
o n s, e u d r th o etury i wh i h th y t b
assa es as n e e cen n c e are o e

f u d O qu t t i
o n . fr m M l i tr l ti
ur o a 8 o n s are o ac a n e s
’
an s a o n, 1 10 .

H i t ry f t h R m Empi r l iii h p
s o o e o an e, v o . .
, c a . 2 1 .
2 4 Ve ry R ema rka ble Hist o rica l Co n cessio n s .

dra w n from Plato n i c pri n ci pl e s an d e v e n propou n de d i t in ,

Plato n i c la n guag e Mosh e i m says of t h e first thr e e c e n

t urie s ,
“
N oth i ng w as di ctat e d to t h e faith of Chri stia n s in t h e
“
matt e r [ of t h e T ri n i ty] ; n o r w e r e an y mo de s o f e xpr e ssi o n
pr e scri b e d or r e q ui sit e to b e us e d in sp e ak i n g of thi s
myst e ry S i milarly t h e lat e Bi shop H i n d r e mar k s
,
“
It ,

s e e ms to ha v e call e d fo r n o e xpla n ati o n an d i s n o t e v e n ,

sp o k e n of as a myst e ry ” 8 “
T h e s e doctri n e s says Dr
.
”
, .

O lint h u s Gr e g ory co n c e r n i n g t h e n atur e O f t h e T ri n ity

“
, ,

wh i ch in pr e c e di n g a ge s h ad e scap e d t h e v ai n curi osity O f

m an an d h a d b e e n l e ft u n de fi n e d b yw or ds a n d u n de t e rmi n e d
b y a n y parti cular se t of i de as e xcit e d co n si de rab l e co n t e sts ,

thr o u gh t h e w h o l e O f th is [fo urth ] c e n tury ”

S ur e ly a
d octri n e of w h ich i t i s s o r e p e at e dly sai d b y T rin it a ria n ,

we fin d n o trac e of a n y w or ds wh ich se t
“
liist o i ia n s th at ,

it forth duri n g t h e first c e n turi e s that th e r e w as n o mo de

“

of e xpr e ssi o n pr e scri b e d in sp e ak i n g O f it ; that it was

” “

”
l e ft u n de t e rmi n e d an d u n de fi n e d b y an y se t of i de as ;
t hat it call e d for n o e xpl an atio n ”
that it w as k e pt in t h e
b ac kg rou n d ; that i t w as n o t e v e n S po k e n of as a
” “

myst e ry —coul d n o t hav e h ad much i n flu e n c e in that

6 C o ll e c t e d C harge s p I 30 ; Lo n do n 1 8 3 0 A sc h o o l o f Pla
, . .

t o n ist s at A l e xan dr i a (se e Cu dwo rt h s I n t e ll e c tu a l S yst e m t aught

’
,

that in t h e G o dh e ad we re (1 ) T h e supr eme go o d : (2 ) t h e mi n d o r

i n t e ll e c t : (3 ) t h e so ul An d that t h e se co n d wa s ge n e r at e d fr o m t h e
.

fi r st a n d t h e Min i w as de p e n de n t o n t h e fir st an d se c o n d
,
All C hur c h .

hi st o r i an s affirm wi th Bi sho p H o r sl e y th at t h e Pl a t o ni c do c tr i n e s we r e
, ,
‘

fo r c e d o n t h e att e n t i o n o f t h e e arly C hr i sti an s Athan asi us Bi sho p o f .

,

A l e xan dr i a u s e d t o t e ll t h e Ar i an s t o go a n d l e ar n t h e Tr in i ty fr o m t h e
,

Pl a t o n i st s . S t Augu s t i n e c o n fe sse s th a t h e was in t h e dark ab o ut t h e

.

T r i n i ty u n t i l h e r e a d so me Pl a t o n i c wr i t i ngs wh i c h t h e pr o vi de n c e o f
G o d h ad thr o wn in h is w ay
”
.

7
H i t ry
s o o f t he C hr i st i an C hur c h .

3
H i t rys o , R i se , &c .
, of C hr i st i an i ty , p .
35 .
2 6 Tb e S t a t e ( k olding t lie Doct rine of t b c T rin it y .

by thos e s ai n tly pr e lat e s Damasus Po ntiff of R om e and

, , ,
’

P e t e r Bish op o f Al e xan dria that th e y b e li e v e t h e o n e

, ,

di v i n ity of t h e Fath e r S o n an d Holy Spirit of maj e sty

, , ,

c o e ual in t h e H oly T ri n ity

-
q W e will that thos e wh o .

e m b rac e thi s cr e e d b e call e d Catholi c Chri stia n s We .

b ra nd all t h e se n s e l e ss follo w e rs of oth e r r e li g io n s b y t h e

i n famous n am e of h e r e ti cs an d forb i d th e ir co nv e n ticl es
“

“
to assum e t h e n am e of Church e s W e r e s e r v e th e i r .

pu n ishm e n t to t h e v e n g e an c e of H e av e n an d to such ,

m e asur e s as di v i n e i n spiratio n shall dictat e t o u s T hi s

de cr e e app e ar e d in t h e n am e s of Gratian V al e n ti n ia n I I an d ,
.
,

T h e o dosius . I t w as t h e o ffici al n oti ficati o n of t h e doctri ne

of t h e T ri n ity an d thus as De a n M ilman puts i t in hi s
,

t h e r e li g i o n of t h e w hol e R o ma n
“ ” “
H istory of Christi a n ity ,

w orl d w as e nact e d b y t w o fe e b l e b oys and a ru de Span ish

sol di e r Wa ddi ng to n a T ri n itaria n says that o n ly
, ,

t w o y e ars aft e r t h e Cou n ci l of Co n stanti n opl e T h e o dosiu s ,

“
a ddre ss e d t h e Aria ns A D 3 8 3 thus I w ill n o t p e rmi t
,
. .
, ,
‘

‘
throu gh out my domi n i o n s any oth e r r e li g i o n than that
w h ich o b li g e s us to w orship t h e S o n of G o d in u n ity o f ,

e ss e n c e w ith t h e F ath e r a nd t h e H oly Gh ost in t h e ,

a dorab l e T ri n ity ’
. As T h e o dosius p e rs e v e r e d
in fie xibly ag ai n st t h e Arian s an d hi s s e ve riti e s w e r e ,

“
att e n de d b y g e n e ral an d lasti n g succ e ss t h e doctri n e o f ,

Arius if n o t p e rfe ctly e xtirpat e d w ith e r e d from that

, ,

mom e n t rapi dly an d irr e co v e rab ly ” 13

T h e t e stim o n y of
Gi bb o n i s v e ry similar : “
I n t h e spac e of fift e e n y e ar s
T h e o dosius issu e d n o l e ss tha n fift e e n s e v e r e e dicts mor e ,

e sp e ci ally ag ai n st th os e w h o r e j e ct e d t h e doctri n e of t h e

T ri n ity ; and to de pri v e th e m of e v e ry hop e of e scap e h e ,

12 H i t ry
s o of t he C hr i sti an C hur c h hp
c a .
9 .

13 H i t ry
s o of th e C hr i st i an C hur c h (A D . . c hp a .
7
.
 Pop ula r Pro t est s aga in st t /ie Trin ity . 2 7

st e r nly e n act e d that if an y la w s or r e scripts sh oul d b e

all e g e d in th e ir fav our t h e j u dg e s sh oul d co n si de r th e m as ,

t h e ill e g al pro ducti o n s of e ith e r frau d or for g e ry 1 4

I t i s cl e ar that to w ar d t h e clos e O f t h e fourth c e n tury t h e

, ,

Church h ad arri v e d at a p e rio d w h e n a n e w n om e n clatur e

h ad b e e n succ e ssfully i n tro duc e d i n to i ts cr e e ds an d pray e rs .

T h e simpl e an d S criptural M o n oth e i sm of t h e J e w s an d of t h e ,

first Christi an Church w as compl e t e ly g o n e 15

T h e doctri n e
, .

of t h e T ri n i ty t h e O ffspri n g of h e ath e n mysti c i sm philo

, ,

s ophy an d S oph istry w as se t up T h i s cha n g e did n o t

, .

com e w ithout s e ri ous co nfli cts prot e sts an d co n vulsi o ns , ,

.

T h e w hol e of t h e fourth c e n tury b e ars w it n e ss to th is .

Me n of l e arn i n g e spous e d diffe re n t s i de s in th i s th e o

lo g i cal w arfar e T h e mass of t h e p e opl e rais e d t h e
.

v oic e agai n st t h e i n n o vati o n Epiph an ius w rit e s A D

'

. .
.
,

350 th at t h e short plai n ar g um e n t of t h e b o dy O f

, ,

t h e p e opl e in hi s tim e w as “
We ll fri e n d w hat doctri ne , , ,

n o w ?S hall we ac k n o w l e dg e o n e G o d or t lz ree Go ds ? O th e r
“ ” 16

disput e s q ui c k ly spru n g up o n n i c e poi n ts O n e of th e s e .

14
H i t ry m Empi r l iii h p 7
s o of Ro an e , vo . .
, c a . 2 .

15
I “
th rt i l f t h Tr i i ty t h C hr i t i
n e a c e pt i f G d
o e n , e s an c o nc e on o o

compl t ly d fi i t lf i di t i t i l ik fr m t h b tr t M
e e e ne s se n s nc on a e o e a s ac o no

th i m f t h J wi h r l igi
e s o d fr m t h p lyth i m
e e s d du l i m e o n , an o e o e s an a s

ofth h th e S h fi H i t ry f t h C hr i t i
ea en C hur h
“
cl i a
’
s s o o e s an c ,
”
vo . .
,

p . 2 82 .

16
Pr i tl y H i t ry f t h C rrupt i f C hr i t i i ty
S ee es e
’
s d s o o e o on o s an an

a sol E rly O p i i f a th r im i l r t t m t
n o ns F thi g i or o e s a s a e en s . o r no n s

m r m i f t th thi truth th t t h bl impl i i ty d dig i ty f

o e an es an s , a e no e s c an n o

r l igi w r dly rrupt d i m y pl wh t h ph i l ph r

e on e e sa co e n an ac e s en e o so e s

b l d d th i r p i i
en e wi th it pur d tr i
e o n o nsTh s e oc ne s e

r d d v r bl impl i i ty f t h pr imi t iv t im whi h r qui r d

sa c e an e ne a e s c o e e e s, c e e

nom r th tru f i th i t h W rd f G d d i r b di
o e an a e a n e o o o an a s nc e e o e enc e

—
,

t Hi h ly l w
o pp r d l i ttl b tt r th ru t i i ty d ig r
s o a s, a ea e e e e an s c an n o an c e

t tho ubtl d tr i
e s f th i qu ibb l i g g
e oc M l im d
ne s o tl s n a e os z e , un er ze

Fo u rt k Cen t u ry .
2 8 O t lier Fo llies in t ro duced i nt o t li e Cli u rck .

was on ou ght to say

t h e q u e sti o n O ne o f w h e th e r we
“

“
t h e T ri n ity suffe r e d in t h e fl e sh or O n e p e rso n of t h e
T ri n i ty suffe r e d in t h e fl e sh O n th is pr e tty pu z z l e th e r e
w e r e man y diffe r e n t opi n i o n s From that day to th i s t h e .

doctri n e of t h e T ri n ity has b e e n t h e su bj e ct of diffe r e n c e s so

co n sta n t a n d s e ri ous th at we are i n cli n e d to thi nk Christ e n
do m w ill soo n say w hat Arch b i shop T illotso n o n c e sai d o f ,

t h e Atha n asia n Cr e e d
“
I w ish we w e re w e ll rid of it ” 17
,

I n co n clu di n g th i s part of our tas k we ch e e rfully ,

a ck n o wl e dg e t h e fact th at o n t h e q u e stio n of t h e U n ity o f ,

G o d m e n of e q ual i n t e lli g e n c e an d de v oti o n are fou n d o n

,

diffe r e n t s i de s T h e n am e s of illustri ous di v i n e s s ch olars

.
, ,

a n d oth e rs w h o fo r fift e e n hu n dr e d y e ars h ave g race d t h e

,

Church a n d t h e w orl d w ith th e ir l e ar n i n g a n d g oo dn e ss ,

an d w h o at t h e sam e tim e b e li e v e d in t h e doctri n e of

t h e T ri n ity are w e ll k n o w n But i t is also tru e that in
,
.

t h e e arli e r p e ri o d of t h e Church as in mo de r n ti m e s n o t
18
, ,

17
L e tt e r
h p Bur t Th C u i l f Eph u (4 3 ) d r d
to Bi s o ne . e o nc o es s 1 ec e e

th t M ry w t h m th r f G d Aft r thi di put r

a a as
“
e o e o o e s a s e a o se on

th e qu t i f A es th m th r f M ry wh th r h h ul d b
on o nn e , e o e o a , e e s e s o e

ca ll d t h m th r f t h m th r f G d
e ,
“
e ot h gr dm th r f
e o e o e o o o r,
“
e an o e o

G d o O b urdi ty p v t h w y f ne ath r s a es e a o r an o e .

13
W l im t ly t h fir t p tl
e c a d t h r f C hr i t i i ty
no on e s a os es an e ac e s o s an ,

b ut t h gr t b dy f t h
e bl rmy f m rtyr
ea o d f r o f e no e a o a s an c o n e sso s
”
, o

th t Ni
e an e - p r i d h vi g h ld t h tri t u i ty f G d Th
c ene e o ,
as a n e e s c n o o . e

t Ni
an e - f th r i v r i bly p k f C hr i t
c e ne a ub rdi t t t h
e s n a a s o e o s as s o na e o e

F th r I t h th i r d d f urth tur i th r w Tr i i ty h l d up
a e . n e an o c en es e e as a n e

t b b li v d i
o e b t e t Tr i i ty f qu l p r
e e i t h G dh d
n, u no a n o e a e so n s n e o ea .

“
All t h l r d m i t h e d tury gr i yi g th t t h
e a ne en n e se c o n c en a ee n sa n a e

C hr i t i w r hi p ly
s an s G d t h G d f Abr h m I
o s d on o ne o e o o a a s aa c , an

J b —B iq
, ,

T h f ll wi g w r d f O r ig ; W mu t
”
ac o . ou z ue . e o o n are o s o en e s

pr y ly t G d t h F th r f ll t wh m t h S vi ur pr y d
a on o o , e a e o a , o o e a o a e .

I th i w ll gr d d t divi d d
n b ut t h s e are a a ee ,
an are n o e a o e

m th d f pr y r T h pr y r f P ly rp wh h w t i d t
e o o a e e a e o o ca , en e as e o

th t k h w v ry l rly t wh m pr y r w th ddr d O
e s a e, s o s e c ea o o a e as en a e sse :

L r d G d Almighty t h F th r f thy w ll b l v d d bl
o o dS , e a e o e -
e o e an e sse on

J u C hri t by wh m w h v r iv d k wl dg f Th
es s s , & o e a e ec e e a no e e o ee c.
 P
Vo rds of jlf ilt o n , IVewt o n, L o cke, a n d Wa t t s . 2 9

a fe w whos e n am e s are h ous e h ol d w or ds in Chri st e n dom

for v irtu e an d l e ar n i n g ha v e h e l d t h e S criptural an d U n it a
ria n v i e w of G o d J O H N M IL T ON w as a car e ful an d i n dus
.

tri o ns stu de n t of t h e Bi b l e Ye t t h e follo w i n g are w or ds

—
.

of h is in a tr e atis e h e w rot e a g ai n st t h e T rinit y z

,
“
For
“
my o wn part I a dh e r e to t h e H oly S criptur e s alo n e I
, ,

follo w n o oth e r h e r e sy or s e ct I f th e r e for e t h e Fath e r .

, ,

b e t h e G o d of Christ an d t h e sam e b e our G o d an d if , ,

th e r e b e n o n e oth e r G o d b u t o n e th e r e c an b e n o G o d ,
”
b e si de t h e Fath e r .

S I R I S A AC N E W T ON i t i s w e ll k n o w n w as a de v out r e a de r
, ,

o f t he Bi b l e Ye t all ac q uai n t e d w ith h is th e olo g ical

.

O pi n i o n s a dmi t that h e a dopt e d U n itaria n v i e w s He says .

T h e re is O n e G o d t h e Fath e r e v e r l i v i n g om n ipr e s e n t
, , ,

om n i sci e nt almi ghty t h e mak e r of h e a v e n an d e arth an d

, , ,

o n e m e diator b e t w e e n G o d an d m e n— t h e m an Christ

J e sus T h e Fath e r i s t h e i nv isi b l e G o d w hom n o e ye

.
,

hath s e e n or c an se e All oth e r b e i n gs are som e tim e s

.

v isi b l e All t h e w orship (wh e th e r of prais e or pray e r or

.
, ,

than k s g i v i ng ) wh ich w as du e to t h e Fath e r b e for e t h e

comi n g of Christ i s still du e to him Christ cam e n o t to
,
.

di mi n ish t h e w orship of hi s Fath e r

”
.

Wi th M ilto n an d N e w to n th e r e is a n oth e r n am e co n stantly

associ at e d as shari n g t h e sam e disti ng uish e d m e n tal ra nk
, ,

J O H N L O C K E T h e e v i de n c e of h i s U n itaria n b e li e f i s s o
.

compl e t e that n o o n e n o w de n i e s that h e h e l d t h e sam e

th e olo g i cal O pi n io n s o n thi s su b j e ct as t h e po e t an d t h e
philosoph e r 1 9 He h ad w e ll co n si de r e d t h e S criptural and ,

also t h e histori cal ar g um e n ts for an d ag ai n st t h e T ri n ity

,
.

He says “
T h e fath e rs b e for e t h e C ou n cil of N ic e sp e a k
,

“
rath e r li k e Arian s tha n t h e ortho do x ” “
T h e re .

is scarc e ly o n e t e xt all e g e d b y t h e T ri n itaria ns which is n o t

9
Se e Lo r d C han c e ll o r Ki ng
’
s Li fe of Lo c ke
30 Tb e Test imo ny f E minen t
o Men .

“
oth e r w is e e xpou n de d b y th e ir o wn w rit e rs .

I t [t h e T ri n ity] is i n co nsiste n t w ith t h e rul e of pray e r

dir e ct e d in t h e S acr e d S criptur e s For if G o d b e thr e e .

p e rso n s h o w c an we pray to H i m throu g h His S o n for

,
”
Hi s Spirit ?
T o w ar ds t h e clos e of a lo n g an d acti v e life t h e c e l e b rat e d ,

Dr I S AAC W ATT S w as co n strai n e d to ab an do n h i s fo rm e r

.

T ri n itaria n v i e w s W e ha v e t h e cl e ar e st e v i de n c e of thi s in h i s
.

S ol e m n Addr e ss to t h e De ity in w hi ch o ccurs t h e follo w

ing De ar an d b l e ss e d G o d ha dst T hou tol d m e plai nly ,

in an y s i n gl e t e xt that t h e Fath e r S o n an d H oly S piri t are , ,

thr e e r e al disti n ct p e rso n s in T h y di v i n e n atur e

, ,

I shoul d have j oyfully e mploy e d all my r e aso n i ng po we rs ,

w ith th e ir utmost s k ill an d acti v i ty to hav e fou nd out th is ,

i n fe r e n c e an d e n graft e d i t i n to my soul
, T he .

De i ty i s n o t ma de up of thr e e such disti n ct an d s e parat e

”
S pirits .

With t h e n am e s of M ilto n L oc k e N e w to n an d Watts we , , , ,

c an associat e thos e of Ch illin gwo rt h L or d Fal k la n d S ir M , , .

Hal e Dr S amu e l Clar k e Whisto n Wh it b y Be n so n L ar dn e r

,
.
, , , , ,

Porso n William P e nn S ir W Jo n e s Hal e s of E to n an d oth e rs

, ,
.
, , ,

w ho made t h e Bi b l e an d th e ol o g y a sp e ciality of th e i r stu di e s .

Po e ts li k e Ak e n side Barb au ld R o g e rs J o a nn a Bailli e R osco e

, , , , ,

Bryan t L o ng fe llo w E m e rso n ; an d ph ilosoph e rs li k e Pri e st

, ,

le y Fra nk li n Hutch e so n Pric e R itt e n hous e C a v e n di sh a n d

, , , , , ,

De M org an also e m b rac e d thi s s impl e faith in O N E G O D t h e

, ,

Fath e r I t w as a dopt e d in t h e last c e n tury b y fiv e e mi n e n t

.

Bish ops of t h e E stab lish e d Church R u n dl e Clayt on Watso n , , , ,

L aw (of C arlisl e ) an d L aw (of E lphi n ) Br e w st e r says that

20
.
,

E nglan d may we ll b e prou d of hav i n g had M ilto n L ock e

—an d we
, ,

an d N e w to n for t h e champio n s of Prot e sta n tism

c an also say th at our v i e w s of t h e ab solut e u n ity of G o d

2°
O th r e s add, Bi s h pH
o o ad ely .
 Bible Texts Q u o t ed a nd Expla ined .
31

hav e b e e n ho n our e dbyt h e t e stimo ny of th e s e an d oth e r l e arn e d

m en S till we plac e our r e lia n c e for r e li g ious truth o n t h e
.
, ,

W o r d of G o d n o t o n t h e w i s dom of m n T o t h e la w a

t e stim on y we app e al—to

, .

an d t h e t he Bi bl e , an d the Bi b l e
O n ly as t h e r e li g io n of Prot e sta n ts
, .

BI BL E T E XT S S U PPO S E D T O R E FE R T O T HE T R I N I T Y .

Th r i r ly t xt ll g d by t h Tr i i t ri whi h i t
e e s no

th rwi xp u d d b y th ir w wr i t r —7 l L k
s sc a c e o ne e a e e e n a an s c

o e se e o n e e o n e s o in oc e .

I n q uoti n g t h e la ng ua g e of e mi n e n t T ri n itaria n di v i n e s
wh o say that t h e w or d T ri n ity i s n e v e r fou n d in t h e
“

Di v i e R e cor ds that you n e v e r fin d in t h e S acr e d S crip

n

tur e s thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d

‘ — “
th t t h e phras e Holy ’
a

T ri n ity s da n g e rous an d i mprop e r

I — “
that th e r e i s n o
such propositi o n as that o n e an d t h e sam e G o d i s thr e e
p e rso n s ” “
wh e r e in t h e S criptur e s i s t h e T riu ne G o d
h e l d up to b e w orshipp e d lo v e d an d o b e y e d we do n o t
, ,

w i sh to co nve y t h e i de a that our T ri n it ari an n e i gh b ours do n o t

p ro d uc e a n y t e xts from t h e B i b l e as i n dir e ct support of th e ir

v i e w s W e k n o w th e y do a dvan c e S criptural proofs ; b u t

.

t h e fe w n e ss of such t e xts i s n otab l e I n W e sl e y s

’
S e rmo n o n .

o n e t e xt alo n e 1 J oh n v 7 i s r e li e d o n
”
t h e T ri n ity , , T hi s .
, .

i s n o w r e mo ve d from t h e N e w T e stam e n t as spuri ous I n .

C ompl e t e An alysi s of t h e Bi b l e b y t h e R e v N ath

“ ”
t he , . .

W e st D D a most e xt e n si v e w ork four t e xts are r e li e d o n ;

,
. .
, ,

o n e of th e s e as we hav e alr e a dy sai d i s r e mo v e d

,
I n thi s , .

w or k th e re are pro b ab ly fiv e hu n dr e d t e xts o n t h e p e rso n of

C hrist an d o n ly four t e xts as S criptural proofs of t h e
‘

I n Dr E a di e s
“
Classi fi e d T e xts of t h e Bi b l e
’ ”
T ri n ity . .
,

a most e lab orat e w or k li k e Dr We st s fou n de d o n ,

.
’
,

T alb ot s An alysi s of t h e Bi b l e
“ ’ ”
wh il e th e r e are t we nty-e ight,

C o mmo n Pl ac e Bo o k .
 4
0
-
? 1 Bible Text s Q u o t ed a nd E xpla ined .

pag e s of t e xts de v ot e d to t h e p e rso n of J e sus Christ th e r e ,

are o n ly s ix t e xts a dduc e d as Bi b l e proofs of t h e T ri n ity .

L e t us e xami n e th e s e an d we shall fin d that w hat J oh n ,

L oc k e sai d of t h e co n c e ssi o n s of T ri n itari a n s i s v e ri fi e d .

(I ) I sa xl v i i i 1 6 : T h e L or d G o d an d His Spiri t hath

“
. .

s e nt & C W e ha v e b e for e us o v e r a do z e n co n c e ssi o n s o n

.

thi s t e xt b ut le t t h e wor ds of L uth e r an d Cal v i n su ffic e

, .

L uth e r says “
T h i s passa g e has b e e n ama z i n gly dark e n e d
, .

T h e J e w s u n de rstoo d i t of t h e prophe t an d this opi n i o n I

a dopt . I t w ill n o t vali dly support t h e myst e ry o f
t h e T ri n ity Cal v i n says M a n y apply i t to Christ b ut , ,

th e y are no t support e d b y t h e la n gua g e of t h e proph e t .

W e shoul d b e w ar e of v i ol e n t an d forc e d i n t e rpr e tati o n s ” 2

(2 ) Matt i i i 1 6 1 7 .
“
T h e spirit of G o d de sc e n di n g li k e
.
,

a cl o v e an d li ghti n g upo n hi m ; an d lo a v oic e from h e a ve n

, ,

sayi n g T his i s m yb e lo v e d so n in wh o m I am w e ll pl e as e d
,
‘
,
’

T h e r e i s n othi ng sai d h e r e of thr e e c o e q ual an d c o e t e r nal - -

p e rso n s in t h e Go dh e a d W e a gr e e w ith t h e w or ds of a .

C al v i n i sti c comm e n tator o n thi s t ext that t h e S piri t of G o d

“
,

i s sai d to com e upo n m e n wh e n th e y are e mi n e n tly q uali

fle d to u n de rtak e a n y g r e at O ffic e —R osen miille r T he .

e pi th e t b e lo v e d g iv e n to t h e S o n o n thi s occasi o n mar k s

t h e Fath e r s g r e at n e ss of affe cti o n for h i m —Ma ckn ig/i t

, ,
’
.

T hi s i s my S o n w hom I h a v e s e n t o n purpos e to r e v e al my
w ill b y h im an d w hatso e ve r h e t e ach e s com e s from m e
a n d is p e rfe ctly my w ill or la w —Ha m mo n d
,

Wh e n Dr . .

Adam Clark e says “

T hi s passa g e affor ds n o m e a n proof of
,
”
t h e doctri n e of t h e T ri n ity we r e ply th e r e i s n o proof ,
-

h e r e of thr e e p e rso n s in t h e Go dh e ad All Christia n U n i .

t arians as w e ll as T ri n it ar i an s b e li e v e in Fath e r S o n an d
, , , ,

‘
2
Emi n e nt th e o l o gi ans as J e r o m e V at ablus C a l vi n o ur o wn D ut c h
, , , ,

divi ne s an d o th e r s wi ll have th e se t o b e t h e w o r ds o f I sai ah t o hi mse lf

— ,

W it siu s o n t h e C r e e d Di ss vii 1 5
,

, . . .
34 Bible Texts Q uo t ed an d Expla ined .

ti o n in i t of a tri —
p rso
e n al De ity T h e s e an d t h e li k e w or ds
.
“

say s Hammo n d are a form of g r e e ti n g wh i ch i n clude s in

,

i t all g oo d w ish e s b u t no t a sol e m n pray e r to th os e p e rso n s

,
”
n am e d in t h e form .

(5 ) I t must b e n ot e d as a v e ry r e mark ab l e thi ng th at t h e

o n ly passa g e in w hi ch Fath e r Wor d an d H oly S pirit are , ,

S po k e n of as O n e (1 J oh n v 7
) Is e xclu de d from t h e R e
.

v is e d N e w T e stam e nt as spuri ous ‘

()
6 A n oth e r t e xt q uot e d by Dr E a di e is “
For throu gh .
,

h im we b oth hav e acc e ss b y o ne spirit u n to t h e Fath e r

I t must pu z z l e t h e most i nge n i ous p e rso n to disco ve r ho w
t hi s pro v e s that th e r e are thr e e p e rso n s in t h e Go dh e a d .

W e w ill n o w q uot e w ithout comm e n t c e rtai n oth e r t e xts

, ,

wh i ch we ha v e k n o w n pro duc e d as S criptural e v i de n c e

o f t h e T ri n ity wh ich Sh o w ho w har d pr e ss e d t h e de
,

fe n de rs o f t h e doctri n e must h av e b e e n to hav e h ad

r e cours e to th e m — Ps xxxi i i 6 “
By t h e w or d of J e ho v ah
. .
,
“
w e re t h e h e a ve n s ma de an d all t h e h osts of th e m b y t h e
,

b r e ath of hi s mouth
”
N umb v i 2 4 J e ho v ah b l e ss th e e
.
“
. .
,

an d k e e p th e e : J e ho v ah ma k e hi s fac e to shi ne upo n th e e :

J e h o v ah lift up hi s cou n t e n an c e upo n th e e I sa v i 3

”
. . .
,

An d o n e cri e d u n to an oth e r an d sai d H oly holy holy i s , , ,

J e ho v ah of h osts ”
I sa xxxi v 1 6
.
“
S e e k ye out of t h e
. .
,

b oo k of J e ho v ah an d r e a d hi s m o uth i t hath
comman de d an d hi s spir it i t hath g ath e r e d th e m
,
”
.

