12b Projects Sanctioned List 42 Series Further Improvement Collegewise

Abstract of Projects Selected For
Further Improvement under Stream A
ON FARM SOLAR POWERED SEED STORAGE SYSTEM FOR

COMMUNITY LEVEL SEED BANK FOR MARGINAL FARMERS AND TO
CHECK THE SEED GERMINATION RATE
Project Reference No.: 42S_BE_1871
College : Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, Belagavi

Branch : Department of Mechanical Engineering
Guide : Prof. R. H. Angadi
Students : Mr. Maruti B Kempallingavar
Mr. Mahantesh V Maritammanavar
Mr. Ajit R Badiger
Mr. Manjunath N Naikar
Keywords :
Seed Bank, Wet paper towel test method, Peltier effect, thermo electric cooling, Solar energy.
Introduction :
As climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production, growing local varieties,
which have a high degree of genetic diversity, is highly important because these varieties have the
ability to better withstand and adapt to environmental stresses and changes. Setting up community seed
banks may help farmers to acquire varieties that are adapted to local conditions; these varieties may
not be accessible through formal seed systems, may be costly or may suffer from erratic supplies. A
typical peltier plate is of 4x4cm2 semiconductor. Thermoelectric module is made up of thin ceramic
wafers with P and N bismuth telluride semiconductor material connected in series between them.
These elements are electrically parallel connected .
The doping of P type semiconductor is done with some atoms having fewer electrons than what
is required to complete the atomic bond within the crystal lattice. If there is a concern about seed
quality, especially if it is seed that is over a year old, a wet paper towel germination test can be used to
test the seed. A home germination test will provide a reliable estimate in like of an official test some of
seeds used for storing are listed below. Solar energy is the most efficient renewable energy source
available easily and its free.
Seed name Temp ( °C)

Green Gram (Vigna radiata) 12-15
Carrot (Daucus carota subsp.sativus) 15-20
Objectives :
1. To determine seed quality suitability for planting
2. To determine need of drying and processing
3. To store the seeds using solar powered seed storage system on farming
4. The long stored seeds are used to check the seed germination rate by different methods of seed
germination process in bio-technology labs in Horticulture University.
5. The peltier cooling system are used run by solar powered cooling system
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Methodology :
1. After the harvesting of crops the seeds from the marginal farmers are collected which are going
to be used for growing crops for next season
2. The seeds are dusted, cleaned and dried which will be then ready for storage
3. These seeds are then packed in air tight container and then will be placed in a seed storage
system
4. The factors that affect the seed viability must be controlled
5. The temperature of the system should be maintained with the help of thermoelectric cooling
system
6. The storage system should be frequently maintained and checked for variation in humidity of the
atmosphere
7. The germination rate is checked by different methods like soil test method, paper towel method,
rock wool method and plain old regular seed germination method
8. Comparing the seed germination rate of normally stored seeds and seed stored in storage system
Experimental Setup :
The inner cabinet is made air tight with 4 mm of medium density wooden board of 2 ft × 2 ft ×
2 ft which is internally covered with polystyrene sheet from all sides having a total capacity of 56.63
liters. The cabinet is insulated by 0.8 mm thick sun mica sheet from outside for thermal insulation
from surrounding and the polystyrene (thermocol) sheet is covered with 20 mm of medium density
fiber board for maintaining the rigidity of the cabinet. The door is attached with hinges for better and
easy movement of it.
Figure1. ISO View of the project Figure2. Construction of storage unit Figure 3. Experimental setup
Fabrication Procedure :
1. A thermocol box of inner cabin volume of 2 foot is slotted on 1 faces with the reference of the
measurement of CPU heat sinks (50mmx60mm).
2. The inner surface of the cabin is insulated completely using thermocol sheets (20 mm) so as to
isolate the cooling cabin from the atmosphere.
3. The thermo electric module is sandwiched between two CPU heat sinks of different sizes using
thermo paste to set a single unit (it will look exactly like peltier cooling kit which we shown in
above). Thermo paste plays a vital role in conduction of heat from Peltier module to the
aluminum heat sinks. And at the end it is attached to the left side of the storage system where
pocket is made.
4. These units are placed in the cut slots with the smaller CPU heat sinks facing the interior of the
cooling cabin and the larger CPU heat sinks on the outside of the cabin to establish greater heat
rejection.
5. Addition fans are fitted on the outer side of the heat sinks.
6. Electrical connections are made and power is supplied from a AC 12V 6A adapter is connected
to the electric plug
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Applications:
1. Seeds maybe kept for one year without appreciable decrease in germination
2. Storage may extend to ten or more years under proper conditions. Seed moisture and storage
temperature are the most important factors in determining how long seeds can be stored.
3. Maintenance of the seed quality in storage from the time of production until the seed is planted is
imperative to assure its planting value.
4. To check seed quality suitability for planting.
5. It is used to check the need of drying and processing.
6. Solar energy is a renewable energy hence it is used to store the seeds in storage banks.
Scope For Future Work :
1. This system can be further improved by installing thermo sensor which can be programmed
using arduino board, to vary the power supply with in specific range of temperature.
2. Reducing the time of cooling by adding good insulation materials.
3. The same project can be used for storage of dairy products.
4. Seeds like Lettuce, Broccoli can be used as they are having low germination rate
*~*~*
SEWAGE TURBINES:EFFECT OF QUALITY OF TREATED SEWAGE

WATER ON HYDROPOWER GENERATION
Project Reference No: 42S_BE_2636
College : B.M.S. Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru

Branch : Department of Civil Engineering
Guide : Mrs. Archana K.
Students : Mr. Vinay M.S.
Ms. Tulasi G.N.
Mr. Arjunkumar Yadav V.J.
Mr. Bharath M.
Introduction :
Urbanization and dependence of water has resulted in depletion of water resources thus making
recycling of waste water not such a need but a compulsion. As a result, several STP's were established
all around the globe in a very short span. Considering people's notion on treated water, most of the
treated water usage is restricted for landscaping and other general purposes neglecting the potential of
treated water. STP's are designed for different discharge and stages of treatment. Hence it is important
to the power output possible based on the varying treatment quality. We aim to conduct parametric
analysis of quality of treated water and their influence over the generated power. Eventually we try to
create a loop of electricity generated to energize the components of STP which otherwise depend on
fossil fuels.
Energy recovery from treated water is a way of coping to the high energy expenditures. Thus,
making STP‟s self-sustainable.
Objectives:
 To study the hydraulic and treatment parameters at the existing Sewage Treatment Plant
considered.
 To conduct the parametric analysis of treated sewage water on hydro-power generation.
 To estimate the energy savings and cost-benefit analysis in-comparison to other renewable
energy sources.
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 To carryout experimental evaluation of corrosion analysis on using treated water on turbine
blades.
Methodology:
Having the previous study as reference, parametrical analysis for test samples was carried out
and inferred it back with the power generated from it. Thus, trying to identify the critical parameter
responsible for addition power (W) generated because of STP treated water.
Materials
 Mild steel turbine was replaced by Stainless steel turbine
 pH meter, Conductivity meter, density bottle, Turbidity meter, chemicals related to test carried.
Results:
 Parametric study of water samples and output power generated corresponding to them is shown
in Table 1 and Graph 1.
Graph 1 Table 1
Critical parameters identified:
 Conductivity
 TS
 Turbidity
Studies on variation of critical parameters identified Total Solids to be responsible for the potential of
treated waste water to outrun the power generation capacity of that of a tap water.
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Corrosion analysis:
 Type of corrosion observed: Erosion corrosion

 Rate of corrosion: 0.01516 mmpy
Low rate of corrosion.
 Hardness Number: 69 HRB
Cost and Energy analysis:

Following are the results from cost analysis of sewage turbine in comparison with Solar Power.
Table 2: Represents Cost Analysis of Sewage Turbines.

Above results proves that Sewage Turbine designed is more feasible economically in comparison with
Solar energy for generation of same amount of electricity.
Conclusion:
From the experimental results of treatment quality effects of hydropower generation, it is
evident that the net output power generated is dependent on the quality of treated water. Parametrical
variation resulted in giving promising result that the power variation is pre-dominantly depended on
Total Solids present in the treated water.
Corrosion analysis on Mild steel turbine was identified as Erosion Corrosion with a rate of
0.0156 mm/y which is in accordance to ASTM standards a Low rate of corrosion. Reductionin
hardness of material is not significant.
Energy comparison proves Sewage turbines to be more economical when compared to Solar
Panels. Production of solar panels (made of silicon) and their disposal both are proven to be
unsustainable in nature, this acts as an added advantage for the concept of sewage turbines.
further scope of study:

Hydropower from sewage treated water has proven to be promising source of renewable
energy, but under laboratory conditions. Hence further demonstration of power generation in live
condition by connecting treatment plant outlet via penstock could prove its real-time usage for
domestic purposes.
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S.M.A.R.T. PORTABLE FRUIT PRESERVATION SYSTEM
College : Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere

Branch : Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Guide : Dr. Sadashivappa and Dr. Sharan A.S.
Students : Mr. Vinaykumar Hiremath, Mr. Mohan Kumar K. U.
Mr. Srinivas S. V., Mr. Nagesha H. M.
Abstract:
Due to rapid growth of world population there is high demand for packed, preserved food item
worldwide for longer periods to overcome undergoing shortages. Most current preservation techniques
cause a reduction in quality and a loss of vitamins and nutrients, therefore a top priority in food
sciences has been the education of alternative, less stringent techniques. Current food borne microbial
out breaks and the demand to minimize chemical additives in food require a lot of research in order to
find innovative ways to preserve food while maintaining freshness, quality, nutritional content and
safety.
In current project an attempt has been made to develop an approach to delay the ripening of
fruits. The technique combine preservation and packing in one process and is poised to be a useful tool
to the food industry. The technique creates a unique opportunity for both farmers and consumers to
preserve and produce a new kind of storage technique that has many beneficial effects on human
health.
Introduction:
Ripening is a normal phase in the maturation process of fruits and vegetables. Upon its onset, it
only takes about a few days before the fruit or vegetable is considered inedible. This unavoidable
process brings significant losses to both farmers and consumers alike.
The ripening process is then induced by spraying the fruits or vegetables with ethylene gas
when they reach their destination. For long hauls, fruits and vegetables are refrigerated to prevent
damage and delay ripening.
Foods are complex materials containing proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, enzymes, fats,
minerals, water and other organic ingredients with differing compositions. Fruits that have been
harvested prematurely may result in poor taste and quality despite appearing as fully ripened ones.
Fruits transported for long periods under refrigeration also have the tendency to lose their quality.
Shape are extremely important in basic and more advanced life. They make up the world around us.
We are using PYRAMID structure since have supernatural properties. Food kept under a pyramid will
stay fresh for 2-3 times longer than uncovered foods.
Mud is a natural resource which is used to make pot refrigerator, which helps the fruits to retain its
natural properties and maintain favorable temperature conditions.
Acoustic is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound waves. It is versatile and
innovative technology due to its wide range of application. Acoustics helps to slow down the Ethylene
production & respiration rate which promotes delay ripening.
Reinforced Technology:
It is the combined effects of:
 Acoustic Technology ( Sound Waves )
 Mud Technology
 Shape Technology ( Pyramid )
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The above three elements support each other to preserve food stuffs for a longer period of time.
In this project an attempt has been made to store foods for longer period of time.
Objectives:
 We are aiming to delay ripening of fruits in economical way using sound waves, by controlling
the growth of microorganisms during the storage period, thus promoting longer shelf life and
reduced hazard from eating the food.
 Increase in self-life of fruits.
 Storage for longer periods to use in off-seasons.
 Maintaining Fruit Quality: Taste &colour.
Methodology:
Pyramid Low cost Introduction

