Chapter 1

Basics of Mathematics
Solutions (Step-1)

SECTION - A
1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (1)
A=
B = {0}
C = {3}
So, A is a null set.
3. Answer (3)
(i) The given set is {3, 4}. Hence, it is finite.
(ii) The given set is the set of all prime numbers and it is infinite.
(iii) The given set is  so, it is finite.
(iv) The given set is {3, –3}. Hence it is finite.
4. Answer (1)
(i) False, 1, 2 are elements of A but set {1, 2} is not element of A, so, {1, 2}A.
(ii) {1, 2, 7} A. True
(iii) {5, 6} is an element of set A {{5, 6}}A. It is true.
(iv)  is subset of every set. It is true.
5. Answer (3)
A = {G, O, D}
Proper subsets of A are
, {G}, {O}, {D}, {G, O}, {G, D}, {O, D}
6. Answer (4)
Let the number of elements of A be m
n(P(A)) = 128
 2m = 128
 2m = 27
 m=7

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 2 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)

7. Answer (1)
n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
 30 = 20 + 12 – n(A B)
 n(A B) = 32 – 30
 n(A B) = 2
8. Answer (3)
n(U) = 35, n(A) = 10
n(B) = 15, n(A B) = 15
n(A) = n(U) – n(A) n(B) = n(U) – n(B)
 10 = 35 – n(A)  15 = 35 – n(B)
 n(A) = 25  n(B) = 20
So, n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
 n(A B) = 25 + 20 – 15
 n(A B) = 30
9. Answer (1)
U = {A, E, X, C, L, N, T, B, O, K}
P = {T, A, L, E, N}
Q = {B, A, N}

U
P Q
L
A
T B
N
E
X C O K

(i) P Q = {T, A, L, E, N, B}

(ii) (P Q) = {T, L, E, X, C, B, O, K}
10. Answer (3)
U A B
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 4 3 2
5
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
6 7
A  B = {3, 5, 7}
 n(A  B) = 3
1 8

SECTION - B
11. Answer (1)
n(U) = 50, n(A) = 30, n(A B) = 15
n((A B)) = 10
 n(U) – n(A B) = 10
 50 – n(A B) = 10

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Basics of Mathematics 3
 n(A B) = 40
and n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
 40 = 30 + n(B) – 10
 n(B) = 40 – 20
 n(B) = 20
 n(B – A) = n(B) – n(A B)
= 20 – 10 = 10
12. Answer (3)
13. Answer (3)
14. Answer (2)
Number of proper subsets = 24 – 1 = 15
15. Answer (1)
D = {6, 12, 18}
B = {6, 12, 18, 24}
Then D – B = 
16. Answer (1)
n(A) = 40, n(B) = 35
 40 = 40 + 35 – n(A B)
 n(A  B) = 35
17. Answer (2)
n(U) = 60
m(M) = 30, n(S) = 25, n(M S) = 15
n(M S) = n(M) + n(S) – n(M S)
= 30 + 25 – 15
= 40
18. Answer (4)
Statement-2 is correct but Statement-1 is incorrect as 1 is not a prime number.
19. Answer (1)
Statement-1 and 2 both are correct and Statement-2 is correct explanation of Statement-2.
20. Answer (2)
Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are correct but Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of Statement-1.

SECTION - C
21. Answer (4)
22. Answer (4)
23. Answer (3)
24. Answer (4)
25. Answer (3)

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 4 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)

Solution for Q. Nos. 21 to 25

x=3 M S
15 10 – x 12
 Number of students offered all subjects = 3
x
40 – x 20 – x
Number of students does not offer any subject = 1
8 1
Number of students offered Statistics = 39
P
Number of students offered Mathematics = 62

SECTION - D
26. A = {G, O, D}
Proper subsets of A are
, {G}, {O}, {D}, {G, O}, {G, D}, {O, D}
27. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, C = {2, 4, 8, 10}
L.H.S. = A (B C)
= A  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= A
R.H.S. = (A B) (A C)
= {1, 3, 5} {2, 4}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= A = L.H.S.
Hence, verified.
28. 2x + 11 = 15  x = 2
 A in roster form is {2}.
29. A – (B  C) = {2}
A – B = {1, 2} and A – C = {2, 4}
 (A – B) (A – C) = {2}
 True
30. A = {2, 6, 8, 9}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(i) A – B = {8, 9}
(ii) B – A = {1, 3, 4, 5}
31.
U U
A B A B