1 Co r xii 4 6
. .
- “
T h e r e are di v e rsiti e s of g ifts b u t t h e
,

“
sam e spirit and th e r e are di ve rs i t ie s of a dmi ni strati o n
,

b u t t h e s am e L or d an d th e r e are di v e rsiti e s of op e rati o n s

“

b ut i t is t h e sam e G o d w h o w or k e th all in all

”
R ev i 4 5 . . .
-
,

Grac e b e u n to you an d p e ac e from H im who is and w h o ,

w as and w ho i s to com e an d from t h e s e ve n spirits that

, ,
”
are b e for e t h e thro n e an d from J e sus Christ , O n th e s e .

t e xts l e arn e d T ri n it aria n s h av e w i s e ly s ai d th at t h e t riple

 Ckrist lz a d no IVew T lieo ry of _
t lie G o dkea d .
35

u se h e r e an d th e r e of w or ds li k e J e ho v ah or t h e w or d “
,

Holy is a v e ry u n su b sta ntial proof of so importan t a

”

d octri n e Grotius r e mar k s

.
“
S ur e ly such r e p e titi o n s are ,

v oi d of myst e ry an d imply n oth i n g b u t t h e u nparall e l e d

e xc e ll e n c e of t h e thi n g spo k e n of or som e e xtraor di n ary ,

e moti o n s of t h e sp e ak e r C al v i n says
” 4
Plai n e r t e xts .
,

ou ght to b e a dduc e d l e st in pro v i n g t h e C hi e f articl e of ,

our faith we sh oul d b e com e t h e ri di cul e of h e r e ti cs ”

But .

wh e r e are thos e plai n e r t e xts ? W e are no t aw ar e of any t e xts ,

e xc e pt t h e a b o v e w hich have b e e n us e d as Bi b l e proofs of

,

t h e T ri n ity Ag ai n we c h all e n g e a n yo n e to fin d us o ne
.

passa g e in t h e w hol e compass of t h e Bi b l e w h e r e t h e

doctri n e of thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d i s stat e d or e v e n h i n t e d
at . I t i s o nly by i n fe r e n c e says o ne b y coll e cti on
“ ” “
,

“
says an oth e r b y t h e authority of t h e Church says a n oth e r
, , ,

th at we de ri v e t h e doctri ne of t h e T ri n ity .

T h e first t e ach e rs of Chri stia n ity we r e n e v e r char g e d b y

t h e J e w s (w h o u n q u e sti o n ab ly b e li e v e d in t h e strict u n ity of

G o d) w ith i n tro duci n g any n e w th e ory of t h e Go dh e a d 5

, .

M any fooli sh an d fals e char g e s w e r e ma de a g ai n st Chri st ;

b u t t li is w as n e v e r all e g e d a g ai n st hi m or any of h i s discipl e s .

Wh e n thi s doctri n e of thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d w as i n tro

d u c e d i n to t h e Church b y n e w c o n ve rts to Christia n ity i t , ,

(
caus e d i mm e ns e e xcit e m e n t for ma n y y e ars 6 R e fe rri n g to .

t his Mosh e im w rit e s u n de r t h e fourth c e n tury T h e su bj e ct of

“
, , ,

thi s fatal co n tro v e rsy wh ich k i n dl e d such de plorab l e di v isi o n s

,

thr o u ghout t h e Christi an w orl d w as t h e doctri n e of T hr e e ,

4' “
thr f ld r p t i ti i th ught t h v
The l i ttl o f an rgu
m t i it t r ly m r i t y w r —D
ee o e e on s o o a e so e a

en n as o sc a c e e an an s e S o u t li
'

r. .

5
M th i m w t h pr ud b t f t h J
“
o no e s as e o o as o e ew —C an 0 n F rr r
a a ,

E rly D y f C hri t i i ty
a a l i p 55
s o s an
”
, vo . . . .

6
I t h F urth C tury
n e y J tio l en sa s or n, vo . p . 60, we r e h e ld
thi rt C u i l g i t Ar i u fift f him an d se ve nt e e n fo r t h e
mi Ari —i ll f rty fi
een o nc s a a ns s een or ,

se - ans, n a o - ve
,
36 Tb e T rin ity no t [ ea rn ed f omr N a t u re .

P e rso ns in t h e Go dh e a d ; a doctri n e whi ch in t h e thr e e

pr e c e di n g c e n turi e s h ad happi ly e scap e d t h e v ai n curi osi ty
of huma n r e s e arch e s an d h ad b e e n l e ft u n de fi n e d an d ,
”
u nde t e rmi n e d by an y parti c ular se t of i de as
Woul d th e r e n o t ha ve b e e n som e similar commoti o n
amo n g t h e J e w ish p e opl e in t h e tim e of Chri st i f such a ,

v i e w of t h e Go dh e ad h ad b e e n offe r e d to th e ir n oti c e ,

an d if th e y h ad b e e n tol d that w ithout b e li e f in th i s

th e y w oul d p e ri sh e v e rlasti ngly

C ON C L U DI N G CH A PT E R .

"V h en we s ay God h th r v l d ythi g w mu t b r dy t

a e ea e an n , e s e ea o

pr v it o el w , o r e se e ysa thi g no S m m n m t thi k

. o e e n se e o n

th t th y bl ig G d b y b l i vi g pl i tr di t i b t t h m tt r
—A
a e o e o e e n a n con a c o n s, u e a e

i qu i t th rwi ”
rc lz bisk o
s e o e se .
p Tillo t so n .

Whil e th e r e i s n o m e n tio n in t h e sacr e d S criptur e s of

a T ri n i ty of p e rso n s in t h e Go dh e a d i t is e q ually c e rtai n ,

that in t h e fi e l d of n atur e n o hi n ts or su gg e sti o n s of i t

”
are to b e s e e n Wh e r e i s t h e p e opl e to b e fou n d
.
,

as k s R o b e rt Hall who l e ar n e d t h e doctri n e of t h e T ri n ity

“
,

from t h e w ork s of n atur e Pl I t i s tru e that b y t h e li g ht of

n atur e ma n y of our rac e ha v e b e e n le d to b e li e v e in t h e

e xi st e n c e a n d t h e pro v i de n c e of G o d ; b u t t h e myst e ry o f

t h e T ri n ity has in n o i n sta n c e b e e n sha do w e d forth in t h e

glory of t h e h e av e n s in t h e b e auty of t h e e arth or in any O f

, ,

t h e forms or com b i n ati o n s of matt e r Ma n y di v i n e s w h o .

-

hav e h ad an i n t e r e st in fi n di n g all t h e supp o rt th e y c an for

thi s v i e w of G o d de clar e li k e Dr Joh n O w e n th at N atur e
,
“
,
.
,

r e coils from t h e doctri n e ; or li k e Hac k span that From

2 “ ”
, , .

1
:

W o rks , vol . v. , pp .
5 34 5
- .

Divin e O rigi n of t he S c ri ptur e s, p . 1 32 .

 Tb e Do ct rine Co n t ra dict s ou r R ea so n .
7

the pri n cipl e s of n atur e t h e T ri n ity ca n n ot be ma de k n o wn

to
. us
It is o n ly a dmitt e d b y l e ar n e d T ri ni tari an s that
not

t h e re i s no m e n ti o n of a T riu n e De ity in t h e Bi b l e ,

a nd no su gg e sti o n of that doctri n e in t h e ph e n om e n a

of n atur e b u t in a dditi o n i t i s stat e d that this v i e w of
, , ,

t he Go dh e a d i s h ostil e to r e aso n Car di n al Wis e man .

a sk s Wh o w i ll pr e t e n d to say that h e c an b y an y str e tch

“
, ,

of hi s i ma g i n ati o n o r of h i s r e aso n se e i t possi b l e ho w , ,

” 4
thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d c an b e b u t o n e Go dh e a d ?
Dr He y a Cam b ri dge Di v i n ity Profe ssor als o co n firms
.
, ,

th i s stat e m e n t in t h e follo w i n g passag e “

Wh e n i t
i s propos e d to m e to affirm that in t h e u n ity of ,

t he G o dh e a d th e r e b e thr e e p e rso n s I ,

profe ss an d proclai m my co n fusi o n in t h e most u n e q ui v ocal

mann e r Dr S outh has pro n ou n c e d t h e r e sult w hi ch thi s
.

d octri n e i n v ol v e s s o v e ry stran g e an d u n accou n tab l e that

, ,

w e r e i t n o t a dor e d as a myst e ry i t w oul d b e e xplo de d as a

“
T hat thr e e Be i n g s sh oul d b e o n e
” 5
co n tra di cti o n
Bei n g says S o am e J e nyn s
,
“
i s a proposi ti o n whi ch ,

— ”
c e rtai n ly co n tradi cts r e aso n that i s o ur r e aso n 7 T h e ,

lan g uag e of Bishop Be v e ri dg e s e ts t h e matt e r in t h e cl e ar e st

li ght as an i n co n c e i vab l e myst e ry : T hat G o d t h e Fath e r
,
“

shoul d b e o n e p e rfe ct G o d of h i ms e lf G o d t h e S o n o n e ,

p e rfe ct G o d of h ims e lf an d G o d t h e Holy Ghost o n e ,

p e rfe ct G o d of hi ms e lf ; an d ye t that th e s e thr e e Shoul d

b e o n e p e rfe ct G o d of hims e lf so that o n e shoul d b e ,

3
N t &
o e s, c .
, tom . i .
, p .
5 34 .

4
L tur
ec es o n D o c tr i n e s o f t he C hur c h , p .
3 70 .

5
L tur i
ec es n Divi ni ty v o l , . ii .
, pp . 2 49, 2 5 1 ,
2 53 .

6
S rme o ns, v o l . iii .
, p 4 . 2 0 .

7
A v iew of t he I t r l
n e na Evi de n c e of C hr i st i an Re l igi o n, p . 1 40

th i tio n)
’

( six ed .
38 Cli rist ia nity a R a t io n a l R eligio n .

p e rfe ctly thr e e an d thr e e p e rfe ctly o ne ; that t h e Fath e r ,

S o n a n d Holy Gh ost sh oul d b e thr ee an d ye t b e o n e b u t

, ,

o n e an d ye t thr e e " 0 h e art ama z i n g th o u g ht de v ouri n g -

,
-
,

u n co n c e i v ab l e myst e ry I n v i e w of thi s doctri n e an d ,

i ts r e lati o n to t h e sch e m e of r e de mpti o n Bish o p Hur d ,

co n fe ss e s that at i t r e aso n sta n ds aghast an d faith h e rs e l f

“
,

is h alf co n fou n de d 19
N o w i f i t b e tru e that t h e Christian r e li g io n i s a simpl e
, ,

n atural an d rati o n al r e li g i o n an d i f i t b e i mpossi b l e s o t o

, ,

“ ”
de scri b e t h e doctri n e of thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d
t h e q u e stio n may w e ll aris e w h e th e r th is doctri n e forms
,
.

any part of t h e Chri stia n syst e m T h e strict a n d . .

ab solut e u n ity of G o d i s t h e doctri n e of t h e Bi b l e an d ,

accor ds w ith t h e w or k s of n atur e an d t h e i n t e lli g e n c e an d?

r e aso n of m an All t h e forms of pray e r w hi ch we fin d

.

in t h e Bi b l e are i n variab ly a ddr e ss e d to o n e G o d ,

o ne M i n d o n e P e rso n
, T h e r e are n o app e als in t h e
.

sacr e d v olum e to a holy b l e ss e d an d glori ous T ri n i ty

“
, , ,

“
thr e e p e rso n s in o n e G o d ; t h e i de a of G o d i s e v e ry
”

w h e r e strictly M o n oth e istic T h is truth of t h e UN I TY o f

.

G o d app e ars cl e ar a n d t h e proofs of i t are as ab u n dan t as

,

b lade s of g rass o n t h e la n dscap e or as l e av e s in t h e for e st , .

T h e la n gua g e of t h e Bi b l e ab out G o d e n dors e s t h e plai n lan

, ,

guage of n atur e r e aso n an d commo n s e n s e Why th e n do so

, ,
.
, ,

man y of our b r e thr e n fall b ac k o n i n co n c e i v ab l e myst e ri e s an d

palpab l e co n tra di cti o n s ? Why do e s t h e g r e at b o dy o f t h e
Chri sti an Church su ff e r i ts e lf to b e tramm e ll e d b y t h e j ar g o n
of a scholastic th e olo g y an d b y n oti o n s ab out our h e a v e n ly
,

Fath e r w hich hav e compl e t e ly o b scur e d t h e “

si mpli city o f
an d i n tro duc e d cr e e ds an d forms of w orshi p n o t
”
Chri st ,

3
Pr iv t a e T ho ught s o n R e l igi o n ,
art . iii
. pp .
5 3
2 - .

S rm o n s at Li nc o l n s -inn v o l xvii
9 ’
e , . ii , N o
. . .
 A IVew R efo rma t io n N eeded .
39
.

o nly u nk n o wn to t h e pag e s of t h e N e w T e stam e n t b u t ,

oppos e d to b oth i ts l e tt e r and spirit .

Whil e t h e s ourc e of t h e doctri n e of a tri p e rso n al -

G o d i s n o t to b e fou n d in t h e Bi b l e i t c an b e trac e d
,

to pag a n n oti o n s an d scholastic su b tl e ti e s wh i ch t h e

w rit e r of t h e follo w i ng pa ge s—t h e Pri z e E ssay has lai d —
,

op e n. W e are n o t w ithout hop e that t h e i n t e lli g e n c e

of t h e pr e s e n t age ai de d b y t h e w i de diffusi o n of t h e
,

S criptur e s w ill sp e e dily l e a d t h e g r e at b o dy of thi n k i n g

,

Chri stia n s to t h e r e d isco v e ry of (what S ir I saac N e w t o n

o n ce call e d) that lo n g lost truth of t h e Go sp e l t h e U n ity
“ -
,

of G o d T h e philosoph e r i s n o t alo n e in his w ish for

Church r e form . N e an de r t h e h istorian an d th e olo g ian
, ,

g i ve s utt e ranc e to a s imilar h op e in t h e w ords of Wick liffe . .

I loo k for w ard to t h e tim e wh e n som e b re thre n whom ,

G o d shall co n de sc e n d to t e ach w ill b e thorou g hly c o n

,

ve rt e d to t h e primiti v e r e li g io n of Christ and that such

,

p e rso n s aft e r th e y hav e g ai ne d th e ir li b e rty from An ti

,

C hri st w ill r e tur n fr e e ly to t h e ori g i n al doctri n e s of J e sus

,

an d th e n th e y w ill e dify t h e Church as did Paul

”
.
,
 As t ke y ea r 1 88 1 was t lie fif t een k u ndredt k
-
a n n ive rsa r
y of
I ke a u t ko rit a t ive p romulga t io n of t lie do ct rine f
o t b e T rin ity,

. a p riz e o f fif ty gu in eas w a s fiered f o r

o t b c best E ssay on tb c

O rigin of t li e Doct rine of t bc T rin ity in t lie Cli rist ia n

Ck u rck . S o me t k irty fa i ly w ell w rit t en E ssays were sent t o

r -

t bc edit o r of T HE CH R I S T I A N L I FE n ewsp ap er wko lia d ,

fi rid Hugk Hut t on

i

o t /ie p riz e . To . S t a nn us, E sq .

, f
o

L o n do n , t li e w rit er of tke follo wing E ssay, t ke p i e wa s

r z

a wa rded Tb e u n a n im o us n o p riz e co u ld
judges ly agreed t ka t
b e given f or E ssay received o n Tb c I nju rio us Eject f
‘
an o

- tbc Do ct rine of t k e Trin ity po n

u t /ie S imp licity, Po wer, a nd

S uccess o f Ck rist ia n ity .

R O BER T

22 Gascoy n e -roa d, Vict o r ia Pa rk L o n do n .

December , 1 882 .
42 Divisio ns of t ke S ubject .

3H istori c T h e olo g y asc e rtai n s n o t o n ly facts b u t als o

.
,

th e i r co n tri b utory caus e s ; an d thus e n ab l e s u s to trac e

De v e lop e m e n t By its h e lp we c an S h o w t h e approximat e
.

dat e s of t h e v ari ous accr e ti o n s from t h e tim e s of t h e ,

Apostl e s u n ti l th e y w e r e authoritati v e ly a dopte d an d a ,

fi n ish i n g touch put to t h e doctri n e of t h e T ri n ity at

t h e Cou n ci l of C o n sta n ti n opl e j ust fift e e n c e n turi e s a g o
, ,

A D
. .
38 1 .

4 . Th e w rit e r
trusts n o t to offe n d t h e s e ntim e nts of an y
fe llo w Christian fe e li n g b ou n d to e xt e n d to thos e who diffe r
-
,

t h e sam e co n s i de rati o n h e w oul d C laim for hims e l f He .

k n o w s w e ll that t h e wh ol e sup e rstructur e of t h e doctri n e in

q u e sti o n h ad i ts ori g i n in o n e of t h e hi g h e st an d h oli e st o f
hu ma n m oti v e s —t h e grat e ful de sir e to do ho n our to that
S av i o ur w h o has do n e so much for u S—an d h e thi n k s it s
h ol de rs S houl d b e t e n de rly de alt w ith e v e n thou gh th e y b y , ,

this doctri n e l e ss e n t h e Glory of G o d

, .

5 . su bj e ct w ill b e tr e at e d in t w o b roa d di v is io n s :
The
(a ) T h e b e li e f in T ri n i ti e s b y v ari ous Pa g a n p e opl e s
b e for e t h e ti m e of J e sus —e g t h e Eg yptia n s .
,

A ssyria n s H i n doos & c ; an d

, , .

(b) T h e i n tro ducti o n an d g radual de v e lop e m e n t of a

T ri n ity i n si de t h e Christian C hurch .

For sak e of br e v ity o n ly thos e op i nio n s w hich hav e h ad

the ,
"

a n importa n t i n flu e n c e in th is de v e lop e m e n t w ill b e m e n ti o n e d .

6 . pro duct of t h e s e c o n d or comb i n i ng

T ri n iti e s are t he ,

s ta g e of Myth olo g i e s T h e y are mor e su b tl e tha n t h e simpl e

.

de iti e s form e d b y t h e p e rso n i ficatio n of n atural ph e n om e n a

o r huma n passio n s T h e y may ha v e b e e n Pa rt ne rs/z ips o f
.
~

The E ssay was l im i t e d t o ab o ut 5 00 0 wo r ds .

 Paga n Trin it ies .
43

s e parat e i n di v i duals or u n i o n s of , diffe r e n t A t t ribut es in o ne

i n di v i dual "
.

I .
—PA G AN TR I N ITI E S .

g7 T h e Eg yptia n pri e sts i n dul ge d in much m e taphysical

.

sp e culati o n hol di n g that e v e rythi n g p e rfe ct must hav e thr e e

,

parts T hus th e y di v i de d t h e b e i n g of m an i n to thr e e

.

()a T h e a n imal

(b) T h e i n t e ll e ctual an d ,

( ) T h e Spiritual ;
c

an d e ach of th e s e ag ai n i n to thr e e mo de s of acti o n ; a n d

e ach mo de of acti o n i n to thr e e r e lati o n s T h e y di v i de d .

th e i r G o d Horus i nto thr e e parts or p e rso n s

(a ) H orus t h e K i n g ,

()b H orus R a an d -
,

(c) Ho rns t h e S carab ae us ;

A n d oth e r of th e ir Go ds in si milar manne r .

f rm rly l im d b y i uph l d r th t t h d tri f t h

I t w as o e c a e ts o e s a e oc ne o e

T i ity wa t h p ul i rly Ch i t i d tri ; b ut th i t t m t i w

rn s e ec a r s an oc ne s s a e en s no

a dmi tt d t b e u d it d f d r
o e er
rone o tr i d t d s, an s e en e s are c o n s a ne o c o nc e e

th e xi t e f Tr i i t i
s enc e m i d t h up r t i ti
o f p C hri t i
n es a e s e s o ns o re - s an

P g i m S m xpl i t h f t b y u gg t i g th t t h i d h d
a an s . o e e a n e ac s es n a e e as a

b e en imp rt d t t h d
“
ad t efN h d t h P tr i r h
o de e sc e n an s o oa an e a a c s, an

h v r h d t h Egypt i th u gh th t h l d h v b
a e e ac e e an s ro a c ann e an a e e en

pr rv d d mb di d i th ir r ligi u y t m I t i ll d
e se e an e o e n e e o s s s e . s ca e an
“
i mp rt t rt
o an d th mp l t il
se c e f t h O ld T t m t an e co e e s en ce o e es a en

on thi d tri i i d t h v r ult d fr m wi ut i

s oc ne s sa (1) (S i o a e es e o se c a on r

J G W i lki
. . M r d C u t m f h A i t Egypt i
n so n,
“
ann e s an s o s o t e nc en an s ,
”

S econ d S ri l i pp e 86 C
e s, Tr v r i h i i t r t i g
vo . .
, . 1 an o n e o , n s n e es n

l i ttl w rke A i t Egypt pub l i h d b y t h R l igi u Tr t

o on
“
nc en , s e e e o s ac

S i ty loc e p k f th, a so tri d S d r g r d th m

ea s r li fo e se
“
a s,
”
an e a s e as e cs o

th efi t h p d xp t t i
rs o f f ll
e m an i th pr mi d d
e ec a on o a en an , . e. e o se se e

(p wi ut i f Bib l i l x g i b p
“
. I f th t m e se ca on sv s e o ca e e es s e er

m it t d th r e ,f w up r t i t i
e e wh i h uld t b f i t d i t
are e s e s o ns c co no e o s e n o

C h i t i i ty T wh t h i ft
rs an .th d f d r o f thi v r bla s s are e e en e s o s en e a e cor

ru pt i r du d [ S l t h N t t
on e ce e e a so e o e o 2
42 Divisio ns of t b e S u bject .

3H i stori c T h e olo g y asc e rtai n s n o t o n ly facts bu t als o

.
,

th e i r co n tri b utory caus e s ; an d thus e n ab l e s us to trac e

De v e lop e m e n t By i ts h e lp we c an Sho w t h e approxi mat e
.

dat e s of t h e v ari ous accr e ti o n s from t h e tim e s of t h e ,

Apostl e s u n til th e y w e r e authoritati ve ly a dopte d an d a ,

fi n ish i n g touch put to t h e doctri n e o f t h e T ri n ity at .

t h e C ou n cil of C o n sta n ti n opl e j ust fift e e n c e n turi e s a g o

, ,

A D
. .
38 1 .

4 . T he w rit e r
trusts n o t to offe n d t h e s e n ti m e n ts of any
fe ll o w Christia n fe e li n g b ou n d to e xt e n d to thos e wh o diffe r
-
,

t h e sam e co n si de rati o n h e w oul d claim for h ims e lf He .

k n o w s we ll that t h e whol e sup e rstructure of t h e doctri n e in

q u e sti o n h ad i ts ori g i n in o n e of t h e hi g h e st an d h oli e st o f
huma n m oti ve s —t h e g rat e ful de sir e to do ho n our to that
S a v i our w ho has do n e so much for u S—a n d h e thi nk s it s
hol de rs shoul d b e t e n de rly de alt w ith e v e n thou gh th e y b y , ,

thi s doctri n e l e ss e n t h e Glory of G o d

, .

5 . su bj e ct w ill b e tr e at e d in t w o b road di v i si o n s
The

()
a T h e b e li e f in T ri n iti e s b y v ari ous Pa g a n p e opl es

b e for e t h e tim e of J e sus —c g t h e Eg yptia n s .

,

A ssyri an s H i n doos 8 C ; an d
, ,
1

()
b T h e i n tro d uctio n a n d g ra dual de v e lop e m e n t of a

T ri n i ty i n si de t h e Christia n C hurch .

For t h e sak e of b r e v ity o n ly thos e O p i ni o n s which hav e h ad

,
"

a n importa n t i n flu e n c e in th is de v e lop e m e n t w ill b e m e n ti o n e d .

6 . pro duct of t h e s e co n d or comb i n i ng

T ri n iti e s are the ,

s ta g e of Myth olo g i e s T h e y are mor e su b tl e tha n t h e simpl e

.

de iti e s form e d b y t h e p e rso n ificati o n of n atural ph e n om e n a

o r huma n passio n s T h e y may ha v e b e e n Pa rt ne rs/z ips o f
.
~

Th e E ssay was l im i t e d t o b o ut
a 5 00 0 w o r ds.
 Paga n Trinit ies .
43

s e parat e i n div i duals or u n i o n s of , diffe r e n t A t t ribu t es in o ne

i n di v i dual .

I .
—PAG A N TR I N ITI E S .

Egypt .

Eg yptian pri e sts i n dul g e d in much m e taphysical

7 T he
.

sp e culati o n h ol di ng that e v e rythi n g p e rfe ct must have thr e e

,

parts T hus th e y di v i de d t h e b e i ng of m n i n to thr e e

. a

(a ) an imal T he ,

(b)
T h e i n t e ll e ctual an d ,

(c)
T h e spiritual ;
an d e ach of th e s e a g ai n i n to thr e e mo de s of actio n ; a n d

ea ch mo de of acti o n i n to thr e e r e lati o n s T h e y di v i de d .

th e ir G o d H orus i n to thr e e parts or p e rso n s

K ng
()
a H orus t h e i ,

()b H orus R a a nd -
,

(c) Horus t h e S carab ae us

A n d oth e r of th e ir Go ds in si milar man n e r .

I t w as fo rm e rly c l aime d by it s uph o l de r s th a t t h e do c tri ne o f t h e

T ri nity was t h e p e c ul i arly C hr i st i an do c tri ne ; b ut th i s st at e me n t is n o w
a dm i tt e d t o b e e rr o n e o u s an d it s de fe n de rs are c o n s tr ain e d t o c o n c e de
’

t h e e xi s t e n c e o f Tri n i t i e s am i d t h e s up e rs t i t i o n s o f pre -C hris t i an

P agan i sm S o me e xpl ai n t h e fa c t by su gge st in g th at t h e i de as h ad
.

b e e n “ i mp art e d t o t h e de sc e n dan t s o f N o ah an d t h e P a tr i ar c h s an d ,

h ave r e ac h e d t h e Egyp t i ans thr o u gh th a t c hann e l and h ave be e n ,

pre se rve d and e mbo di e d in th e ir r e ligi o us syst em I t is c alle d an .

”

“
i mp o rt an t se c re t an d t h e c o mp le t e s ile n ce o f t h e O ld Te s t am e n t

o n this do c tri n e is sai d t o h ave r e s ult e d fr o m wi se c aut i o n (l ) (S ir ”

J . G . W i l ki n so n
“
M ann ers an d C u s t o ms o f t h e An c i e n t Egypt i ans
, ,
”

S e c o n d S e r i e s v o l i pp 1 8 6
, . C an o n Tr e vo r in h is i nt e re st i n g
.
, . ,

l i ttl e wo rk o n “ An c i e n t Egypt publ i she d b y t h e R e l i gi o u s Tr ac t

,

S o c i e ty al so sp e ak s o f th e se tri ads an d r e gards th em as r e l i c s o f ”

, ,

t h e firs t h o p e an d e xp e c t a t i o n o f fa ll e n m an i e t h e pr o m i se d se e d
-

. .
,

( p . I f t h e
“
wi se c aut i o n sv st e m o f Bib lic al e xe ge si s b e p e r
m it t e d th e r e are fe w sup e r st i t i o n s wh i c h c o uld n o t b e fo i s t e d i nt o
,

C hri st i anity T o wh at sh i ft s are t h e de fe n de rs o f th i s ve n e r ab l e c o r

.

rupt i o n r e du c e d
[ S e e al so t h e N o t e t o 2
44 Paga n T rinit ies .

8 . also com b i n e d v ari ous attri b ut e s to mak e

They
T ri n iti e s T hus t h e S ph i n x i s compos e d of
.

(a ) Man typifyi n g I n t e lli g e n c e

, ,

(b) O x typifyi ng Fruitful n e ss an d

, ,

) n typifyi n g str e n g th
(c L io , .

T h e w e ll k n o w n arch itra ve or n am e n t also co n sists of

-

(a ) T h e Glo b e typifyi n g t h e Cr e ati ve po w e r

, ,

(b) T h e Wi n g s typifyi n g t h e Pr e s e rv i n g po we r an d
, ,

c) T h e S e rp e n t typifyi n g t h e De stroyi n g po w e r
( , .

T h e ir Go ds w e r e s imilarly tr e at e d e ach city hav i n g its o wn ,

T ri n ity ma de up of its fa v ourit e Go ds T hus .

At T h e b e s Amu n R a -
,

M aut an d ,

Ch o n so .

At Ab oo S im b e l : Ph t h ah
-
,

Amu n R a an d -
,

At hor -
.

At Ph il ae O s ir i s ,

I sis an d ,

H orus .

S ir J G Wil k i n so n p 1 8 5 says
. .
, I n th e s e tri a ds t h e
.
,

thir d m e mb e r proc e e de d from t h e oth e r t w o that i s from ,

t h e first a n d s e co n d T h e thir d m e m b e r o f a tri a d ,

as mi ght b e suppos e d w as n o t of e q ual ran k w ith t h e,

“
t w o from w h om it proc e e de d ”
I t mi ght b e su gge st e d .

that th e s e w e r e Pa rt n ers/ ups ; b u t h e r e we hav e a tri a d “

de scri b e d in t h e sam e w or k v ol i pp 2 3 1 et seq co n si sti n g

, . . . .
,

of

(a ) Bait ,

()
b A t h or -
,
an d

()
c Ak ori
an d i t i s a ddr e ss e d Hail tri morphous
, X AI PE

T PI MO P<I>E O EO E (sic in ori g prob e Eo z ) .

