UE UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

Basic Education Department - Caloocan

Simple and Compound

Propositions

Learning Activity Plan 12

At the end of the lesson, you are expected
to:

 illustrate proposition;

 distinguish between simple and

compound proposition ; and

 symbolize propositions.
Brain Teasers:

An apple a day keeps the doctor away!

It occurs once in a minute,
twice in a moment, but never in
an hour.
The letter M

Is it correct to say "the yolk of

eggs is white" or "the yolk of
eggs are white"?
Neither, the yolk of eggs is
yellow
How many numbers are in the
Alphabet?
None or 0

Jimmy’s mother had four children. She

named the first Monday. She named the
second Tuesday, and she named the
third Wednesday. What is the name of
the fourth child?
Jimmy
Some fundamentals of logic

•
Proposition
-is a declarative sentence that can be classified
as true or false, but not both.

Examples of Proposition:

 7 + 4 = 10
 Grapes are black.
 Two and two makes 5.
 2024 will be the leap year.
• Delhi is in India
Practice:
Identify whether the following statement is a
proposition or not a proposition.

1. 9 is a prime number 1. Proposition

2. Proposition
3. Not Proposition
4. Proposition
5. Not Proposition
6. Bicycles have 3 wheels. 6. Proposition
7. She is an Olympic gold medalist 7. Not Proposition
Simple Propositions – are short statements
and does not contain any other statements as a
part.
Examples.
1. My name is Michael.
2. It's raining.
3. The number 1 is a natural number.
Compound propositions
– are statements that contain more than one
simple statements

Examples:
1. The sum of the squares of both legs is equal to the
square of the hypotenuse, if and only if it is a right
triangle.
2. Teri is dedicated to swimming or mountaineering
3. My brother-in-law is an architect and an engineer.
4. If the sheep eats grass, then it is herbivorous.
Determine which of the following propositions are
simple and compound.

1. Manila is the capital of the Philippines. SIMPLE

2. Iran raises the price of the oil but Libya

does not raise the price of oil. COMPOUND

3. If the information is not complete

for bidders and applicants, then there COMPOUND
is a market failure.

4. I am a Filipino. SIMPLE
 Five Logical Operations

• Conjunction – Two simple propositions connected

using the word and.
• Disjunction – Two simple propositions that are
connected using the word or.
• Negation – is a denial, means

• Conditional / Implication – Two simple propositions

that are connected using the words if… then.

• Biconditional – written using the phrase “ if and only if”

Symbols
Symbols are used to simplify work in logic.

Connective Symbol Type of Statement

And ^ Conjunction
Or ˅ Disjunction
Not ˜ Negation
If… then → Conditional
If and only if(iff) ↔ Biconditional
 Connective Symbol Type of Statement
and ^ Conjunction
Or ˅ Disjunction
Not ˜ Negation
If… then → Conditional
If and only if(iff) ↔ biconditional
Translate the following propositions to statement.
Let p: I study. q: I get good grades.
Type of Translation Statement
Statement
Negation ˷p I do not study.
Conjunction p˄q I study and I get good grades.
Disjunction p˅q I study or I get good grades.
Conditional p→q If I study then I get good grades.
Biconditional p↔q I study if and only if I get good grades.
 Let p: Zion is watching television.
q: Zion is eating pizza.

Type of Translation Statement

Statement
Negation ˷p Zion is not watching television.
Conjunction p˄q Zion is watching television and eating pizza.
Disjunction p˅q Zion is either watching television or eating pizza.
Conditional p→q If Zion is watching television, then he is
eating pizza.
Biconditional p↔q Zion is watching television, if and only if he
is eating pizza.
Operations with Parentheses and Brackets

Parentheses are used to group simple statements

within a compound statements.

Brackets are used to group compound statements within a

larger compound.
Recall:
Types of Compound Proposition

Type of Logical Operator Symbolic Form Read as

Compound
Proposition
Negation Not ˷P Not P
Conjunction And P˄Q P and Q
Disjunction Or P˅Q P or Q
Conditional If…then P Q If P, then Q /P implies Q
Biconditional If and only if P Q P if and only if Q
Do this using JAMBOARD or student may show his/her answer

Translate the following statements to symbols.

1. Today is not Thursday.
2. Rastaman is running for President
and it is false that Duterte is
endorsing him.
3. If the label does not read POISON
then I can eat it.
4. Sarah Geronimo is either a singer or
a movie personality.
5. It is raining if and only if the ground
is wet and the sky is dark.
1. Today is not Thursday. ˷p

2. Rastaman is running for President p ˄ ˷q

and it is false that Duterte is
endorsing him.

3. If the label does not read POISON ˷p → q

then I can eat it.

4. Sarah Geronimo is either a singer or p˅q

a movie personality.

5. It is raining if and only if the ground p ↔ (q ˄ r)

is wet and the sky is dark.