C C

(i) A (B C) (ii) [(A B) C]

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Basics of Mathematics 5
32. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …}
A = {2, 3, 5 ,7, 11, 13, …}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …}
(i) L.H.S. = (A B)
= {2}
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…}
R.H.S. = AB
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …}{2, 4, 6, 8, …}
= {1, 4, 6, 9, 10, …} {1, 3, 5, 7, …}
= {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, …}
= L.H.S.
Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S. verified
(ii) L.H.S. = A – B
= {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, …} – {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …}
= {4, 6, 8, 10, …}
R.H.S. = B – A
= {2, 4, 6, 8,…} – {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, …}
= {4, 6, 8, 10, …}
= L.H.S.
Hence verified
33. (i) (A – B)
U

A B

(ii) A (B C)

U
A B

(iii) (A B)

A B

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 6 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)

34. A = {x : x is a letter of word RAJASTHAN}

A = {R, A, J, S, T, H, N}

 n(A) = 7

B = {x : x is a letter of word AMRITSAR}

= {A, M, R, I, T, S}

n(B) = 6

A B = {A, R, T, S}

n(A B) = 4

A – B = {J, H, N} (A B) = {R, A, J, S, T, H, N, I, M}

n(A – B) = 3 n(A B) = 9

n(A – B) = 3 …(i)

n(A) – n(A B) = 7 – 4 = 3 …(ii)

n(A B) – n(B) = 9 – 6 = 3 …(iii)

From (i), (ii) & (iii) we get

n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A B) = n(A B) – n(B)

35. The Venn diagram represents the given data

A B
(i) n(A) = n(A – B) + n(A B)

= 60 + 3x + x – 4
60 + 3x x – 4 8x
= 56 + 4x

n(B) = n(B – A) + n(A B)

= 8x + x – 4

= 9x – 4

But n(A) = n(B) given

 56 + 4x = 9x – 4

 5x = 60

 x = 12

(ii) n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)

= 56 + 4x + 9x – 4 – (x – 4)

= 56 + 12x

= 56 + 12 12

= 56 + 144

= 200
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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Basics of Mathematics 7

F F
A
36. (i) M (ii) A M

M A F A M =

F F

(iii) A M (iv) A M

A M  A M F

  

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Chapter 1

Basics of Mathematics

Solutions (Step-2)

[Representation of sets, Kind of sets, Analysis of two sets]

1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (3)
4. Answer (3)
A = {1, 4, 9, 16}
and B = {x : x = n2 and 0 < n < 5}
= {1, 4, 9, 16}
For all x A, x B A = B.
[Cardinal number, Subsets, Power set]
5. Answer (4)
A = {x : x is a positive multiple of 2, 0 < x < 20, x N}
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
So n(A) = 9
6. Answer (2)
P = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19} n(P) = 8
M = {6, 12, 18, 24}n(M) = 4
n(P) – n(M) = 8 – 4 = 4
7. Answer (1)
A = {56}
n(A) = 1
8. Answer (1)
23 = 8
9. Answer (1)
n(P(A)) = 23 = 8

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Basics of Mathematics 9
[Algebra of sets and Venn diagrams]
10. Answer (3)
A = {R, A, I, G, H}
B = {P, R, A, T, G, H}
A B = {R, A, G, H}  n(A B) = 4.
11. Answer (2)
A – B= (U – A) – (U – B) (X = U – X)
=U–A–U+B
=B–A
12. Answer (2)
(A – B)B = (A  B)B
= (A B) (BB)
= (A B)(U)
= A B
13. Answer (2)
n((A B)) = 18
 n(U) – n(A B) = 18
 n(A B) = 32
n(B – A) = n(A B) – n(A) = 32 – 20 = 12
14. Answer (2)
PQ = (P Q) – (P  Q)
= {1, 2}
15. Answer (3)
(A  B) = {R, E, S, H}
16. Answer (3)
AB = (A  B) – (A  B)
= {2, 6}
17. Answer (2)
U
A B