, . .
 Paga n T rin it ies .
45

§ 9 O th e r i n sta n c e s mi ght b e g i v e n b u t t h e a b o v e w ill

.
,

b e su ffici e n t a n d th e i r i mportan c e in t h e de v e lop e m e n t w ill

b e s e e n w h e n t h e Al e xa n dri n e [ Eg yptia n ] philosophy of t h e
c e n turi e s pr e c e di n g Christ i s m e n ti o n e d .

1 0 . arli e r H i n du myth olo g y that of t h e V e das

I n the e , ,

ab out 1 0 0 0 B C t h e chi e f Go ds w e r e
. .
,

(a ) Ag n i i e Fi r e pr e si di n g o v e r t h e E arth
,
. .
, ,

I e t h e F irm am e n t pr e s i di n g o v e r t h e M
()
b n dra i ,
. . id ,

air an d
,

(c) S urya i e t h e S u n pr e si di n g o v e r t h e H e av e n s ;
,
. .
,

an d th e s e thr e e are ass e rt e d o v e r an d o v e r a g ai n to b e forms

o f o n e G o d (1 ). T his i s N atur e w orship g ro w i n g out of -

,

th e ir a gri cultural pursuits T h e r e w e r e th e n n o profe ss i o n al

.

pri e sts : e ach m an p e rform e d t h e r e li g i ous c e r e mo n i e s for

his o wn h ous e hol d .

1 1 Gra dually in t h e cours e O f c e n turi e s a s e ct of

.
, ,

pri e sts gr e w up an d sup e rstiti o n b e cam e rampa n t ; u n til at

,

l e ng th in t h e lat e r or Puran i c tim e s th e y clai m e d t o b e t h e

o n ly m e di ators b e t we e n t h e p e o pl e an d t h e Go ds T h e .

w or d for Pray e r i s b rahm an d a Praye r be ar e r [ or pri e st ] ,

”
-

“
T h e simpl e s e r v i c e of pray e r an d prai s e
”
i s a b rahman .

b e cam e i n v e st e d w ith a sacri fici al or propitiatory charact e r

a n d t h e pri e sts ar g u e d that if pray e r coul d mo v e t h e G o ds i t

must b e g r e at e r tha n th e y an d g ra dually t h e i de a of Pray e r ,

b e cam e p e rso n i fi e d till Brahma b e cam e t h e ch i e f G o d in

,

t h e H i n du Pa n th e o n T he “
T rimurti or T ri n ity w as
.
,

th e n
(a ) Brahma as t h e Cr e ati v e po w e r
, ,

V n u as t h e Pr e s e r v i n g po w e r an d
()
b ish , ,

()
c S i v a as, t h e T ra n sformi n g po w e r .
46 Paga n T ri n it ies .

Althou g h first th e s e w e r e o n ly po wers ye t rou n d e ach

at ,

s oo n g ath e r e d accr e ti o n s of p e rso n al r e lati o n s an d g e ne alo gie s

as happ e n s in all a n thropomorphi c th e olo g i e s
"
.

1 2 ist e n c e of th e s e T ri n iti e s did n o t pr e v e n t t h e

. The ex

i nv e n ti o n of cou ntl e ss oth e r de i ti e s ; T in fact wh e n o n c e ,

t h e g r e at s impl e stat e m e n t J e ho v ah is o n e J e h o vah I i s

“ ”

p ass e d th e r e i s , n o limit to t h e multiplicati o n of l e ss er

o bj e cts ; as may b e s e e n in t h e w orsh ip pai d to Sai n ts an d

I mage s in I ndi a .

1 3 . T he Bu ddhists th e y t e ach are n o t T ri n it aria n s , b u t

t h e p ossessio n b y Bu ddh a of t h e b o di e s of m e n w h i ch w i th ,

oth e r mysti cal doctri n e s w as b rou g ht from I n di a aft e r t h e

e xp e diti o n of Al e xan de r R C 3 2 5 ; an d thus th e y co n tri b ut e d , .

to war ds t h e De v e lop e m e nt .

A ssy ria .

1 4 palac e e r e ct e d at K h o rsabad b y S arg o n

. In the ,

R C 72 0 w e r e t h e w e ll k n o w n Bulls
.
,
T h e s e are T ri n iti e s :
-
.

(a ) T h e Human h e a d typifyi ng Wis dom , ,

(b) T h e Bull s b o dy typifyi n g Po we r and

’
, ,

()
c T h e E a g l e s w i n g s r e pr e s e n ti n g O m n i pr e s e n c e
’
,
.

T his i s a T ri n ity of Attri b ut e s S imilar to t h e Eg yptia n o n e s

in 8 T h e r e w e r e also com b i n ati o n s of Fours in th e ir
.

sacr e d sym b olism ; an d t h e proph e t E z e k i e l in hi s first

it t . e . th l eo o gie s wh i c h de sc ibe r th e ir go ds as h vi ng t h e
a sha
p es of
”26 7i .

Thus “ V arun a is t h e hi f f c e o a gr o up o f de i t i e s whic h are o nly a

s p lit t in
g p
-u an d in so m rt t h r
e so e e fle c t i o n o f h is o wn b e i n g (Barth ,

T he R e l i gi ons o f I n di a ”
, T riib n e r, 1 88 2, p .

i De ut . v i. 4, qu o t e d b y J e su s , M rk xii
a . 29 .

C ll a ed S h lm
a an e se ri n 2 K i ngs xviii .
4 8 Tb e Wisdo m of S o lo mo n .
”

an d w ith
hi s po e tic i ma g i n ati o n h e som e ti m e s s e parat e d an d
p e rs o n ifi e d th e s e m e taphysi cal a b stractio n s T hi s doctri n e of .

R e aso n or Wor d or Wis dom call e d b y i ts Gr e e k n am e

, , ,

L o g os h ad as w ill b e s e e n an importa n t e ffe ct in t h e

”
, , ,

corrupti o n s o f Christia n ity " .

1 7 Aft e r h i s de ath h is di scipl e s p e rso n i fi e d th e s e thr e e

.

ori g i n al pri n cipl e s as thr e e g o ds u n it e d w ith e ach o th e r b y

a myst e ri ous an d i n e ffab l e g e n e rati o n .

III .
—J EW I S H AN D AL E XA N D R I A N W R I T E RS .

Tb e lVisdo m f
o S o lo mo n .

1 8 . Aft e r t h e
co n q u e sts b y Al e xan de r t h e Gr e at t h e ,

syst e m of Plato w as pla n t e d at Al e xa n dria W e also l e ar n .

from J os e phus that a n um b e r of J e w s w e r e s e ttl e d th e r e b y t h e

Ptol e mi e s am o n g whom we r e som e wh o de v ot e d th e ms e l v e s
,

to r e li g io n an d philosophy T h e s e latt e r b e cam e ac q uai n t e d .

w ith Plato n ism ; an d t h e Apocryphal Wis dom o f S o lomo n

“ ”

w ritt e n in Gr e e k ab out B C 1 5 0 b e ars trac e s of this . .

,
.

T hus
ix 1 “
G o d ma de all thi n g s b y H is Wor d an d or dai n e d
.
,

m an b y Wis dom an d

xv i i i 1 5 Wor d l e ap e d do wn from h e av e n as a fi e rc e
“
.
,

m an of w ar to pu n ish t h e Eg yptia n s
”
.

H e r e is a T ri n ity of G o d Wor d an d Wis dom Pr o b abl y , ,

.

G ibb t h h i t ri y
o n, Th divi e t i wh i h t h
s o an , sa s e ne san c on c e

A p tl h d b t w d t h fu d m t l p r i i pl f t h th l gy
os e a es o e on e n a en a nc e o e eo o

f Pl t
o ur g d t h l
a o , e nc o d pr lyt f t h a ed d th i rd e e arn e o se es o e se c o n an

turi t dmi r d tu dy t h w i t i g f t h A th i
cen es o a g wh
e an s e r n s o e e n a n sa e, o

h d thu m rv ll u ly
a ti ip t d
s f t h m t urpr i i g di
a e o s an c a e o ne o e os s s n sc o

Ch i ti r v l ti (D li d F ll hp
,

i f th
v er e s o e rs an e e a on ec ne an a , c a .

W h th r thi tu dy w
e e f b fit t C hr i t i i ty wi ll b h w i t h
s s as o ene o s an e S o n n e:

f ll wi g p g
o o nDi v ri w a t thes ight w r d t
. b t
sc o e es as n o e r o o u se u .

p rh p G ibb w ly v rtly
e a s i g t t h wh l
on as o n co e sn e e r n a e o e.
 Pk ilo .
49

t he w ord and w is dom h ad b e e n o nly us e d by t h e

“ “

e arli e st J e w ish writ e rs as sy n o yms in or de r to a v oi d us n g

n , i

t h e sam e e xpr e ssio n t w i c e we hav e ma n y i n sta n c e s of this in

:

t h e O ld T e stam e n t ; b u t th e y w e r e tak e n lit e rally as r e fe rri n g

to t k a ge n ci e s T h e y w e r e n o t ye t p o n ifi d amo n g t h e
ree . e rs e

J e ws b t o n ly us e d po t ic lly as ho wn in t h e s e co n d i n sta n c e
,
u e a ,
S

ab o v e n e v e rth e l e ss this w as a furth e r st e p to war ds t h e s b se u

q u e nt i n tro ducti o n of t h e T ri n itari an hypoth e sis i n to Christi a n

t e achi n g .

§ 1 9 . Ph ilo w as
of t h e J e ws of Al e xan dri a li v i n g ?
o ne ,

B C 2 5 ; he
. . w as
familiar w ith Plato n ism an d w ith t h e ,

H i n doo i de as b rou ght b ac k b y t h e Gr e e k s aft e r Al e xan

de r s campai g n s
’
'

§ 2 o T h e S e ptuag i n t tra n slati o n of t h e O ld T e stam e n t

.
,

from H e b r e w t o Gr e e k for t h e u se of t h e Al e xa n dri n e

,

J e w s hav i n g r e n de r e d t h e H e b r e w
,
“
Dab ar (w or d) b y
t h e sam e t e rm w hi ch Plato h a d all e g o ris e d L o g os
Philo appli e d t h e Plato n i c m e a n i n g of that w or d [n o w
crystallis e d i n to a s e parat e p e rso n ality b y t h e Plato n ists ] <

to thi s v e rsi o n of t h e O ld T e stam e n t an d to t h e Wi s dom

“

of S olomo n ; an d e xplai n e d th e m b y sayi n g that t h e

”

S e lf e xist e n t or S upr e m e G o d w as too i n e ffa b l e to h a v e

-

a n ythi ng to do w ith Matt e r ; an d that th e r e for e i t w as His

Wor d or L o g os [th e n first call e d a s e parat e b e i n g] wh ich ,

cr e at e d t h e w orl d an d that m an w as form e d in t h e i ma g e

,

of t h e L o g os .

§ 21 H i s wr iti ng s are o b scur e an d n o t al w ays c o n

.
,

si st e n t: som e tim e s h e m e n ti o n s t wo Go ds an d s om e tim e s ,

t /i ree ; thus T h e r e i s a Supr e m e G o d an d a S e co n d G o d ,

“
wh o i s H is L og os an d th e r e are thr e e or de rs o f
” “
, ,
5 0 Tb e G nost ics .

wh ich t he b e st is t he Being—
t /z a t is, -
an d He has t w o
a n ci e n t Po we rs n e ar H im o n e call e d G o d an d o n e ,
‘ ’

call e d L or d an d t h e mi ddl e Di v i n ity s om e tim e s pre

‘
,
’

s e n ts to t h e mi n d o n e ima g e an d som e tim e s thr e e T hi s

i s som e what mysti cal an d it sho w s ho w t h e doctri n e s of ,

Plato n ism we r e us e d in e xplai n i n g an d illust rat ingJ e wish i de as ,

a n d h ad thus o b tai n e d a footi n g in O ld T e stam e n t e xe g e sis .

I V —T HE E VA N G E LI S T S
. .

§ We2 2 . hav e thus s e e n ho w b e for e ,

t he Christian e ra,

t ri n itari a n doctri n e s h ad ex ist e d , an d h ad b e gu n to i nfe ct

Ju dai sm .

g2 3 T h e t e achi n g of J e sus an d t h e Apostl e s

. w as stri ctly
n sho w n
a n d compl e t e ly U n itaria n
[ as has b e e ] an d oth e r

v i w s e o ly m e ti o e d to b e di sappro ve d
e ar n n n
"
.

V .
—T HE G NOS TIC S .

g2 4 T h e G nostic philosophy must n o w b e n oti c e d : th e r e

.

w e r e s e ve ral s e cts i n clu de d in th is b road t e rm ; bu t th e ir

pri n cipal v i e w s w e r e a mi xtur e of Egypti an sup e rstiti o n ,

Plato n i c philosophy Ju dai sm H i n doo mysti ci sm an d t h e , , ,

A than asi us
thr tu i ft rw rd dmi tt d th i
,
d d
e e c en r es a e a s, a e s an en ea

v o ured t u t f it t h p i i pl th t t h J w w r firmly
o ac c o n or on e r nc e a e e s e e so

p r u d d th t t h M i h w t b th i g m r th m l ik
e s a e a e e ss a as o e no n o e an a an e

th m lv th t t h A p tl w r bl ig d t
e se e s, a gr t ut i i
e os es e e o e o u se ea ca on n

divul gi g t h d tri
n f t h pr p r divi i ty f C h i t (D S
e oc ne o e o e n o rs e en

t ut i Di y ii d 6 3 pp 5 5 3
e a on s J u him lf wh v r
, e . 1 0 . es s se , o ne e

h i t t d t pp t h rr r f hi u trym w uld ur ly h v
es a e o o o se e e o s o s co n e n, o s e a e

an n ou d it if it h d b
nce ; d th r lt f t h i i u t i i th t
a e e n so an e e su o e ns n a on s a

A th i u h rg t h A p tl by im pli t i wi th
an as s c a es pp i i
e os es ca on, a su ress o v e r

O th r e ll d rth d x th l gi h v m d im i l r dmi i
so -c a e o o o eo o an s a e a e s a a ss o n s

ab ut t h U i t ri i m f t h
o e rly C hur h ; d h v d v ur d t
n a an s o e ea c an a e en ea o e o

a cco u t f it wi th m r u
n or , no o e s c c e ss .
 ”
Ck rist seemed t o die .
51

t h e ory of O pposi ng g oo d an d e v il pri n cipl e s de ri v e d from

t h e P e rsia n s (1 1 ) T h e y loo k e d upon Matt e r as i n tri n si cally
.

e v il ; an d h e l d that G o d ha v i n g cr e at e d s e v e n I Eo n s or
,

b e i n g s o n e of th e m w as H i s i n strum e n t in cr e ati n g t h e
,

Worl d accor di n g to Hi s w ill .

52 .D T he
oc e t ae
[ or S e e m e rs so —
call e d from th e ir
d octri n e ] o n e of t h e G n osti c s e cts h e l d that o n e of t h e
, ,

“ ”
o n s call e d
, Christ put o n t h e shap e of a m an b u t that
, ,

h e w as n o t cla d in r e al huma n fl e sh an d b lo o d an d c o n se ,

u e n tly h e suffe r e d in app e ara n c e o n ly T his first corrupti o n

q .

o f Christia n ity too k plac e in t h e tim e of t h e Apostl e s ; an d

,

w as e xpr e ssly co n de m n e d b y J oh n "

by w hom str e ss i s lai d ,

o n t h e fact that Christ cam e in t /z e fiesk .

g2 6 T h e G n osti c doctri n e s u n fortu n at e ly g ai n e d root in

.

t h e Christi a n Church of t h e s e co n d c e n tury partly fr o m t h e ,

pro n e n e ss of t h e Gr e e k co n v e rts to w ar ds su b tl e sp e culati o n s

or gn osi s (1 Co r v i i i 2 ) an d partly b e caus e th e s e
”
. .

o pi n i o n s g a v e mor e suppos e d di g n ity to J e sus an d thus ,

h e lp e d to o b v iat e th e ir o bj e cti o n to r e c e i v e as Mast e r o n e

w h o h a d b e e n e xe cut e d as a mal e factor T h e Apostl e Paul .

w rot e of t h e Crucifixio n as a gr e at ob stacl e to t h e r e c e pti o n

o f t h e Gosp e l e v e n in hi s tim e ; ye t h e did n o t s e e k to hi de

it b ut w rot e to t h e Cori n th ia n s [ Gr e e k s of a n i mportan t

,

a n d polish e d C ity ] that h e w as de t e rmi n e d no t t o kn ow

“

an yth i n g amo ng th e m
”
sav e J e sus Christ an d him ,
’
crucifi e d r .

J o hn 1 1 4 : A nd t h e wo rd be c am e fle sh an d dwe lt amo n g u s
. .

I J o hn iv 2 an d 3 :
. Eve ry sp i r i t wh i c h c o n fe sse th th at J e su s C h ri s t
is c o m e in t h e fle sh is o f G o d ; an d e ve ry sp iri t wh i c h c o n fe sse th n o t
J e su s is no t o f G o d an d thi s is t h e spi ri t o f t h e an ti c hri st whe re o f ,

ye h ave h e ar d th at it c o m e th an d n o w it is in t h e w o rl d alr e ady

—
”
.

R ev ise d Ve rs io n .

1 I Co r ii . . 2 .
52 fl su s ca lled by Tit les .

2 7 Aft e r
. hi s ti m e h o w e v e r to m e e t t h e o bj e cti o n som e
, , ,

Christian t e ach e rs b e g an g ra dually to e xalt t h e p e rso n ality

of J e sus ; an d i n st e a d of b e i n g o n ly a ma n of li k e n atur e
w ith ours e l ve s h e w as b e li e ve d to hav e b e e n poss e ss e d b y
,

t h e L o g os n o t to t h e e xclusi o n of b u t in a dditio n to h is
, ,

huma n ity As t h e lo g os w ith th e s e Chri sti an s o n ly m e a n t

.
“ ”

t h e i n flu e n c e or g rac e of G o d an d w as n o t ye t de i fi e d th e y
, ,

e scap e d t h e co n tra di cti o n w h i ch t h e pr e s e n t doctri n e of t h e

Do uble— n a t u re of t w o i n co n sist e n t e l e m e n ts ] pr e s e n ts .

T his “
poss e ssi o n b y t h e L o g os h e lp e d th e m in de ali ng
”
,

w ith Gr e e k s to Sho w t h e sup e ri or anti q uity of Christi an ity

to H e ll e n i c ph ilosophy—as t h e L o g os h ad e xi st e d b e for e
,

t h e Worl d an d t h e L o g os accor di n g to th e s e G n ostics was

, , ,

Chri st .

5 2 8 S om e writ e rs are of opi n i o n that t h e doctri ne Of t h e

.

M iraculous C o n c e pti o n gr e w up ab out this ti m e fo r t h e purpos e ,

of m e e ti n g t h e o bj e ct i o n m e n ti o ne d b y Paul Aft e r t h e e arly .

chapt e rs in Matth e w an d L u k e th e r e is n o allus i o n to i t in

t h e N e w T e stam e n t e v e n w h e n if tru e I t mi g ht hav e b e e n
, , ,

us e ful for ar gum e n t ; an d it co n tra dicts t h e g e n e alo g i e s

traci n g J e sus de sc e n t thr o u g h Jos e ph as h is fath e r wh ich
'
’
,

we r e prob ab ly de ri v e d from docum e nts whil e t h e doctri n e ,

coul d o nly b e fr o m h e arsay .

2 9 T h e r e are als o
. trac e s of t h e i n cr e asi ng t e n de n cy t o
call v
t h e S a i our mor e e xclusi v e ly b y t it les e g
“
t he So n ,
. .
”

“
t h e C hrist i n st e a d of b y hi s o wn prop e r n am e —J
”
,

wh i ch rais e d th e ir co n c e pti o n of h im from simpl e human ,

a n d p e rso n al r e lati o n s w ith b r e thr e n to som e hi g h e r pla n e o f ,

b e i ng . T his v a g u e a n d i n discrimi n at e u se o f la n g ua g e ,

arisi n g at first from g e n ui n e lo v e an d v e n e ratio n of J e sus a

fals e S ham e a n d th e ir l e a n i n g to O ri e n tal mysti cis m

w e r e t h e mai n caus e s of t h e i nn o v ati o n s at thi s ti m e aft e r

 ”
Tke l ogos .
53

war ds , as w ill b e sh o w n sac e r dotali sm b e cam e a pot e n t

,

in flu e n c e in t h e furth e r a dditi o n of doctri n e s .

VI .
— I N T RO D UCT I ON O F T HE L O G OS I N T O C H R I S T I A N I T Y .

j Ma rty r ust in .

3 0 Just i n Martyr A D 1 5 0 t h e n e xt li n k in t h e chai n

.
, . .
,

o f de v e lop e m e n t i s a n i n sta n c e o f t h e pro n e n e ss of co n v e rts

,

to b l e n d th e ir pr e v i ous r e li g i o n w ith t h e o n e th e y tak e up .

He w as a Gr e e k b y b irth an d a Plato n ist i e a T ri n itaria n

, ,
. .
,

h e ath e n b e for e h e e m b rac e d t h e Christian ity that h e h e lp e d

,

to de fe n d an d spr e ad an d also u n happily from h is fo n dn e ss

, , ,

for mysticism an d far fe tch e d typi cal i llustrati o n s to corrupt

-
, .

He wro t e m uc h ab out t h e L o g os , w ith

’

31 . ma n y diffe r e n t
m e an i n g s b u t pri n cipally as t h e Supr e m e R e aso n an attri b ut e
o f G o d w h ich h a d b e e n aft e r w ar ds g i v e n —
, ,

,
off as an e ma n ati o n ,

a n d ma de i n to a s e parat e p e rso n or i n fe ri or G o d ; an d h e w as

pro b ab ly amo n g t h e first in t h e Christia n C hurch wh o sou ght

to i de n tify i t with t h e Cr e ati v e J e h o v ah an d w ith t h e G o d
wh o app e ar e d to Ab rah am Jacob M os e s an d e ls e wh e r e in , , , ,

t h e O ld T e stam e n t (1 1 1 ) .

3 2 . He s ays thi s L o g os
fl e sh in Chri st an d that b e cam e
as an Attri b ut e of G o d it was e t e r n al i e w ith o ut b e g i n n i ng
, ,
. .
,

wh il e t h e S o n w as n o t He cl e arly h e l d t h e i n fe ri ority of
.

J e sus in h is n atur e : h e sp e ak s of hi s di sti n ct n e ss from G o d ,

t h e n e xt in ra n k an d
“ ” “ ”
a n d calls hi m n e xt aft e r G o d
(I v ) ,

a n d h e r e pr e s e n ts t h e Christia n s of h is tim e as offe ri n g

(v )
“ ”
ray r t o G o d t li ro ugk J e sus C hrist
p e .

§ 3 3 He do e s n o t de fi n it e ly m e n ti o n t h e H oly S pirit
.

e xc e pt as an i n flu e n c e or mo de of w ork i n g ; a n d in fact h e ,

[ as w e ll as oth e rs of t h e e arly Fath e rs co n fou n ds t h e

“
 ”
54 Tb e wo rd T rinity .

L o g os w ith t h e Spiri t (V I ) in a ma n n er wh i ch w oul d ha v e

b e e n sh oc k i ng to t h e th e olo g ian s of t h e N i c e n e cr e e d .

34From w hat c an b e g ath e r e d out of hi s va gu e stat e

.

m e n ts h e app e ars at oth e r tim e s to hav e h e l d a D u ality: h e

,

e xpr e ssly co n t e n ds for t wo Go ds an d t wo L or ds ; an d q uot e s

the
“
us of G e n i i i 2 2 t h e dou bl e m e nti o n of t h e w or d
. .
,

“
L or d in G e n xix 2 4 an d t h e po e ti c ma n n e r in wh i ch
”
,
. .

Wi s dom i s p e rso n i fi e d an d made to sp e ak in Pro v e rb s v i i i .

22 as proofs He says th e y are n um e rically disti n ct an d

, .
“ ”
,

are
“
t wo in n um b e r
”
V
( )II T hus th ou g h h e w as mor e tha n .

a U n itaria n i e a b e li e v e r in t h e S impl e o n e n e ss of G o d
, . .

a n d in t h e huma n n e ss of J e sus h e w as n o t a T ri n itari a n ;

-
,

and t h e
“
Fath e rs b e t we e n hi m an d H ippolytus w e r e n o t
”

T rin it arian s e ith e r .

V II .
—
T HE W OR D “
TR I N I TY US E D BY CH R I S T I A N S .

Tlz eopliilus .

§ 3 5 T h e ophilus A D 1 6 9 a Gr e e k C o n v e rt was t h e
.
, . .
,

first Chri stia n wh o us e d t h e w or d T ri n ity

“ ”
He mak e s a
“
r ia s or T ri n ity co n sisti n g of G o d H is lo g o s an d His
p , ,

w i s dom ; and h e j oi n s t h e w or ds G o d t he w or d w is do m
“
, , ,

m an (V III ) in a ma n n e r w hi ch sho w s h e did n o t hol d t h e

”

mo de r n T ri n itarian doctri n e : i n de e d his T ri n ity i s o n e o f

"

A ttri b ut e s rath e r tha n of P e rso n s ; and h e says e xpr e ssly

, ,

T h e T ru e G o d [i e t h e Fath e r] i s alo ne to b e w or . .

”
shipp e d (I x) .

V III .
—C ON T RO VE RSY A BOU T T HE G ENER AT I ON O F T HE

S ON .

I re nwus .

36 . I r e nae us ,
A D
. .
77
1 a Gr e,
e k of Asia M i n or ma k e s a ,

“
d isti n ctio n b e t we e n t h e S o n an d t h e O n e o n ly T ru e
 Tert ullia n s Creed
’
56 .

e x plai n s Joh n x 3 0 I .
,
“
an d t he Fath e r are o n e as a o ne

n e ss of affe cti o n
(XV I ) .

§ 41 . He has l e ft thr e e all of w hi ch ass e rt t h

Cr e e ds ,
e

d isti n ct supr e macy of t h e Fath e r W e g i ve o n e .

W e b e li e v e in o n e o nly G o d om n ipot e n t Mak e r of t h e , ,

w orl d ; an d hi s so n J e sus Chri st b orn of t h e v irg i n ,

Mary cruci fi e d u n de r Po n tius Pilat e rais e d from t h e

, ,

de a d t h e thi r d day r e c e i v e d i n to t h e h e a ve n s n o w si t ti n g
, ,

at t h e ri ght han d of t h e Fath e r an d w h o shall com e to

j u dge t h e li v i ng an d t h e de ad throu gh t h e r e surre ctio n of
(XV II )
”
t h e fl e sh .

I t w ill b e n oti c e d that h e mak e s t h e Fa t /z er t h e Maker of t b c

Wo rld in O ppositi o n to G n ostici sm Altog e th e r this cr e e d
,
.

—
i s n o t u n li k e t h e so call e d Apostl e s cr e e d wh i ch i s
“ ” ’
,

U n itari an
"

§ 4 2 Cl e m e n t A D 2 1 5 a Gr e e k of Al e xandri a h e l d
.
,
. .
, ,

m uch t h e sam e opi n i o n s as T e rtullian He o n ly us e s t h e .

“ ”
w or d T ri n ity o n c e an d th e n i t i s to de n ot e t h e b o n d of
,

C hri sti an g rac e s Faith H op e an d Charity (XV III )

, , , .

§ 4 3 H ippolytus A D 2 2 0 a Gr e e k Bishop of Porto

.
,
. .
, , ,

n e ar R om e b e li e v e d in a T ri n ity n o t a c o —
, e q ual thr e e b u t , ,

w ith strict su b or di n ati o n of t h e t w o latt e r to t h e First He .

e xplai n s J oh n x 3 0 b y sayi n g that J e sus us e d t h e sam e

.
,

e xpr e ssi o n to w ar ds t h e Di scipl e s (X I X ) ; an d h e de ci de dly

a scri b e s n o p e rso n ality to t h e Holy S pirit (xx) .

IX .
—
L O G I CA L R E- A CT I ON .

Tk e Pa t ripassia n s
-
.

44 . T h e de partur e fro m t he simplicity an d truth of t h e

G osp e l, in t h e doctri n e of the de ific at io n of J e sus n o w ,
 Tb e Pa t ker S ufi red o n Me Cro ss .
’

57

b e g an to pro duc e its atural r e sults

n S om e [t h e Patri
.
“

p assian s S ab e lliu s an d oth e rs ] acc e pt e d it a n d e n de a

, ,

v o u re d to r e co n cil e i t w i th t h e U n ity of G o d ; w h il e oth e rs ,

li k e O ri g e n oppos e d it an d pr e ach e d t h e huma n ity of

, ,

C hrist as r e cor de d in t h e Gosp e ls .