Observation,
shaped and of
Acoustic Experimentation Conclusion Results and
fruit effective
Technology Discussion
preserver cooling
system
Results and Discussion:

 Finding in this study leads to conclusion that sound wave can be a external stimulus to delay
ripening of tomato fruit.
 Tomato treated with sound waves of 1 kHz delayed changes in surface colour from green to
red.
 Test conducted on different frequencies shows that self-life of fruits is depends on frequency
and temperature applied to the stuff.
Fig. Developed Model
Fig: Color change analysis of tomato fruit ripening at 5, 10 and 15 days after 5-h sound treatment
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Conclusions:
 In our experiment we conducted a two week observatory test on tomatoes. It shows there is a
decrease in growth of micro-organisms which causes delay ripening.
 To evaluate the impact of sound waves on fruit ripening, tomato fruits at the mature green stage
were treated with sound waves of 800 Hz and 1 kHz for 5 h per day.
Findings in this study leads a conclusion that sound wave can be an external stimulus to delay
the ripening of tomato fruit.
*~*~*
SMART HELMET FOR DELIVERY BOY SAFETY CONTROL AND ACTIVITY

ANALYZER USING IOT
Project Proposal No.: 42S_BE_1522
College : G.S.S.S. Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Mysuru

Branch : Department of Information Science and Engineering
Guide : Dr. Reshma Bhanu
Prof. Ayesha Tharanum
Students : Ms. Varshitha R
Ms. Shubha P S
Ms. Ameena Firdous
Ms. Niveditha M
Problem definition :
• In India around 51% of women are in workforce, it is difficult for them to manage both
household and work. Hence, they prefer to order food and shop online.
• In the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of road accidents that
account 25% of total road crash deaths of two wheelers riders.
• Taking into consideration, “The likelihood of survival of fatalities wearing helmets is high as
compared to those not wearing helmets”, the safety of delivery boys who works for online
business travels across areas using two wheelers.
• The aim is to develop a “Smart Helmet” that acts as a security system and monitoring system
• To track the activities of rider and to provide safe riding this project has been proposed.
• In case of any accident occurrence, admin and emergency center will be notified through SMS.
Existing System
 Existing system has helmet unit, were the bikers most of the time they don‟t like to wear
helmet which could be fatal when accidents happens.
 Nowadays most of the countries are enforcing their citizen to wear helmet while riding bike
and not to ride bike when the person is under the influence of alcohol, but still rules are being
violated.
Proposed solution
 The proposed system consists of two units, helmet and vehicle.
 The helmet unit has sensor module to monitor: whether helmet is worn or not, alcohol
detection, touch sensor and accelerometer sensor.
 Based on Radio Frequency signal received, the bike unit starts and stops automatically.
 In case of helmet lost, the vehicle is ignited through android application
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 The helmet has IoT camera to keep track of the delivery boy activities.
 The Gyro sensor senses the gravity and calculates angular velocity to detect the accident and
the location is spotted through the GPRS which has been sent to nearby emergency center and
to the admin.
 Solar panel can be used for power supply through which mobile phone can be charged
Innovation aspect in the proposed solution

 In Helmet the sensor module is built using sensors like alcohol sensor, accelerometer sensor,
touch sensor and all the above sensors are connected to RF transmitter which is placed on
helmet unit to detect weather a person worn helmet are not, once the person wear the helmet
the signals gets transmitted.
 In case of alcohol consumption the vehicle remains off though helmet is worn and status is
uploaded to database
 The rash driving detection is done using accelerometer sensor and rash driving status is
uploaded to database for further action.
 Accident detection system using wireless gyro sensors and tracking accident spot using GPRS.
 Sending SMS to the emergency center as soon as the accident is detected through GSM, and
also the admin will be made aware about the accident of rider to find alternative delivery boy to
ensure on time delivery.
 IoT camera will be installed for recording the live activities of driver‟s
 The helmet unit is covered by the solar cell to store the electrical energy in the batteries, and
same.
 Solar panel is used for charging of mobile phones
Objectives :
• To design a Smart Helmet to ensure wearing of helmet and the rider safety
• To ignite the Vehicle Unit based on the signals received from the Helmet Unit
• To provide an Android Application as a backup to ignite the vehicle in the absence of helmet.
• IoT camera can be installed for recording the live activities of the rider
• Solar panel is used to charge the mobile phones through rechargeable battery
• Accident detection through wireless GYRO sensor and spotting the location using GPRS and
dialing emergency center and admin.
System Requirements
Hardware Requirements
 IOT camera  DC motor
 GPS  DC driver
 GSM  Renesas microcontroller
 Solar panel  Helmet
 Gyro sensor  Ignition sensor
 RF Tx  Rechargeable battery
 Accelerometer sensor  Arduino nano
Software Requirements
 Renesas flash programmer
 Eclipse
 Cube suite
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System Architecture
Figure 1: Block diagram of helmet unit Figure 2: Block diagram of vehicle unit
Figure 3: System Architecture for Smart Helmet
Figure 4: Dataflow Diagram for Delivery Boy Safety Control

Conclusion :
 This project can be used in real time safety system for accident avoidance
 Speed details can be detected and recorded by the speed detection sensor, so that admin has the
track on the actions of delivery boy and further actions would be taken if necessary.
 Safety of delivery boys is considered by using the helmet, which uses less power consumption,
with this we can charge the cell phone battery, by using of solar power as energy
source.Messages can be passed to the admin and hospitals during any emergency.
 Overall Smart helmet is designed to provide security, safety and comfort journey to the rider.
*~*~*
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ZERO COST LPG AND SOLAR REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Project Reference Number : 42S_BE_0802
College : Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar

Guide : Dr. Nagraj R G.
Students : Mr. Salok Singh
Mr. Jatinder Pal Singh
Mr. Md Tauseef Ahmed
Mr. Mohammed Asif
Introduction :
Due to the huge demand of electricity over the world, we think of recovering the energy which is
already spent but not being utilized further, to overcome this crisis with less investment. The climatic
change and global warming demand accessible and affordable cooling systems in the form of
refrigerators and air conditioners. Annually Billions of dollars are spent in serving this purpose. Hence
forth, we suggest COST FREE Cooling Systems. Although government agencies are not able to
continuously supply a major portion of electricity in both the urban as well as in rural areas. Still the
people in these regions require refrigeration for a variety of socially relevant purposes such as cold
storage or storing medical supplies and domestic kitchens this project has the novelty of using LPG
instead of electricity for refrigeration. This solution is convenient for refrigeration in regions having
scares in electricity.
Working :
The basic idea behind LPG refrigerator is to use the LPG to absorb heat. The simple mechanism of the
LPG refrigeration working is shown in the figure below.
1. LPG is stored in the LPG cylinder under high pressure. When the gas tank of regulators is
opened then high pressure LPG passes through the high pressure pipe. This LPG is going by high
pressure gas pipe to capillary tube.
2. High pressure LPG is converted in low pressure at capillary tube with enthalpy remains constant.
3. After capillary tube, low pressure LPG is passed through the evaporator. LPG is converted into
low pressure and temperature vapor from and passes the evaporator which absorbs heat from the
chamber. Thus the chamber becomes cold. Thus we can achieve cooling effect in refrigerator.
4. After this, the low pressure LPG from evaporator is passed through a pump for re-circulation of
the LPG for further refrigeration. The pump is powered by a battery which is charged by a Solar
panel
5. After this, the low pressure LPG from evaporator is passed to the burner through high pressure
pipe and we can use this low pressure LPG for burning for further application. In this project we
use recompressed LPG cylinder instead of compressor. In this way we can achieve refrigerating
effect from this system. Thus we can get refrigerating effect in refrigerator.
6. When cylinder is turned off at this stage the cooling is done by pumping cooled water through a
pump for circulation of the water for refrigeration. The pump is powered by a battery which is
charged by a Solar panel. The cold water from the reservoir is pumped and allowed to flow
through the capillary tube which is coiled around the refrigeration chamber.
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Fig. LPG and solar refrigeration system
Advantages:
1. The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of LPG is 0 and Global warming potential (GWP) is 8
which is significantly negligible as compare to other refrigerant. Apart from environment
friendly, use of LPG also gives us lot of cost advantages.
2. This fridge works without electricity as it eliminates the use of compressor and condenser.
3. Running cost is almost zero.
4. The battery is charged using a Solar panel hence no external power required for its charging or
recharging.
Disadvantages:
1. Efficiency is poor.
2. Leakage of LPG may cause accidents.
Application:
1. It can play an important role in restaurants where continuously cooling and heating is required.
2. It can be useful in remote parts where electricity is not available.
3. It can be used in refineries where consumption of LPG is high.
4. It can be used in automobiles running on LPG or other Gaseous fuels for air conditioning.
Conclusion :
1. This system is cheaper at initial and running cost is almost zero. This system is most suitable
for hotel, industries, refinery, chemical industries where consumption of LPG is very high.
2. Propane is an environmentally friendly alternative to CFCs used currently.
3. Mass flow rate increases with increase in capillary inner diameter and coil diameter whereas
mass flow rate decreases with increase in length. It was observed that the COP of system
increases with similar change in geometry of capillary tube.
4. High COP values were obtained and no operation problems have been encountered as there is
no compressor. The use of LPG as a replacement refrigerant can contribute to the solution of
Ozone depletion problem and global warming.
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WIRELESS SAFE SMART AND SECURED DRIVING STSTEM
VERSION 3.0
College : K.L.E. Dr. M.S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi
Branch : Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Guide : Dr. Rajashri Khanai
Students : Mr. Shashidhar Kumbar, Mr. Sumedh Sollapure
Mr. Vaibhav Tubachi, Ms. Nikita Indi
Keywords:
MQ-3 Sensor, Raspberry Pi 3, LCD, GSM module, Relay, Display, Camera, Arduino Uno.
Introduction:
Road facilities are major concern in the developed areas. Recent study shows that about 60% of
roadway accidents are due to unconsciousness of driver and blindness due to high beam of the head
lights etc. Drunk driving is a major reason of accidents in almost all countries and all over the world.
Alcohol detector in vehicles is implemented for the safety of the people.
Only having a key, vehicle is not secured because of duplication of key so, to have a security, in
this system password is provided along with key using keypad interface. During a night drive high
beam of incoming traffic causes a temporary blindness which may lead to an accident. This problem is
addressed by an automatic vehicle head light control system. Violating the speed limit in the speed
restricted areas causes accidents which leads to loss of life of innocent people. To address this issue a
speed restriction warning system is designed that warns the driver to slow down in speed restricted
areas. when car is parked outside the parking roof there is no ventilation inside. This is the serious
problem which causes suffocation when the driver enters the car. A ventilation system is to be
designed that maintains the humidity inside the car even when the car is „OFF‟.
Objectives:
 To develop a password-controlled ignition system.
 To detect alcohol concentration and control ignition and speed of vehicle.
 To develop a overtake assistance system to help a safe overtaking of HMV‟s.
 To automatically dip vehicle head light at night.
 To control speed of vehicle at speed restricted areas.
 To develop Ventilation system which controls humidity inside the car when parked outside the
parking roof.
Methodology:
1. Password based smart ignition control