18. Answer (2)

n(A  B) = 35 + 20 – n (A B)  40
 n(A  B)  15
19. Answer (2)
n(A) = 3, n(B) = 6
 n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
If n(A B) = 0 then

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10 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) = 3 + 6 = 9

If n(A B) = 3 because it may be that AB
then n(A B) = 3 + 6 – 3 = 6
therefore 6  n(A B) 9
and 0 n(A B) 3
20. Answer (2)
n(A B)  n(U)
 60
21. Answer (1)
22. Answer (3)
[Practical problems on sets]
23. Answer (4)
n(T C) = 280, n(T) = 100
n(T – C) = 75
 n(T C) – n(C) = 75
 280 – n(C) = 75
 n(C) = 280 – 75
 n(C) = 205
24. Answer (3)
100 = 60 + 55 – n(A  B)
 n(A  B) = 115 – 100 = 15
25. Answer (2)
85 = 50 + 45 – n(A B)
 n(A B) = 95 – 85 = 10
[Inequalities and Wavy curve method]
26. Answer (4)
As x  [3, 5]
 x2  [9, 25]
 2x2  [18, 50]
 2x2 + 1  [19, 51]
27. Answer (2)
2  3x – 4  5
 6  3x  9
 2x3
28. Answer (2)
–6  6 – 3x  16
 –12  – 3x  10
 –10  3x  12

10
  x4
3
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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Basics of Mathematics 11
29. Answer (4)
x 3
4  0
x
3 x  3
 0
x
x 1
 0
x
x  [–1, 0)
30. Answer (1)
2x  3
3  0
3x  5

7 x  12  5 12 
  0  x  , 
3x  5 3 7 
31. Answer (3)
(x – 3) (x + 5)  0, x  4
x  (–, –5]  [3, ) – {4}
32. Answer (2)
x2 – 3x + 2 > 0
(x – 2)(x – 1) > 0

 x  ( , 1)  (2,  )
Similarly
x2 – 2x – 4  0
(x – 1)2  5

 5  x 1 5

 x    5  1, 5  1
 

  
 x    5  1, 1  2, 5  1


a  d  5  1 5  1
 2
c b 2 1
Previous Years Questions
[Representation of Sets, Kinds of Set, Analysis of Two Sets]
33. Answer (1251)
 2040 = 23.3.5.17
Let A = Sum of all numbers which are divisible by 2 upto 100
B = Sum of all numbers which are divisible by 3 upto 100
C = Sum of all numbers which are divisible by 5 upto 100
D = Sum of all numbers which are divisible by 17 upto 100
A B C  D = (A + B + C + D) – (A B + A C + A D + B C + B D + C D) + (A B  C
+ A B D + A C D + B C D) – (A B C D) = (50 × 51 + 33 × 51 + 1050 + 51 × 5) – (51 × 16
+ 550 + 102 + 315 + 51 + 85) + (180 + 0 + 0 + 0) – 0 = 3799
Required sum = 5050 – 3799 = 1251

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12 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

[Cardinal Number, Subsets, Power Set]

34. Answer (28)
Number of subsets of A = 2m
Number of subsets of B = 2n
Given = 2m – 2n = 112
 (m, n) = (7, 4)
 mn = 28
35. Answer (80)
There 2 numbers of the type 3 + 1, 2 numbers of the type 3 – 1 and 3 numbers of the type 3.
So number of subsets whose sum of divisible by 3

 23  ( 2C02  2C12  2C22 )

= 48
Required number of subsets = 27 – 48 = 80
[Algebra of Sets and Venn Diagrams]
36. Answer (3)
 A B  C and A  B 
(1) B C  is correct
(2) (C  A)  (C  B) = C  (A  B) = C (correct) (becasue A  B C)
(3) If A = C then A – C = 
Clearly   B but A  B is not always true.
(4)  A – B C and A  B C so A C (correct)
37. Answer (29)
 X = {1, 2, 3, 4, …, 50}
A = {2, 4, 6, 8, …, 50}
B = {7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49}
Here n(A B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A B)
= 29.
 Number of elements in smallest subset of X containing both A and B is 29.