§ 45 . T h e first -n am e dscho ol aros e in t h e ti m e of T e r

t ullia n : th e y did n o t acc e pt h i s e xpla n ati o n an d ,

w hil e cli n g i n g to t h e e rror of t h e de ity of J e sus r e fus e d to ,

a dmit a Plurality of Go ds T h e y th e r e for e suppos e d that

.

t h e Fath e r for t h e purpos e of r e v e ali n g H i ms e lf h ad

“
pos
s e ss e d J e sus ; an d th e y claim e d that thi s v i e w pr e s e r v e d
t he
“
U n i ty of G o d wh il e it ho n our e d t h e S o n ; b u t
“ ”

th e i r O ppo n e n ts [ amo n g wh om w as T e rtullia n from w hom ,

we de ri v e most of our i n formati o n a b out th e m ] accus e d

th e m o f t e achi n g that t ke Pa t li e r b ad s uf ered; h e n c e t h e
f

n am e
“ —
Patri passian ”
IVe ha v e th e n t h e t w o doctri n e s
.

b e for e us
()
a (5 )
O si de t h e Plurality O n t h e oth e r Patri
t he o ne p assian
-
n

of T e rtulli an . i sm .

T his a n tith e si s stat e d in de tail w oul d b e

(a ) (a
T hat J e sus h av i n g b e e n as T hat J e sus hav i n g b e e n as
‘

sum e d to b e G o d : i f th e r e sum e d to b e G o d as b e
w e r e an oth e r G o d —
,

i e the b e for e : if th e r e w e r e o n ly
—
. .

Fath e r t ken t kere we re o n e G o d—th e n t h e Fath e r

t wo G ods . a n d J e sus must b e t h e

sam e p e rso n ; t keref o re
t ke Hea ven ly Fa t ker f
su

fe red o n t lie Cross .

Praxe as i s n am e d as hav i n g h e l d th i s latt e r shock i n g

d octri n e
58 O rigen , S a bellius .

§ 46 . O ri g e n
a Gr e e k of Al e xa n dria b or n n o t
,
A . D . 2
30, ,

o f Pa g a n b u t Chri stia n par e n tag e w as t h e ab l e st oppo n e n t ,

at this tim e of t h e T ri n itaria n doctri n e s wh i ch h ad i nv ade d

Christi an ity alth ou g h h e hi ms e lf w as n o t fr e e from t h e
,

mystici sm an d fa n ciful i n t e rpr e tati o n th e n curr e n t .

47 . He oppos e d t h e Patri passian s -

,
sayi ng— W “
e do no t

h ol d w ith th e m b u t rath e r b e li e v e h i s
, o wn de clarati o n ,
‘
T he Fath e r who s e n t m e i s g r e at e r tha n I (XX I )
§ 4 8 He ass e rts
. t h e Fath e r an d S o n are t w o [ s e parat e
]
th i n g s in e ss e n c e b u t o n e in co n s e n t an d w ill : h e e xplai n s
,
”

J oh n x 3 0 similarly to T e rtulli a n
. an d illustrat e s it

from Acts i v 3 2 : An d t h e multi tu de o f th e m that b e li e v e d

“
.

w e r e of o n e h e art and soul (XX II )

”
.

§ 4 9 He says
. t h e Fath e r i s alo n e Goo d an d g r e at e r ,

tha n hi m w h o w as s e n t (XX III ) ; an d h e e xpr e ssly dir e ct s

pray e r to b e a ddr e ss e d n o t e v e n to Chri st b u t to t h e ,

G o d an d Fath e r of t h e u n i v e rs e alo n e (XX I V )

50 . i t w ill b e s e e n i s n o t v e ry diffe r e nt from t h e
T h is
t e ach i n g of J e su s h ims e lf ; b u t i t did n o t e scap e c o n de m ~

n ati o n b y C ou n cils h e l d at C o n sta n ti n opl e A D 5 5 3 an d . .

6 8 0 ; w hi ch m i ght possi b ly ha v e co n de m n e d e v e n J e su s
h ims e lf as n o t su ffi ci e ntly orth o do x for that tim e
,
.

51 . S ab e llius, A . D,. 25 5 , of Ptol e ma i s i n Egypt , e n de a

v o u re d to r e co n cil e t he doctri n e of t h e D eity f
o Clz rist w i th
t he Un ity o f G o d b y supposi n g that God ex i st e d in o ne

p e rso n , b u t in thr e e rela t io ns :

()
a I n C r e ati o n an d gi vi ng t h e L aw,

(b) In the p e rso n of J e sus an d ,

(c) I n the e l e vati n g i n flu e n c e call e d t h e Holy S piri t ;

 A rius .
59

an d that th e s e w e r e n o t s e p arat e p e rso n s b u t o nly diffe r e n t ,

m e tho ds of r e v e ali n g H i ms e l f He tau ght that J e sus w as .

t h e ma n ife stati o n of G o d ha v i n g t h e Po w e r of G o d ,

hypostati z e d [or fi xe d] in h i m duri n g h i s ab o de o n e arth ,

b u t thi s “
possessio n w as tra nsi e n t n o t p e rma n e n t : i t ” “
,

n e ith e r e xi st e d b e fo r e h i s i n car n atio n n o r S i n c e h is de ath ,

hav i n g r e tur n e d a gai n to G o d

X .
—
R E T URN TO M YS T I C I S M .

A rius .

52 . Ari us ,
a Pr e s b yt e r of a church in Al e xa n
A . D 3 2 0,
.

dri a pr e ach e d stro n g ly a g ai n st t h e e rrors of S ab e llia n i sm

, ,

b u t in s o doi n g fe ll i n to t h e opposi t e e xtr e m e He offe n de d .

h i s Bishop b y r e proach i n g h i m for S a b e llian ism an d w as ,

b a n ish e d A D 3 2 1 He too k r e fu g e in S yri a wh e r e h i s

. . .
,

O pi n i o n s s oo n spr e a d as also o n t h e n orth coast of Afric a ,

.

E us e b ius of N i com e di a j oi n e d h i m ; an d hi s follo w e rs are

h e n c e oft e n call e d E us e b ia n s
“
.

53 . He
h i s follo w e rs clai m e d ami d th e ir p e rse c u
an d ,

ti o n s that th e ir doctri n e s we r e n o t n e w b u t m e r e ly a r e tur n

, ,

t o t h e o ld an d prop e r i de a of t h e su bo rdin a t io n of t h e S o n t o

t h e Fath e r (X X V ) ; an d th e y app e al e d to t h e a n c ie n t tra di

ti o n s in support of th e m (XXV I ) .

54 . T he charact e ri sti c doctri n e s of his follo we rs we re

I t will be no ti
tt mpt t h rm i t h
ced th t a of t he t wo a e s o a o n se e

e xtr u d tri f t h D i ty f J u wi th t h Bibl d t i f

an e o s oc ne o e e o es s e e o c r ne o

t h U i ty f G d t h
e n fir t by t h P tri p i
o o : m d th H e s , e a - ass an s a e e ea

v enly F th r id t i l i p a ew i th J u ;en d th ca d by n e rso n es s an e se c o n ,

S b lli
a e u ght t br i dg t h i up r bl di ffi ulty b y upp i g
u s, so o e e ns e a e c s os n

th t t h H v ly F th r p
a e ea d th p en f J u Th i l tt r
a e o ss ess e e e rs o n o es s. s a e

d t i i tr
o c r ne i th s i wh i h G d
ue pn i gr t r
e s e n se n c o
“
o sse sse s
”
, n ea e or

d gr ll Hi h i l dr wh i Him liv d m v d h v
th i r b i g — A t xvii 8—
l
e ss “
e ee, a s c en o n e an o e an a e

e e n but t i y th r c s . 2 no n an o e se n s e .
60 Co u n cil f
o IVica a .

that t h e So n w as
pro duc e d out of n oth i n g an d w as no t of ,

t h e sa me su bst a nce [ e v e n if of a sim ila r s u bst a n ce] w ith t h e

Fath e r ”
Also
.
“
that th e r e w as a p e ri o d wh e n t h e S o n did
,

n o t e xist i e w h e n G o d alo n e e xist e d : t h e or de r of cr e ati o n

. .

b e i n g that G o d firstly cr e at e d H i s S o n a n d aft e r w ar ds t h e ,

Worl d w ith su n moo n & c ; a n d h e n c e as t ime c o ul d o n ly

, ,
.

comm e n c e aft e r th e r e w as som e thi n g to m e asur e it b y [i e . .

t h e r e v oluti o n of t h e h e a v e n ly b o di e s ] th e r e for e t h e S o n w as ,

cr e at e d b fo re t ime b u t n o t fro e ern iy

e m t
,
t "
Arius did n o t .

w i sh to lo w e r t h e di g n ity of J e sus b u t to g i v e h im t h e ,

gr e at e st ho n our w h i ch an y cr e at e d b e i n g coul d h a v e af t er
G o d hi s Cr e ator (XXV II ) .

XI .
—AU T H OR I TAT I V E T H EO LOG Y .

(1 )
f I Vicwa Co u n cil o .

5 5 T h e spr e a d of Ari a n i sm w as much O ppos e d b y t h e

.

Bishop of A l e xan dria an d t h e di sput e g r e w s o b itt e r

,

b e t w e e n t h e th e olo g ian s that t h e E mp e ror C o n stan ti n e fou n d

i t n e c e ssary to i n t e rfe r e He summo n e d a G e n e ral Cou n cil
.

o f t h e Church whi ch m e t in Ju n e A D 3 z 5 at a plac e

, , . .
,
.

c all e d N i c ae a in Bithy n ia
,
T h e E mp e ror w as pr e s e n t in
.

p e rso n a n d hi s fav ou ri t e Ho sius pr e si de d T h e n um b e r of

, .

Bish ops w as 3 1 8 an d t h e durati o n of t h e Cou n cil rath e r

,

mor e than t wo mo n ths I t i s dou b tful i f Co n sta n ti n e we r e

.

q ualifi e d to u n de rsta n d m e taphysical di scussi o n s i t i s pos

s i b l e that a w e ll tim e d hi n t that E us e b ius o n e of t h e Ar ia n
-
, ,

l e ade rs h ad r e c e n tly assist e d h is politi cal ri v al w as su ffiCI e nt

, ,

for h i s de ci si o n (XXV III ) .

’

5 6 Aft e r
. much disputati o n an d s om e compulsio n (XX I X ) ,

h
T is w as a t p f rth r th T rtull i
s e a e an e an , wh o m ade t he logos,

fro m e t er n i
ty b e c o m t h S i t im
e e on, n e .
 Ni cene Creed . 61

the oppo n e nts of Arius succ e e de d in g ai n i n g t h e maj ority of

v ot e s ; an d th e y proc e e de d to draw up a formula which
S houl d e xclu de t h e Ar ia n s T hi s w as t h e n ucl e us of t h e .

famous N i c e n e Cr e e d wh i ch i s n o w us e d in t h e R oman
“ ”

Catholi c mass an d li k e w is e in t h e commu n io n s e r v i c e of t h e

,

Church of E n gla n d T h e claus e “

c o n su b st an t iale m

— b e i n g of o n e su b sta n c e w ith t h e Fath e r —w as

.

” “ ”
Patri
e Aria n s
"
e xpr e ssly i t e de d to e clu de
n n x t h T h e cr e e d .

[se e App e n di x] w as a dopt e d by a u t ko riiy ; an d Arius an d

“ ”

s e v e ral of t h e Bi shops w ho h ad oppos e d its a dopti o n w e r e

b a n i sh e d T h is w as t h e sa d b e g i nn i n g of S tat e p e rs e cuti o n
.

b y profe ssi n g follo w e rs of J e sus wh ich has S i n c e le d to such ,

lam e n tab l e r e sults in t h e Chri stian Church .

5 7 T h e t e rm
. co n su b sta n ti al was aft e r war ds e xplai n e d
b y A tha n asius , o n e of t h e disputa n ts at t h e Co u n c il j to ,
'

m e a n— th at Chri st b e i n g G o d b y b irth i e de sc e n de d or , . .

b e g ott e n b y a G o d w as of t h e sa me [i e Divin e] n a t u re as
,
. .

G o d ; in t h e sam e ma nn e r as all m e n b e i n g de sc e n de d from ,

huma n par e n ts hav e t h e sam e [i e huma n ] n atur e T hu s

,
. . .

the gr e at Spiritual fact wh ich u nde rli e s all T ri n iti e s

—th at t he H e av e n ly Fath e r has n o t l e ft H is chil dr e n
,

w ithout a w it n e ss e ith e r (a ) b y rai si n g up o n e of th e m to

,

sp e ak o u t wa rdly to t h e human soul or (b) b y t h e v oic e of ,

co n sci e n c e wit kin—w as co v e r e d up b y th e s e mat e rialisti c

i de as I t i s t h e miss i o n o f t h e U n itaria n Church to r e mo v e
.

th e s e latt e r an d to r e stor e Christia n doctri n e to its pri miti v e

,

purity an d simpli city .

Th e Gr
k w o r d fo r c o n s u bs ta n t ia l is ia —h o mo -o u sio s ; o -m m o s
i

s—
ee c

an dfo r t h e S e m i -A r i an vi e w o f a s i m ila r s u b s t an c e is on - ho mo i '

, , o i o zi o io

o usio s ; an d th i s difle re n c e o f t h e l e tt e r i o r i o t a ( ) gav e ri s e t o t h e l

sn e e r o f the pr f o an e .

Th i s is t h e A t han as i u s ,
aft rw rd A r hbi h p
e a s c s o of A l e xan dri a , to
w hm
o t h e Tr i n i t ari an C r e e d ,
m t i d b ut A D 5
en o ne a o . . 00 , w as as c ribe d .
62 T w o G o ds,
”
or Di Tkeism
-
.

58 . co n su b stan ti al soo n cam e to m e a n indi

The t e rm
v idua l iden t ity an d als o e uali ty ; a n d t h e mo de of de fe n c e
q ,

c ha n g e d corr e spo n di n gly W h e re as in oppositi o n to t h e

'

.
,

c har g e O f Plurality

()
a T e rtullia n h a d ass e rt e d t h e i n fe ri ori ty a n d su bo rdi

n a t io n o f t he So n

(b) i t w as sai d that as t h e p e rso n s w e r e of o n e

no w

i n di v i dual e ss e n c e th e r e w as o n ly o n e o bj e ct o f
,

supr e m e w orship

f Cka lcedo n ] [ Co u n cil o .

§ 5 9 T h e C ou n ci l h e l d at Chalc e do n a c e n tury aft e r

.

war ds A D 4 5 1 authori s e d t h e doctri n e O f t h e D o u ble n a t u re

,
. .
,
-

of Cli rist ; an d th e olo g i an s b e g an th e n to say that t h e

S o n as G o d w as c o —
,
e q ual to t h e Fath e r
,
an d as Man w as , ,

i n fe ri or to t h e Fath e r .

() 2 Co u n cil f
o Const a n t in ople .

60 . as s e ttl e d at t h e C ou n cil of N i c ae a o n ly
T h e Cr e e d
m e n ti o n e d t h e Holy S pirit in g e n e ral t e rms : t h e claus e was
—“ an d in t h e H oly Spirit ”—whi ch mi ght m e an a p e rs o n or an
i n flu e n c e ; an d as ma n y i n t e rpr e t e d t h e cr e e d in a di th e i sti c -

man ne r t h e Cou n cil h e l d at C o n sta n t i n opl e A D 3 8 1 a dde d

—
,
. .
, ,

wh o w ith t h e Fath e r a n d t h e S o n t o g e th e r is
“
t h e claus e

w orshipp e d an d glori fi e d T hi s w as as Mosh e im says , ,

t h e fi n i shi n g touch ; alth ou g h oth e r a dditi o n s to t h e Cr e e d

”

w e r e made lat e r .

§ 61 . call e d t h e A P O ST L E S C R E E D
T he C r e e ds
“ ’

an d t h e
“
N I C EN E C R E E D as n o w co n tai n e d in t h e ,

Pray e r b oo k appoi n t e d to b e us e d in t h e Church of Eng

-

lan d are g i v e n in t h e App e n di x pr e c e de d b y P AU L S

, ,
’

C R E E D as co n tai n e d in 1 Co r v i i i 6 T h e a dditi o n s . . .
 64 A n a logy t o t fie Develop emen t .

a nd its de v e lop e m e n t has n o w b e e n trac e d All throu gh .

this p e ri o d of de v e l o p e m e n t th e r e h ad b e e n prot e sts ma de b y

thos e w h o w i sh e d to pr e s e r ve t h e tr uth of t h e Gosp e l from
t h e i nn o v ati o n s ; b u t th e y w e r e g ra dually o v e r b or n e u n til at ,

l e n g th w h e n t h e i n n o v at o rs w e r e stro n g e n ou gh th e y call e d
, ,

oth e r Chri sti an s “

H e r e ti cs ”
a n d p e rs e cut e d th e m ,
T he .

“
T ruth as i t i s in J e sus e xi st e d b e for e t h e accr e tio n s ; an d
w ill b e b ri ght e r o n c e mor e wh e n as i t may b e h op e d m e n , ,

w i ll a gai n b e c o nt e n t t o fo llo w Iz inz as th e ir Mast e r in st e a d ,

of t h e e ccl e s i ast i cs wh o h av e formulat e d Ce r e mo n i e s an d

dictat e d Cr e e ds .

W e may de ri v e an a n a logy from t h e sci e n c e o f

Ari thm e ti c : Hi story , i e t h e r e lati o n of e v e n ts assi g n i n g t o
. .
,

e ach caus e i ts co n tri b uti n g v alu e may b e li k e n e d to an ,

op e rati o n in S u b tracti o n i e a fin ding out of t h e v ari ou s

,
. .
-

i t e ms co n tri b uti n g to an y g i v e n r e sult Aft e r p e rformi ng .

t h e op e rati o n t h e calculator may in or de r to t e st it s

corr e ct n e ss w o r k t h e sum b ackwar ds —
, ,

,
w ay ; an d a ddi n g t h e ,

it e ms to g e th e r asc e rtai n i f t h e ori g i n al amou n t b e arri v e d at

, .

§ 65 . T h is “
w ork i g
n the sum
may h e l p b ac kw ar ds w ay -

us n o w to u n de rstan d h o w t h e simpl e t e achi n g s of J e su s

hav e b e com e s o a dde d to ; an d we may say : g i v e n t h e
-

i t e ms we c an fin d t h e am o u n t ; g i v e n t h e caus e s we c an
, , .

for e s e e t h e r e sult T hus co n s i de ri n g

.

(a ) T h e glo w i n g L o v e to t h e Mast e r who h ad b rou gh t

life an d immortality to li ght an d h ad sho wn such ,

su b lim e s e lf sac rific e all throu gh hi s life

-
,

n atural I n sti n ct to add to t h e di g n ity of an

()
a T h e
y
m an h e l d in hi g h e sti mati o n " ,

Eg . . HER AK L E S in H th ea en Myth l gy o o , an d
“
S ain t s in.
mr r
o e ec en t t im e s.
 S te ps in t bc Develop emen t . 65 .

() c De sir e to pr e s e n t t h e g o sp e l in an acc e ptab l e

T he
form to t h e h e ath e n s an d t h e fals e S ham e o f ,

o w n i n g a cruci fi e d Chri st ”
,

a ) T h e Sup e rstiti o n s of t h e Eg ypti a n s an d t h e su b tl e

(
’

S p e culati o n s of t h e Gr e e k s in t h e ci ty [Al e xan

dria] w hi ch w as u n fortu n at e ly t h e c e n tr e of
,

i n flu e n c e at t h e tim e an d ,

e accumulati n g Forc e of sup e rstitio n s w h e n o n c e

()e T h
a dmitt e d
we coul d pr e dict a g ra dual corrupti o n of doctri n e ru nn i n g
“

parall e l to a g ra dual i n cr e as e of suppos e d di g n ity in t h e

co n c e pti o n s of an d g i v e t h e stag e s in t h e
De v e lop e m e n t
“
(a ) T h e t e n de n cy to t h e exclusive u se of T itl e s S o n ,
” “ ”
of G o d Christ , & c i n st e a d of h is o wn prop e r
.
,
”
n am e J e sus ;
“
e doctri n e o f hi s Pre e xi st e n c e as
( a ) T h S -
on

(c) T hat of h is Pre e xi st e n c e as an infe rio r G od;

-

E e rn a l Pre —
( )
’
a T hat of h i s t e xist e n c e as an i n fe ri o r

G o d;
ng co egu a l w ith t h e H e a v e nl y
()
e T hatof hi s b e i -

Fath e r ;
(f ) T h e doctri n e of t h e pe rso n a lity of t h e H oly S piri t

as a s e parat e b e i n g from t h e H e av e n ly Fath e r ;

an d fi n ally

T h at of t h e de ity of t h e H oly S pirit .

It
i s a pai n ful tas k to trac e in t h e H i story o f
'

§ 66 .

t h e C hurch t h e disput e s of th e olo g ia n s in t h e de pth o f

m e taphysical mysti cism s o soo n as th e y h ad de part e d from
,

t h e soli d g rou n d of Chri st s simpli city : i t i s to b e h op e d in

’

A s if an y di gni ti es co ul d a dd to t he co mpl t r v l t i
e e e e a on of the
F th r wh i h h h
a e c e s o we d
v
66 Hop es of Primit ive S implicity .

t he i n cr e asi n g lo v e of Bi b l e r e a di n g an d t h e cl e ar e r in t e lli
-

g e n c e an d de e p e r r e ve r e n c e of our age that t h e Christian

,

C hurch m ay cast off t h e Pa g a n philosophy ; an d s w e e pi n g ,

a w ay t h e i n h e rit e d accr e ti o n s com e to s e e t h e G o sp e l in

,

that ori g i n al purity an d b e auty w hich wh e n fairly an d

,

lo v i n gly pr e s e n t e d w ill win t h e w orl d an d b ri n g all n ati o n s

, ,

to t h e k n o w l e dg e an d lo v e of H i m w h o i s t h e Fath e r of all .

A s a small e ffort to w ar ds that glori ous c o n summ ati o n th i s ,

b ri e f stat e m e n t i s su b mitt e d to t h e can di d a n d pray e rful

" c o n si de ratio n of all r e v e r e n t an d e ar n e st mi n ds .

C/z rist nz as, 1 88 1 . H H . . S .

 67

D ivisio ns of t lz e S u bject ,
ana
’
Ta ble sno wing C/iro n o logica l
Develop ement
I .
— P AGAN TRINI TI ES :

BC . .
70 0 ( )
1 Eg ypt , 7 .

8 00 ( ) I n di a
2 ,
1 0 .

72 0 (3 ) Assyria, 1 4 .

I I — PHi L O SO PH1 c T H
. EO RI ES

BC . .
3 60 Plato n i sm ,
1
5 .

I I I —J
. EW I S H AN D A L
AN D R I N E W R I T E R S
EX - ’

“ ”
BC . . 1 50
(1 ) Wis dom of S olomo n § ,
1 8 .

2
5 ( ) Ph ilo
2 1
9 , .

IV .
— T HE E VANG E L I ST S ,
2 2 .

V .
—T HE G N O ST I C S ,
A . D 5 0,
. 24 .

V L —I N TR O DU CT I ON O F “
L OG OS
A . D . 1 50 Justi n M artyr , 30 .

S
.

V II .
—
T HE W O RD
“
TRI NI TY U S ED BY C H R I ST I AN S :
e
h A D . . 1 6 9 T h e ophilus , 35 .

V III —CO N T R O V E R S Y
a
F . AB U TO G EN ER AT I ON O F SO N

A . D . 1 77 (1 ) I re n mu s 3 6 , .

200
(2 ) T e rtulli an an d Cl e m e n t , 39 .

2 20
(3 ) H ippolytus 4 3 , .

IX .
—
L O G CAL I R E-A CT I ON
A . D . 2 20
( ) 1Patri p assian s -
, 44 .

2 30 (2 ) O ri g e n 4 6 , .

2 55 ( )
3 S ab e lliu s,
51 .

X .
— R ETU R N TO M YST I C I S M
A . D 320 . Arius 52 , .

XI .
—
A THU O RI T AT I V E T HE O L O GY .

A . D 32 .
5 ( ) Cou n ci l of N i c ae a
1 , 55 .

38 1 (2 ) C ou n cil of Co n sta n ti n opl e § 6 0 ,

.
 APPEN DIX TO PRIZ E E SSAY .

P A U L S C R EED A D 5 7 T
'

th r G d t h F th r o us e e is o n e o e a e ,

f wh m ll th i g
,

d w u t h im
,

L rd J u
. .
,

o
C hr i t th u gh wh m
s
o
ro
are

ll th i g
a

d w by h im
d
o — n
I C
s,
viii 6
are a
an

n
e n o
s , an e
an o ne
”
.
o

o r.
, es

.
s

l t h mm m t f ll h i E p i tl ]
.
,

[S e e a so e co enc e en s o a s s es .

Th A P O S TLE S C R EED
e
“
T h N I CEN E C R EED
’
m e , co

u d ir A D 4 i it pr t p d A D 3 5 ; t h p rt i i
se c ca . . 00 , n s e se n o se . . 2 e o on n .

f rm b ut i ub t
o , d t i g fr m
n s urv d br k t
s an c e wa i t p n o c e ac e s as n er o

t h v ry rl i t C hr i t i t im l t d t t h C u il f l l d i ‘

e e ea es s an e s. a e a e o nc o o e o, n

A D 5 89 dw th u f th . .
, an as e ca se o e

pl i t f t h W t r L ti s o e es e n or a n

br h fr m t h m i G r k an c o e a n ee

C th l i C hur h t h r m i i g a o c c : e e a n n

p rt i i qu r br k t J h d o on n s a e ac e s a

b pr vi u ly i t rp l t d i e en e o s n e o a e n

A D 38 t th C il f C . . 1 a e o un c o on

st an t in o ple .

I be l i e ve in G o d I b e l i e ve in o ne God
F th r A lmighty
t he a e , t heF th r A lmi ghtya e ,

Mk r fh va e d rtho e a e n an ea M k r fh v
a e d o rth e a e n an ea ,

A d f ll th i g
n i ibl
o d a n s V s e an
i vi ibl
n s e

An d in J u es s C hr i s t His o n ly S on A di n L rd J u C hr i t t h
n o ne o es s s e
L rd ly b g tt S f G d
,

o ur o on - e o en on o o
, ,

B g tt e f h i F th r b f r
o en o s a e e o e

ll w rl d
a o s,

G d f o
f m G d Light f
o or ro o , o

f or Light ro n z ,

V ry G d f f m V ry G d
e o o or ro e o ,

B g tt e t m do en , n o a e,

B i g f e n ub t wi th t h
o o ne s s an c e e

F th r ; a e

By wh m w r ll th i g m do e e a n s a e,

Who fo r us m e n an d fo r o ur

sa lv t i
a on ca m e do wn fr m o

h e a en ,v
W h o was c o nc e ive d r t
A n d w as i nc a na e

by t h e
H ly Gh t o os ,
y H ly G h t
b the o os

B r o n

of t h Vi gi M ry
e r n a of t h Vi r gi M ry
e n a ,

md m
,

A dw n as a e an ,
 Ap ost les co n t in ued . ZVicene co n t in u ed . 69

S uff e r ed u d r P tiu Pil

n e on s a e,t An d w as ru i fi d l c c e a so fo r us

NV as c ru i fi d
c e ,
u d r P ti u Pil t
n e on s a e,

H uff r d
e s e e

de a d,
an d buri e d ; an d w as b ur i e d ,

He de sc e n de d i nt o H ll ;
e

The th ir d d y h r a e o se a gai n And the th i rd d y h r a e o se a gai n

f r m th
o e de ad .

ac c o r di n g to r i ptur t h e Sc e s,

He asc e n de d int o h v A n d asc e n d d i t h v

“

ea en, e n o e a en,

A nd s i tt e th on t h right h
e and And s i tt th e t h r ight h
on e an d

.
of Go d
F th r Al mighty ;
t he a e of F th r
t he a e .

Fr m th o h h ll m t en c e e s a co e o A d h n h ll m e s a co e a gain wi th
ju dg t h qu i k d t h d d
e e c an e ea gl ry t judg b th
o o e o t h e qu i c k
an d t h e de ad

W ho s e ki n gdo m s h ll h
a v
a e no

e nd .

I be l i e ve in t h e H ly G h t ;
o os A nd I b e l i e ve in t h e H o ly G ho st ,

[T h e L o r d an d G ive r o f l i fe ,

W ho pr o c e e de d fr m t h F th r
o e a e

(an d t h e S o n ) ,

W h o wi th t h e F th r a e an d S on
t ge th e r
o is w r h i pp
o s ed an d

gl o r i fi e d ,

W
'

ho s p
ke by t h e Pr o ph e t s ]
a

T he H ly C th l i C hur h ;
o a o c c A n d I b e l i e ve o n e C a th o l i c
a n d A p o s t o l i c C hur c h .

T he C o mmun i o n o f S ai n t s
‘

The F o r give n e ss o f
I ac k n o w l e dge o n e Bapt i sm
fo r t h e r e m i s si o n o f
i
s ns,

And I l
k fo r
oo

The R urr t i
es ec on o f t he R e surr e c t i o n of

t he bo dy ,

o f the w o rl d t o co m e.

A MEN
.
 N O TE S .

[ The r i t r h v il d w e f th r f r th
as a a e h im lf f t h h l r hi p se o e sc o a s o o e s o e se

r fr
I —
] e e e nc e s

Th H i du P th b i g P rt I f T h I du t i l A rt f
e n an e o n, e n a o e n s ra s o

I di b y D r Bi r dw d O S I L d pp 48 9 S l
. .

n a, 88 oo on on, 1 0, - ee a so

b ut thi
. .