Any vehicle is not safe because duplication of vehicle key is possible and vehicle can be
stolen. Hence there is a need of system that controls ignition only if both key of the vehicle and the
password entered by the vehicle is correct. When the key and password is correct, the microcontroller
drives a relay and vehicle can be started.
2. Alcohol detection and control of ignition

Drink and drive are the major problem which has led to many accidents. There is a high
probability of accidents when a drunken driver drives a vehicle, to avoid this alcohol detection and
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ignition control system is designed which allows the driver to start the vehicle only when is not drunk.
The system consists of an alcohol detector sensor if the driver drinks alcohol while driving, the speed
of the vehicle automatically reduces and the vehicle cannot cross a threshold speed.
3. GPS based tracking and speed control at restricted areas

It is seen that over speeding of vehicle leads to death of pedestrian and animals at speed
restricted areas. Hence a GPS based system is used to get the location of the vehicle and if the location
is speed restricted then the vehicle speed automatically slows down to restricted speed. This is done
using a vehicle speed controller unit which is to be designed.
4. Automated Vehicle Head Light Control

The main problem during night drive is the high beam of light (caused by a vehicle
approaching the driver in opposite direction), that causes temporary blindness. Hence the driver may
not be able to see the road properly and cannot judge the incoming obstacle. The solution that we
suggest is automatic dipping of vehicle head light, where a vehicle approaching the driver in opposite
direction with his head lights „ON‟ is automatically detected using a camera, the captured frames are
processed using image processing Fig 1. The processing involves detection of while light using HSV
values of white light, masking the frames to extract white light and then based on the width and height
of the white light signal is passed to microcontroller to switch the head lights to low beam. This
system is designed and implemented on Maruti Suzuki Alto 800.
5. Vehicle overtake assistance system

Overtaking vehicles becomes tedious when the road width is small. This becomes more
challenging when the vehicle which is to be overtook is a HMV (Heavy motive vehicle). The driver
needs to be very careful while overtaking. Hence to assist driver to overtake these kinds of vehicles, a
camera is placed in front of HMV and a display is attached behind the vehicle which displays front
portion of vehicle. Hence the driver who is above to overtake HMV can take help of this system for
safe overtaking.
6. Ventilation inside car when parked outside the parking roof

This is serious problem in cars. When car is parked outside the parking roof, the car cabins
humidity increases as there is no ventilation inside the car. This leads to suffocation when the driver
enters the car after parking the car outside the roof for a long period. A ventilation system is
designed, that maintains the humidity inside the car even when the car is „OFF‟. The idea is to
automatically switch „ON‟ the ventilation system when user sends message to the system before 5-
10 minutes entering the car.
Hardware Requirements:
 MQ-3 Sensor  GPS module
 LCD display  Relay
 Keypad  Raspberry pi 3B+
 GSM module  Arduino Uno
Software Requirements:
 Arduino IDE
 Python open CV
 Rasbian OS
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Block Diagram:
Fig 1: Block diagram of Automatic Vehicle Head Light Control System Fig 2: Block diagram showing interfacing of sensors and relays with
Arduino Uno.
Results & Conclusion:

Six features have been addressed in our project. The keypad-based ignition control and alcohol
detection is addressed in project which helps to overcome the duplication of key and drunk and drive
problem Fig 3. Automatic headlight control during night is shown in Fig 5 gives the safe driving
during night. The overtaking assistance system and speed restriction warning provides on road safety
to drivers. The last feature involves the ventilation system when parked outside the parking roof is
implemented using GSM module Fig 3.
Fig 3. Overall control unit Fig 4. Keypad based ignition control
Fig 5. Automatic Headlight control in real time
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DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL WITH
EMERGENCY OVERRIDE
College : K.L.S.‟s Vishwanatharao Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal

Branch : Department of Eletronics and Communication Engineering
Guide : Dr. Arun L. Kakhandki
Students : Ms. Akshata Mathpati, Ms. Bharti Kabbur
Ms. Nakita Purohit, Ms. Pavitra Badiger
Introduction:
Nowadays one of the major problems faced in any metro city is traffic congestion. Getting
stranded in between heavy traffic is a headache for each and every person driving the vehicle and even
to the traffic police controlling the traffic. One of the oldest ways of handling traffic was having a
traffic police deployed at each junction and manually controls the inflow of traffic through hand
signaling. However this was quite cumbersome and then came the need for a different type of control -
using Traffic Control Signals. Conventional Traffic signal started playing important role in cities, but
as time passed, with increase in population in cities, this system became less efficient in traffic
management. This called the need of traffic control signal which works more efficiently. So density
based traffic control signal is proposed which allocates time for each road depending on the density of
traffic on it. And also the project aims to provide signal override for emergency vehicles through RF
signal. It happens when there is an emergency situation like ambulance, fire brigade stuck in the
traffic. This project therefore happens to be the perfect solution in high population cities.
This circuit makes use of IR sensors to measure the density of traffic. These sensors are interfaced
with raspberry pi which in turn allocates time for each lane according to the output of IR sensors
through traffic signal depending upon the density of the lane. The emergency override is done using
android application. The person in the vehicle makes use of app to send data of the lane. The control
signal turns on the green light for the emergency vehicle lane, turning all the signals of other lanes to
be red providing an emergency override.
Objectives:
1. The project aims to provide signal override for emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire brigade
stuck in traffic through an Android application control.
2. The system allocates time for each lane depending on the density of traffic on the lane.
Methodology
Block Diagram:
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Work flow:
Each lane is divided into three sections as Low, Medium and High traffic density regions. At
the beginning of medium and high density sections, sensors are mounted to show the respective traffic
situation on a road and to assign appropriate green light time to each lane.
When density of traffic is measured by IR sensors mounted on each lane, system gives pre-
defined interval of time to each road in accordance with the traffic density on it to clear its traffic by
making green light ON for that lane. This normal operation continues until override signal occurs.
When override signal occurs system halts its normal operation and starts executing the override signal
and again comes back to the normal operation after execution. This helps the emergency vehicles like
ambulance, fire-brigade etc. on any road to pass the signal without unnecessary waiting for the signal
to be turn green for a lane it is on, with the help of android app. The person in the vehicle makes use of
app to send data of the lane. The control signal turns on the green light for the emergency vehicle lane,
turning all the signals of other lanes to be red providing an emergency override.
Results and Conclusion:

The proposed system provides time efficient system by avoiding unnecessary waiting at traffic
signal junction due to use of density based controlling. It is priority based system as it provides
Emergency override and therefore avoiding any possible damage.
Future work:
1. Interfacing RFID to detect the emergency vehicle..
2. Model can implemented in metro cities.
*~*~*
NATURALLY ASPIRATED DOMESTIC RADIANT LPG BURNER

College : K.L.S. Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal

Guide : Prof. Shankar Badiger
Students : Mr. Puneet V Shirahatti
Mr. Akshaykumar Burse
Mr. Sanjeev S Sattigeri
Mr. Siddarth Badiger
Introduction :
• In India and other Asian countries, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is the most commonly used
conventional fuel.
• India is the second largest country in the world to use LPG fuel.
• The maximum thermal efficiency of the LPG cooking stoves is around 60-65%.
• Small improvement in the efficiency of the burner could conserve the fuel.
Experimental setup
1. Novelty/Innovation of the modified device:
The domestic conventional burner would be replacing by the two-layer radiant burner. The
preheating zone and the combustion zone to increase the heating efficiency and stabilize the
combustion. Both primary air and secondary air is supplied unlike other work done by the previous
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investigators. The thermal camera is used to study the temperature distribution on the target plate
(cooking pot).
The burner designed is having the settling chamber (as shown in fig.1) in which LPG enters in
the opposite directions and enters into the preheating zone and to the combustion zone. The wire mesh
is provided to support the steel balls.
The primary air and LPG gets mixed in the mixing tube and enters the burner. The secondary
air required for the combustion is obtained by the space provided at the center of the burner. The
known quantity of the fuel is set using the control valve and flow rate is calculated using the designed,
fabricated and calibrated orifice meter.
Fig. Experimental setup
The heating efficiency will be carried out according to the BIS by heating the known
quantity of water in the pan. The water is heated to the 800C and then stirring of water is started up to
900C. The time taken to heat the water is noted down.
The temperature distribution on the pan is carried by heating the quartz plate and temperature
data will be acquired with the help of thermal camera.
Results and discussions :

The flame appearance and its shapes have been studied for the various types of burner for the
different thermal inputs. These flame shapes are obtained by impinging to the quartz plate. The
different thermal inputs studied are 0.724,0.868,0.965,1.086 and 1.206 KW. The heating efficiency
was carried out by conducting the boiling test according to BIS(4246:2002) for different domestic
burners like conventional burner, SiC porous burner (10 PPI), Metal chips porous burner and stainless
steel balls porous burner.
(a) (b)
Fig 2. flame shapes for SiC porous burner: (a)Thermal input=0.724 KW, (b) Thermal input = 1.206 KW
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(c) (d)
Fig 3. flame shapes for Metal Chips porous burner: (a)Thermal input=0.724 KW, (b) Thermal input = 1.206 KW
(e) (f)
Fig 4. flame shapes for Conventional burner: (a)Thermal input=0.724 KW, (b) Thermal input = 1.206 KW
Conclusion :
• Performance of porous radiant burner for the domestic LPG stove were tested
• Heating efficiency:
• CB= 62.44%
• 10PPI SiC as combustion zone = 64.78%
• Stainless steel balls as combustion zone= 65.47%
• Metal chips as combustion zone= 66.48%
• Average temperature:
• 10PPI SiC as combustion zone = 47.817 0C
• Stainless steel balls as combustion zone= 53.34560C
• Metal chips as combustion zone = 54.5826 0C
*~*~*
MULTIPURPOSE MACHINE FOR ARECA NUT FARMING
Project Reference Number: 42S_BE_2955
College : Mangalore Institute Of Technology & Engineering, Moodbidri