38. Answer (702)

If we write the elements of A + A, we can certainly find 39 distinct elements as 1 + 1, 1 + a1, 1 + a2,…..1
+ a18, 1 + 77, a1 + 77, a2 + 77,……a18 + 77, 77 + 77.
It means all other sums are already present in these 39 values, which is only possible in case when all
numbers are in A.P.

Let the common difference be ‘d’.

77 = 1 + 19d  d = 4

18
18
So,  a1   2a1  17d   9 10  68  702
i 1 2

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Basics of Mathematics 13
39. Answer (107)
 (B C) = B  C

B is a set containing sub sets of A containing element 1 and not containing 2.

And C is a set containing subsets of A whose sum of elements is not prime.

So, we need to calculate number of subsets of {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} whose sum of elements plus 1 is composite.

Number of such 5 elements subset = 1

Number of such 4 elements subset = 3 (except selecting 3 or 7)

Number of such 3 elements subset = 6 (except selecting {3, 4, 5}, {3, 6, 7}, {4, 5, 7} or {5, 6, 7})

Number of such 2 elements subset = 7 (except selecting {3, 7}, {4, 6}, {5, 7})

Number of such 1 elements subset = 3 (except selecting {4} or {6})

Number of such 0 elements subset = 1

n(BC) = 21  n(B C) = 27 – 21 = 107

[Practical Problems on Sets]

40. Answer (1)

A B
17 12
8

n(A only) = 25 – 8 = 17%

n(B only) = 20 – 8 = 12%

% of people from A only who read advertisement = 17 × 0.3 = 5.1%

% of people from B only who read advertisement = 12 × 0.4 = 4.8%

% of people from A & B both who read advertisement = 8 × 0.5 = 4%

Total % of people who read advertisement = 5.1 + 4.8 + 4 = 13.9%

41. Answer (2)

A B

63 – x x 76 – x

Here 63 – x + x + 76 – x + y = 100

39 + y = x

 39  x  63

 Possible value of x is 55.

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14 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

42. Answer (3)

50 n
 X i  Yi  T ,
i 1 i 1
 n  X i   10, n Yi   5 
 
10 × 50 5n  50 n

 =
20 6 So,  X i  500,  Yi  5n 
 i 1 i 1 
 n = 30
43. Answer (832)
A = {1, 2, 3, ...., 100}

and B – C  {3k  1| k  even}

 B – C = {7, 13, 19, ....., 97}
16
Sum of all elements  7  97  832
2

  

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Chapter 1

Basics of Mathematics
Solutions (Step-3)

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Answer (3)
A = {, {}}
Let {} = a
A = {, a}
P(A) = {, {}, {a}, {, a}}
2. Answer (4)
n(P(A)) = 2° = 1
n(P(P(A))) = 21 = 2
n(P(P(P(A)))) = 22 = 4
n(P(P(P(P(A))))) = 24 = 16
n(P(P(P(P(P(A)))))) = 216
3. Answer (1)
If n(A) = 5
then n(P(A)) = 25 = 32
Then number of subsets of P(A) is 232.
4. Answer (3)
A – (A B) = A – B.
5. Answer (1)
X (X Y) = X.
6. Answer (4)

A–B AB

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16 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

(A – B)  (A  B) = A
or
(A – B) (A B)
= (A  B)  (A  B)
= A (B  B)
= A X = A
7. Answer (4)
n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B)
 n(A) = n(A – B) + n(A  B)
n(A) = 7 + 5 = 12
8. Answer (3)
A  (A  B)
= A  (A  B)
= (A A)  (A  B)
=  (A – B)
=A–B
9. Answer (3)
n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B)
0  n(A  B)  5
–5  –n(A  B)  0
0  n(A) – n(A  B)  5
0  n(A – B)  5
10. Answer (3)

x 8 y
8 2
9
5 6
10
z

 The number of people who like exactly one product

= 8 + 2 + 10
= 20
11. Answer (2)
n(D  H  R) = n(D) + n(H) + n(R) – (n(D  H) + n(H  R) + n(R  D)) + n(D  H  R)
 n(D  H  R) = 450 + 150 + 100 – (40 + 30 + 30) + 10
= 610
 Number of students visited none of the three = 390
12. Answer (3)
x4 – x2 – 12  0 and x2 – 5x + 4  0
(x2 – 4) (x2 + 3)  0 and (x – 4) (x – 1)  0
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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Basics of Mathematics 17
(x – 2) (x + 2) (x2 + 3)  0
–2 2