H ibb rt L tur 8 78 by M x Mull r pp

. . .
, ,

e ec 9 d e s, 1 a e 2 0 -1 , a o s an

b ut du l g d
, , .

“ ”
a - o

II —
a o s .

N d r ; G r l C hur h H i t ry V l I I p 4 7
I II —
. e an e ene a c s o . o . .
, . .

Di l m T yph t
. d O tt 56 ;
a l 5 76 cu d r on e e o c se e a so cc . 2 an
d Th i rl by p
. .
,
.

e 64 2

I V —A p l I p 6 3 ; O tt
. .
, .

3 S l A p l I I p 9 7; O tt
o o, c 2 ee a so o o ,

d Ap l I d Di l
. . .
. .
, . . . .
,

c 3
. 1 , d 3 ;
an 6 7 o . . cc . 1 2 an 1 an a .
, cc . 12 - .

V Di l d P 74 ; A p l I pp 8 3 ; O tt
- 65 7 1 2 2- -

VI —
. a . e . ar . o . .
, .
, o, cc . .

A p l I p 6 4 ; O tt 33
V II —
. o . .
, , o , c . .

Di l ; Th i rl by pp 4 3 4 ; O tt
. a 9.
, p . 222 , . 1 - o , c . 12 .

VI I I A d A ut l lib I I
—
-
p
.
5 o . . .
, ca . 1 .

IX A d A ut l lib I lib I I p 35 1 1,
—
o ca ca
.
p . . .
, . . .
, . .

X C tr H r lib V p 8 on ; lib I p a ae ca 1 2 ca I 0,

XL —Ibi d
. .
. .
, .
, . .
, .

. See I . 22, 1 ; III . 6, 1 ; III . 8, § 3 ; IV . 6, 7

IV 38, 3
XI I —Ibi d I I I
. .

—
. . .
,
cc . 1 6 -1 8 .

XI I I I bicl I I 28, 6 an d 8
—A d
. . . .

X IV He rm o g 3
XV —Adv Praxe am c c 3 -4
. v . .
, c . .

See l
a so 0 13

X V I —Ibi d c 2 2
. . . . .
.
,

. . . .

XVI I -De Vir g Ve l an d c . . .

, . 1 . T h e t wo o th r e s are give n in De
Prae sc rip Hae re t c 1 3 an d A dv Prax , c. 2

—S tr m t L I V p 49 5
. . . . . .

XVI I I o a a

X I X —Bu
. . . . .
_
.
,

H i t C hri t i D gm a , e d. Bo h p 1 63

XX —M i r L hr
. n se n : s . s an o n, . .

d Tri i tat I e von n

'

88
XXL —C tr C l VI I I 4
. e e : e er , . .

—
on a e s. . 1 .

XXI I Ibi d VI I I 1 2 . . . .

XXI I I C o mme n t in J o an t XI I I - 2 5 ; O pp IV 2 3 5 -6
XX IV —
. .
. . .
, .
, .
,

De O rat 15 ; O
pp . I 2 2 2 -
3 .
, .
, . .

XXV -N e an de r
XXVI —
.

S e e his l e tt e r t o his b ish o p q u o t e d in N e wm an s Lib r ar y

’ “

f t h e F a th e rs VI I I pp 9 6 -8
XXVI I —N e ande r : Hist y V o l I I pp 3 6 1 -5 ; H i st C hr i st i an
o , .
, . .

D o gm as pp 2 8 6 -7
. . . .
, .
,

—
.
, .

XXVI I I S e e T h e o do re t lib I c ap 2 0 wh e re C o n st an t i ne m e n
t io ns E use bi u s as impl i c at e d in t h e c ru e lty o f t h e tyran t an d c o m
.
, . .
, . ,

pl ai n s o f h is h o st i l e c o n duc t duri ng t h e c ivi l war G ibbo n

—
. .

XXIX N e an de r : H i s t C hri st i an R e l i gio n V o l I I pp 3 77-8

. .
,
. .
, . .
 72 Appendix .

h l y r l i s t h r p i s f t h fl s h f m h ly m w h i h
o e c ee ece o e e o so e o an , c

i divi du a lly w ig h d
‘
n u d ell t iv ly w ig h d
e an o nce , an co ec e e e an

u o d t h w r it r r g u d th t
nc e an Pr t st t hur h
e e a e a ,
as no o e an c c

ul d s h w
co vi i g a pr f f t h T r i i ty i U i ty
o so con nc n oo o e n n n ,

h r t i s w r d pr iv d f a v ry s tr g d s l i g f d
e e c e e e e o e on an con o n o un a

t i f th i r b l i f
on or e e e

I t i s sai d th a t H r T k mp lai d t o ne r th d x oo e once co ne o an o o o

fr i d
en f h i s ab u t t h
o s lf tr adi t ry h r t r f t h
o e e -
con c o c a ac e o e

d tr i N t at a ll tr di t ry sai d h i fr i d ; i t i s “
oc ne o c on a c o s en

ly lik a t h i g th at I h av j u s t s i t h s tr t—thr m
.

on e n e een n e ee ee en

r i di g i n ca rt n I t w u l d b m r t t h purp
o ne
”
.
“
o e o e o e o se
”
,

an sw r d T k e e
“
if y h d s oo m
e, r i di g i thr ou rt s a e e n o ne an n n ee ca
”
.

S m a uth r s s r i us ly t ll us h w t h d tr i
o e o e o as d t b a e o e oc ne c e e o e

m y s t ry t th m b y t h thr
e o hi f e l ur u i t d i r ai b w
e ee c e co o s n e n o ne n o .

th f ult i s f t h ul—t h u d r
,

O th s t ll us h w t h
er e o e re e ac e o e so e n e

s t di g t h
an n s i , d t h wi ll — ll b l
e c o n c e n c e , an di g i m e a en n n o ne an ,

i llu tr a t t
s th m t h T i i ty S m l ik J h W l y s p k
e o e e r n . o e, e o n es e ,
ea

o f t h di ffi ulty b i g
e g r at t th m t h th
c e n a dl ino e er o e an re e c n es n

o ne r m b l di g i t
oo l ight T h y m ig ht as w ll p k f
en n n o o ne . e e s ea o

thr m as ur s f wa t r maki g
ee e e l a r g r m ur
o d f dly
e n o ne e e as e , an on

b l i v th i i
e e e i llu s tr t i s f t h T r i i ty
s an N f th s r lly
a on o e n . o ne o e e ea

t u h t h q u t i as i t i s p u t b f r us i t h r d f t h
o c e es on e o e n e c ee s o e

C hu h s rc T h F a th r i s p rf t G d t h S
e . e i s p rf t G d e e ec o , e on e ec o ,

d t h H ly Gh s t i s p rf t G d ;
an e o d y t th r
o t thr e ec o an e e e a re n o ee

G ds b ut
o G d
,
N i ll u tr t i
o ne f th bl
o di g f fi i t
”
. 0 s a on o e en n o n e

th i gs b ar s a p a rt i l f a l gy t thr di t i t A lm ighty d
n e c e o na o o ee s nc an

I fi i t B i gs maki g
n n e e n A lm ig hty d I fi i t B i g T h i s n o ne an n n e e n .

i s t h d tr i e f t h C h ur h ;
oc ne o d i t is d fi d b y D W ll i
e c an so e ne r . a s
“
A r di g t t h W r d f G d t h
cco n o r d T r i i ty f t h
e o o o ,
e sa c e n o e

F a th r S e d H ly Gh st
,
o n, andis t i g i s h d th t t ho o a re so n u e a e

F th r i s
a t th
e S th no H ly G h s t t h S i s t t h
e on or e o o ,
e on no e

F a th r th e H ly Gh s t i th i s t h H l y Gh t t h
or e o o ,
ne er e o os e

F at h r t h S b ut u i t d d i ti m t ly
e or e o n, th t th y so n e an n a e o ne a e

a ll
a re G d o ne o
”
.

Pr f ss r S tu a rt i t h Bibli l R p it y f A pr i l 8 3 5
o e o ,
n e ca e os or or ,
1 ,

s ay s W h wi ll v t r t sa y th a t o y f th d fi iti en u e s o an o e e n on

h r t f r giv
e e o o e f p s a l i ty i t h G dh d i i t s lf
en o er on n e o ea n e con

d—I m
,

ids e re su h d fi i t i s e an h av th i r ba i s i t h
c e n on as e e s n e

N i en c A th a asia C r d— i t lligibl
e or n d s t i fa t ry
n ee are n e e an a s c o
 App en dix .
73

t o th e mi nd ?At l e ast I c an t ru ly sa y th a t I h a v e n o t b e e n
a bl e t o fin d th e m if th e y do in fa c t e xist n o r so far as I
, ,

kn o w h as an yo n e b e e n a bl e b y a n y c o mm e n t a ry o n th e m t o
, , ,

r e n de r th e m c l e ar an d s a t i sfa c t o ry I f I say in w o r ds th a t
.

C hr ist and t h e S p i r it are G o d an d v e ry G o d a n d s ay th is e ve r

, ,

so s t ro n g ly o r s o o ft e n a n d ye t assig n t o th e m a ttr ib u t e s o r a
,

co n di t i o n wh i c h aft e r all m ak e s th e m de p e n de n t an d re pre

, , ,

s e n t s th e m as de r iv e d an d o r igi n a t e d th e n I a m in fac t n o ,

r e al b e li e ve r in t h e do c t r i n e o f true e q u al i ty am o ng t h e p e rs o n s
o f t h e G o dh e a d o r e l s e I u se e xp re ss io n s o u t o f th e ir law fu l
,

an d a c c u s t o m e d s e n s e an d l o s e m y se lf a m i d t h e s o u n d o f
,

w o r ds w h il e th i n gs are n o t e xami n e d an d de fi n e d wi th s e ru
,

p ulo u s ca r e a n d a c cura c y
”

W e are all a c quai n t e d wi t h t h e parado xe s a t t r ib ut e d t o L o r d

‘

Bac o n o n th is m a tt e r ; absu r d as th e y may a pp e ar th e y a re b u t ,

t h e s i mp l e s t a t e m e n t o f t h e di ffi c ult i e s He o bs e rv e s th a t
.

a Ch ri s t ian b e li e v e r in t h e Tri n i ty b e l i e v e s t hr e e t o b e o n e an d
o n e t o b e thr e e a fa th e r n o t t o b e o l de r th an h is so n a s o n
t o b e e q u al wi t h hi s fath e r an d o n e pr o c e e di n g fr o m b o th t o

b e e q u a l wi th b o th He b e l i e v e s in thr e e p e r s o n s in o n e n atur e
.
,

an d thr e e n at u r e s in o n e p e rs o n He b e li e v e s a vi r gi n t o b e a
.

m o t h e r o f a so n an d th at v e ry so n o f h e r s t o b e h e r M ak e r
,
.

He b e li e v e s H im t o h av e b e e n s hut u p in a n a rr o w r o o m wh o m
h e ave n and e arth co ul d n o t c o n t ai n He b e l i e v e s H im t o .

h av e b e e n b o rn in time wh o was an d is fr o m e v e rl a s t i n g He .

b e li e ve s H i m t o h ave b e e n a w e ak c h i l d c a r ri e d in a rm s wh o , ,

i s t h e A lm igh t y an d Him o n c e t o h av e Ldie d wh o o nl y h a th

li fe an d imm o rt a l ity in h ims e lf ”
.

Aft e r th is we c ann o t h e lp th i nki n g th a t C a r di n al W i s e ma n h ad

,

s u ffi c i e n t g r o u n ds fo r m aki n g t h e fo ll o wi n g r e m a r k a b l e s t at e m e n t :

W h o wi ll pr e t e n d t o say th a t h e c an b y an y s tr e t c h o f h i s ,

imagi n a t i o n o r o f h is re as o n i n g se e i t p o s sib l e h o w t h re e
,

p e r s o n s in o n e G o d c an b e b ut o n e G o dh e ad I f t h e co n tra
dicti o n— t h e a pp are n t c o n t ra di c t i o n — t o t h e l aws o f n a t u r e a s ,

us u al ly o bs e rve d an d un de rs t o o d b y u s is t o b e t h e p rin c iple ,

fo r re j e c t i n g a n o t i o n c l e a r l y lai d do w n in S c r i ptur e a n d if t h e ,

Eu c h a r ist w h i c h i s m o re c l e a rly lai d do w n th an t h e Tri n i ty

, ,

i s t o b e r ej e c t e d o n t h a t g r o u n d h o w is i t p o ssib l e fo r a
, ,

m o me n t t o su pp o rt t h e do ctri n e o f t h e T r i n i ty ? T h e v e ry
,
74 Appendix .

i de a is i t s e lf a t fi rs t sig ht a pp a r e n tly r e p ugn a n t t o t h e la w

, ,

o f n um b e r ,
a n d n o m a th e m a t i c a l n o s p e c ul a t iv e r e a s o n i n g
, ,

wi ll e v e r s h o w h o w i t p o ss ib ly c an b e Yo u a re co n t e n t th e n .
, ,

t o r e c e iv e th a t i mp o rt a n t my s t e ry s hutt i n g y o ur e y e s t o i t s
“
,

di ffi c ult i e s ”
.

Fr o m s u c h s tat e m e n t s as th e s e w e a re t e mpt e d t o ask D o e s

, ,
,

a n y o n e b e l i e v e th i s do c t r i n e Me n a n d w o m e n m ay r e c e iv e
o r s i n g o r s ay c e rt a i n t h i n gs a b o ut G o d b e i n g thr e e G o d
“ ”
, ,

b e i n g b o r n G o d dy i n g & c b ut do e s an y r a t i o n a l a n d
“ ”
,
“ ”
,
.
,

i n t e ll ige n t p e r s o n b e l i e v e th e se th i n g s ? A r c h bi s h o p S e e k e r
sa y s L e t a n y pr o p o s i t i o n b e de l i v e r e d t o u s a s c o m i n g fro m
“
, ,

G o d o r fr o m m a n w e c a n b e l i e v e i t n o furth e r th a n w e u n de r
, ,

s t a n d it a n d th e r e fo r e if w e do n o t u n de r s t an d i t at a ll w e
, , ,

c a n n o t b e l i e v e i t a t a ll
”

“7e a re n o t i n c l i n e d t o b e l i e v e in th i s m o re e n l ig ht e n e d an d
—
,

r a t i o n al age in w h i c h m e n a re c o nj ur e d t o t h in k fo r th e m se l v e s
“

to
“
pr o v e a ll th i n gs t o b e fully p e r s u a de d in th e i r o wn m i n ds
”
,
“

”—
a d to
n
“
r e n de r a r e a s o n fo r t h e h o p e th a t is in th e m th a t th e y
a re l ik e ly t o s u bs c r ib e t o t h e s e n t i m e n t th a t ign o r an c e is t h e
“

m o th e r o f de v o t i o n o r th a t fa i th in th e s e my s t e r i e s o r c o n
”
,

t ra dic t io n s i s m o r e ac c e pt a b l e t o G o d th a n a r e a s o n ab l e s e r vi c e
“ ”
.

A dv o c a t e s o f r e l igi o n are n o w di s p o se d m o r e th an e v e r in , ,

c o mm e n di n g r e l igi o n t o dw e l l o n i t s s w e e t r e a so n a b l e n e ss
”
, ;
a n d th i s ,
a m o n g o th e r th i n gs wi ll c e rt a i n ly c o mp e l C hr is t i an
,

t e a c h e r s t o ge t rid o f t h e m o s t u n th i n k a b l e o r c o n tr a di c t o ry o f
a ll th e o l o gi c a l pr o p o si t i o n s —t h e do c tr i n e o f t h e T r i n i ty .

T H E TR I N I T Y A SO URCE O F M E N TAL CO NFUS I O N .

I T i s sai d th a t w h e n S t Aug u s t i n e w as w r i t i n g h is dis c o ur s e

.

o n t h e T r i n i ty h e s tr o ll e d b y t h e s e asi de in m e di t a t i o n
,
T he re .

h e s a w a c h i l d diggi n g a h o l e in t h e sa n d a n d th e n a tt e mpt i n g ,

t o fill i t wi th s e a w a t e r I n an s w e r t o t h e s tu de n t t h e c h i l d s a i d
.
,

h e i n t e n de d t o e mpty t h e g r e a t de e p I mp o s s ib l e ”
s ai d .
,

A u gus t i n e . N o t m o r e i mp o ss ib l e ”
sa i d t h e c h i l d th an fo r , ,

yo u t o e x pl a i n t h e T r i n i t y T h e se a re t h e ki n d o f t a l e s w h i c h
”
.

m e n t e ll t o s a v e th e m s e l ve s fr o m givi n g a n y e x p l a n a t i o n o f a
do c t rin e whi ch t h e y are t a u g ht t o say i s fun da m e n tal in re l igi o n .
 Appe n dix .
75

The la t e Ar c h bi s h o p S u mn e r in h is se rm o n o n T h e D uty
,

o f A c q u a i n t i n g O ur se l v e s wi th G o d s ay s H e r e h o w e ve r
”
, , ,

I a m s c a r c e ly l e ss fo i l e d th an b e fo r e i f I a tt e mpt t o fo rm t o
,

mys e lf a n y di s t i n c t i de a o f th i s m y s t e r i o u s G o dh e a d l am .

n o t ab l e t o c o mpr e h e n d ,
wi t h a n y c l e a r n e ss t h e u ni o n o f ,

P e r s o n a n d t h e di s t i n c t i o n o f P e r so n r e pr e se n t e d in S c r i ptu re
, ,
.

I a m a t a l o ss t o c o n c e iv e h o w t h e n a tur e o f G o d s h o ul d b e
i n c o rp o r a t e d wi t h th a t o f m a n in t h e i n c a r n a t i o n o f J e s u s
C hr i s t I c an n o t u n de r stan d t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e H o ly S p i r it
.

up o n t h e hum an h e a rt ; mu c h l e ss c an I e x pl a i n th a t o p e r a
ti o n in t h e e x t e n t a n d de g re e wh i c h S c r i ptur e as s e rt s a n d ,

s t i ll l e av e r o o m fo r t h e de v e l o p e m e n t o f i n divi du a l c h a r a c t e r ,

w h i c h t h e sa m e S c r i ptur e o b l ige s m e t o r e c o gn i s e A v e ry .

s h o rt i n q u i ry is s u ffi c i e n t t o c o n vi n c e m e th a t if I a m n o t t o
,

b e a t p e a c e t i ll I a m a c q u a i n t e d wi th G o d in a ll th e s e my s t e r i e s
o f h is n a tur e I mu s t s it do w n in de s p a i r ”
.
,

W e a re di s p o s e d t o a sk w h a t c o mm an d o r i nj u n c t i o n c o ul d
,

th i s dign i t a ry p o i n t o u t in t h e r e l igi o n o f C hr is t th a t m a de i t
, ,

i n c um b e n t o n h i m t o b e l i e v e in a u n i o n an d di s ti n c t i o n o f p e r s o n s
in t h e G o dh e a d th a t w as so p e rpl e xi n g ? W e h a v e r e fe rr e d t o
,

t h e c o n fe ss i o n o f D r . He y a T r i n i t a r i a n wh o sa y s o n t h e
, ,

T r i n i ty : My u n de r s t an di n g is i n v o l v e d in p e rpl e xi ty my c o n ,

c e p t io n s b e wi l de r e d in t h e th i c k e s t da r k n e s s I c o n fe s s a n d
.

pr o c l a i m my c o n fu s i o n in t h e m o s t u n e q u ivo c a l m an n e r ”
.

S i m i l ar is t h e l a n g u a g e o f t h e l e a r n e d J e r e my T a yl o r in a
—
,

se rm o n b e fo r e t h e U n i v e r si ty o f D u b l i n th a t if yo u go ab o u t
“
,

t o s p e a k o f an d t o u n de r s t a n d t h e my s t e r i o u s T r i n i ty a n d do
, , ,

i t b y w o r ds an d n am e s o f m an s i n v e n t i o n yo u wi ll in t h e e n d
’
,

fin d y o ur u n de rs t an di n g l ik e S t P e t e r s o n M o u n t T a b o r a t
’

t h e T ra n s figurat io n —
.
, ,

yo u m ay b u i l d thr e e t a b e r n ac l e s in y o ur
h e ad a n d t a l k s o m e th i ng b ut yo u wi ll k n o w n o t w h a t
, ,
”
.

W e o ffe r b ut o n e q u o t a t i o n m o r e ; t h e w o r ds are t h o s e o f
Bi s h o p Be v e r i dg e I c an n o t se t my s e lf t o th i n k o f t h e T r i n i ty ,

o r t o s c re w up my th o u g ht s a l i ttl e c o n c e r n i n g i t b u t I i mm e ,

dia t e ly l o s e my s e lf as in a tr a n c e o r e c s t a c y Ho w wi de ly
di ffe r e n t a re th e s e ass e rt i o n s fro m c e rt ai n o th e r s w h i c h w e a re ,

di s p o se d t o th i n k m o r e n e a rly a ppr o a c h t h e t ruth a n d t h e s im

pl i c i ty o f a re l igi o n w h i c h was l e ve l t o t h e u n de r s t an di n g o f “ t h e
c om m o n p e o pl e an d w h i c h t h e y h e a r d gladly O ur L o r d
”
76 Appen dix .

say s ,
The p oo r h av e t he G s p l pr
a c h e d t o t h e m an d i t is
o e e

n o t u c o m m o n n o w t o h e ar t h e w o rds T h e w a y fa r i n g m e n
“
n .
, ,
“
th o u gh fo o l s s h a l l n o t e rr th e r e i n
,
”
S u c h p a ssa g e s i mpl y .

th a t we h av e in C hr i s t i an i ty a re l igi o n th a t me e ts t h e
m e n t al c a p a c i t i e s an d t h e wan t s o f t h e l ab o u r e r an d
t h e a rt iz an D r P a rr t h e dis t i n g u is h e d s c h o l a r an d divi n e
. .
, ,

pl a c e s t h i s fa c t in it s pr o p e r lig h t w h e n h e say s
C hr i s t ian it y is a r e l igi o n i n t e n de d fo r ge n e r a l u s e : i t
a pp e a l s t o t h e c o mm o n fe e l i n g s o f o u r n a t u r e an d n e v e r ,

c la s h e s wi th t h e u n bi a ss e d di c t a t e s o f o u r r e as o n
.
W e m ay .

th e r e fo r e r an k it am o n g t h e b e n e fi c ial t e n de n c i e s a s we ll a s ,

t h e p e c ul i a r e vi de n c e s o f s u c h a r e l i gi o n t h at t h e A ut h o r o f i t
, ,

abs t ai n e d fr o m a ll a b s tru s e s p e c ul a ti o n s ”
E n dl e ss is t h e .

t e sti m o n y t h a t t h e C hr i s t i an r e l i gi o n is n o t a m a ss o f ri ddl e s
,

a n d m y st e ri e s but a si mpl e t h i n g i n t e ll igib l e t o t h e h umb l e s t

, ,

i n te l le c t .

W e h av e s e e n th at t h e do c t ri n e o f t h e T r i n it y is s a i d t o
p e rpl e x t h e u n de r s t an di n g b e wi l de r t h e m i n d ; w e can n o t
”

c o mpr e h e n d i t wh e n th i n ki n g o f i t I l o s e m y s e lf a s in
” “
; ,

a tr a n c e o r e c s t a y ; i t is st r a g e an d u n ac c o un tab l e ;
c
” “
n
”

“
it is t h e my s t e ry o f my s t e r i e s ; s e e m i n g ly i n c r e dib l e
”

“
i t c o n tr a di c ts o u r re a s o n ” “
it make s u s u se w o r ds wi th o u t
m e an i n g ”
S u c h are t h e e x c l a m a t i o n s o f l e arn e d a n d de v o ut
.

m e n wh o sa y th e y b e li e v e i t I s i t p o ssib l e w e a sk t h at th e y
.
, ,

a re c o n t e m pl a t i n g a do c t r i n e o f th a t G o s p e l w h i c h the po o r
“

h a d pr e a c h e d t o th e m an d t h e c o mm o n p e o pl e h e ard g l a dly
” “
,
”
,

w h e n t h e y t hu s s p e ak ? C e rt a i n ly n o t T h e s c h o o l m e n o f t h e .

C h u r c h h av e i n v e n t e d o r i mp o rt e d t h i s vi e w o f o ur h e av e n ly
, ,

F a th e r an d s o do n e a gr e a t i njury t o t h e re l igio n o f C hr is t ;
,

I t was in vi e w o f th is p e rpl e xi n g th e m e t h e T ri n i ty th a t D r , ,
.

W a tt s in h i s l as t day s e x pr e sse d h i m s e lf in h is S o l e m n A ddr e s s

, , ,

e m b arr a ss e d a n d b e wi l de r e d
“
t o G o d as ,

D e ar an d b l e ss e d G o d h ads t T h o u t o l d m e pl ai n l y in an y
,

s i n g l e t e xt t h at t h e F a th e r
, S o n a n d H o ly S p i ri t a re thr e e
, , ,

r e al disti n c t p e rs o n s in T hy divi n e n at ur e I h a d n e v e r su fie re d
'

my s e l f t o b e s o b e wi l de r e d in s o m an y do u b t s n o r e m b a rr a ss e d ,

wi t h s o man y s tr o n g fe a r s o f a sse n t i n g t o t h e m e r e i n ve n t i o n s o f
m e n i n s t e ad o f divi n e do c tr i n e ; b u t I s h o u l d h a v e h u m b ly
,

an d im m e diat e ly a c c e p t e d T hy w o r ds so far as it was p o s sib l e ,

 Appen dix .
77

fo r m e t o u n de s t a n d e ,
as t h e o n l r r le th m y u my f ith O
of a . r

h a ds t T o u b e e n h
e as e d so t o e x e ss a n d i n cpl pr lu d th i pr p i
e s o os

ti o n in t h e s e v e r al s c a tt e r e d p a r ts o f thy b o o o e nc e k fr m w h my
re as o n a n d my c o n s c i e n c e m ig h t wi th e as e fin d o u t a n d with ,

c e rt a i n t y i n fe r t h i s do c t r i n e I s h o u l d h av e j o y fully e mpl o y e d
, ,

a ll m y r e as o n i n g p o w e r s wi th t h e i r utm o st s ki ll a n d a c t ivi ty, ,

t o h av e fo u n d o u t t h is i n fe re n c e an d e n g r a ft e d it i n t o my s o ul ,

THE TR I H I N D RA N CE T O T HE S P R EA D O F
N I TY A
C H R I S T I AN I TY .

I T is w l l k w t th e wh
no t r up mis i ry w rk
n o o se o en e on s ona o

th t t h d tr i f t h T r i i ty pr t
a e oc ne o lm s t i s up r ab l
e n e se n s an a o n e e

di ffi ulty i t hc ff rt t
n m k e e v rt o f J w M h m ta s
o a e con e s o e s, a o e n ,

P r a s e e s , an d th r s AJ p o s e s i d W h at
.
“
t mp t
a an e e o nce a , a con e

y m
ou u t h v s f u d ar t a d ieg i f w
o xp t d t
o ur n e s n n e a re e ec e o

re c eiv i s tru t i l ik th is F iv t i m s d y t h M h m t
e n c on e
”
. e e a a e a o e an

re p ts Th r i
ea
“
,
G d b ut
e e G d s no ki d f pr t st
o o ne o ,
”
as a n o o e

ag i t t h th ry f a T r i u
a ns e eo D i ty T h w l l du t d
o ne e . e e e ca e

M ah m t t ll s t h C hr i t ia m i s i y t h t t h d tr i
o e an e e sf n s o n ar a e oc ne o

th eT r i i ty i n i th r i t h O ld T t m t
s ne e t h N w but i
n e es a en no r e e , s

an a ft r th u gh t g r a ft d up t h pr i m i t iv M
e -
o e th is t i r d on e e ono e c c ee

w h i h C hr i t h i m lf t u g ht
c s O f t h i t ll ig
se t H i d s th
a . e n e en n oo ,
e

la t R e R wl ev . d W i ll i m s (wh
o an m ad H i d myth l gy a o e n oo o o a .

s p i a l s tu dy ) i mp ll d t k w l dg th at C hr is t i i t y i
ec s co e e o ac no e e an , n

i t s pr va l t f rm e en v r wi t h g
o , r l c an t f th ne e n e e ne a a ss e n o e

O ri t a l m i d d th t ly t h i mpl r l igi u i d s d p
n an a on e s e e o s ea an
—
en ,
re

ce p t f t
s oh G p l t
e h F th rhos d f G
e d t h b r th rh d
e a e oo o o ,
e o e oo

f m t h gr
an , d eti m t s w h i h h rm i s wi th t h i tuitiv
an se n en c a on e e n

m r a l j u dgm t — x r is l g d l as t i g i flu c up n
o e

o en c an e e c e on an n n en e o

th H i de r
n oo ac e .

I a ddi t i
n t t h di ffi u lti
on wi t h M h m t
o e d P aga c it es a o e an s a n n s,

i s a r ly
s c ce y t r p t t h thr i t l d t l f t h ab lut
n e c e ss a r o e ea e ce- o a e o e so e

r pu g
e f t h J w t t h th
n an c e o y f thr f l d D i ty W
e e s o e eo r o a e e- o e . e

k w th r
no m
e e a re tr v r si l is t r k l s
so e ug h t
con y o e a s ec es e no o sa

th t t h J ws w r
a e e T ri i t ri s e e d m y b o nc e g i n a an an a e so a a n .