Branch : Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Guide : Mr. Mohan Kumar
Students : Mr. Deekshith
Mr. Kaushik K Shetty
Mr. Nikhil Johnson
Mr. Puneeth Kumar
Introduction :
The people in rural areas of south India like Karnataka and Kerala mainly depend on
agriculture for their livelihood. The main crops grown are Areca nut and coconut. For spraying and
applying pesticides on the crown and also for harvesting, skilled laborers have to climb manually up
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the tree. Such a process looks easy, in reality it is time consuming and dangerous task. Areca nut trees
attain a height of about 13-16 meters. It is mandatory to climb the trees a minimum of five times a year
for a successful harvest- twice for the preventive spray against fungal disease, and thrice to harvest the
areca nut.
Only skilled laborers can carry out these farming operations. They have to climb the trees using
muscle power. In an acre that has 550 trees, a laborer has to climb a minimum of 100 to 160 trees. As
this involves real hard, physical exertion, younger generations of laborers are losing interest, with
potentially harsh implications for areca nut cultivation. The spraying is done in monsoon, while
harvest time is typically in summer. It requires skill to climb areca nut tree. Skilled areca nut tree
climbers have become scarce and farmers are finding it difficult to spray the pesticides.
There is a need to invent a device to address efficiency, safety and cost effective. The design of
the device has to be simple enough for villagers to operate, yet work efficiently to appeal to the
majority. In present days the climbing methods that are been used by the farmer are Rope climbing
method and Rectangle wooden seat climbing method. Rope climber is economical and simple in
design which consists of rope of length one meter twisted to the shape of the sandal, the user wears this
sandal and climb the tree manually. In rectangle wooden seat climber the user hangs the wooden seat
on his back and climbs the tree manually, once he reaches the tree top he ties the wooden seat to the
tree and rest on the seat to harvest the areca nut. Although this two methods are simple and
economical. It is not safe and cause physical strain to the user.
In summary although many device were invented to climb the areca nut tree it was not
economical and user friendly. In this project aimed to overcome these deficiencies by developing a
multifunctional machine for areca nut farming. This research is useful for climbing, cutting and
spraying pesticides on single tree to multi trees in 3600. Cutting is mainly done using telescopic arm
with the help of high speed motor.
Objectives :
The purpose of this project is to combine agricultural operations like areca nut tree climbing,
pesticide spraying and cutting the bunch of areca nut in a single machine using necessary equipment.
Methodology :
The project consists of three main systems
 The climbing system
 The spraying system
 The areca nut bunch cutting system
Climbing system Spraying system Cutting system
Working of climbing system:

The machine will consist of a single frame which is connected around the areca nut tree with
the help of supporting rollers that can be adjusted as the diameter of the tree. The frame is fitted with
the 2 roller along with the shaft. The one end of the shaft is connected to the pulley and the sprocket.
The rollers are attached to the frame with a help of bearing. 2 rollers are connected with the help of
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two V-belts both rollers rotates in the same direction. Upper shaft consists of a sprocket which is
connected to another sprocket with the help of chain. One more chain and sprocket is connected
between the speed reduction gear and cordless drill machine. The motion of the drill machine can be
controlled with the help of DPDT switch or with a wired RC controller, here we can control the speed
and forward and reverse motion of the drill machine. The sprayer system or cutting system can be
attached to the climbing system with the help of nut and bolt.
Working of spraying system:
The sprayer base is first fitted into the frame of a climbing system with the help of bolt and nut.
This sprayer base holds circular ring, this circular ring is fitted around a areca nut tree in order to form
a circle. The circular ring is connected with rollers and motors to provide 3600 rotation to the circular
frame. Nozzle which is used to spray pesticides is fitted to the circular ring and an additional motor is
fitted to the nozzle to provide upward and downward motion. Spraying of pesticides is carried out in
3600 rotation, any type of sprayer pump can be attached for this system.
Working of cutting system:
Cutter base is first fitted in to the frame of a climbing system with the help of bolt and nut.
Cutter base holds the extendable arm and one cutting blade with motor. Spring is used to connect
cutter base and an extendable arm. Another cutter is rigidly fixed to the cutter base, this cutter will be
straight i.e.900 and this cutter is used to cut the bunch of areca nut on which machine is used to climb.
One more cutting blade and motor is attached to the extendable arm, to cut the areca nut from a
neighboring tree this extendable arm is pulled manually downward i.e. 1800 with the help of rope and
the arm can be extended for different length .This arm is arranged in telescopic format. Cutting action
of a cutter is carried out by using motor. Here cutting of areca nut from nearest tree is carried out in a
2700 rotation.
Results and Discussions :

Climbing system:
The climber system for areca nut tree is designed
and tested for various areca nut trees. The unit is capable
of climbing tree for about 20 feet. The climbing
capabilities can be further increased by using power full
motors or 2stroke engine. The unit is also climb in wet
condition and is able to climb the areca nut tree without
slips. In future good quality springs can be used for better
operation as the diameter of the tree decreases it will
contract and as the diameter increase it will expands with
high grip around the tree.
Cutting system:
There are two cutters used in the cutting system
one cutter it is fixed it cuts the areca nut from the same
tree, in future fixed cutter can be made into adjustable
so it can cut the areca nut with high precision. Another
cutter is extendable it is used for cutting the areca nut
from the nearer trees it does not worked as expected
because it is manually operated so it is difficult to
operate. In future this can be made automated so it can
be operated easily.
Spraying system:
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The spraying system is capable of controlling the
direction of the sprayer nozzle and the angle of nozzle. Spraying
of pesticide can be done at 3600angle with high accuracy. Any
type of sprayer pump can be used for this system
Conclusions :
 Multipurpose machine for areca nut farming is a unique
model which serves as a great help and boon to areca nut
farmers.
 The multipurpose machine has been tested on areca nut
tree with satisfactory results.
 A farmer with little or no technical knowledge can easily operate the machine from the ground
with a remote control.
 The project concludes that the areca nut tree climber and pesticide sprayer is a safe, reliable,
efficient robot and reduces the risk involved in manual climbing and spraying to a great extent.
 By installing properly designed sprayers or cutting device many number of trees can be
harvested in a single climb thus increasing the efficiency.
So, we conclude that the multitalented robot machine is a safe, reliable, efficient and automatic
tree climber which reduces the problems in climbing the areca nut tree and also it solve most of
areca nut harvesting problem.
Future scope :
 Wireless technology can be adopted.
 Lowering the weight.
 Wheels with better frictional co-efficient can be designed.
 The process of cutting can also be made fully automatic using robotic arms.
 Computer vision can be added.
 Improving of 2700 cutting system.
*~*~*
ಗಚುಂಡಿಗಳ ಪತ್ತೆ ಹಚ್ಚುವಿಕತ - ANDROID BASED APPLICATION TO DETECT

POTHOLES AND UNEVEN ROADS IN BENGALURU
College : New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru

Branch : Department of Information Science and Engineering
Guide : Dr. R.J. Anandhi
Students : Mr. Roshan Kumar Gupta
Mr. Anirudh Panchangam
Mr. Preetham R
Keywords:
GPS, Geographical location, Pothole detection, sensors, Android
Introduction :
A well maintained road is must for the well-being and the development of a country and it
contribute a major portion to the country‟s economy. It provides safe travelling and helps in avoiding
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accidents. Injuries and deaths by road accidents is a major issue in India and become a great
obstruction in development. The accidents mainly caused due to bad road conditions and potholes in
the road. Identification of pavement distress such as potholes and humps not only helps drivers to
avoid accidents or vehicle damages, but also helps authorities to maintain roads. Over the last two
decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the vehicle population. This proliferation of vehicles
has led to problems such as traffic congestion and increase in the number of road accidents. Pathetic
condition of roads is a boosting factor for traffic congestion and accidents. Researchers are working in
the area of traffic congestion control, an integral part of vehicular area networks, which is the need of
the hour today. Monitoring the road condition has gained significant importance in recent years, which
will ensure safety and comfort to various road users and smooth roads will lead to less vehicle damage.
This project proposes a solution to identify the potholes on roads and provides timely alerts to drivers
to avoid accidents or vehicle damages.
Objective :
The objectives proposed for Phase II:
1. Differentiate between the potholes and color-code them.
2. Display these potholes precisely on the maps.
3. Learn dynamically new potholes or potholes for a new route.
4. Differentiating the size of the potholes and warning the user accordingly.
The objectives achieved in Phase I:

1. Reduce the likelihood of accidents by warning the users about uneven roads.
2. Provide a navigation system for the users showing the condition of the roads.
3. Show the maps as an outlay to the user interface.
4. Warn any user that is approaching a pothole.
5. Provide alternate routes to a destination with less potholes.
6. Detect the potholes in uneven roads.
Materials :
1. The accelerometer which measures the acceleration and its changes the motion of the phone.
2. The gyroscope measures the orientation of the position of the scope.
3. The magnetometer shows the direction of the magnetic north pole.
4. The GPS sensor will provide the coordinates of the locations of the phones.
5. Smart phone - Web App
Methodology :
Improvisation Proposed for Phase-II:
1. When the pothole is detected, the latitude and longitude coordinates will be retrieved from the
GPS sensor. This is stored in a central database. The pothole will be categorized based on the
depth of the pothole. The map showing the location of the pothole will be colour coded. Red
will be used for severely bad roads; Orange will be used for moderately bad roads and Yellow
will be used for smaller potholes and uneven roads.
2. Once the pothole is detected and based on the magnitude of the accelerometer a threshold value
can be identified by observing the magnitude of various sizes and depths of the pothole.
3. The threshold value will act as check point and intimate the user if really a significant pothole
is existing
4. If the user is travelling in a new route, the new potholes will be identified based on threshold
and stored in the database.
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Methodology adapted for Phase-1:
1. This application will utilize the four sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and
global positioning system) to analyze the level of unevenness (potholes and damaged roads) of
the road.
2. The accelerometer measures the acceleration and its changes of the motion of the phone. The
gyroscope measures the orientation of the position of the scope. The magnetometer shows the
direction of the magnetic north pole. The GPS sensor will provide the coordinates of the
locations of the phones.
3. When a pothole is encountered, there is an increase in acceleration in the downward direction.
This acceleration is accessed by the android application. Based on the magnitude of the
acceleration, the depth of the pothole can be inferred. A deeper pothole will result in a higher
acceleration.
4. When the pothole is detected, the latitude and longitude coordinates will be retrieved from the
GPS sensor. This is stored in a central database. The pothole will be categorized based on the
rate of change in velocity of the bike.
5. The user will input the type of vehicle he/she uses, i.e., two-wheeler or four-wheeler. Pothole
locations will be stored separately for two-wheelers and four-wheelers because the acceleration
value will vary for the two.
6. Based on the magnitude of the acceleration, the depth of the pothole can be inferred. A deeper
pothole will result in a higher acceleration. When the pothole is detected, the latitude and
longitude coordinates will be retrieved from the GPS sensor. This is stored in a central
database.
7. The pothole will be categorized based on the depth of the pothole. The map showing the
location of the pothole will be color coded. Red will be used for severely bad roads; Orange
will be used for moderately bad roads; Yellow will be used for smaller potholes; and Green for
good roads.
8. The user will input the type of vehicle he/she uses, i.e., two-wheeler or four-wheeler. Pothole
locations will be stored separately for two-wheelers and four-wheelers because the acceleration
value will vary for the two.
Results and Conclusion :

