TOM-I

Gjeqrs: (No slip),

2
NR2on
saie icion; No Lo285
’ I# slipping Bome enesgy Lo4: inehe Giehon
(A) Botth qxig qe Pqralle:
- No axial thryst
Impact shesg on the profile
Helical geqrs ! Left Hand
No Irnpact stesA Rigt Hand
(Hio doyde Helieal
gers/Heringboe(Conical
(8) Both at qpo intesecing: gey SuAe)
(i>Bevel gears
ero] Bevel gear Helicad Geve geas
Plan
R-H LH
(1y
Me ges: genealed Sukc
() Axis qoe meither pqrallel mor
fpe wolliog is impobsible
æSpial gear (
intageing:
skeud-Bevel geavs) skesine
(veneraig Gne)
.'ess dig' sprad Lage dia'
to the

Trtna
Bjgges: Annular
geqr!- more th¡n
thqn one geqr om Bame baft.
P= Tw
1. ftch cirle -Tgginty cirele
Sze o an gear i6 speciied Jby the. diq. of prth eiek.
2, cieular pHch tp):
T: No of teeth
t3) Module. (m)
D(mn )
4. Diqnetral pitch (Pa): -
5. Working depth :
"By one geqr
WD Addendum +Dedendyn -cleqran
Wo=Total depth- c|eqme

6. Backlash! -
Baclech Toeth Spgce toth thiclneeg matig gers
P=PitchpointFired point

Comnon tangent at Point P

Pinion

L(une of gclion) Common Nomal at

gearing 0,N02 NP
N O,M MP
M
p-fixed point/tch poit
To Breven Sepgralio:
Line of aion:

Vliding = (y,sir- V,sinp) (P)

Line o
M qefion
·Tovlute Rroile:- o= Constant )
Congate AroAle
.fixed che -Bage cirele
Nofmal to Tnvoluke proile-aggeot to Baseile. Connon
Addend ciele Q- foiot of Contac
tch ciele
Base crale P= rteh poin
clegrane circle
Dendndam cirde.
’ In extenal
limiaion e-[ro,2s]
Velociy raHo (hegr Rqio
Wp

Wu-t<i
Note!- for Rack
A.c.
P.c. L s.Line B.c,’ cirele of vey Large adug
Dc

Lao e gigg1-Line.of qchon fazs thvaugh rtch pojot.

"Line of qclion Invote prole at
Point of Gontact
Line actin tangent to both e the
Bae cide.
Lhe af qch on doesnt
 -ain +-os Bing
qrrangemernt -
PiAdi.hack
nion gTack Cont
inact ofath ’
pitch iralar P
Tod. R
Pinig
poieng9gement
o-=d one In
"
e% =tath
cf Recess "re o
Cosf -Tin A-rtos PL=
Cag Rast-RAin Ra- KP= "
kP+PL kL=
Reccpp ePath PL=
roach Path Ke=
Bagent Common P
M
 k: hearTip
Inleferense! L: Pioion Tip
"At Tnvdute Non-In vclute maing

ndeeuting
last satley poin o
- MTnteens
Point
o Pinion
-Melhods of Preventng Zntyferene
1. Underfcting

Nlon -Invdute Por lion

3-ghybbjng the kath - ease cirley
eR.z1
ocharge
By No. teeth.
Tnvolute Aeqr System
1) Ful depth Invdte 1420)
Add,- sandard Adden dyn
MA= Imodule
(2) styb Tnvdute (2o to25°)
Add.c stardard Add.
mA
Ap<1
Ag<1
 Minimum No. of teh oequcTo on Ppioo heqr in ode to
Beveot Insene:
thegr tmin 2Ae
M

to, Pinion
’Tovolute ack Piolon
0, (o) aek'
- Base curele
ceadiy
A-Add. crrde
- Ptch drde
radius
adiy
P.c(rack) tmin (Piin) = 2AR
A-c(rqek
8.'Pc.