Thi w s t th
as vi w f Bis h p B v r i dg wh w r i t
no e e
“
o Th o e e e, o e s, e

J ws h av h d t h l aw b v t h r th u d y r
e e a e d tha o e ee o sa n e a s, an e
78 Appendix .

pr ph ts b v t w t h u d y
o e a o e y t t t h is d y th y ul d
o o sa n e ars , e o a e co

ne v r m k t h T r i i ty
e a e t i l f th i r f i th A d Bi h p
e n a n ar c e o e a
”
. n s o

Bl mfi l d y i r f r
oo e sa t s m wh h l d th t t h J ws
s, n e e e nc e o o e o o a e e

o nc e b l i v d i t h T r i i ty
e e e I n f th t I a m t pr p a r d
e n c o n e ss a no e e

t h ful l l g t h f th p i t i s I th i k i t i t h
“
t o g t o o e en o e se os on . n n e

h ig h s t d g pr b b l th t t h J w x p t d M siah wh
e e re e o a e a e e s e ec e a es o

w ul d b a s h r i t h divi
o e a tur b ut t
a er n w h s h ul d
e ne n e, no o ne o o

b q u a l wi t h G d
e e o

T h f ll wi g l i
e o oth mp i t i
n f a J w fully i llu tr t
n e s, e co os on o e ,
s a e

th is p si t i o on

Wh th u st was h t h E th i p i w h i t
en o c an e o an e,

G v r t h wi d o e giv t h
n m r l ig ht
e n s, o r e e su n o e ,

C u s b y thy w r d t h m u t i t r m v
a e o e o n a n o e o e,

C tr l t h on hurl t h b lt f J v
o e se as , o r e o s o o e,

T h h p (b ut t t i l l th ) t tur t h J w
en o e no en o n e e s

T C hr i t i d tr i
o s d t C hr i t i vi w
s an oc ne an o s an e s .

F C h ri ti f i th say s i
or s i thy g u i d
an a ,
c o n c e nc e s e,

Th J w f i k g i s t i t i ’ ’
e s, d d
o r c o n sc e n c e sa e, a n ec
e e .

O G d th u ne ll t T hr o d T hr o b ut O ; ca es e e , an ee ne

T h J ws k w l dg G d O
e e alac no e e o as ne o ne .

I t w ul d t b di ffi ult t fi l l p ag wi th t h t t i m y f m a y
o no e c o es e es on o n

l r d h i t i s d divi
e a ne s o r an th a t t h J w h v thr u g h ll
an n e s, e e s a e o a

a g s b l i v d d uph l d t h i mpl
e e e e an d b lut eu i ty f G d e s e an a so e n o o

as o ne p r T h y l y g t s tr
e so n . th e w rd aJ h v h re a e ss o n e o s,
“
e o a
“
o ur G d is o J h v h W h t h s w r ds
o ne e o r d i th i
a
”
. en e e o a re ea n e r

se r v s th y mph i th m b y r p t i t i
ic e e e as se C F arr r i e e e o ns . an o n a ,
n

E rly D y f C hr i t i i ty i vi d
a a s o f th M s th i m
an
”
,
n e enc e o e o no e s

o f t h J w giv s t h f ll wi g
e e s, th
e uth r i ty f B h t h
e o o n ,
on e a o o e rac o
“
T hu s r g r d M th is m w fi d th a t i r p t i g t h
,
as e a s o no e ,
e n n e ea n e

Sh ma e d i ly pr a y r
,
or H r O I sr l t h L rd
a e G d is
,
ea ,
ae ,
e o o ur o

o neG d (D ut vi o wh v pr l gs t h utt r
e . . f o so e er o on e e an c e o

t h w r d O N E ( h d)
e o h ll h v h i day s d y a r pr l g d
ec a ,
s a a e s an e s o on e

t o h i m T h r i si m i l vi d
”
. e eb y D r A d m C l a rk i
s ar e ence . a e n

hi s C mm t ry u d D ut r
“
o en a my vi 4 T h U i ty f G d
”
,
n er e e o no . . e n o o

i th
s fir t d g r t mm dm t f M
e s an ea d it is
co l an en o o se s , a n a so

th e fir s t d g r t mm a dm t f C h ris t D ur i g t h
an ea co n en o . n e

ea rl i t p r i d f C hr i t i h i t ry t h b l s t adv t
es e o o s f an s o e a e o ca es o

C hr is t ia i ty w r J wn A t t h pr s t t i m t h J wi s h r a i s
e e e s . e e en e e e ce
80 Appendix .

C re e d was t h e fa i th o f A p o s t o l i c time s I t i s a p u re l y U n i .

t arian cr e e d T h e N i c e n e Cr e e d was n o t r e ce iv e d i n t o t h e
.

C h urch un t i l t h e fo urth c e n tury T h e A th a n asian C r e e d m u c h

.
'

l a t e r T h e R e v W G i lp i n Pr e b e n dary o f S a l i s b u ry m a de a
. . .
, ,

s t at e m e n t s o m e y e a r s ago w h i c h fe w will b e i n cli n e d t o dis p u t e

,

T h e A p o s tl e s C r e e d w a s c o mp o s e d b e fo r e a ny o f t h e s u b tl e t i e s
’
.

o f t h e do c tr i n e o f t h e T ri n i ty w e re i n t ro du c e d w h i c h t e n d m o r e ,
.

t o c r e a t e a n i m o si ty th a n t o pr o m o t e p i e t y
”
An d at a .
,

C h urc h C o n g r e ss h e l d in P l ym o uth in 1 8 73 t h e R e v B W , , . . .

S avil e r e a d a p a p e r O n t h e A th an asi a n C r e e d in w h i c h h e
“ ”
,

sa y s W e are u n a b l e t o fin d a sig n o f any c re e d e a rl i e r th an

,
“

t h e c l o s e o f t h e s e c o n d c e n tu ry o th e r t h a n w h a t S c ri p tu re
“
,

re c o rds . T h e e a r li e s t i s in I r e nae us Adv H ae r , . .

I 2
. . T h e c r e e d o f t h e C h ur c h o f J e ru sa l e m a s it ,

a pp e a r s in t h e Li t u r g y o f S t J a m e s w h i c h may p o ssib ly b e as
.
,

o ld a s t h e s e c o n d c e n tu ry c o n t a i n e d o n l y t h e fo ll o wi n g w o r ds
,

I b e l i e v e in o n e G o d t h e F a th e r A lm ig hty M ak e r o f H e ave n ,

a n d E a rth a n d in o n e L o r d J e sus C hr is t t h e S o n o f G o d
’
, ,

M o s h e i m i s c e rt a i n l y in ac c o r d wi th th i s vi e w fo r h e w r i t e s o f , ,

t h e s e c o n d c e n t u ry Th e w h o l e C h ri s t ian s y st e m w a s s t i ll c o m
,
“
pr i se d in a fe w pr e c e pt s an d pr o p o si t i o n s n o r did t h e t e ac h e rs .

pu b l i c ly a dvan c e any do c tr i n e s b e si de s th o s e c o n t a i n e d in wh at
i s c a ll e d t h e A p o s tl e s C r e e d ’ ”
.

P r o fe s s o r S c h a ffs a y s ( H is t o ry o f t h e C re e ds o f
“

t h a t t h e A p o s tl e s C r e e d was c all e d b y A n t e N i c e ne fa th e rs
’ -
,

t h e rul e o f fai th ; t h e r ul e o f tr u t h t h e a p o s t o l i c tr a di
“ ” “ “

t i o n ; t h e a p o s t o l i c pr e ac h i n g ; t h e s ym b o l o f fa i th & c
” “ ” “ ”
, .

I t h as s ay s h e
“
t h e fr ag r a n c e o f an t iqui ty a n d t h e i n e s t i
,

m abl e w e ig ht o f u n iv e rs a l c o n s e n t ”
I t s do c tr i n e o f G o d i s.

s im p l y I b e l i e v e in G o d t h e Fa th e r Al m ig hty M ake r o f h e av e n
“
, ,

an d e arth a n d in J e s u s Ch ri st H is o n ly S o n o ur L o rd
“

T HE S U F F I C I E N CY O F T HE S C R I P T U RES A S A
R U LE O F FA I T H .

A M O NG P r t t a t C h u r h s w c sta tl y
o ur o es n d g l a dl y c e e on n an

h r th t t h b s t rul f f i th i s t h Bib l th a t t h S r i ptur

ea a e e e o a e e e c es .

t i ll t h at is
con a n a ssa y ss t i a l f
ne c e salvati r Th or e en o r o ur on . e
 Appendix . 81

h ist o ria n M o sh e im r e ma rk s As l o n g as t h e y (t h e S c ri p tur e s )

,
“

w e r e t h e o nl y rul e o f fai th re ligi o n p re s e r v e d it s n a t iv e p u r i ty ;

,

a n d in pr o p o rt i o n as th e i r de ci si o n s we r e e i th e r n e g l e c t e d o r ,

p o stp o n e d t o t h e i n v e n t i o n s o f m e n i t de g e n e rat e d fr o m it s
,

pr imi t iv e a n d divi n e si mpl i c it y

A rt i c l e s o f fa i th m a y b e divi de d i n t o th o s e w h i c h c an b e s t a t e d
in t h e v e ry w o r ds o f S c ri ptu re a n d th o s e w h i c h c a n n o t b e s o
,

s t a t e d T h e C hr i s t ian C h u r ch w o ul d s u ffe r n o l o s s but g r e a t

.

gai n b y r e m o vi n g fr o m i t s c re e ds an d ar t i c l e s all do c tr i n e s w h i c h
a re n o t c a p a bl e o f b e i n g e x pr e ss e d b y t h e w h o l e s o m e w o r ds o f
“

“
J e s u s Ch ri s t .
”
An d o n e g re a t o b s t a c l e t o C h r istian u n i o n
wo u l d b e at o n c e r e m o v e d if th i s w e r e do n e .

I f we a re a t a ll si n c e r e in o ur pr o fe ssi o n th at t h e fa i th an d
,

p rac t i c e o f pur e r e l igi o n are s uffi c i e n tly c l e ar in t h e S a cre d

Vo l um e a n d th a t o u r a pp e al fo r t h e fu n da m e n t al s o f r e ligi o n i s
t o the
“
l aw an d t h e t e s t i m o n y th a t o u r fa i th s h o ul d s t an d n o t
” “
,

in t h e wi s do m o f m e n bu t in t h e p o w e r o f G o d t h e n w e s h o u l d
,
”
,

stu di o u s ly a v o i d w o r ds an d phr as e s w h i c h h a v e n o e q u iva l e n t s

in t h e Bibl e . H e r e a ft e r pr o b a b ly m o r e a tt e n t i o n m ay b e p ai d t o
, ,

s u c h pr e c e pt s as t h e fo ll o wi n g in s p e aki n g o f t h e n a t u r e o f G o d
Ye s h a ll n o t a dd u n t o t h e w o r d w h i c h I c o mm a n d yo u n e i th e r ,

s h a ll ye di m i n i sh a u g ht fr o m i t th at ye m ay k e e p t h e c o m
,

m an dm e n t s o f t h e L o rd y o ur G o d w h i c h I c o m ma n d yo u th i s
day
I t i s a dm i tt e d o n a ll s i de s th at t h e O N E N E SS o f G o d i s a -

do c t r i n e o f t h e Bib l e in fa c t th e r e is n o do c tr i n e o f t h e S a c r e d
,

V o l u m e mo r e r e p e a t e dly an d e mph a t i c a l l y s t a t e d I t i s a ls o fran kl y

a dm i tt e d b y l e a r n e d T r i n i t arian divi n e s th a t t h e do c tr i n e o f t h e
t b re e — n ess o f G o d i s o n e o f i n fe r e n c e a n d de du c t i o n n o t o f di r e c t ,

o r c l e a r r e ve l a t i o n
.

T h o se p ass a ge s in t h e N e w T e s t ame n t in w h i c h t h e F at h e r i s
s t yl e d O N E o r O N LY G O D a re in n um b e r 1 7
, , .
,

T h o s e p a ss a ge s w h e re t h e F a th e r i s s tyl e d G O D a bso lu t e ly b y , ,

wa y o f e m in en ce a n d s up re ma cy are in n um b e r 3 2 0
, ,
.

T h o s e p a ss ag e s w h e re h e is s tyl e d G O D wit h p e c uliar h igh

t i tl e s a n d e p i th e t s o r a ttr ib u t e s a re in n um b e r 1 0 5
, ,
.

T h o s e p assag e s w h e r e i n i t i s de c l a r e d t h at a ll p ray ers an d

p rai s e s o u g ht t o b e o ffe r e d t o t h e F a th e r a re in n um b e r 9 0
, ,

P assage s wh e r e i n t h e S O N i s de cl a r e d p o s i t iv e ly an d b y t h e
,
8 2 Appen dix .

c l ar
e st i mpl i c a ti o n
e , to be s u bo rdin a t e t o t /z e Fa t /co r, de riv ing
J l is be ing f ro m Him g f ro m Hini l ns div in e p o w e r, a n d
re c e iv in
'

a c t in
g in a ll t /z ing s w li o lly a c co rding t o t ire w ill of t ire Fa t /z e r,
a re um b ab v 3
in n e r, o e 00 .

J s u s C hr i t i 8 5 t i m s all d t h S f M
e s s d 7 t im e c e e on o a n , an 0 es

ca ll d m i t h N w T t a m t
e a an n e e es en .

O f I3 6 p g i t h N w T s t m t w h r i t h w rd
2 assa es n e e e a en e e n e o

GO D i m ti d t
s f th m
en x pr ss s
o ne ,
sa r i ly
no o ne o e e e e ,
o r ne c e s

i mpl i a plur l i ty f p r s
e s, a o e o ns .

N wlt o h w the wi ll s t a d b y dr wi g a p a r a ll l
u s se e o e c ase n ,
a n e

o f l ik a uth r i ty fr m S r i ptur i fav ur f t h T r i i ty

e o o c e n o o e n .

T x t w h r i G d is s p k
e s, f e thr di t i t q u a l
e n o o en o as ee s nc e

p r e B i gs
so n s o r d y t b ut B i ge n p r — t ,
an e o ne e n or e so n no o ne .

T xts i wh i h G d i p k
e ,
n f th rc d y t b ut o s s o en o as ee an e o ne ,

b ut ff r di g a outh r i ty t th i p f ct q u l i ty
n no a i o as o e r er e e a a re n

u m b r — (I J h v
,

n e A d v
o ne th i s s li t ary
o is x
n . n e en o o ne e

c lu d d s pur i u s fr m t h R vi d V r i
e as o o e e se e s on .

T x t s i w h i h F th S
e n d H ly Gh t c m ti d a e r, o n, an o os a re en o ne ,

a re i um bn n (M tt xxviii A d th i t x t i w h lly
e r o ne a . . n s e s o

si l t as t t h r q u i si t di t i t i
en o f th i r p rf t
e e q u l i ty e s nc on o e e ec e a ,

an d p rf t u i ty e ec n .

I s i t t a lm t i r dib l th at i th i s a m a i g
no os d nc edl s s e ,
n z n an en e

con tr v r y o rly ll t h vi d
e s ,
w h i h i s di t d i t lli
ne a a e e ence c re c an n e

g ib l h ul d pp r t s t d
e s o s ida ly ? L ki g a t t h
ea o an o n o ne e on oo n e

a bs f t x t s i f v ur
e nc e o f t h d tr i e f t h T r i i ty
n da o o e oc ne o e n ,
an

h vi g
a g r d t t h u m b r d w ig ht f th
n re a o w h i h uph l d
e n e an e o o se c o

th U i t a r ia f i th s ur ly th s th t s m t giv m s l ight
e n n a ,
e o e a ee o e so e

s upp rt t T r i i t a r i d tr i m y b sai d s r ly t pp a
o o n an oc ne s a e ca ce o a e r

as du t i t h b l s n I pr f f th is w r p du a m i ty
e a an c e . n oo o e e ro ce o e

o f t h S r i pt u r l vi d c f
e c th U TY O F G O D
a e en e or e NI .

TYL E D GO D S O NE .

H ar O e ,
I s r a l " J h va h
e e o ,
o ur G o d, is O ne J he o va h .

D ut i 4
e
—Ki
. v . .

T h H ly O I s r ae l
“ ”
e o ne o f . 2 gs xixn . 22 .

I h v t a e no c o n c e ale d the w o r ds o f t he H lyo O ne

J o b vi
—Psalm l xxi
. IO .

0 th ou Ho ly O ne o f I s rae l ”
. . 22 .
 Appen dix . 83

J h va h s h ll b K i g v r ll t h
An d e rth i th a t d y
o a e n o e a e ea n a

s h ll th r b O
a J h v h d h i am O N E —
e e Z h xiv 9
e ne e o a ,
an s n e
”
. ec . . .

T h H ly O f I sra l i P l m l xxxix 8
“
e o Ki g ne o e s o ur n
” -
sa 1

f I r l —I
. . .

T h w r d f t h H ly O
”
e o v 4 o e o ne o s ae sa 2
—
. . . .

Gr t i s t h H ly O
ea f I r l I xi i 6 e o ne o s ae
”
. sa . . .

“
A t th t d y h a ll m l k t h i m k r
a ad hi y s h ll s a an oo o s a e an s e es a

f I r l —I
,

h v r p t t t h H ly O
a e es ec II 7 o e o ne o s ae
”
. sa . XV . .

A d th p m g m h ll r j i i t h H ly O
“
n e oor a f on en s a e o ce n e o ne o

I r l —I
s ae
”
xxix 9 . sa . . I .

H av w t ll O F at h r H th t O G d r at d
e e no a ne e a no ne o c e e
—Ma l i i
.

us . . IO .

“
Fo r thu s sa i th the Lo rd G o d, t h e H ly o O ne of I s rae l
l sa . xxx 1 .
5 .

“
th y l k t u t t h H ly O
Bu t e oof I s ra l i th r s k
no n o e o ne o e ne e ee

t h L r d —I
,
”
e o xxxi I . sa . . .

T w h m th wi ll y l ik shall I b q u l ? i th
“
o o m en e en e, or e e a sa

th H ly O
e o I I 5 ne
”
.
-
sa . X . 2 .

“
A d th u h lt r j i
n i t h L rd
o s d s h a l t g l ry i t h
a e o ce n e o an o n e

f I r l —I
,

H ly O o ne o xl i s ae
”
. sa . .

Th h ed f t h L r d h a th d
an th i d t h H ly O
o fe o o ne s, a n e o ne o

I r l h th r t d it —l
s ae a xli c ea e
”
. sa . . 20 .

“
F I m t h L r d thy G d t h H ly O
or a f I r l
e o o ,
e o ne o s ae

Isa x l iii 3
. . .

Th h eth h ll k w t h t I m t h L r d t h H ly O
ea en s a no a a e o ,
e o ne

f I s ra l ”
o E k xxxix 7
e .
-
z e . . .

“
A rt th u t fr m v rl a t i g O L r d my G d m i
o no H ly
o e e s n o o ne o
—
, ,

O ne H b k i
”
. a a . . 12 .

F I m G dor d a t m th H ly O i t h m i ds t f
o an no an e o ne n e o

th —H s a xi 9
,
”
ee o e

—M tt xxii i 9
. . .

O is y u F th r wh is i H v
ne o r a e o n ea en a . . .

A dJ u n i d u t h i m W h y a ll s t th u m g d ? T h
es s sa n o c e o e oo e re

th t i G d —M r k x 8
,

is no ne g d b ut O oo ne, a s o
”
. a . 1 .

I m t h L r d y ur H ly O
a e
—
th C r at r f I ra l y u
o o o ne ,
, e e o o s e ,
o r

Ki g n I
”
.x l i ii 5 sa . . 1 .

T hu ai th t h L r d t h H ly O f I ra l d h is M k r
—
s s e o , e o ne o s e an a e
,

I
sa xlv. . 1 1 .

R d m r th L rd f H s ts i s h i m th
“
A f s o r o ur e ee e e o o o na

f I s r a l —I
, s e, e

H ly O o ne o x l vi i 4 e
”
. sa . . .
84 Appendix .

saith t h e L o r d t h y R e de e me r t h e Ho l y O n e o f I s rae l
T hus
”—
, ,

I am t h e L o rd t hy G o d I sa xlviii 1 7 . . . .

An d J e sus a n s we re d h im t h e fir st o f a ll t h e c o m m an dm e n t s ,

i s H e a r O I sra e l 1 t h e L o rd o ur G o d i s O ne L o r d
,
”
.

Ma r k xi i 2 9 . .

“
An d t h e S c rib e sai d u n t o h i m W e ll M ast e r t h o u h a st sai d , , ,

t h e t r uth fo r t h e r e is O n e G o d an d t h e re is n o ne o t he r bu t he ”
.
,

Ma r k xii 3 2 . .

“
W e kn o w th e re i s n o ne o th e r G o d b ut O n e
1 C o r vii i 4 . . .

T o u s th e re i s bu t O n e G o d t h e F at h e r o f w h o m are all
” —
, ,

t h i n gs 1 Co r vii i 6 . . . .

N o w a m e dia t o r i s n o t a me diat o r o f o ne b ut G O D I S O N E ”
,

G al ii i 2 0 . . .

Fo r th e r e is O n e G o d a n d o n e M e diat o r b e tw e e n G o d a n d
—
,

m e n t h e Man C hr i s t J e s u s ”
1 Ti m i i 5
”—
. . . .
,

O n e G o d a n d F a th e r o f a ll wh o i s a b o v e a ll E ph i v 6 . . . .

T h o u b e l i e v e s t th e re i s O n e G o d th o u do e st w e ll ,
”
.

J ame s i i 1 9 . .

I t m u s t b e e vi de n t t o e ve ry p e rs o n fro m t h e fo r e go i n g ,

p assage s as w e ll as fro m s o m e o f t h e fo ll o wi n g t e x t s th at
, ,

G o d t h e Fat h e r in c o n t ra disti n c t i o n t o J e sus C h ri s t i s t h e o n e

,
-
, ,

o nl y a lo n e u n e q u a lle d an d t ru e G o d
, ,
J e su s C hr ist in s o l e mn
,
.

p ra ye r t o h is F a th e r sai d ,
“
T h is i s li fe e t e r n a l t h at t h e y m ay kn o w T HEE T HE O N LY
T R U E G O D an d J e s u s C h r ist w h o m th o u h as t s e n t —
, ,

,
”
J o hn .

xv u 3 . .

“
An d He z e ki ah p ray e d b e fo re t h e L o r d an d s a i d O L o r d G o d
th o u art t h e G o d e v e n t h o u a l o n e —2 Ki n gs
,

of I s r ae l ,
”
.

xix 1 5
. .

“
T h a t m e n m ay kn o w t h at t h o u w h o s e n a m e a lo n e is
” —
,

J e h o vah a r t t h e m o s t h ig h o ve r a ll t h e e a rth P sa lm l xxxiii 1 8

,
.
~
. .

“
Fo r t h o u art g r e a t a n d do e st w o n dr o u s t h i n g s th o u a rt G o d
” —
alo ne P salm lxxxvi 1 0
”—
. . .

T h o u s h a l t h av e n o n e o th e r G o ds bu t m e Ex o du s xx 3
”—
. . .

T h o u a rt J e h o vah e v e n th o u o iz ly I sa xxxvi i 2 0
,
f . . . .

I am t h e L o r d a n d t h e re is n o n e e l s e th e re is n o G o d
” —
, ,

b e si de m e I s a xlv 5 . . . .

“
U n t o th e e it was sh o we d th at t h o u migh te st kno w th at t h e ,
 Appendix . 85

L o rd be t h e r e i s n o n e e l s e b e si de h im
is God De ut iv 3 5 ”
.
— . . .

He i s G o d in H e ave n ab o ve an d u p o n t h e e arth b e n e at h
” —
,

th e r e i s n o n e e l se D e u t i v 3 9 . . . .

S e e n o w t h at I e v e n I am h e a n d th e r e is n o G o d with m e
, , ,

De u t xxxi i 3 9
. . .

Fo r wh o in t h e He av e n c an b e c o mp are d u n t o J e h o va h
P sa lm l xxxix 6 . .

“
Fo r J e h o va h y o ur G o d i s G o d o f g o ds an d L o rd o f l o rds
, ,

De ut x 1 7 . . .

W h e re fo r e t h o u art g r e at 0 L o r d G o d fo r t h e re is n o n e
l ike th e e n e ith e r is t he r e any G o d b e si de t h e e —2 S am vi i 2 2
,

.
, . .

T o w h o m t h e n wil l ye li k e n G o d ?o r w h at l ik e n e s s wi ll ye
co mp a r e u n t o h im ” —I sa x1 1 8 . . .

T o w h o m wi l l ye lik e n m e a n d m ak e m e e q ua l a n d c o m p a r e
m e th a t w e ma y b e lik e
,
”
I sa x l vi 5 .
— ,

. . .
,

“
I am G o d an d th e r e i s n o n e e ls e I am G o d and t h e r e i s
n o n e lik e m e
”
I sa xlvi 9 — . . . .
,

T h e re i s n o n e like un t o t h e e O J e h o vah th e re i s n o n e
like u n t o th e e ”
Je r x 6 7 — . . .
, .
,

“
M y Fa th e r s ai d Ch rist wh o gave th e m m e i s GR E AT ER
”

T H AN A LL ”
J 0h n x 2 9 .
— ,

. .
,

“
I go u n t o t h e F a th e r : fo r m y F AT H E R I S G R E AT E R T H AN
”—
I J o h n xiv 2 8
. . .

The pr ece d n p as
age s de m o n strat e t h at n o o n e e it h e r in
i g s ,

h e av e n ab o v e o r o n t h e e art h b e n e a th mu s t b e c o m p a r e d t o G o d , ,

as e q u a l wi th H im T h e c o n c lu di n g p a ssa g e s o f th i s
.

s e c t i o n o f o ur a r gum e n t r e pr e s e n t G o d s p e ak i n g o f h i m s e l f an d ,

b e i n g s p o k e n o f in t h e st r ic t e s t s e n s e o f o n e n ess
,
T h e last fe w .

p as sage s s h o w t h at J e sus C hr ist i s n o t i n c lude d in t h e s c r i ptur e

i de a o f G o d .

“
An d G o d sai d u n t o M o s e s I am th at I am ” -Ex iii 14
” —
. . . .
,

I a m t h e A lm ig hty G o d G e n xvii 1 . . . .

I a m J e h o vah thy G o d ”
Ex xx 2 -

”—
. . . .

S e e n o w t h a t I e v e n I am h e D e ut xxxi i 3 9
, , . . . .

Ye t 1 a m J e h o va h thy G o d fr o m t h e lan d o f E gyp t an d t h o u

”—
, ,

s h a lt kn o w n o G o d bu t m e Ho s xi ii 4 . . . .

N o w wi ll 1 ris e sai th J e h o vah ; n o w w i l l I lift u p m y s e l f

,

I sa xxxiii I o
. . .
86 Appendix .

1 fo rm
l ig ht d r t d rk s ; I m k p a
the d an c ea e a ne s a e e c e, an

r t vi l ; 1 J h va h d ll th s th i g —I x l v 7
,

c ea e e e o o a e e n s sa . . .

“
A m I a G d t h d sai th J h v h o d t G d f
a an e o a an no a o a ar

rth —J xxi i i 3 4
, ,

D t I fill h v ”
o ff do no ea e n an ea . er . . 2 ,
2 .

“
Bl s d b t hes e J h v h G d f I r a l f th r f v
e ou, d e o a o o s e o ur a e ,
or e e r an

e v r Th i O J h vah i s t h g r t
e . n e, nd t h p w ; e o ,
e e a n e ss a e o er

t hi i s t h ki g d m O J h v h
ne e d th n a r t x lt d b v o e o a an ou e a e a o e

ll — C hr
, ,

a
”
. xxix
I II on . . 10, .

“
F th r ( i d J s u s ) t h h ur i s m ; gl r ify t hy S th t
a e ,
sa e e o co e o o n, a

t hy S l m y g l r ify t h as t h h a t giv h i m p w
o n a so a o e e, ou s en o er

o v r a ll fl h —J h xvii
e es
”
. o n . 1, 2 .

G d h t h m d th t s m J s u wh m y h th ru i fi d
“
o a a e a a e e s, o e a c c e

b th L r d d C hr i t —A t s i i 3 6
o o an s
”
c
— C i ii 3
. . .

Y C hr is t s
e a re d C hr i t i G d ’
,
an s s o 5 1 or . . 2 .

Th h d f v y m
e ea i C hr i t o d t h h d f C hr i t
e er an s s an e ea o s

is God —I Co r .
3 xi . .

G o d,v e n thy e h a th a n o i n t e d t hee J e s u s C hr i s t ) wi th

God
” —
t h e O il o f g l a dn e ss a b o v e thy fe ll o w s He b i 9 . . . .

T h e L O R D G O D A L M I G HT Y a n d t h e L a m b a re t h e t e mpl e
“

—R e v xxi 2 2
, ,
”
o f it . . . .

N o w u n t o t h e K i n g e t e r n a l i mm o rt a l i n vi s ib l e t h e O N LY
“

W I S E G O D b e h o n o u r a n d g l o ry fo r e v e r a n d e v e r —I Ti m i 1 7
, , ,
”
. . . .
,

THE H O LY S P I R I T .