1. Severity of the potholes on the road is classified using the various color codes accordingly.
This will be upgraded dynamically, as sometimes size of potholes keeps increasing in size after
every rainy season.
2. Earlier prototype reacts to the database contents and if a new route is used by a end user, it will
not give any suggestions. But, the proposed one will start learning about new potholes and
update the database incrementally. Hence, new route will serve as a learning phase. Dynamic
learning is enabled.
3. Earlier prototype will generate alert signals, irrespective of size of pothole, hence many times
even small potholes was raising alerts, thereby causing irritation to the user. In this proposal, a
threshold is calculated and alerts will be generated only when sizable holes are detected. False
alarms eliminated.
4. Dynamic learning about new potholes and up gradation of the severity based on the size of the
pot hole.
Results of the improvised work:
Novelty/Innovation of the modified device:
1. Earlier phase of the project concentrated on all potholes irrespective of the dimensions. Hence
even a small pothole resulted in raising too many alarms. The novelty of this phase involves in
identifying the size of the potholes based on the strength of the gyroscopic signals.
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2. This app will learn dynamically by prompting the end user when he travels in new route.
3. Minimum cost factor involved as the Gyroscope and the GPS trackers already available in the
Smart Phones.
4. Data collection for electronic city area already done and key areas in Bengaluru, where
increased number of two-wheelers will be computed in this phase.
Future Work :
1. API can be developed by which the government can access the data base.
2. Government can change the data base based on the repair work carried out for the pothole and
public will be aware of the status of pothole repair by seeing the display board status near the
pothole with the pothole ID.
*~*~*
MODIFICATION OF NEEM SEED DE-PULPING MACHINE

College : S.J.M. Institute of Technology, Chitradurga

Branch : Department Mechanical Engineering
Guide : Prof. Tharesh S.
Students : Mr. Dilip T.S.
Mr. Giridharmaraj B.
Introduction:
NEEM oil has become more attractive in the recent past owing to its environmental benefits
and the facts that it is made from renewable resources. Neem oil is a renewable and potentially
inexhaustible source of energy with an energetic content close to diesel fuel. Oils derived from fossils
may in course of time become obsolete but not bio oils.
This project is mainly based of modification of neem seed de-pulping machine in order to
increase the efficiency of the machine and reduce the cost of the machine to help mainly farmers.
Modifications Done :
1. Modification in the design of neem seed de-pulping machine.
2. Design and fabrication of the hopper.
Objectives:
1. To set an experimental setup for de-pulping of Neem seed
2. To complete the process in less time compared to other machines
3. To increase the efficiency of the machine.
4. To make the machine economical.
Methodology:
1. Fabrication of a temporary model.
2. Initial testing and observations on old machine
3. Design modification of neem seed de-pulping machine.
4. Fabrication of modified neem seed de-pulping machine.
5. Final experimentation and result analysis.
6. comparison between old and modified machine
This project deals with de-pulping of neem seeds which will in turn reduce the wastage of
neem oil during extraction of the same. The outer pulp of neem seeds is found to absorb oil during its
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extraction, so it is necessary to remove the outer pulp. The present method of removing the outer pulp
is manual which is tedious and time consuming. Also, the cost of de-pulped seeds is nearly 3 times
more than that of normal seeds in the market.
So, In this project, we have made an attempt to modify "Neem Seed De-Pulping Machine". We
have made sure that the dimension of parts come in accordance with good specification.
Fig: Drawings of modified neem seed de-pulping machine
Results:
Final Experimentation:
Sl. Soaking period Weight Speed Machine Remarks
No. (in hrs) (in kg) (in rpm) run time
(in sec)
1. 24 1 450 10 No de-pulping
2. 24 1 450 25 Good
3. 24 1 450 35 paste
Neem Seeds after 10 sec Neem seeds after 25 sec Neem seeds after 35 sec
Conclusions :
The experimentation work on the final model revealed a good result. Even the capacity of the
machine is found satisfactory when run at 450 rpm and continuous feeding of 1.5Kg of seeds at a time
with a break of 1or 2 Sec. for each feed. The time is around 25 Sec for each load. The only drawback
is the cost. Since it is designed for formers the cost should be reduced.
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Scope For Future Work:
A cleaning mechanism can be designed for cleaning the de-pulped seeds. An hot air drying
mechanism can be designed for drying the seeds. The whole machine can be designed for one or two
Kg capacity and continuous feeding instead of 10Kg capacity and hence cost can be reduced.
*~*~*
ELECTRIC BILLING SYSTEM AND HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT

College : S.T.J. Institute of Technology, Ranebennur

Branch : Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Guide : Mr. Santhosh Raikar M
Students : Mr. Basanagoud C. Kuravattigoudar, Mr. Basavaraj M.G.
Mr. Vinayakumar Dange, Ms. Vidya J.
Introduction:
In the Internet of Things (IoT) model, many of the living and non-living things that encompass
us will be on the internet in one form or another. Driven by the popularity of gadgets empowered by
wireless technological innovation such as wireless Bluetooth radio frequency identification, wireless
fidelity embedded sensor, IoT has moved out from its beginning stage and it is actually on the edge of
changing the present fixed internet into a well featured upcoming internet. Currently there are almost
nine billion niter-connected gadgets and it is estimated to touch almost fifty billion by 2020.
Today the world is facing such an environment that offers challenges. Energy crisis is the main
problem faced by our society. A relevant system to control and monitor the power usage is one of the
solutions for this problem. One approach through which today‟s energy crisis can be addressed is
through the reduction of power usage in households. The consumers are increasing rapidly and also
burden on electricity offering divisions is sharply increasing. The consumers must be facilitated by
giving them an ideal solution: - i.e. the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) meters and on the other
hand service provider end can also be informed about electricity thefts using theft detection unit.
There are situations like, we are going outside and power is not there. So we will forget to
switch off all fans and lights. If the power comes, before we come back to our home leads to power
wastage. By using our project we can reduce power wastage, by the same time homeowner can send
the appropriate message to trip off those power, we can switch off all equipment‟s and thereby reduce
the power consumption, Using this project farmer can trip OFF & trip ON his pump set and also
known current information about the remote place, by doing little modifications, it can be used as
home appliances controller.
Objectives :
1. Encryption techniques present at each house for securely sending the data
2. A consistent database of all the details of each house.
3. Presence of an IoT application at each house and a central at the office to manage the house.
4. To measure home consumption using current sensor is displayed in LCD
Methodology:
Project describes the automatic electricity billing system. Here we used an IR sensor, it has
placed near the electricity measuring instrument, it will sense the rotation of the wheel in the electricity
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instrument and generates the pulses, and microcontroller read that pulses and count it, microcontroller
processes the information according to program and sends to server, where the data can be obverse by
the KEB person and can generate the bill, it will trip OFF or trip ON a solid state relay and also send
the appropriate messages from KEB person using IoT technology.
Block diagram of Home automation and energy meter using IOT
Circuit diagram:
IR Sensor: This sensor is very sensitive. It will sense if any abstract pass through that sensor path and
it will operate in very low voltage, means power consumption is very low.
Preamplifier: The output of sensor is given to the pre-amplifier for adding extra strength to the signals
because the output of sensor cannot drive any circuit directly. So this section is used to amplify the
weak signals and converting it into strong one.
Display: we are using 16x2 LCD display, it will display the units and count of the wheel is rotating in
analog meter. And also display the appropriate electricity bill.
Solid state relay: n this relay there is no coil, spring, or mechanical contact switch, the entire relay is
made up of semiconductor material because no mechanical parts are involved in solid state relays, their
switching response time is much faster than that of electromagnetic relay. So we can use this solid
state relay to trip on and trip off the electricity.
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Results & Conclusions :
Results:
Step 1: Switch on power supply. Initially lights and Fan is Off
Step 2: Connect the wifi module. Send a commend through the Google by user.
Step 3: By the instruction of user lights and fan is on.
Step 4: Electric billing system Record the all data from meter its displayed on LCD and continuously
data will send to user.
In our Approach we design a system with IR sensor and IoT technology. Instead of this we can use SPI
metering IC which will provide more parameters. By using phase we can extend to the three phase
supply.
Conclusions:
An attempt has been made to make a practical model of „IoT Based Smart Energy Meter.‟ The
propagated model is used to calculate the energy consumption of the household, and even make the
energy unit reading to be handy. Hence it reduces the wastage of energy and bring awareness among
all. Even it will deduct the manual intervention.
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Scope of future work:
We can use zigbee module to improve the internet. By using digital energy meter we can
reduce the size of the system. Voice alerts can be used to indicate the various controlling devices there
status of operation. Advance microcontroller with bigger flash memories can be used to create an
increased number of functions and programs for better functionality and for a user friendly interface.
We can include the touch sensor or pressure sensor in the system so that security is provided whenever
intruders try to tamper the electric meter.
*~*~*
ENHANCEMENT IN DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND PEFORMANCE

OF MULTISEASONAL HARVESTING MACHINE WITH
MULTIPLE OPERATIONS
College : SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapura

Guides : Dr. Syed Abbas Ali
Mr. Altaf Hussain Bagwan
Students : Ms. Balappa L H., Mr. Mohamed Ali Bagwan
Mr. Sunil Rathod, Mr. Mastan Ali Mulla
Keywords:
Harvesting Machine, Cutting Operation, Sprayer Operation
Introduction:
It is a science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops. It is also called farming.
Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy. India is a country which is dependent on farming as a
main source of income for many families. As far as Indian scenario is concerned, more than 75 percent
farmers are belonging to small and marginal land carrying. So any improvement in the productivity
related task help to increase Indian farmer‟s status and economy. The current agriculture equipments
has lot of limitation and it required more energy to operate. In India agriculture is facing serious
challenges like scarcity of agricultural labour, not only in peak working seasons but also in normal
time. This is mainly for increased nonfarm job opportunities having higher wage, migration of labour
force to cities and low status of agricultural labours in the society. Further, the agriculture farming
system is shown in Fig. 1.1
Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system
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Harvesting
Harvesting is a process of cutting and gathering of mature crop from the field. Harvester is a
machine is used for harvesting. Different types of harvesting machines are available in the market
namely crop harvester, onion harvester, paddy harvester, tea harvester, potato harvester, wheat
harvester and sugarcane harvester.
Harvesting Methods
Manual harvesting method
In this method, harvesting is done manually with the help of human. Manual harvesting is
dominant in the developing country. In this, the land is first set on fire. The fire burns dry leaves
without harming the stalks and roots. Then labors cut the cane just above the ground level using the
canes or machetes. The manual harvesting is more intensive as compare to machine harvesting.
Further, the manual harvesting method is time consuming, efficient work may not be done and the cost
required for harvesting is also more.
Machine harvesting method