’ Imporant:
Bqme qdd..
Tmin
2, trnin tmin
IF Pinion gegr having oifaent -tintg
1. Tmin
Add.i
2.
Amin
3. n= Tmn
 Etkt af vibalron o ceoki dislanç, duye to vibialion on the.
eaforinante of Tnvokete geqr
td oM

Cente dicne (R4) - dhange

farcey in
Noimal hrt bko the teeth F
fos (Powe Conponet)
Radial Gornponent of fere =FAin
P= (Fas d) x rtch ciee adig xo W-N
6o
Fo .vo

gcloidal prolile:
fae Epicyc loid lconvex)
locuy of A lenk
"anvex -Concave Gonnecion Hypoycloid (con cave)
shron tecth -clank side

=o: At iteh poit

Rnax At end o
Due to vibaton W
Comst.
 Gjear Frang e
Train value = |
S.R orv.R Wove
(Speed aio)
oimple eqr Tnins', Odd :Bame directio)
No. ef idlus
ewe opposhe diveciog

Cornpound qer DVRL,3,s)

ovnl2,4,b)

2-3

SR= Poyct a No, Teeth on DV TaXTuxT6

Product of Na ef teeth on DUR TXTgxTs
’Revexted gea Trains'
Speed atio = DVR TXTy
DVN

4 3
mlT47)= m'l3+)

Trainz!
Epigdie g£ F=2 clockwie tvt
Anticlockwise
 Dingmalar
ome geqr is Eixed
’ Automobile
Wheels
oiflesenial
ohoge axiz e
(e
inclined to the n4n ari ,the n
Ciockaize
clockuoise omte,clochaige. e n apliase (+,- omi Hed)
Countclodoise
ALBeyel piniso)
C+D

ixing RHolaigg Torqye Ta-Te TARA

(
(+)

*Toarninolay d Helical Spiral gero -

PZ

P- ciralar eilch
’0:gle byho the shat avis
(a)

in Grotat)
-9 (oppopi he hand gor,
Cente dis}an:
Ca,

,velait Ho
Ralio (vR) ,

L= Lead e wom
L= p(single slard)
L=2p Double sBart)

I. V.R. = L +d=go'

2. Ta --
+
3.

|-8}n
HBin
 Enple Mechanisrg "kinematic
Resislawt body deornalion othin cesein Limit Link (olele
Relahe oohio
Rgd Links Link-Egy tongmting
2. Flexible Lints
3. Flaid Linkg

1. Caropleldy Gonphaind motion;- 1.

2. TIntompled Gonhrined mokon
3.

>Rinemaic pairs -
Gomechon bho too Lioka ’ Joint pis
(A Acorling to the ype ol Reabie moam gelaliemoien
tTning pair/Revolute pair /Pin-Joint (Goneraned noion
2.Sliaigg
3.
pai Pizmaie pair kinemaic Paiç
Rolling pair (aipe Rolignelin)
Vem=Rw Vo
Rw
3-Fixed
(3) Rolig peir
4. Sreo pair e. Nt
5 Schuical pair ’ 30 Rolalion (sphej cal nnoton)
(3 Accordng to the tye Coract:
1: Lowe pairi (Sutace Contat)
9. Tüning,slidig, Soaa faig
3.Hghes pais, -- foit/ine Cyottet 8. Ablling Seheaica pue
 3. ’Multi point Contact

(OAiordingto the ye e clos

1 Belf clo%ed pair
(cloged pair)

2. foreed cloed pair -’ frol Coolect

?.
Copen pa
eg. H.P. in cqmg 2 folowe
Door cos as
Automalic cutch operaing.
Binny Tont Tenagy Joints
3

IT 28

RinemgHe chain
closed cha'n
onshained nokian)
kinematie chain
Jone ink ixed)
Mechanis
loased
Machine
of )
Degeo of fedorn;
Thdependent vauinble
To detine
Position Fmton
 DoF= 6- Reirt
1L.P= DoF
1H.p= 200F
S.. = 3D0F
Posbi be mohon = 2T+ IR= 3

’ kut zback's equation8: ony for cloed chain

F= 3l-)- oj-h -Fr 4: No, e 'nkg
J= No,f Lower pas
h: No,ehahe pai
Redandant moion = No, thoge moton coich
Reducnaqnt Link inot part of Metanisr
Stuctya (F=o)’ No, Relahie molion/dckyirnat
" Super stqchyse ( structe
Fco)ndearinae
kinemaie chain (F=1) struct
*Unsnstained chai (F1)

tspirg- Link voialle langts )