– 
 x [–2, 1]
1 4
13. Answer (3)

( x  5)2 ( x  7)( x  10)3

0
( x  9)2

 (x – 7)(x – 10)  0
But x = 5 and x  9
 x  ([7, 10]  {5}) – {9}
14 Answer (2)

( x  3)2 ( x  1)3 ( x  9)5

0
( x  5)2

 (x – 1) (x – 9) < 0 and x  3, x  5
 x (1, 9) – {5, 3}

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (One or more than one option(s) is/are correct)
1. Answer (2, 4)

Since x 2  1  0, gives x 2  1  x   i

 x is not real but x is real (given)

 No value of x is possible.
2. Answer (1, 4)
P, Q, R
P  Q

P Q

(P  Q)  R

( P  Q)  R

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18 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

3. Answer (3, 4)

a
A B
b c d

a + b + c + d = 14 …(i)
a + c + d = 12 …(ii)
b+c+d=9 …(iii)
b+d=7
b = 2, a = 5, d = 5, c = 2
|A| = b + c = 4
|B| = d + c = 7
4. Answer (3, 4)
2x  1
x(2 x 2  3 x  1)

1   3 
 x   , 3    , 
2   2 
5. Answer (1, 3)

2x 1
 0
2
2x  5 x  2 x 1

2 x 2  2x  2x 2  5 x  2
 0
(2 x 2  5 x  2)( x  1)

3x  2
 0
( x  1)(2 x 2  5 x  2)
 Intervals of x can be

 2 1 
( 2,  1) and  , 
 3 2 

SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension
1. Answer (3)
 
n A  B  8000  1000  7000

n  A  B   4000  1000  3000

n  A  B   1000
35 25 50
Required number of persons =  7000   3000   1000 = 1495
100 100 100
2. Answer (2)
15000 – [8000 + 4000 – 1000] = 4000

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Basics of Mathematics 19
3. Answer (4)

 
A AB n AB n AB    
4000 + 7000 + 3000 = 14000

SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Answer A(q), B(s), C(p), D(r)
A = {1, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 35}
B = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 37, 39}
n(A  B) = 9
n(A  B) = 10
C = {x : x  A  B, x is prime}
= {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37}
n(C) = 11
n((A – B) × (B – A)) = n(A – B)·n(B – A)
= 3 × 7 = 21

SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Answer (1)
AB =(A B) – (A B)
Hence in this case AB = R – [2, 4)

SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Answer (18.00)
2p – 2q = 56
 p = 6, q = 3
 pq = 18
2. Answer (05.00)
2m – 2n = 248
 m = 8, n = 3  |m – n| = 5
3. Answer (07.00)
4
22 216
K   24  16
22
2 2 23 24  28
4. Answer (02.00)
x3 – 11x2 + 39x – 45 = 0
 (x – 3)(x2 – 8x + 15) = (x – 3)(x – 3)(x – 5) = 0
 x = 3, 5
5x – 6 + 3x + 1 > x – 1

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20 Basics of Mathematics Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

4
7x  4  x 
7
5x – 6 + x – 1 > 3x + 1

8
3x  8  x 
3
3x + 1 + x – 1 > 5x – 6
 x<6

8
 x6
3
5. Answer (03.00)
U = {0, 1, 2, 3}
A = {0, 1}, B = {0, 2}


A  B  {0}  n A  B  3 
6. Answer (01.00)
For P  Q = {3}
Element 3 should be either in P or in Q.
As it is given in P must not in Q and all remaining elements should be same so only 1 way is possible.
7. Answer (01.00)
Only x = 3 satisfy the given inequation.
8. Answer (02.50)

3 
x  [0, 2]   ,    {2}
2 

  

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