A S G o d, o ur e av e n a e r, i s T H
F TE
I N INI S PI R I T wh o ly F th HE
fill p tm l th t mu t
s all s a c e a n d i e , w e a re i n c i n e d t o i n k i s b e an
ly ffi ult t
e x c e e di n g di c l pr f
a s k t o fin d in t h e Bib e th
o o s o f an o er

fi t prt “
th r p r r ty
I n n i e S i i , t h e i d e so n in t h e T i n i ”
h
I t m ay a v e b e e n .

so m u h th u ht th h
e s c o g as J r my yl r
i s w i c h le d e e Ta o rW o ks , ”

“
h t
xi ii 1 4 3 ) t o say, T a t h e o
. H ly Gh t os h r
is G o d, is n o w e e
ai d i S r i ptur T h t t h H ly Gh s t i s t b i v td i '

s n c e . a e o o o e n oca e ,
s

no wh r mm a d d ;
e e co
y x mpl f it b i g d n e n o r an e a e o s e n o ne

r r d d T h r is th i g m r vi d t i t h w r i t i g f
eco e
”
. e e no n o e e en ,
n e n s o
'

wh t a ll d t h a t N i
a re ca f th r s th
e th f t th t e n e- c e ne a e ,
an e ac a

Ire na
e u O r ig T rtull i
s, A th g r as &
e n, & n v e an , e na o ,
c . c .
, e er

th u ght f t h e H ly Gh t
o o q u l t t h F a th o I th N w os as e a o e er . n e e

T s t am t t h H ly S p i r i t i s s p o k e n f as s e n t b y t h F a th e
e en e o o e r, .
 88 Appendix .

My S p i rit sh all n o t alwa y s st r iv e with man (i e I wi l l n o t

—G e n vi 3
. .

a l w a y s s tr i v e wit h m an ) . . . .

“
Ho l y m e n o f G o d s p ak e as th e y w e re m o ve d b y t h e H o l y
Gh o s t (i e b y G o d )—2 Pe t i 2 1
. . . . . .

I n re a di ng t h e S c r i p ture s we find t h at all t h e s e w o rks as c rib e d

t o t h e Spirit a re a l s o sai d t o b e do n e b y t h e Po w e r Un de r ,

s t a n ding ,
W o rd Ha nd Fing e r an d Bre a t h o f G o d ; c an any
, ,

p e r s o n s e r i o us ly b e li e v e t h e s e to b e di s ti n c t p e rs o n ali t i e s in t h e
G o dh e ad ?Do t h e y n o t s i mply m e an G o d h ims e lf
W e a ls o p e rc e ive t h at in t h e Bib l e “
t h e Spirit of G o d ,

f r e que n tl y s ign ifi e s h o ly influ e n ce s t reng t h c o mf o rt t ru t h , , , ,

m ira c u lo u s po we r & c & c wh ich G o d is sai d t o se n d g iv e

,
.
,
.
, , ,

p o u r o u t shed f o rt h bap t iz e w it h an d a n o in t wit h T h e fo l

, , ,
.

lo wi n g p a s sag e s c l e a rl y s u stai n t h i s vi e w
T h o u g a v e s t al s o t hy G o o d Spirit t o i n struct t h e m
“

N eh i x 20
. . .

I wi ll po u r o u t My Spirit u p o n all fle s h an d y o ur s o ns an d
yo ur daugh t e rs s h all p ro ph e s y y o ur o ld m e n sh a ll dre am
dr e a ms y o ur y o u n g m e n sh all s e e vi si o n s
,
Jo el ii 2 8
,

— . .

“
An d t h e s p irit o f t h e L o rd sh all r e st u p o n him t h e Sp irit ,

of w is do m an d u n de rstan di n g t h e Sp irit of h n o w le dg e a n d t h e

fe ar o f t h e L o rd —I s a xi 2
,

. . .

“
W o u l d G o d th at all J e h o va h s p e o p l e w e r e p ro p h e ts a n d ’
,
“
th a t J e h o v ah w o ul d p u h is Spirit u p o n th e m (i e gi ve th e m
t ”

w i s do m o f s p e e c h ) —N u m b xi 2 9
. .
,

. . . .

“
An d t h e S p i rit o f t h e L o rd c am e migh til y u p o n h im (S am
s o n ) a n d h e r e n t t h e li o n a s h e w o u l d a k id
”
(i e G o d gave
h im s tr e n g th ) —
. .
,

. J u dge s xiv 6 . .

T h e S p i ri t o f t h e L o r d ca m e u p o n G i de o n a n d h e b l e w a
“

”—
,
“
t r u mp e t an d Abi e z e r was gat h e re d aft e r him Ju dge s vi 3 4 . . .

T h e Spirit of t h e L o rd i s u p o n m e b e c a u s e h e h a t h a n o in t e d ,

m e t o pr e a c h t h e g o s p e l t o t h e p o o r ; an d h a th s e n t m e t o h e a l
t h e b ro k e n h e art e d t o pr e a c h de l iv e ran c e t o t h e ca pt iv e s a n d
“
, ,

t h e r e c o v e r i n g o f sig h t t o t h e bli n d t o s e t a t l ib e rty th e m th a t

“

a re b r ui se d —
,

Luke iv 1 8 . .

“
He w h o m G o d h a th s e n t s p e ak e th t h e w o r ds o f G o d ; fo r
G o d gi v et h n o t t h e Spirit b y m e a su r e u n t o h im J n i ii 3 4 — . . .

with Po we r ” —
G o d a n o in t e d J e s u s o f N az a re th wi t h t h e Ho ly Spirit a n d
Acts x 3 8
. . .
 Appendix . 89

I f ye th e n b e i n g e vi l kn o w h o w t o giv e go o d gi ft s u n t o y o ur
, ,

c h i l dr e n h o w mu c h m o r e s h all y o u r h e av e n ly Fa th e r gi v e t h e

Ho ly Sp irit t o th e m th at ask h im —
,

L u k e xi I 3 . .

N o w we h a ve r e c e iv e d n o t t h e S p i r it o f t h e w o r l d b u t t h e , ,

S p i r i t w h i c h is o f G o d ; th a t we m ig h t k n o w t h e t h i n gs t h at
a re fr e e ly giv e n t o us o f G o d —I Co r i i 1 2 . . .

I wi ll pr a y t h e F a t h e r an d h e s h a ll g iv e yo u an o t h e r Co m ,

f o rt e r th a t h e m ay abi de wi th yo u fo r e v e r e ve n t h e Spirit
“

—J o h n xiv I 6 1 7
, ,

of Tr u t h . .

“
W h e n t h e C o m fo r t e r is c o m e w h o m I wi ll se n d u n t o yo u ,

fr o m t h e F a th e r e ve n t h e Spirit of Tru t h w h i c h p ro cee de t h

fr o m t h e Fa th e r —J o h n xv 2 6
,

. .

“
H o wb e i t w h e n h e t h e Spirit of Tru t h is co me h e wi ll
g u i de yo u i n t o a ll tru t h —J o h n xvi I 3
, , , ,

. .

N 0 o n e n e e d wo n de r th a t t h e i n flu e n c e o f t h e H o l y S p i r i t i s
s p o k e n o f o c c as i o n a lly as a p e r so n w h e n th e y k n o w th a t S in , ,

De a t h Wisdo m an d Ch a rity t h o ug h i n a n i m a t e th i n gs an d q ua l i
, , ,

ti e s are o ft e n so s p o ke n o f
, .

T H E D E I TY
J ES US C HR I ST O F .

T HE ly s ur f a uth r i ty th a t
on b tru s t d
o ce o g r av o c an e e on so e
‘

a qu t i es th t f t h D i ty f C hr i t i t h N w T t am t
o n as a o e e o s ,
s e e es en .

W f i l t di
e v r
a y vi d o ,f C hr i t s b i g A lm ig hty
sc o e an e enc e o s
’
e n

G d b ut w d fi d v y mu h t
o ,
e th ot r ry i t h S r d
n er c o e con a ,
n e ac e

V lu m W
o te l i th is p si t i T h p i t w h av
e are n o a o ne n o on e o n e e

i vi w i i mply th i —th t m y m i
. .

n e s s t T r i i t r i s dis t i tly
s a an e ne n n a an nc

a dm i t t h t L rd at a u g h t h is dis i p l s du r i g h i s
o ur o n ev er c e , n

m i is t ry th t h was G d A d th agai w h av a th
n ,
a e o . n e n, n, e e no er

l s f uth r i t i s q u a lly r t h d x wh s h w th at t h p i tl
c as o a o e ,
e o o o ,
o o e e s es

d o not pr mul gat y w d tr i

o ab ut t h p r e f C hr is t
an ne oc ne o e e so n o
,

no t f u d i th G sp ls
o n If r ligi h t b r t h t mp
n e o e . o ur e on as o ea e s a

of E “
g li l w v anmu st l t it st e ca th t at m t s f
”
, e e re on e s e en o

C hr is t r r d d b y t h Ev g lists W m y i t ag i
as e co e e an e . e a c e a n

D B r t D i u rs f t h T i ity h vi ii p
. e nne wh
sc o y eo e r n
”
,
c . . . o sa s

D ur i g t h t im n f S avi ur m i i try t h di i pl
e e odid o ur o
’
s n s ,
e sc es

t b li v h w
no a y th i g m r t h a
e e e m r m
e as du t d n n o e n a e e an , c o n c e

d as i t d b y t h S p irit f G d ; n d T h r i s
an s s e
“
t i e ll o o
”
a e e no n a

C
90 Appendix .

“
t he N ew T e s t a m e n t o n e p as sage w h i c h i mpl i e s t h a t t h e
di s c i pl e s dur i n g h i s m i n ist ry b e l i e v e d him t o h a v e h a d a n y
divi n e n a tur e ”

Bis h o p Bur g e ss P l a i n A r g um e n t fo r t h e D ivi n i ty o f C hr i s t

a dm i t s T h e a p o s tl e s a pp e a r n o t t o h ave kn o w n th a t C hr is t
,
“

w as G o d t i l l a ft e r h i s r e s urr e c t i o n a n d asce n si o n ”
.

T h e l a t e A r c h bi s h o p o f C a n t e r b ury Dr L o n g l e y m ak e s t h e
,
.
,

fo ll o wi n g a dm is s i o n in T h e Br o th e r s C o n tr o v e r s y
“ ” ’
T he
“
l i ttl e i mpr e ss i o n w h i c h o ur S avi o u r s m i ra c l e s made up o n t h e
’

a p o s tl e s a n d t h e wav e r i n g a n d u n s e t t l e d c o n vi c t i o n o f th e i r
,

m i n ds a s t o h i s b e i n g t h e M e ssi a h a ft e r a ll is e v i de n t fr o m m an y
,

p a s sag e s ” “
T h e o bj e c t i o n yo u h a v e m a de a g a i n s t
t h e do c t ri n e o f C hr i s t s divi n e n a tur e fr o m it s n o t b e i n g dw e lt
“ ’
,

up o n in t h e A c t s o f t h e A p o s t l e s h as o ft e n pr e se n t e d i t se lf t o
,

me ”
. I t w o ul d b e n o di ffi c ul t t as k t o a dd furth e r t e s t i m o n y fr o m ,

T r i n i t a r i an s th e m s e l v e s th a t in t h e fir s t fiv e b o o ks o f t h e N e w
,

T e s t a m e n t th e r e is a de fi c i e n c y o f e vi de n c e o f C hr i s t b e i n g G o d
, .

T h e l a t e Bi s h o p H a mp de n w r o t e Ba mpt o n L e c tur e ”
,

pp 3 74
.
“
N o o n e p e rh a p s wi ll m a i n t ai n th a t th e r e is an y
n e w t ruth o f C hr i s t ian i ty s e t fo rt h in t h e E p is tl e s a n y truth ,

I m e a n w h i c h do e s n o t p re s upp o se t h e w h o l e truth o f
,
-

hum a n sa l va t i o n b y J e s u s C hr i s t a s a lr e a dy de t e rm i n e d an d
c o mpl e t e G T o wn s e n d b e a r s si m i l a r t e s t i m o n y in say i n g
”
. .
,

( N e w T e s t a m e n t A rr an g e d v o l i i W e m u s t n o t r e ga r d
“
. .

the E p i s tl e s as c o mmu n i c a t i o n s o f r e l igi o u s do c t ri n e n o t

di s c l o se d b e fo r e a s di s pl a y i n g t h e p e rfe c t i o n o f a s y s t e m o f
,

w h i c h m e re ly t h e ru de e l e m e n ts h a d b e e n i n du c t e d in t h e
w r i t i n gs o f t h e fo ur Evan g e l i s t s
W e are p e r s u a de d th a t th e r e is n o pr o p o s i t i o n ca p a bl e o f s u c ln
a bu n dan t a n d c l e ar p ro o f fro m t h e N e w T e s t a m e n t a s th i s th a t ,

C h ris t is n o t G o d W e kn o w t h e q u e s t i o n m ay b e pr o p o s e d t o
.
.

us ,
I f C hr i s t i s n o t a D e i ty w h a t i s He
,
?”
Gr e a t div e rge n c e o f
o p i n i o n p re vai l s o n th i s s u bj e c t b ut i t is n o t n e c e ssa ry t o s e ttl e
i t a t pr ese n t w h i l s t we are de a l i n g wi th w h a t is r ea lly t h e fu n da
,

m e n t a l pr ac t i c a l do c t r i n e v iz th a t t h e F a th e r a lo n e 15 t h e
, .
,

S upr e m e D e i ty a n d t h e s o l e o bj e c t o f C h ris t i a n w o r sh i p .

PR O O FS T H AT C H R I S T W AS N O T G O D
—e
.

Be ca use Ch ris t m ost c le a r ly sh o w e d h e wa s no t God Th

 Appen dix .
9I

J ews wh o w e r e s e e ki n g a c h a r g e a g a i n s t h im s a i d h e ma de h i m
—
,

s e lf G o d C hr i s t i mm e di a t e ly r e fut e d t h e fa l se h o o d J e sus
” “
,

a n s w e r e d th e m i s i t n o t w r i tt e n in y o ur l aw I s a i d Ye are g o ds
“
, ,

i f h e c a ll e d th e m go ds u n t o w h o m t h e w o r d o f G o d c a m e a n d ,

t h e s c r i ptur e c an n o t b e b r o k e n s a y ye o f h im w h o m t h e F a th e r ,

h a th san c t i fi e d an d s e n t i n t o t h e w o rl d T h o u b l a s ph e m e s t ;
”—
,

b e c a u s e I s a i d I am t h e S o n o f G o d , J n x 3 4 3 6 He w h o m . . .
,
.

C hr i s t a ddr e ss e d in pr a y e r h e a ddr e ss e d a s T HE O N LY T R U E
God —
,

J n xvi i 3 He c a m e fr o m G o d a n d w e n t t o G o d ”

—J n xiii 3 I c a m e o u t fr o m G o d —J n xvi 2 7
. . . .
,

. . . An d . . .

J e s u s s a i d u n t o h i m W h y c a ll e s t th o u m e go o d ? th e r e is n o n e
g o o d b ut o n e th a t is G o d —M a r k x 1 8
,

,
An d a b o ut t h e
,
. .

n i n th h o ur J e s u s c r i e d wi t h a l o u d v o i c e sa y i n g E l i E l i l a m a , , , , ,

sa b a c hth a n i th a t is t o say My G o d my G o d w hy h a s t th o u
” —
, , ,

fo r sake n m e M a tt xxvi i 46 J e s u s sa i th u n t o h e r T o u c h
“
. . .
,

m e n o t fo r I a m n o t ye t a s c e n de d u n t o my F a th e r b ut go t o
my b r e thr e n an d say u n t o th e m I as c e n d u n t o my F a th e r an d
,

yo ur F a th e r an d t o my G o d an d y o u r G o d —J n xx 1 7
,

. . .

Be c a u se t h e N e w Tes t a m e n t in n u m e ro u s pa ss ag es de cla re s t h a t
G o d is t h e G o d a nd Fa t h e r of 7csus Ch ris t —“
The God an d

F th r f L r d J u s C hr i t w h i h is b l ss d f v rm r
a e o o ur o es s c e e or e e o e,
— C xi 3
,

k w th th a t I li
no e t Bl e nod b th G d 2 or . . 1 .
“
e s se e e o

an d F th r f a L r d J u C hr i t wh h th b l t
e o o ur owi th es s s o a es us

i C hr i t —E ph i 3
,

a ll s p i r i tu a l b l ssi gs i h av ly pl e n n e en ac e s n s . . .

Th t th G d f
a e L r d J u C hr i t t h F th r f g l ry
o o o ur o es s s e a e o o

p i r i t f w i d m —E ph i 7 T h t
, ,

m y giv u t y
a e th n o ou e s o s o . . 1 . a

y m y wi th
e a mi d d m uth g l r i fy G d v t h
o ne n an o ne o o o e en e

L r d J u C hr i t —R m xv 6
, , ,

F th r fa e o o ur o Bl d bes s s o . . . e ss e e

th G d e d F th r f
o an L r d J u s C hr i t w h i h
a e di g
o o ur o es s ,
c ac c o r n

t oh i s ab u d t m r y h a th b g tt n an g i u t l iv ly
e c e o en us a a n n o a e

h p b y t h r su rr t i
o e ef J u s C hr i t f m t h d d
e ec on o es s ro e ea
”

1 Pe t i 3 . . .

Be ca u s e t he S c rip t u res t e a ch us t h e re is bu t O N E G O D an d in
t he s a me s e n t e n ce a fi rm tha t Ch ris t is not that God To us
“
th r i b ut
e e G d t h F th r f w h m
s o ne ll th i g dw
o e a e o o a re a n s, an e

L r d J u s C hr i t — C
,

i him ;
n d an vi ii 6
o ne F o es s I or . . .
“
or

th r i e e G d d
s o ne m di t r b t w G d d m t h
o an o ne e a o e een o an e n, e

m C hr i s t J s u s — Ti m
an 5 O L rd e F i th 1 2, ne o o ne a o ne

f a ll —E ph iv 5 6
. .
, ,

Ba pt is m G d d Fat h
, o ne o an er o . .
,
.
 92 App endix .

Be ca use t he S c ript u res t e st ify t h a t 7es as g re w a n d in c rease d in

a v o u r w it h G o d H w o u ld h e t h e n be G o d A nd J e sus
f o c .

“
i n c r e as e d in wi s do m an d stat ur e an d in fav o ur wi th G o d an d ‘

—
,

man L uke i i 5 2 “
An d t h e c h i l d (J e su s ) g r e w a n d w a x e d
. .

s t ro n g in s p i r i t fill e d wi t h wis do m an d t h e g r a c e o f G o d wa s

u p o n h im —Luk e i i 40
,

. .

Be ca u se t h e h ig h n a me s a n d ofi ces a n d g re a t n e ss of Ch ris t , , ,

a re sa id t o be g iv e n t o h im by G o d W h e r e fo r e G o d a ls o h a th .

h igh ly e xa lt e d h i m an d give n h i m a n am e w h i c h is ab o ve e ve ry
—
,

n am e P h i l i pp i an s i i 9 Fo r i t p l e a se d t h e F a th e r th a t in
“

—
. .

h im s h o ul d a ll ful n e ss dw e ll T h e re fo r e le t a ll
“
Co l i 1 9 . . .

t h e h o u s e o f I s r a e l k n o w a ss ur e dly th a t G o d h a th m a de th a t
“
,

sa m e J e s u s w h o m
ye h a th c ru c i fi e d b o th L o r d a n d C h r i s t ,

Ac t s i i 36 . T h e G o d o f Ab r a h a m a n d o f I sa ac a n d o f J a c o b ;
.
, ,

t h e G o d o f o u r fa th e r s h a t h g l o r i fi e d h is S o n J e sus
“

A c t s i ii 1 3 Him h at h G o d e x a lt e d wi th h is righ t h and t o b e

—A c t s v 3 1
. .

a P ri n c e a n d a S avi o ur . .

Be ca u se t h e N e w Te st a me n t t e a ches t h a t a ll po we r a n d a u t h o rity
p o s sessed by Ch rist w e re g iv e n t o h im by G o d T h e n an sw e r e d
J e s u s a n d sa i d u n t o th e m Ve r i ly v e r i ly I say u n t o yo u t h e , , , ,

S o n c an do n o t h i n g o f h i m s e lf b ut w h a t h e s e e th t h e Fa th e r
—
,

do Jn v i 9 I c an o f m i n e o wn s e l f do n o th i n g
. .
‘

.
”
.

J n v 30
. . An d (G o d) h a th pu t a ll th i n gs u n de r h is fe e t a n d
.
,
“
ga v e h i m t o b e t h e h e a d o v e r a ll th i n gs t o t h e C hur c h
i

E ph i 2 2 “
Fo r t h o u g h h e w a s c ru c i fi e d thr o u gh w e a k n e ss
—
. . .
,

y e t h e l iv e t h b y t h e p o w e r o f G o d 2 Co r xi i i 4 I h av e . . .

p o we r t o l ay i t (h is l i fe ) do wn a n d I h a ve p o we r t o tak e i t ,

a g ai n T h is c o m m an dm e n t h a ve I r e c e iv e d o f my F ath e r
.

J o hn x 1 8 . .

Be c a u se yesu s Ch ris t s ay s h e is inf e rio r a n d s u bo rdin a t e t o t h e

Fa t h e r M y F a th e r i s g r e a t e r t h an I —J n xiv 2 8
. T o si t . . .

o n m y r ig ht h a n d a n d o n my l e ft i s n o t m i n e t o giv e b ut i t
“
, ,

s h a ll b e giv e n t o th e m fo r w h o m i t i s pr e p a r e d o f my F a th e r
”
.
,

M a t t xx 2 3.
“
Bu t o f th a t day a n d th a t h o u r (o f j u dgm e n t )
. .

“
k n o w e th n O m an n o n o t t h e a n ge l s w h i c h a re in h e av e n
”—
, , ,

n e i th e r t h e S o n b u t t h e Fa th e r M a r k xii i 3 2 My Fa th e r
is g r e a t e r t h an a ll —J n x 2 9
. . .
,

—
. . .

Bec a u se Ch ris t w o rshippe d a n d pray ed t o G o d “

J e sus we n t
o u t i n t o a m o u n tai n t o p r a y a n d c o n t i n u e d a ll n ig h t in p ra y e r ,
 Appendix .
93

to —L u k viGod At t h a t t i m J s u s a sw r d d
”
. e . 12 . e e n e e an

s i d I th k th
a 0 F th
,
L rd f h v an d rth e e, a e r, o o ea en an ea

Matt xi 5 J u pr ay d say i g F th r if th u b willi g

. . 2 . es s e ,
n ,
a e ,
o e n ,
“
r m v th is p f m m
e o v rth l s s
e t my wi ll b ut th i
cu ro e ne e e e no ne
—L u k xxii 4
,

b d e C hr i t i t h day f h i fl h
o ne e . 2 . s n e s o s es ,

w h h h d ff r d up pr a y r
en d uppl i t i
e a s wi th s tr g
o e e e s an s ca on ,
on

ryi g
c d t r u t H M th t w
n an ab l t sav e a s, n o I a as e
'
o e

He b v . .
7 .

Be ca u se Ch ris t h as t a ug h t us not to p ray t o h im, bu t t o G o d .

In th t d y y h a ll k m th i g V r i ly v r i ly I sa y u t
a a e s as e no n . e ,
e ,
n o

W h
o u, t v r y h a ll ask t h
a so e F th r i my m h wi l l
e e s e a e n na e, e
y
—J xvi 3 T h h u m th d w i
,

gi v i t y e ou n . . 2 .
“
e o r co e ,
an no s,

wh th tru w r h i pp r s s h ll w r s h i p t h F a th r i p i r i t
en e e o s e a o e e n s

and i truth —J iv 3
n A h w pr y i g i rt ai
n . . 2 .
“
s e as a n n a ce n

pl wh h
ac e , d f h is dis i pl
en i d u t h i m L rd
e c e a se , one o c e s sa n o ,
o
“
t h u s t pr y
e ac J h l s t u g ht h i di i pl
o a A dh
,
as o n a o a s sc es . n e

s i d u t th m W h
a y pr a y
n o y F t h w h i h a r t in
e en e sa our a er c
‘

—
, , ,

H v ea L u k xi en F th i u s I b w my k s e . 1, 2 .
“
or s ca e o nee

u t t h F th r f
n o L r d J u C h ri t
e a e E ph i i i 4
o o ur o es s s -
. . 1 .

B th
e c a u se y m C H ST h w h i e v er t G d b t na e RI s o s e s no o ,
u

i t d f G d
ano n e T h u (C hr i t ) h s t l v d r ig ht u
o o . s o s a o e eo sn e s ,

d h t d i i q u i ty ; th r f r G d v
an a e n thy G d h th i t d e e o e o e en o a an o n e

th wi th t h il f g l d s b v thy f ll w —H b i 9
, ,
“
ee e o o a ne s a o e e o s e . . .

HwG d o i t d J u o f N r th wi th t h H ly Gh st
ano n e es s o az a e e o o

d wi th p w r wh w t b ut d i g g d
o e : f o en a o o n oo

wi th h i m —
an or

G dw o A t x 38
as F f a truth g i t thy c s or o a a ns

h ly h i l d J s u w h m th u h t i t d —
. .

o c e A t iv 7
s, o o as ano n e c s . 2 .

Be ca u se 7e s u s Ch ris t is re p rese n t ed
by h im s e lf as dis t in c t f ro m
G o d as o ne w it n es s in a c o u rt is f ro m a n o t h e r . I t is a l s o w r i tt e n
“
in y ur l t h a t t h e t e s t i m o n y o f t w o m e n is
o aw tru e I a m o n e
.

wh o b e a rs wi t n e ss o f my s e lf a n d t h e F a th e r th a t s e n t m e
b e a r e t h wi t n e ss o f m e —J n viii I 7 1 8
,

. . .
,

Be ca u se in n u m e ro u s pa ssag e s of S c rip t u re Ch ris t is repre

s e n t e d a s app o in t e d 7u dg e of a ll b
y God Fo r t h e F a th e r .

j u dge th n o m a n b ut h a th c o mm i tt e d a ll j u dg m e n t t o t h e S o n
,
”
.

Jn v 2 2 .
“
An d h e c o mm a n de d u s t o pr e a c h u n t o t h e p e o pl e
. .
,

a n d t o t e s t i fy th a t i t is h e w h i c h w a s o r da i n e d o f G o d t o b e t h e

J u dge o f qu i c k an d de a d A c t s x 4 2 — “
Be c a u s e h e h a t h . .

a pp o i n t e d a day in w h i c h h e wi l l j u dge t h e w o rl d in r ight e o u s

 94 Appen dix .

ne ss b y th a t m an w h o m h e h at h o r dai ne d w h e re o f h e h a t h
,

giv e n a ss ur a n c e u n t o a ll m e n in th a t h e h a t h r ais e d H i m fr o m
t h e de a d —A c t s xvii 3 1
,

. .

Be c a u s e t he n a me SO N O F GO D sh o w s h e is not Go d Bu t
w h o m sa y ye th a t I am ? An d S i m o n Pe t e r a n s w e r e d an d
sa i d T h o u art t h e C hr i s t t h e S o n o f t h e l ivi n g G o d
, ,

Ma t t xvi I 5 1 6 Fo r h e r e c e iv e d fr o m G o d t h e F a t h e r h o n o ur
‘

“
. . .
,

a n d g l o ry w h e n th e r e c a m e s u c h a v o i c e t o h i m fr o m t h e e x c e l

l e n t g l o ry T h i s is my b e l o ve d S o n in w h o m I a m we ll
—
, ,

pl e a se d 2 P e t e r i 1 7 O f a truth th o u a rt t h e S o n o f
“

G o d —M a tt xi v 3 3
. .

. . .

Be ca u s e Ch ris t w a s t a ug h t of G o d t h e do c t rin e s he t a ug h t to
Ill e n th i g f my s lf b u t my F th r h th t u ght
I do no n o e as a e a a

th i g —J vi i i 8
.

m I p k th
e, s ea J us a sw r d e se n s n . . 2 .
“
es n e e

t h m d i d M y d tr i i s t m i b ut h i th a t t m
e ,
an sa ,
oc ne no ne , s se n e
”
.

J vii 6
n F I h av
. 1 t p k
. f my l f b ut t h F th r
“
or e no s o en o se e a e

wh i h t m h gav m a mm a dm t w h t I h ul d
c se n e, e e e co n en a s o
—
,

sa y d w h
,
a t
anI s h ul d p k J xi i 4 9 o s ea n . . .

B e ca u s em p s g h w l di t i t i b t w
nu e ro u s a sa es s o a c ea r s nc on e een

G d
o d Ch i t
an Gr b u t y d p a
r s fr m G d ac e e n o o u , an e ce o o

d fr m t h L r d J s u C hr i t — C
. o ur

F th a e r, a n i 3 o T e o e s s I or . . . o

all th a t b i R m b l v d f G d e ll d t b
n i t o e, e o e o o ,
ca e o e sa n s

Gr a t y ce d p a o fr m G d ouF th r d th
an L rd e ce o o o ur a e ,
an e o

es —
J u s C hr i t R m i 7 U t Ti m thy my w
“
s
”
. i th o . . . n o o ,
o n so n n e

f i th G
a m r y dp
: fr m G d F th r d J u
ra c e , e c an e ac e o o o ur a e an es s

L r d — Ti m i
,

C hr i t s o ur P a ul d S i l v u o d 1 . . 2 .
“
,
an an s, an

Ti m th u u t t h C hur h f t h T h ssa l i s w h i h i i
o e s, n o e c o e e o n an c

d t h L r d J u s C hr is t — T h s i
s n

G d t h F th
o e a e r an e o es 1 es . . 1 .