*. DoF o open chain A F=3+3-2 =y

at--4= b
. Fist
Kinemate chain (3)au eren
Mecharism in Lowe pairs
 Bmnple Mechanin
14) Four bar Mechanisn/quadic Syele Mehaigrn
Best position fixed Link lest liok-Shortet
rot posiion Coupla
366 Rotation Crark
<340° Rotahon ’ Rocken/Lever
Chashab law: -
Case
BFixed Double crank
8-Adient to FixedCrank-oker
B-Coupleroke (Doubley

(0 Not having pacz e enal Linka (25,43

(b) Havigg paics o equal inka
fRhralegyam Linkage Dousleoank
(b) Delloid inkage
CABe-3 3+1> PLq Ax qry Link ’ Double roku

egine mechanisn
Coupligad Loenohe (Analldga lirkg)
-’Tongnisso In tour ar Mechani
Angde bls Couple ink ofe Link
tabsine
de Jhrnay 180
igle. sldey -crank Mechans (agg- link Mechanism): -
4 Link+ 3T.P.+ 19...
1. Cylindy -fixed
extn Rohrye Reciprocahiggmotin
Coousion
ICE Ongne.
Cqn par = Link +9..p. (at each end)
1 sliding pair- 1..,
1
28-+ 1T.P,
2. Crank Fixed: ( ohitoorth ouick ehuný Mechanigro
(b) nNoME eNgine
tRotary Teengine) RAM
CR Tõo] Ro
2

cank shoke Leggth RR= 2X0c

(9) Connecig od is RoBegy e Rotnry
(a Cank soted Lever Gixed '
Too QRMMest ESEI9B/5
Roteryosillahiors
B
atigg choke agle
<- etnshroke
B

B7- QRMM
Quick nthn alio (Timyating
>1
"shoke
(Time).cdun
gth (RR) = xlength sloted bir
xlength ank
Longt onectirg od
tb) 0scillaHng gine Mechanim: Link
Pistn +Piston, rod - Single
2

(41 slidee-Cixed:- Hand pump/nddum engine/e oggine

gne
rod oneLink
tylindes

’Dosble slidy-Crank chain

yLinka+ 2T.P4 2s,e, Mechanim'.
lay EllipHcal Tammes
A
AP

8in0=
.+ =1
Majof qxg = 24P
Minor axs = 2BP 2emi majorasig
(b) Scotch yoke
Mechanis:
(slides -fixed)
(o oldham Coupling
(ink Comecipa slida is Cixed)

Max. sli ding veloity o hytasnediake plate

Jistang blu too shatxup
 Jnper lant tem
M.A.= Foli
M.A.= To/T;
>gecial purpope Mechanisn -
4"8gle. tMehanisn
"ten= Fi
Fo
stone
M,A.’
oggle ositiong in four 'Bar Mechqnisn:
qt extome poilion2 ln=0), To= 0,
MA=o
Lelt etene Sgbt ex terne.
(2) IntemiHet molion Mechanism '
Continuouy motoo Peiodic motion coith Cons.
(a) heneva Mechamisn' (olp
tb) Ratchet Mechanism;- e. Ubed in
. dockg indering milig m
(3) skering Mechanism :
wAckeonarr) steoing
ony Te. Mechanism'.
. Leso wtqr
"Exact at afoitions Mid posiiong
(b ai, Tioo extne positong
"hevipa
steening
Tp.sP Mechani
both, gm
"Exac at a! Bsilin

Uzed in shiçs 3D Mechamisn

Te. +S. (Cro38ed slides Grank Mechmisn)
4. Shrajght Line motion Mechanism:
4) Exact st. ine motien Mechanipn:
iw Hqr Mechaniam 6t
(") Scott-Ruesel Mechanizm slder
) ModiHed Seot - sbell mecharigany
(3 Approximate st. Libe moion tMechanisn
in Cyashoppe, Mechanis
(" Robe'% Mechaniz
(1) Tchebiche'a Mechanism
artygragh
aHz ndicotr Mechanis

Scale ^pp. s Line molion

Beo’one Link

Binry ink- Gonnecked qt too placs

Temy link:- Gonecked at three pla4
 (Sic ARNHoLD E NNEDY )
’Instanhaneou Cete, of Rotalion
(I-Cetn)
o uT- Cente of Relaive moion bla Linh
2f
A
AR = VA
AL BT CI

"Centodei-Lo uy of -Centy for 4herelaie

moion bto too inka
" Axode . - Locuy ol I-ax o Rotai) for the
elaie moHon bo the ink

MoHon Centrode Axode

|- heneol
Cwved Sutac
2.Rpe Thrtnala koo t. Line Plane Suface
|3.foe ote Hon Poirt st. Line
> No. o I- Cente ina Mechanizm

No.ef LC = {i-)
2

" I-Centu in g Mechanm:

c Rolligg Aaico

2
"livy Caed Sufa.