In this method, harvesting is done with the help of machine. It is fully automated it requires
very less time for cutting sugarcane around large area. The machine harvesting is having high initial
cost, high operating cost, applicable for only large scale farmers, skilled labor required to operate the
machine and area require for operation is also more. Further, the field survey is given in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Field survey
Sl. Former Name Area Crop Labor Labors Time Cost/Acre
No Availability /Acre Required
1 Kallappa Shahapur Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 2500
Mang
Wheat Medium 6 14 hrs. 4000
Tor Dal Difficult 8 14 hrs. 2700
2 Mallnna Shahapur Rice Difficult 8 10 hrs. 3000
Walikar
3 Rajasaheb Shahapur Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 3000
Nadaf
Summary of survey/Need of present model

After reviewing the literature some of the points have been observed and summarized as below:
1. Need a machine which will be useful for small formers having 4 to 5 acres land.
2. Need of machine which is very easy and skilled person is not required to operate.
3. Need to minimize the process duration for each operation compare to manual operation.
4. The existing machine and manual method is not economical, having less efficiency and the
mechanism involved is complex.
5. Need of machine which is working in all three seasons.
Objectives:
The objectives of the present study are as given below:
1. To design the harvesting machine for cutting, conveying purpose.
2. To make the machine provided with gear box and steering mechanism.
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3. To make the machine provided with pesticide sprayer
4. To make the machine lighter by doing detailed analysis of design & removing excess material
wherever it is not necessary.
5. To check the performance of adjustable mechanism and harvesting machine in all seasons.
Methodology/Design/Fabrication:
The methodology adopted for this project as follows
1. Design of all individual parts of machine
2. Fabrication of frame & other parts like blades etc.
3. Selection of engine/motor
4. Assembly of all fabricated parts
5. Testing of working model.
Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model
Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter
Fig. 4.3 Chassis main frame and cutting of blades
Fig. 4.4 Fabrication process Fig. 4.5 Complete Model
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Modification to old model
Improvised work with respect to previously awarded project (41S_BE_1432) Improvised work
presented in table below:
Details Previous work Current Work Status
Gear box Not available in Machine will be provided with gear Gear box is not included as it is not required.
previous work box. Instead of gear box gear less engine is installed
to run the machine.
Steering System Not available in Machine will be provided with Yes, included in current work
previous work steering mechanism
Pesticide sprayer Not available in Machine will be provided with Yes, included in current work
previous work pesticide sprayer so that it can be
used for multiple operations like
harvesting and spraying
Weight Heavy in weight The machine can be made lighter by The 20% weight is reduced as compared to
doing detailed analysis of design & previous project.
removing excess material wherever
it is not necessary
Crops Harvesting crops: Tor Dall can also be harvested in Tor Dall is harvested with this machine
Rice and wheat addition to rice and wheat
Results:
In this section, results and discussion of the present project work will be discussed. Section 5.1
highlights the number of labors required, time required, cost for manual method. Further, for machine
method and proposed model will be discussed in section 5.2 and section 5.3, respectively. Finally the
comparison of all method will be discussed in 5.4. Further, Sprayer results are discussed in 5.5.
Results of Manual Method
The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is tabulated in
Table 5.1. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Results of manual method for different crops
Sl. Crop Labours Time Cost/Acre
No Name /Acre Required
1 Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400
2 Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800
3 Tor 8 14 hrs. 2700
Results of Machine Method

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is
tabulated in Table 5.2. Further , the cost required is also given in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Results of machine method for different crops
1 Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400 (Excluding Initial Cost)
2 Wheat 01 2 hrs. 900 (Excluding Initial Cost)
3 Tor 01 2 hrs 1400 (Excluding Initial Cost)
Results of Proposed Machine Method

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is
tabulated in Table 5.3. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.3.
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Table 5.3 Results of proposed machine method for different crops
1 Rice 01 3 hrs. 300 (Excluding Initial Cost)
2 Wheat 01 3 hrs. 400 (Excluding Initial Cost)
3 Tor 01 3 hrs. 500 (Excluding Initial Cost)
Comparative Result :
The time and number of labors required for harvesting the different crops for manual method,
machine method and proposed machine method is tabulated in Table 5.4. Further, the cost required for
different method is also given in Table 5.4. The labor required per acre for different methods for
different crops is shown in Fig. 5.1. Further, time required and cost required per acre for different
methods for different crops is shown in Figs. 5.2 and 5.3, respectively. It is observed from above Figs.
that the proposed machine method shows reasonably good results when compared with manual method
and machine method.
Table 5.4 Comparative result
Sl. Method Crop Labours Time Cost/Acre
No /Acre Required (Rs.)
1 Manual Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400
Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800
Tor 8 14 hrs. 2700
2 Machine Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400
Wheat 01 2 hrs. 900
Tor 01 2 hrs 1400
3 Proposed Rice 01 3 hrs. 300
Method Wheat 01 3 hrs. 400
Tor 01 3 hrs. 500
Results of Pesticide sprayer

Table 5.5 Reading of pesticide spraying with proposed machine and back sprayer
Sl. No. Parameters Using the Proposed machine Using the back sprayer
Trail 1 Trial 2 Avg. Trail 1 Trial 2 Avg.
01 Spraying rate 1.3043 1.538 1.2290 0.5454 0.5714 0.5584

(acre/hr)
Conclusion :
The purpose of the project is to fabricate a machine to carry out the operation like harvesting which
should be helpful for the farmers having Less & Marginal Land. By the observations of the results and
discussion, variation between manual method, machine method and proposed machine method, are
described below:
1. The labors required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method and equal
to machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable for small scale farmers as
it is economically not feasible.
2. The time duration required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method
and more than machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable for small scale
farmers as it is economically not feasible.
3. The cost required for harvesting the one acre land is also less by using proposed machine
method.
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4. The pesticide spraying rate of proposed machine is more than the manual method i.e., back
sprayer (Table 5.5)
5. The time duration for pesticide spraying of proposed machine is less than the manual method
i.e., back sprayer (Table 5.5)
Scope for future work

Though the machine has some innovative concepts, there is still a lot if scope for development like:
1. The machine can be made smother by using CNC machine part.
2. The machine can be made working in night time by using electricity.
3. In spraying, we considered for 16 liter capacity of tank and 4 nozzle. It can be extended up to 25
liter capacity of tank and 8 nozzles can be used.
*~*~*
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ECDSA FOR VIDEO FRAMES

College : Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru

Branch : Department of Telecommunication Engineering
Guide : Dr. Smita Sasi
Students : Ms. Akhila A., Ms. Anisha Shenoy G
Ms. Nidhi A J., Ms. Preethi R
Keywords
Elliptical curve, Cryptography, Video processing, Encryption, Decryption.
Abstract
Security of the data is the principle issue in arranging correspondences these days. There is no
calculation which guarantees the 100% unwavering quality of the transmissions. There is an
extraordinary interest for safeguarding the safe stockpiling and transmission of video over internet and
shared framework condition. This brings new difficulties to shield delicate and basic video from
unapproved and unlawful use. Promoting innovation is additionally utilized by interlopers to rupture
the security of the frameworks. Thus, every time cryptosystems are created in light of complex
Science, ECC is one of the methods in such sort of cryptosystems. Security of the elliptic curve lies in
hardness of taking care of the discrete logarithm issues. The implementation of this paper has been
done in MATLAB -2017a on an ECC for video encryption/decryption, primarily ECDH is used for
key exchange. It presents the basics of Elliptic Curve over the whole numbers modulo p, where p is
prime integers. At that point the hypothetical underpinnings of the ECDH framework are secured,
review of video which it will encrypt and decrypt in this paper, including a concise at how this
framework is functioned by taking pixels of video and encryption/decryption using ECC.
Introduction :
Video encryption is a field that has drawn much attention in the most recent years because of
the wide utilization of video information through the web. So as to satisfy such a work, numerous
video encryption strategies have been proposed. One of the methodologies is elliptical curve
cryptography(ECC). Video has been broadly utilized as a part of our day to day life. For instance, it is
vital to ensure the charts of armed force emplacements, the outlines of bank building development, and
the essential information caught by military satellites. Furthermore, the quantity of PC violations has
expanded as of late video security has turned into a critical point in the present PC world. Present days
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we are required to conceal the arranged data of the nation in Google outline can't access by another
nation. Encryption is utilized to safely image transmit or any such of information in the frameworks.
Furthermore, the quantity of PC violations has expanded as of late video security has turned into a
critical point in the present PC world. Encryption is utilized to safely video transmit or any such of
information in the frameworks. Each sort of information has its own particular highlights, so the
diverse procedures ought to be utilized to shield classified video information from unapproved access.
In this project, we will present encryption, decryption and investigate the outcome. A strategy
called ECC is turning into the decision for phone communication. ECC utilizes little key size and
extremely more productive. A crypto-algorithm utilizes a DLP over the point on the elliptic curve.
RSA is the crypto-security of decision for Web based business exchange. The RSA is too ease back
contrasted with ECC since ECC requires little key size contrast with RSA. In 160-bit key master on
ECC videos a similar security when contrasted with the conventional cryptosystem RSA with a 1024-
bit key, consequently along these lines it can decrease computational cost or handling cost. ECC was
proposed by Miller and Koblitz. The security of ECC relies upon the trouble of discovering K for the
given P and KP. The security level for contrast difference key size of RSA and ECC is given in table1.
ECC isn't straightforward by assailants. So it gives better security through uncertain channels.
Objective :
 Tostudy the existing cryptographic techniques.
 Design and implement ECC for text as well as image.
 Do the literature survey on video encoding techniques.
 Design and implement video encoding techniques on ECC and authentication on DSA.
Project outcomes :
 The project would give a fair knowledge of Elliptical Curve Cryptography and Digital
Signature Algorithm(DSA).
 It gives a fair understanding of the implementation of image encryption using ECC which
serves as a foundation to implement the same for video/multimedia data.
 It makes it possible to realize the importance of video encryption which is becoming popular
due to increasing use of video application.
 The project proposes a video encryption technique on ECC using DSA authentication which
can be used for real time applications.
 The project also tries to evaluate the performance and robustness of the proposed technique as
an attempt to prove its efficiency.
*~*~*
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF GOBAR GAS BASED
REFRIGERATION SYSYEM
College : Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bengaluru