Be ca u se Ch ris t a lw ay s de c la re d h e w a s o n ly t h e s e n t of G o d .

h m
Fo r h e w o God a h th se n t p th r
s e ake t h e w o ds o f G o d fo r
G d giv th t th p i r i t b y m ur u t h i m —J i ii 3 4
e no e S e as e n o
”
n

t m is wi th m —J viii 9 T h
o . . .

A d h th a t
n e se n id e e n . . 2 . en sa

J u t th m g i P o b u t y As m y F th r h a th a n, e ac e e n o ou a e
—
es s e a

tm v d I y J xx en I m t m se n ou n 2 1
“
a no
—
se n e, e so . . . co e

o f my lf b ut h th a t
se s t m i tru J vii 8 Th i i e en e s e n . . 2 . s s

t h w r k f G d th a t y b l i v h im w h m h h th t
“
e o o o e e e e on o e a se n

—
,

J vi 9
n . . 2 .

Be ca use t he Apo s t le s a lw ay s spe a h of Ch ris t a s less t h a n G o d .

ul h
Bu t I w o d av e yo u k n o w h a t h e e a d o f e v e m an is t t h ry
96 Appenaix

S t ph
e en t
stifi e s t h at Chr i s t is th a t p r o ph e t
e T h is is t h at: .

M s o e s w h i c h s a i d u n t o t h e c h il dr e n o f I s r a e l A p ro ph e t s h a l l ,

L o r d y o u r G o d r a i s e u n t o yo u o f y o u r b r e thr e n l ik e u n t o
“
the
—
,

me A c ts vii 3 7 . .

Be ca u s e t h e S a c re d S cript u res re p rese n t Ch ris t as co m ing n o t

t o do h is o wn w ill, bu t t h e w ill of G o d J es us sai th u t th m

n o e

My m t i t d t h wi ll f h i m th at s t m —J i v 34
,.

ea s o o e o en e n . . .

F I or m d w fr m h v
ca e o t t d mi nw wi ll b ut t h
o ea en no o o ne o n e

wi ll f h i m t h t s t m —J vi 3 8
,

o a I s k t mi
en w e n ee no ne o n

wi ll b u t t h wi ll f t h F th r w h i h h th s t m —J v 3
. . .

e o e a e c a en e n 0

I m t d t hy wil l O G d —
. . .

L o, co e o Hb x 7
o ,
o e . . .

Be ca u s e t h e S c rip t u re s u n i o rm l
f y rep resen t Ch ris t as be ing at

t h e righ t h a n d o f God Ho w t h e n ca n h e be G o d. S o th e n
a ft e r t h e L o r d h a d s p o k e n u n t o th e m h e w a s re c e iv e d up i n t o

h e a v e n an d sat o n t h e r ig h t h an d o f G o d —M a r k xvi I 9
,

.
,
.

H e re aft e r s h a ll t h e S o n o f Man si t o n t h e r ig ht h an d o f t h e
—
p o w e r o f G o d L u ke xxi i 6 9 T h e r e fo r e b e i n g b y t h e
“

r ig ht h an d o f G o d —Act s i i 3 3
. .

. . .

Be ca u se t he re ig n of Ch ris t sh a ll c o m e t o a n e n d The n
c o m e t h t h e e n d w h e n h e s h a l l h a v e de l iv e re d up t h e ki n g do m

t o G o d e v e n t h e Fa th e r ; w h e n h e s h a ll h a v e p u t do w n a ll rul e
,

a n d a ll a uth o r i ty a n d p o w e r An d w h e n a ll th i n g s s h a ll b e
”

s u b du e d u n t o h i m th e n s h a ll t h e S o n a l s o h i m s e lf b e s u bj e c t
,

u n t o h i m th a t put al l th i ng s u nde r h i m th a t G o d m ay b e a ll in
—
,

a ll I Co r xv 2 4 2 8 . .
,
.

Be c a u s e t h e w h o l e o f t h e p as sa g e s a ddu c e d fo r t h e de i ty o f
C hr i s t are c a p ab l e o f an e as y e x pl an a t i o n so th a t e v e ry t e xt ,

s upp o s e d t o s upp o r t t h e do c tr i n e o f t h e G o dh e a d o f C hr i s t h as

b e e n e x pl a i n e d b y T r i n i t a r i an th e o l o gi an s in a di ffe r e n t s e n s e
fr o m th at w h i c h s upp o rt s t h i s do c tr i n e A n d b e c a u se we fin d it .

c o n c e de d in t h e c o mm e n t a ri e s o f T ri n i t a r i an s t h a t o u r pr o o f

t e x t s c a u s e th e m i n su p e r ab l e di ffi c ul ti e s s o th a t th e y r e t i r e fr o m ,

th e i r o wn e x pl an at i o n s e x pr e ssi n g di s s atis fa c t i o n a t th e m an d
,

c o n c e di n g th a t th e s e t e x t s a re n o t c a p a b l e o f a n e a s y e x pl a n a t i o n

o n th e i r hyp o th e si s w h i l e t h eir pr o o f t e x t s are e x pl ai n e d awa y

b y e x p o si t o r s o f th e ir o wn sc h cfo l .

Be c a u s e C h rist is r e pr e s e n t e d as a P ri e st T h e o ffi c e o f a
—
.

pr i e s t i s t o m i n is t e r t o G o d Be c aus e h e is r e p re s e nte d a s an
A p o stl e a pp o i n t e d o f G o d —Be ca u s e h e i s r e p r e s e n t e d as an
 Appendix 97
’

I n e t rce ss o r wi th
God —
Be c aus e h e i s e re s e n t e d as n o t t h e r p
prim a ry , b u t in t e rm e dia t e ca s e o f t h e b e n e ts h e b e s o w s
,
u fi t .

u
Be c a s e h e de n i e s th t
a h e is t t
o ss e ss e d o f i n de e n de n e xis e n c e , p p
o m ip t
n m i pr s
o enc e , d m i i
o n —B a u i t
e e nc e , an o n sc e nc e . ec se

i s x pr ly s t t d
e e ss
“
Th R v l ti a e f J s u s C hr is t G d e e e a on o e o

—
,
“
g av e t h im o B u h i r p s t d as t h e ca r va t
se e s e re en e e se n

o f G d —B o u h i r pr eca t d asse ivi g h

e ur
s e e se n e re c e n o no

fr m G d i c s qu
o o f d i g w h a t pl s d G d
n on e ence o o n ea e o .

B eca u C hr is t i r pr
se t d h avi g l a r d b di
s e e se n e as n e ne o e e nce

b y t h th i gs w h i h h
e n uff r d —B u s S t P a u l ffirm
c e s e e eca e . a s

tha t C hr i t w l iv s u t G d d by th p w r f G d
—B u w h h r g d b y t h J ws wi th m ki g h i m l f
s no e n o o an e o e o o .

eca se en c a e e e a n se

e q u l wi th G d h
a pl i d T h S o d
e re th i g f h i m
e e on c an o no n o

s lf —B a u if t h s l v ti
, ,

e ec sef m d p ds e b l i vi g
a a on o an e en on e e n

Ch ris t i G d i t i ur i us th t C hr i t
s o ,
v t ugh t t h
s c o wh a s ne er a o se o

su rr u d d h i m th t h w G d bu t w h th y pr f
o n e a e dt as o en e o e ss e o

u d r s t d h w m ki g h i m s lf G d
n e an e as q u a l wi t h G d h
a n e o ,
or e o ,
e

i mm diat ly d i d th
e e h rg en eth t th y migh t t r g r d
e se c a e s, so a e no e a

hi m i th t l igh t —B u
n a m h a th G d t eca y t im se no an se e n o a an e

t b ffirm d f J u s C hr is t —B a u h d t h di
.

Th i s c an n o e a e o es ec se a e s

c ip l b l i v d h i m t b A lm ighty G d th y ul d t h v
es e e e o e o ,
e co no a e

b een f m ili
so wi t h h i m g d wi th h i g b t y d h i m
a ar ,
ar ue n ,
e ra e or

d fl d fr m h i m d t fir t di b li
i

d i d h im
en e ,
an e d i hi
o ,
an a s s e ev e n s

r urr t i fr m t h d d I f th i s i
es ec on o s t i l d tr i
e ea f . s an e s e n a oc ne o

Ch r is t i i ty w an a t u d r t d h w t h di i pl k w
e c nn o n e s an o e sc es ne

th i g f it —B u w
,

no n o v r fi d t h J w h r gi g t h
. e ca se e ne e n e e s c a n e

fi t Ap t l wi t h t
rs os h i g th t C hr ist i G d w h i h v y J w
es e ac n a s o ,
c e er e

n wo h arg c t h h a d f C hr i s t ia t a h r s
es on e e o n e c e .

P RA Y E R TO C H RI ST .

WE h v al r e a dy r e m a r k e d o n t h e e x a mpl e an d c o m m a n d
a e

of C hr i s t
ab o u t pr ay e r t o G o d ; an d q u o t e d A r ch bi sh o p
W ak e wh o sa y s (in h i s w o r k o n t h e Ca t e c h i s m p
, , .

th at t h e L o r d s Pr ay e r t e ac h e s u s th a t we s h o ul d p ra y
’ “

t o G o d o n ly an d t o H im a s o u r F a th e r thr o u gh J e s u s
“
, ,

C hr i s t o u r L o r d ”
S o m e y e a r s ago . Bi s h o p C o l e n so
was c r i t i c i s e d in a c o rr e s p o n de n c e in t h e Tim es fo r de n y
98
-
App en dix .

ing t h e S c i r ptur
l au th o r i ty o f pr ay e r t o C hr i st I n a l e tt e r
a .

rt
t o h is c i i c s h e c h a ll e n g e d t h e m
“
t o pr o du c e o n e s i ng l e i n st a n c e
in w h i c h w e are i n s tru c t e d e nj o i n e d e x h o rt e d o r c o u n s e ll e d , , ,

b y o u r L o rd o r b y an y o f h is a p o s tl e s t o pr a y t o t h e S o n o r t o
, ,

t h e S p i r i t a s w e a re t a u g ht in t h e p a ssa g e s (t o w h i c h h e h a d
r e fe rr e d in h is fo rm e r l e tt e r s ) t o pr a y t o t h e F a th e r Dr ”
. .

He u rt le y t h e O x fo r d M a r gare t Pr o fe sso r O f D ivi n i ty in r e ply

, ,

t o Bi s h o p C o l e n so m a de t h e fo ll o wi n g r e m a r k a bl e a dm i s si o n
,

N o w I fr a n k ly c o n c e de t o h i m th at I h av e n o s u c h i n s t an c e t o
,

pr o du c e S e e Tim es o f J a n u a ry 2 5 t h a n d J an u a ry 3 o t h 1 8 6 7
, ,

W e h av e a l re a dy s h o w n t h a t o th e r di s t i n g u i sh e d c l e r g ym e n say
mu c h t h e sa m e a s Bis h o p C o l e n so —th a t th e r e is n o pr e c e pt o r
c o mm an d in t h e Bib l e th a t pr a y e r s h o ul d b e o ffe r e d t o an y o th e r

b e i n g th an t h e Fa th e r o f o u r L o r d J e s u s C hr i s t .

T h e S c r i ptur e s a re a s a c c e s sib l e t o a ll o f u s a s t o th e s e
l e a r n e d m e n W h at s ai th t h e S c r i ptur e ?
.

J E S U S CH R I S T TA U G HT TH A T PR A Y E R S H O U LD BE O FFE R E D
T O TH E F A TH E R O N LY .

Whe nth u pr y t t r i t thy l s t d w h th u

o a es en e n o c o e an en o

h t hut t h d r P A Y T O T H Y F A THE & —M a tt vi 6

, ,
”
as s e oo ,
R R ,
c . . . .

“
A ft r th is m a
e r th r f r pr y y O U R F A THE R w h i h
nn e e e o e a e c

ar t i h v
n —M tt vi 9
ea en
”
. a . . .

I f y th b i g vi l k w h w t giv g d gi ft s u t y ur
e e n, e n e ,
no o o e oo n o o

h i l dr h w mu h m r h ll y F t h wh is i h v
giv g d th i g t th m th t k h im —
c e n, o c o e s a our a er o n ea en

e oo n M att vi i
s o e a as
”
. . . 1 1 .

y u t th t i f t w f y s h a ll ag r
“
Ag i I a n y sa n o o u, a o o ou ee on

e a rt h t u h i g a yth i g th t th y s h ll h i t h ll b d
as o c n n n a e a as s a e o ne

th m f my F t h wh i i h av —M a tt xvi ii 9
,
”
f
or e o a er o s n e en . . . 1 .

Wh
“
y t a d p y i g f r giv if y h av u g ht g i s t
en e s n ra n ,
o e e e a a a n

an y th t y F t h al s wh i i h v
a our m y f r giv y
a er o o s n ea en a o e ou

y ur tr p s —M ar k xi 5
,
”
o es a sse . . 2 .

As h w pr y i g i a rt i pl a w h
“
e as ah d n n ce a n ce, en e c e as e ,
o ne

o f h i di i pl s id u t him L d t h
sc e s sa t p y J h n o ,
or ea c us o ra ,
as o n

l t u ght h is di i pl s A d h i d u t th m Wh y
a so a sc e n e sa n o e en ou
—
,
.

p y y O
ra ,
saF t h w h i h t i h av
,
ur L u k xi
a er c ar n e en
”
. e . 1, 2 .

T h h u c m th w i wh tru w s h i pp r s
“
e od r tho e ,
an no s, en e e or e
1 00 Appendix .

sa yi n g , 0 my Fa t h er, if i t b e p o s s ibl e le t t h i s c up p a s s fr o m ,
.

me ; ne v e rth e l e s s n o t as I wi ll b u t as t h o u wi l t
,
M at t -
.

xx vi .
39 .

T h i n ke st th o u th at I c ann o t n o w pr a y t o my F a th e r an d h e ,

s h all p r e s e n t ly giv e m e m o r e th an twe lv e l e gi o n s o f an g e ls ”

.

Matt xxv i 5 3
. . .

He p ra y e d s a y i ng F a th e r if th o u b e wi l li n g r e m o v e t h i s
, , , ,
.

c u p fr o m m e n e v e rth e l e s s n o t my wi l l but t h i n e b e do n e , ,

L u ke xxi i 4 2 . .

T h e s e w o r ds s p ak e J e sus an d lift e d up h is e y e s t o h e av e n , ,

a n d sai d F a th e r t h e h o ur is c o m e g l o r i fy t hy S o n t h a t t hy
”—
, ,

S o n a l s o m ay g l o r i fy t h e e J o h n xvii I . . .

N o w i s my s o u l tr o u b l e d ; an d wh at s h a l l I say ? Fath e r , .

s a ve m e fr o m th i s h o ur but fo r t h i s c a u s e c a m e I u n t o t h i s
h o u r —J o h n xii 2 7 .

“
A n d J e sus li ft e d up his e y e s an d sai d F a th e r I th a n k th e e , , ,
:

“
th a t th o u h a s t h e a r d m e An d I kn e w th a t th o u h e a r e st m e .

a l wa y s an d b e c a u s e o f t h e p e o pl e w h i c h s t a n d b y I sa i d i t
” —
,
“
th a t t e y m ay b e li e ve th at th o u h as t se n t m e J o h n xi
h . .

“
An d I wi l l p ray t h e Fa t h e r a n d h e wi l l giv e yo u a n o th e r
”—
,

c o m fo rt e r J o h n xiv 1 6 . . .

An d ab o u t t h e n i n t h h o ur J e s u s c r i e d wi th a l o u d v o i c e
“
, ,

s a y i ng My G o d m y G o d w hy h as t th o u fo r sake n m e ? ”
,

M a tt xxv u 46 . . .

T h e n sa i d J e s u s Fa th e r fo r gi v e th e m fo r th e y k n o w n o t
w h at th e y do —
.

, ,
”
L u k e xxii i 3 4 . . .

“
An d w h e n J e s u s h a d c r i e d wi th a l o u d v o i c e h e sai d F a th e r , ,

i n t o t hy h an ds I c o mm e n d my s p i r i t a n d h avi n g sai d t h us
” —
,

h e gav e u p t h e g h o s t L u k e xxii i 46 . . .

EX A M PL E OF A PO S T L E S AN D D S C PLI I ES O H R I ST
F C .

T h e y (a p o s t l e s ) li ft e d up t h e i r v o i c e t o G o o n e ac c o d wi th rd ,

an d s ai d L o r d th o u a r t G o d w h o h ast m a de
,
ea e an ea h v n d rth , ,

an d t h e se a g r an t th a t sign s a n d w o n e s e o ne d r m ay b d
” —
b y t h e n a m e o f thy h o ly c h i l d J e s u s Ac t s i v 2 4 30 ,
. .
,
.

Bu t th i s I (P au l ) c o n fe s s un t o th e e th at a ft e r t h e way w h i c h ,
“
t h e y c a l l h e r e s y so w o rship 1 t h e G o d of my f a t h e rs b e l i e vi n g
, ,

a ll th i n gs w h ich are w r it t e n in t h e law a n d t h e pr o ph e t s

A c t s xxiv 1 4 . .
 Appendix . 1 01

I t ha nh t hr o ugh J e s u s C hr ist fo r yo u a ll t h a t y o u r
my G o d,
”—
,

fa i th is s p o ke n o f t h r o u g h o u t t h e w h o l e w o r l d Ro m i 8 . . . .

“
N o w t h e G o d o f p a t i e n c e a n d c o n so l a ti o n g r an t yo u t o b e
l ik e m i n de d o n e t o ward a n o th e r a c c o r di n g t o C hr i s t J e sus ; ,
“
th a t ye m ay wi th o n e m i n d an d o n e m o uth g lo rify G o d e v en ,

t h e Fa t h e r of o u r L o rd 7esu s Ch ris t R o m xv 5 6 -
. .
,
.

To G o d o n ly w ise b e g l o ry t hr o ugh J e s u s C h ri s t fo r e v e r
“
, ,

R o m xvi 2 7. .

Ble sse d be G o d e v e n t h e Fa t h e r of o u r L o rd 7e sus Ch ris t

"

”—
, .

T h e F a th e r o f m e r c i e s an d t h e G o d o f al l c o m fo rt 2 Co r i 3 . . . .

T h at t h e G o d of o u r L o rd 7e su s Ch rist t h e Fa t h e r of ,

g lo ry m a y giv e u n t o yo u t h e s p i r i t o f wi s do m an d r e v e l a ti o n
”—
, ,

in t h e k n o w l e dg e o f h im E ph i 1 7 . . . .

N o w u n t o HI M th a t is a b l e t o do e x c e e di n g a b u n dan tl y
“

ab o ve all th a t we a sk o r th i nk a c c o r di n g t o t h e p o w e r th at ,

w o r k e t h in u s u n t o Him be g lo ry in t he Ch u rch b y C hr ist

” —
,

J e s u s t hr o u gh o u t a ll a ge s w o rl d wi th o u t e n d E ph ii i 2 0 2 1
,
. . .
,
.

N o w u n t o t h e Ki n g e t e r n a l i m m o rtal i n vi s ib l e t h e o n ly
“

” —
, , ,

wis e G o d be h o n o u r a n d g lo ry f o r e v e r a nd e v e r
,
1 Ti m i 1 7 . . . .

Fo r th is c a u se I bo w my h n e e s u n t o t h e Fa t h e r of o u r L o rd
7e su s Ch ris t o f wh o m t h e w h o l e fa m i ly in h e av e n an d e a rt h is
,

n a m e d th a t h e w o ul d g ra n t yo u a c c o r di n g t o t h e r i c h e s o f h is
, ,

g l o ry t o b e stre n g th e n e d wi th m ig ht b y his s p i r it in t h e i nn e r
”—
,

m an E ph i ii 1 4 1 6
. . .
,
.

ESSEN CE O F RE L IGIO N .

IN m t tr t is s r ligi w m t wi th su m ma r i s f w h at
os ea e on e on e ee e o

m y b
a ll d t h
e
“
ca e f r l igi ; d wi th s t a t m t s
e e sse n c e o e on
”
an e en

w h i h pl
c th ac e t i l f b li f d duty a ba i s as avai l
e e sse n a s o e e an on s

ab l t th s wh r j t t h d t r i
e o o e f th o Tri it y as t t h s
e ec e oc ne o e n o o e

wh ao pt i t
cce .

O f w h at i s ss t i l t sal vati it i s t di ffi c u l t t judg

e en a o o n, no o e .

Th qui t f th
e e s i r q u i r s t h a t t h i f rm t i
o e c o n c e nc e e e , e n o a on on
“
th is s u bj t s h ul d b l r d pr i w h t v r i s b y d
ec o e c ea an e c se a e e e on

i i v lv d i
s n o m p a r a t iv bs ur i ty
e n d subj ct t d u b t fu l
co e o c an e o o
—R b t H ll
,

dis put a t i on
”
. o er a .

IW th i k
. t h i g c ssa y t b k w
e n no b li v d f n ne e r o e no n or e e e or
I02 Appen dix .

s a l va t i o n b ut w h a t G o d h a th r e v e a l e d 2 W e th e r e fo r e e m . .

b r a c e a ll th o s e w h o in si n c e r i ty r e c e iv e t h e w o r d o f trut h
r e v e a l e d in t h e S c r i ptur e a n d o b e y t h e l ig ht w h i c h e n l ig ht e n s ,

e v e ry m a n th at c o m e s i n t o t h e w o rl d
”
&c L o ch e , . .

m mb r th
Re e f r ligi
e i s a h a rt v i d f ff
, e e ss e n c e o e on e o o o ence
“
t w r ds G d d m
o a H l d f t b y th i s h t a h r f
o an an o as ee nc o o

h app i ss —r ligi ; y wi ll ft w t i t i t h t i m f
. s

ne e on ou o en an n e es o

m t d g r—t h t rm d t mp t f l i f
os an e e s o Y s an e es s o e . ou

h v b t u g ht i d d th a t r ig ht b l i f
a e een a rth d xy wi ll
,
n ee ,
e e ,
or o o o , ,

l ik h r i ty v r mult i tu d f si
e c a ,
co B t de iv d T h
a e o ns . e no e ce e . e

ch tt r i g f s m u i t l ligib l u d ll d r d
a e n o o e d n n e e so n s ca e c ee s, an

u f ig d ss t d o s t t w h t v t h C hur h j i
n e ne a en an c n en o a e er e c en o ns

r l igi u s w r h i p d
e o s r t d f t s —r p t i g
o s an con ec a e e as e en n on a

d a th b d—p r d s r ig htly s u d
e -
e t a d ab lut i ons th i e ou an so on au
—h v d
, or
“
t t i ly giv
a ve m r t wa r ds m ki g d
en a e o ne o e o a n an con

ti i g m
nu n vi i u s th enll t h a tur al p assi s d i fi d l i ty
c o an a e n on an n e

put t g th r —L d Ch t h m
o e e or a a .

R l igi e is th on f ll m i t u ght th r f r t b
e c o n c e rn o a en o ,
e e o e, o e

l a r d pl i A b ur r l igi i s f l i ttl
c e an a n . v lu
n o sc e e on o e o r no a e

i d d it s m t m
n ee ,
f t h g r t t ab ur di t i s th t
ee s o e o ne o e ea es s e a c an

b e iv d I f G d m k
co nce e r v l ti i t d d f th
. o a e a e e a on n en e or e

g r a l b fit f m a ki d
e ne e ne w ul d x p t i t h ul d b
o n n ,
o ne o e ec s o e

l r I h v
c ea . tr g p r u i t h g p l w pl i t
a e a s on e s as o n e os e as a n a

fir t I f C hr is t i i ty i t pl i
s . w I a ppr h and i t mu s t b s no a n no ,
e en e

o ur o w f ult A d tr i th t
n a t i s pl i di r t i s f
. oc ne a co n a n a n ec on O
'

duty d pl i pr m i s f r w r d u ffi i
an a n tt ur g t
o se o e a ,
s c en o e nco a e o

duty i a ll i r u m t n t c tr g th g i t t mpt t i s t
c s a n c e s, o s en en a a ns e a on ,
o

giv mf rt u d r affli t i t lm t h aff t i s th is i s tru

e co o n e c o n, o ca e ec on ,
e .

r l igi
e D N th L d
on -
r . a . ar ner .

Th C hr i t i a r l igi
e ,
r di g t my m i d i a v y
s n e o n, ac co n o n ,
s er

si mpl th i g i t ll igib l t t h m
e n , t p it y d w h a t if
n e e o e e an e s ca ac ,
an ,

t p i s t j i pr t i t k w l dg w m y m k
l

w e a re a a n o o n ac ce o no e e, e a a e

our s l v th r u g hly q u i t d wi th wi th ut tur i g v

e es o o ac a n e ,
o n n o er

ma y b k I w d r t
n oo s .m ym m i t b th f
on e o se e so an e n, e nen o or

th i r p i ty d f th ir p i ty l b ur i g t m k a my t ry
e e an or e ca ac ,
a o n o a e s e

of th is divi i s t i tut i I f G d v u hs f t r v l hims lf

ne n on . o o c a es o e ea e

t ma ki d
o n w s upp s th t h
n , h s st d
c an i su h
e o e a e c oo e o o so n c
 04 Appendix .

b e n e v o l e n c e an d t h e , de e p si mpl i c it y o f a ch il d wi th the
fo r t i tu de o f a ma rty r - Dr S a m u el Pa rr
. .

W i th r e ga r d to th ir m o r a l co de
e , the pr i n ci pl e s o f the
U i t r ia
n a ns do no t s e e m t o a dm i t t h e i r
l s i g i t h l as t oo en n ,
n e e ,

th b e ds f duty
on oth tr ry th y a pp t b a tu t d
: on e co n a ,
e e ar o e c a e

by an r st d si r t p r m t pr t i l r l igi
e a ne e e L v is o o o e ac ca e on . o e ,

wi t h th m t h fulfi lli g f t h l w
e , e d t h h bi tu l pr t in o e a an e a a ac ce

o f vi rtu fr m a pr i i p l f l v t G d d b v l
e, o nc t e o o e o o an ene o ence o

m an , i s i th i r j u dg m t t h s um
n e d s u bsta f C hr i sen e an nc e o

it y —
, ,

ti an D Ad m r . a s .

Wh m isg u i d d m
en f m r l t h a k wl dg w ul d
e e n, o o e z ea n no e e, o
“
thu s di t i g u i h t h U i t r i a fr m t h C h i t ia w h m I wi ll
s n s e n a n o e rs n, o ,

as k d w f dl y i t
,
o e on h igh st a uth r i t i s w h w
c e as o ur e o e ,
en e a re

en g g d i d f di g
a e n r ligi ag i s t it i fi d l d
e en n o ur e on a n s n e a ver

i
s ar e s I r g u i g wi th th s u p t h vi d s h w ft
n a n e e on e e ence , o o en

h v w s i d w h t b tt r w ul d y h v th th t w h i h
a e e a ,
a e e o ou a e an a c

sa t i fi d t h g r a t s t m s t r s f sci
s e e e th e g r t lum i a r i a e o enc e, e ea n es

o f l w ? Wh w
a v r a b tt r j u dg f l ga l vi d
o as e e th e e e o e e enc e an

H al ; f m ral vi d
e o th a L k
o f ma th m t i al
e e nc e d n oc e o e a c an

phy si l vi d ca th a N w t
e —L d B g h m
e nc e n e on or ro u a .

I v r tt mp t d t
ne e a c u r ag
e di ur ag h i s (t h D u k
e o en o e or sc o e e e

f Gr a ft ) p r f ssi f U i t a r ia pr i i pl s f I w
’
o on s o e on o n n nc e : or as

h ppy t
a a p rs o se e f his r k pr f i g wi th i t l lig
e on o an o e ss n ,
n e e nc e

an d wi t h si r i ty C h r is t ia pr i i p l s I f y
nce ,
th i ks n nc e . an o ne n
“
th t U i t r ia i s t a C h r is t i I p l i l y y wi th ut
a a n a n no an , a n sa , o

b i g my s l f a U ita r a t h at I th i k th r wi
e n e n i n, n o e se
”
.

I f di ff r t m e en i ca r fully d e n, s i t i u l y xa m i ni g
n e an con c en o s e n

th S r i ptur s h u l d ar r iv at di ff r t
e c e ,
s o lu i v e e en c o nc s o n s, e en on

p i t f t h l s t i mp rt
o n s o e w t ru s t th a t G d wh
a o l an c e , e o , o a o ne

k ws w h t v ry m
no a i p b
e e f wi ll b m r i ful t h i m
an s ca a
‘
e o ,
e e c o

th a t i s i r r r W tru t th t h wi l l p r d t h U i t r i i f
n e o . e s a e a on e n a an

h b i e rr r b u s h h as fall i t i t fr m t h dr ad
n an e o eca e e en n o o e e

m i g i d lat r —f givi g t h at g l y t
e ,

o fb e co n an o th r w h i h
o ,
o n or o an o e c

h e c o nc eiv s t b d t G d l e o I f t h w r h i pp r f
e ue o o a one . e o s e o

J u C hr i t b i rr r w t r ust th at G d wi l l p a r d h i s
mi t k —
es s s e n an e o , e o on

s a Bi h p W t
e s o a so n .

Ch rist m a s, 1 8 82 .