Can vey

Concave
To find out I-Cenle,!
lith spect to fixed Link
wy jet abeo luje det on
Ia3 TT4 velociy
T34
’kenmedy theoren
For
-

I- Ccoe nut nelalj nolieo tn a meeha nis, any 3Links S

shaj_ht line.:
-’Theoren of Angubr Velocitia'
ny T-Cene (Iinn)
Can be teated on Linkm Can be teated on Link-n
ynn=wTon Tim)
Cage-I
Tnn,In Lie at the Barne Bide Trnn
Dinechion Bme
Cq2e-1Tt Iim, Lin Lie qt the oposike Bide o Imn
Dinection opposite
Link- ’ ixed Link
 <knoun tor al Links
celeralion Aralyss 2
VGA
BA = dVBA BA

BAaA qBA= (BA).NBA

(adid)’ non ter
kleins Contrucion; slider - crmk Mecharisn
ony applied in Basic Ringle
Bale ofl=Td=Vao
esqnk= o TP

Dialag/ Gcent

velouity Toangle BAPo (so roBa Hon)

VA Ve -= Wsank
OA Ap
quadi lateaa) OAR S;- (acceleration digg ram 8¢ rotahon)
BA aG_deiank
RS AR

’obeAvations!.
-Point o pCoinide :oP=0; Ve =o slide, at exeme poston
Point 0s oincide :06= 0 B0, YB=Max , sides at t d
foi t ARCoinise; AR-0: 2A =0: Comecing
postto
oint RS Coingde RS=0 qBA -0 ’BA =0 rod’ranglt on
’ Conioli' qcceleraion
-angular vebuty of body on chich ,lide is
Bliding
cank sloted leve, Mechansm
old hqrn
coupling
 V=0,=0

=0

4,-0
cage-I
’ Swivel Tynnion Joint' Cape-L

('Trumnin Joint)
" bint B Pixed : Lioe l to Link AB

’RelaHw Veloity agproach

(SIR I. Newten)
VGA
mid point
AE
AB qb
wBA

acclecalion diqgrar
 gular Accelerationi
will be I to
change indielion af t "chags inin Mag, ef

n: hyoscopic qceleraHor
ag veloaty e spin
1
yroscopi Torqye
oplRreceg8ion Vetor) Thumb Applied Torque
To( hyroscople Couple ecker) Right Hand Rule
gë"retalion Figgs
Rycv Bpin vectvr (Figs)
en on Rotaing pars-eflect/e. Nop Upf don.
ster bogrd Tun
elt or stan
foe
Port
Ptchigg-Tnevese, axs
Rolling-abot Lorgitalinal ariz
Thee s no precegsion whle olig
rollipg:
yrosopic cuple on Aytomobile:
&ingle uheel R
V:velouty a vehicle W=

"C=Tow,=TV
RY
 for

2wheels 4 Mheels
C- 2Iv2
Ror
ygle of hed Rr

Vm
N

"Bas,ed on video yoSLope , pave/applicd hcy

(shajt)
1141

oBaing
Lyhesm Beig
artg ’ Rolahon as
I Temoved then

per Ancv (on Removing)

Non-rolaing Partg Ro laion as pe, Whcv
Note'- Applied Torqueeg mg ’AMc
Bpin Applied Tocque slart Precessio)’Rycv
(opposke of Applied
Rrecessior Rycv T6rque)
 (-nr)

V= Bin20

V: soine+ Aimo

dt d

Crnay
Cornecliog vod,
AD= laing= in9

- oBino

x kinete analysip o iggle situ crank

Mechaniso:
mass of reiprocali ng part

A: Aren od piston expozel to Flud Preggur at Con end

A t Crank end