Guide : Dr. N. Sreenivasalu Reddy and Dr. Vishwanath K.C.
Students : Mr. Shashank G., Mr. Sandesh M.K.
Mr. Renuka Raj, Mr. Sachin Malabadi
Keywords :
Gobar Gas, COP, Refrigerant, Evaporator.
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Objectives:
1. Use of GOBAR as a refrigerant also improves the overall efficiency of by 10 to 20%.
2. The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of LPG is 0 and Global warming potential (GWP) is 8
3. which is significantly negligible as compare to other refrigerant.
4. A part from environment friendly, use of gobar also gives us lot of cost advantages.
Methodology:
The basic idea behind gobar refrigerator is to use the gobar to absorb heat. The simple
mechanism of the gobar refrigeration working is shown in the figure below. gobar is stored in the
gobar cylinder under high pressure. When the gas tank of regulators is opened then high pressure
gobar passes through the high pressure pipe.
This gobar is going by high pressure gas pipe to capillary tube. High pressure gobar is
converted in low pressure at capillary tube with enthalpy remains constant. After capillary tube, low
pressure gobar is passed through the evaporator. gobar is converted into low pressure and temperature
vapor from and passes the evaporator which absorbs heat from the chamber. Thus the chamber
becomes cool down. Thus we can achieve cooling effect in refrigerator. After passing through the
evaporator low pressure gobar is passed through the pipe to burner. And we can use the low pressure
of gobar in burning processes. The gobar Refrigerator is work on the simple Vapour Compression
Refrigeration system.
Experimental setup :
Scope for future work :

Present work is further investigated by using blending of gobar gas with refrigerants. The
system can be investigated by duel purposes like heating and cooling.
*~*~*
LIVING ROOFS - THE FUTURE IS ALIVE

College : B.L.D.E.A‟s Vachana Pitamaha Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of Engineering and

Technology, Vijayapura
Branch : Department of Civil Engineering
Guide : Mrs. Anuradha S Tanksali
Students : Ms. Aishwarya Biradar, Ms. Soubhagya Metri
Synopsis :
Globally mankind is facing numerous issues like global warming, climate change, ozone layer
depletion and acid rain. These issues are debated extensively throughout the globe. It is yet to be
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specified whether anthropogenic sources or natural sources are wholly responsible for these issues.
More than debating on these issues, we need to check the preventive measures to be considered and the
most effective one would be the sustainable development.
In urban area, the matter has intensified due to the extensive cultivation of the concrete jungle.
This is leading to increase in temperature, air pollution and health hazards. India being situated in the
Tropical Region of Earth is prone to high temperature variations and major part of the country is
facing problems like droughts, famines etc. The Metro cities of the country have been converted to
large concrete forests with very scarce amount of vegetation in and around the cities, causing more
pollution and other effects like generation of fog, smog, acid rains etc. in the city. Delhi, the capital of
India is a very good example of the same situation.
Karnataka falls in the Northern Region, a dry region with very scanty rainfall. The agricultural
practices in the state are facing numerous problems. The cities like Vijayapura, Kalburgi etc. are
having temperature ranging from 42o C to 45 o C during summer leading serious water scarcity
problem.
In this project the concept of Living Roofs is introduced as one of the solution for problems,
being faced by the tropical urban establishments. Living roof also known as Green roof is a partially or
completely covered vegetation on a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.
The Living roof was established on the roof of a room of area, 25m2. The outside atmospheric
temperature at the roof level and inside the room without living roof and inside the room with living
roof was monitored for one month. It was observed that the internal temperature of the room with
living roof was reduced by 10-12 degree Celsius (afternoon timing) compared with room without
living roof. Electrical power saving per month during summer was estimated, 65-70% reduction in the
expenses was observed. Based on the type of growing medium, the amount of oxygen generation in the
area was estimated and the possible reduction of CO 2 and CO in the surrounding air. Based on the
previous single day precipitation record (with two hours rainfall) the total rain water harvested was
260 litres. Solar power generation is included as an optional part of living roof concept. The panel is
intended to supply basic water supply for the plants on roof top and lighting requirements for the room
below the living roof. Due to the higher cost of solar panel the additional establishment will be based
on the interest of the owner. The entire setup was done using eco-friendly materials. Though the
overall cost of implementation seems to be high, this one-time investment with lesser maintenance cost
is a sustainable and attractive solution for the problems being faced by urban establishments.
*~*~*
SOLAR POWERED FOREST FIRE DETECTION AND MITIGATION

College : Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumakuru

Branch : Department Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering
Guide : Dr. L.Sanjeev Kumar
Students : Mr. Vinod Channappa Sajjan, Ms. Lavanya B
Ms. Rashmi S Hugar, Mr. Premsagar G
Synopsis :
Forest Fires are one of the most important resources for human survival and social
development. However, because of some uncontrolled abnormal natural conditions, Forest Fires occur
frequently. In recent years, human activities and other factors has increased forest fires considerably
due to climate changes, human activities and other factors. The forest fire prevention organizations
have concern globally to maintain and prevent the forest fire accidents. The scope of application of
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Satellite Detection Systems is also restricted by some factors, which reduces its effectiveness in Forest
Fire Detection. Another problem is that the cloud layers may mask images during the scanning period.
Network Topology is used for automating the detection of Forest Fires and send the
information to the computers in the Monitoring Centers. This technique is helpful in early detection of
forest fire and necessary technique for mitigate the same(prevention is better than cure).
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN‟s) is used for Forest Fire Detection Systems that can be
implemented for detect the fire caused if forest (basically in fire prone area). Systems comprised of
basic Radio Frequency modules, normal Solar Energy module and wireless sensor modules.
WSN‟s are made-up of number of nodes which are arranged and connected for detection of
fire and other parameters, and these nodes are individual small computers. These tiny devices work
co-operatively to form centralized network system. It is aimed to collect information about
microclimates across all sections of forest; these nodes are placed in different trees in the forest to
form a network. If a node detects fire it sends an alarm message to ranger station which automatically
sends signals to concerned people for necessary action. A system is built nearer to the fire area to
mitigate the same when a fire is cached (preventive method of fire extinguishing)
*~*~*
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SMART HELMET FOR RIDER SAFETY
College : Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, Moodbidri

Guide : Mr. Ashok K N
Students : Ms. Pavana
Mr. Pradeep
Mr. Vignesh Naik K
Mr. Raghavendra Ganesh Patgar
Keywords:
Helmet unit, Bike unit, Raspberry pi, Python, ZigBee, Alcohol Sensor, Piezoelectric Sensor, IR
Sensor, LCD Display, GPS and GSM Module, Buzzer.
Introduction:
Road safety is emerging as a major social concern around the world especially in India. Drunk
and drive is already a serious public problem, which is likely to emerge as one of the most significant
problems in the near future. The main purpose of this project is “Drunken driving detection and
accident detection”. Since many accidents are happening because of the alcohol consumption of the
driver. Thus drunk and drive is major reason of accidents in almost all countries all over world. This
system will reduce the quantum of road accidents and fatalities due to drunk driving in future.
This system is capable of providing security and safety of the bikers against road accidents.
The circuit is so designed that the bike won‟t start without wearing helmet and if the rider is drunk,
And in case of accident, GPS system will locate the biker and immediate message will be sent to
family members about the location of accident using GSM module. When the drunk driver wears the
helmet, the alcohol sensor senses the alcohol content, if the alcohol content is above the threshold
level, the buzzer rings and LCD displays that alcohol is detected and ignition of the vehicle will not
start. If there is any accident occurs, the GPS system will track the current location of the rider and
sends the current location to family members through the GSM module.
Objectives:
 To avoid road accident due to alcohol consumption.
 To detect accidents occurs and notify about accidents.
 To provide anti-thefting system for bikes.
Methodology:
The proposed system is an intelligent helmet. The system ensures the safety of the biker, by
making it necessary to wear the Helmet, as per the government guidelines, also to get proper and
prompt medical attention, after meeting with an accident. A module is affixed in the helmet, such that,
the module will sync with the module affixed on the bike. The system will bear following
functionalities:
 It will ensure that the password entered by the rideris matching with the saved password. If it
matches it will check for other conditions or if it is not matched then bike won‟t get start.
 It will ensure that the rider has worn the helmet. If he fails to do so, the bike won‟t start.
 It will also ensure that biker has not consumed alcohol. If the rider is drunk, the bike won‟t
start.
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 If any accident happens during the ride it will gather the location information and send a
message to predefined numbers
Fig: Block Diagram of Smart Helmet System
Results and Conclusions:

1. The System will ask to insert the password, if the entered password is correct then it will
checks for the wearing of helmet. If the password entered is wrong, it will display password is
bad.
2. Once the rider enters correct password it will check the wearing of helmet. If the helmet is not
wearied then bike will not start and it will display please wear helmet
3. The alcohol sensor is used detect alcohol content of the riders breath. Once the system detects
the alcohol, then the bike will not start.
4. If all the above conditions are satisfied then the ignition will start
The system also has several advantages compare to the previous systems. Our proposed system
gives the primary importance of preventing the accidents and ensures safety for a greater extent in two
wheelers. Nowadays most accident cases occur due to motor bike. The severities of those accidents are
increased because of the absence of helmet or by the use of alcoholic drinks. By implementing this
system a safe two wheeler journey is possible which would decrease the head injuries throughout
accidents caused due to the absence of helmet and additionally reduce the accident rate due to drunken
driving. A GSM modem is used in this system that will send a message to the predefined numbers that
are programmed using raspberry pi in case of any accident. The GPS module is used here to locate the
rider during the accident.
Scope for Future Work:

The project has a very vast scope in future. The project can be enhanced in future. The project
can be updated in the near future as and when requirement for the same arises, as it is very flexible in
terms of expansion.
 In future if there is a large demand of this type of helmets we can manufacture the whole circuit
in printed circuit board, so that circuit becomes smaller and can be easily fitted into helmet.
 The circuit can also be powered by solar energy so that it uses green energy and does no harm
to environment.
 The flexible solar panels can fixed all along surface of helmet.
*~*~*
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5-AXIS CNC MACHINE
College : Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi

Guide : Prof. M.V. Mahendrakar
Students : Mr. Nitin Hubli S
Ms. Vaishnavi Hemannavar
Ms. Sushma Kagalkar
Ms. Akalesh Rajamani
Keywords:
5 Axis, CNC, Milling, Mill-turn, Arduino MEGA, Ramps 1.4, Spindle Module.
Introduction:
The CNC Machining is a process used in manufacturing sector that involves the use of
computers to control machine tools like lathe, mills and grinders. The necessity of using CNC
machining is to manufacture complex curved geometrics in 2D or 3D extremely expensive by
mechanical means. Machining components have high repeatability and precision with unmanned
machining operations. The CNC machines will have movement i.e. either linear or straight line in
motion or rotational. Typically, the X, Y and Z axis are used for linear moments, whereas A and B will
correspond to rotational axis. CNC machines designs will vary greatly. On some styles the part will
move or rotate while the spindle and tool remains stationery, in others the part is stationery and spindle
and tool moves, the third type is mixture of part and spindle moving.
The five-axis machining refers to the ability to feed the tool through the cut using all axes to
smoothly follow a contoured surface. After all, 5-axis were first developed for the aerospace industry
to do just that. In this example of a blade, the rotary axis moves continuously during the cut. One of
the most practical applications is called 3+2 machining. The part is rotated into position before the
start of each cut and then a standard 3-axis tool path is run. This makes the programing easy since
rotary motion only occurs between operations 3+2 machining also allows you to rotate the part into a
position that allows shorter tools to reach deep areas.
This technique is often used in mould making to prevent the problem of tool deflection.
Another practical application is to lock only one of the axis, which is called 4+1 machining. In this, the
B-axis on a mill-turn is tilted and locked into position while still allowing the part to rotate during the
cut. The B-axis spindle is more rigid when used in this configuration. Benefits of 5-axis machining
saving time and money is at the top of the list. Loading a part on the machine only once
saves on part handling because no one has to move the part from machine to machine or from one
fixture to another. It also means that only one part holding for multiple operations.
Objectives:
Accuracy: To build a machine with the fabricated parts with high level precision that is highly
impossible to achieve with conventional hand operated equipment. The machine follows a set of
instructions via a computer program, thus eliminating errors that might otherwise be introduced by a
machine operator.
Increased Productivity: The machine will perform the same task repetitively for extended hours,
saving a lot of time. In a typical industrial setting, machining centres will run nonstop for days once
the work program detailing all necessary parameters has been fed into the CNC computer. Versatility:
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The machine offers its applications in the aeronautical, Automobile and Plastic industries. Their
adaptability stems from their ability to create many types of objects from different materials.
Enhanced Lean Manufacturing: An objective of the machining centre is to enhance lean
manufacturing by significantly reducing the cycle time of processes and increasing flexibility, thereby
improving the overall quality of the work.
Methodology:
Proposed Design
5 Axis CNC Hardware Design
The first step is to define the areas to machine and the areas to avoid. In this picture, the
surfaces in the green area are selected for machining and the red zone indicates the surfaces that will
be avoided.
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The next step is to define the shape of the path the tool will follow on the selected machining
area. This is also called the machining pattern. After the shape of the path is defined, the user can
decide how the tool will be oriented as it travels along that path. The 5-axis machine offers a lot of
flexibility in how to rotate the part or tool.
The last step is to decide how the tool should transition, or link, between each cutting pass.
Links apply to tool movement between cutting passes as well as non-cutting moves that control how
the tool approaches the part at the beginning of the cut and movement between separate machining
zones.
5 Axis CNC Software:

The most important innovative aspect of this project is to develop a specific and original
software. For this aim, a comprehensive literature search was made for the software. Many software
using similar characteristics machine were examined.
The most important job in this stage is to figure out the mathematical model of the drawings on
the computer environment. For this purpose, Autodesk AutoCAD software was examined. The studies
about the DXF files generated by different drawing program have been investigated. After examining
files created in the Numerical Control (NC) environment, a unique software research work was
developed. To determine the accuracy of the software output, many tests were carried out on 3-axis
CNC machine. It was observed that the 3-axis CNC machine working is simultaneously with this
software algorithm. Moreover, the algorithm is verified by controlling NC files. A satisfactory
accuracy for the coordinate‟s axis was obtained in the experiments.
Results and Conclusion:

The 5-axis CNC machine is assembled with required electronics components with rotary
axis A and B to approach the work piece in any direction. The machine uses 5-axis for carving the
work piece and saves the operating time by shortening the process chain. It cuts parts on all sides
as fast and accurate as possible. The machine gives good surface finishing and accurate dimensions.
Therefore, we would like to conclude that the machine provides more accurate cutting, smoother
finishing and faster cutting speed in short spam of time.
Future scope:
In future this 5 axis CNC machine can be built in higher number of axis such as 6 axis and 7
axis CNC machine to improve tool life and surface finish.
*~*~*
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER ON A ROTATING
RECEIVER TUBE OF PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR
College : Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bengaluru

Guide : Dr. N. Sreenivasalu Reddy and Dr. Vishwanath K.C.
Students : Mr. Nitish.D. Muttur, Mr. Pramod Mohan Hegde
Mr. Rahul Prakash. S., Mr. Yashawanth S M
Keywords :
Reciver tube, heat exchanger, overall heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt Number, Reynold‟s Number
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Introduction :
A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and
curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror. The sunlight, which enters
the mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry, is focused along the focal line, where objects are
positioned that are intended to be heated.
A tube containing a fluid runs the length of the trough at its focal line. The sunlight is concentrated
on the tube and the fluid heated to a high temperature by the energy of the sunlight. The hot fluid can
be piped to a heat engine, which uses the heat energy to drive machinery, or to generate electricity.
This solar energy collector is the most common and best known type of parabolic trough.
Parabolic through collector is a solar technology for production of electricity in thermal power
plants. The mirrors or the reflective concentrate the solar rays to the receiver tube hence adapting
optical concentration technology. They need to operate under extremely uneven heat flux. High
temperature gradients which may induce high thermal stress due to cyclic weather and cloud transient
cycle conditions may cause breakage of the glass cover or even solar receiver damage.
Fig 5.1 Parabolic Trough Solar Collector System
Due to thermal stress, on absorber tube may cause deflection of absorber tube, and hence result
in breakage of glass tube, which results in increase of heat loss. Fig shows broken glass cover due to
bending of absorber tube
Fig 5.2 broken glass cover due to bending of absorber tube
Objectives:
• Achieving better or improved turbulence.
• Providing high contact surface area between the working fluid and the walls of absorber tube.
• Reduced thermal stress on the receiver tube. And hence reducing the chances of material wear
out.
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Methodology:
Model of the rotating receiver tube : -
Schematic flow diagram

The bellow representation shows the process flow or the working mechanism of the project
1) Water inlet storage tank, 2) Thermostat to measure inlet and outlet temperatures
3) Parabolic collector 4) receiver tube (coated)
5) Rotameter 6) Outlet storage tank 7) indicates the rotation of the receiver tube
Measuring out the required parameters the results are tabulated and will be compared with differ
working conditions at different flow rates, different time in a day, for different RPM and such other
parameters.
Data Deduction
Heat absorbed by the cold water in the absorber tube , Qc can be written by
Where mc is the mass flow rate of cold water; Cpw is the specific heat of
water; Tc, in and Tc, out are the inlet and outlet cold-water temperatures, respectively.
Results and conclusion :

Table 5.41 Optimum value for heat transfer at continuous flow rate
Mass Flow Rate Inlet Temperature Outlet Temperature ΔT Heat
Time Rpm Kg/S in oc in oc in oc Discharge Q in kw
0.00833 33 46.6 13.6 0.4741103
0.0166 33 45.8 12.8 0.8892288
12:05 0 0.025 33 45 12 1.2555
0.00833 33.4 51.4 18 0.6274989
0.0166 33.4 50.6 17.2 1.1949012
12:30 1 0.025 33.4 50 16.6 1.736775
0.00833 34.9 53.9 19 0.66236
0.0166 34.9 53.2 18.3 1.2713193
12:50 2 0.025 34.9 52.3 17.4 1.820475
0.00833 35 54.8 19.8 0.6902488
0.0166 35 54 19 1.319949
01:30 3 0.025 35 53.2 18.2 1.904175
0.00833 35.6 56.9 21.3 0.7425404
0.0166 35.6 56.4 20.8 1.4449968
02:20 4 0.025 35.6 54.8 19.2 2.0088
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98 42 Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019
Fig 5.41 Optimum value for heat transfer at continuous flow rate
Table 5.42 Average temperature increase for 5 and 10 minutes settling time
ΔT In 0c
RPM 5 Minutes 10 Minutes
0 7.328571 11.7571
1 11.57143 17.2286
2 13.65714 18.8857
3 16.25714 24.4857
Conclusion :
From the above obtained results, the data is compared with the no rotating receiver that is with
0 RPM Percentage increase in Heat transfer compared with 0 rpm (in percentage)
1 rpm 2 rpm 3 rpm 4 rpm

0.5 LPM – 24.44% 0.5 LPM – 28.42% 0.5 LPM – 31.31% 0.5 LPM – 36.15%
1.0 LPM – 25.58% 1.0 LPM – 30.05% 1.0 LPM – 32.63% 1.0 LPM – 38.46%
1.5 LPM – 27.71% 1.5 LPM – 31.03% 1.5 LPM – 34.06% 1.5 LPM – 37.50%
Scope for future work
From the results and conclusions obtained by this method. Of increasing the thermal efficiency and
reducing thermal stress on the receiver tube of PTC. Can be analysed with coatings on receiver tube.
Can use evacuated glass cover over the receiver tube to increase heat flux. Further studies can include
rotating receiver tube at higher RPM.
*~*~*
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12b Projects Sanctioned List 42 Series Further Improvement Collegewise

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12b Projects Sanctioned List 42 Series Further Improvement Collegewise

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Abstract of Projects Selected For

Further Improvement under Stream A

ON FARM SOLAR POWERED SEED STORAGE SYSTEM FOR

College : Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, Belagavi

Seed name Temp ( °C)

SEWAGE TURBINES:EFFECT OF QUALITY OF TREATED SEWAGE

Project Reference No: 42S_BE_2636

College : B.M.S. Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru

 Type of corrosion observed: Erosion corrosion

Cost and Energy analysis:

Table 2: Represents Cost Analysis of Sewage Turbines.

further scope of study:

College : Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere

Pyramid Low cost Introduction

Results and Discussion:

Fig. Developed Model

SMART HELMET FOR DELIVERY BOY SAFETY CONTROL AND ACTIVITY

College : G.S.S.S. Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Mysuru

Innovation aspect in the proposed solution

Figure 3: System Architecture for Smart Helmet

Figure 4: Dataflow Diagram for Delivery Boy Safety Control

College : Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar

1. Password based smart ignition control

2. Alcohol detection and control of ignition

3. GPS based tracking and speed control at restricted areas

4. Automated Vehicle Head Light Control

5. Vehicle overtake assistance system

6. Ventilation inside car when parked outside the parking roof

Results & Conclusion:

Fig 3. Overall control unit Fig 4. Keypad based ignition control

Fig 5. Automatic Headlight control in real time

College : K.L.S.‟s Vishwanatharao Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal

Results and Conclusion:

NATURALLY ASPIRATED DOMESTIC RADIANT LPG BURNER

College : K.L.S. Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal

Fig. Experimental setup

Results and discussions :

College : Mangalore Institute Of Technology & Engineering, Moodbidri

Climbing system Spraying system Cutting system

Working of climbing system:

Results and Discussions :

ಗಚುಂಡಿಗಳ ಪತ್ತೆ ಹಚ್ಚುವಿಕತ - ANDROID BASED APPLICATION TO DETECT

College : New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru

The objectives achieved in Phase I:

Results and Conclusion :

MODIFICATION OF NEEM SEED DE-PULPING MACHINE

College : S.J.M. Institute of Technology, Chitradurga

Fig: Drawings of modified neem seed de-pulping machine

ELECTRIC BILLING SYSTEM AND HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT

College : S.T.J. Institute of Technology, Ranebennur

Block diagram of Home automation and energy meter using IOT

Step 3: By the instruction of user lights and fan is on.

ENHANCEMENT IN DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND PEFORMANCE

College : SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapura

Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system

Machine harvesting method

Summary of survey/Need of present model

Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model

Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter

Fig. 4.3 Chassis main frame and cutting of blades

Fig. 4.4 Fabrication process Fig. 4.5 Complete Model

Results of Machine Method

Results of Proposed Machine Method