Y0if;jrefrmpmpepfudkoHk;í uGefysLwmay:wGif

jrefrmpm½dkufenf;
0if;jrefrmpmvHk;pepfrsm;\ ½dkufenf;½dkuf[efrSm ,cif trsm;oHk;aeustwdkif; t&ifvm? t&if½dkufonfh
pepfudk jrefrmvufESdyfpufESifh teD;pyfqHk; wDxGifxm;onfh twdkif;om jzpfygonf/ &&pfrSeforQudk
tu©&m\ a&SUwGif ½kduf&NyD; usef Asnf;wGJ rSeforQudk tu©&m\ aemufwGif ½kduf&ygonf/

tajccHpm½dkufenf;
tajccHtm;jzifh Oyrm ]jrefrmvlrsKd;} qdkwmudk atmufygtwdkif; ½dkuf&ygw,f/
• j- + r + e + -f = jref
• r+m = rm
• v + -l = vl
• r + -s + -K + -d + ; = rsdK;
tjcm;tu©&mrsm;½kdufenf;rsm;udk xyfrHí½Sif;jyvdkygonf/

(1) &&pf-&SpfrsdK;
tu©&m - j- M-- N- B -- >- <-- `- ~--
cvkwf - j M N B > < ` ~
&&pf tao;onf wpf0dkif;wnf;wGif tajccHaom c?i?y?z?A?r ponfh tu©&mrsm;twGuf
jzpfNyD;
 N- j- jcif? jiKyf? jy? jzifh? jAnf;? jr
â Mcif MiKyf
&&pf tBuD;onf ESpf0dkif;ay:wGif tajccHaom u?w?o ponfh tu©&mrsm;twGuf
jzpfygonf/
 B-- M-- Mum Bwd*H OMo
â jum Nwd*H jqm
Oyrm
 N-+y+-K+-d =NydK  j-+y+-D =NyD
 B--+u+-J =BuJ  B--+u+-ø =Buø
 a+` +r+ G =a>r  a+<-- +u =a<u
rSwfcsuf- ]&&pf (ajcaxmufwdk)} rsm;udkvnf; oifhawmfovdk toHk;jyK&rnf jzpfygonf/
Oyrm- Â £a`E´ ~oå â ajE´ Moå
(2) ,yifhf- ig;rsdK;
 ]],yifh(½dk;½dk;)}} udk omreftwdkif;yif toHk;jyK½dkufESdyfygonf/
Oyrm  y+-s+m+;=ysm;  u+-s+m+;=usm;
]],yifh?[xdk;}} udk oD;oefY pmvHk;wpfvHk;wnf;jzifh ½dkufESdyf&ygonf/
Oyrm  r+-Q=rQ â r+-s+-S=rsS â r+-S+-
s=rQ
]],yifh?[xdk;?0qGJ}} udkvnf; oD;oefYpmvHk; wpfvHk;wnf;jzifh ½dkufESdyf&ygonf/
Oyrm  a+u+-R+;=auR; â a+u +-s+-G+;=ausG;
 u+-ß+-©=uß© â u+-s+-©=us©
(3) [xdk;- ESpfrsdK;
[xdk;tao; - Â jr§ifY nd§ â jrSifY ndS
[xdk;tBuD; - Â rS vS â r§ v§
(4) [xdk;? wpfacsmif;iif
 r+-I=rI â r+-S+-k=rSk  r+-S+-L+;=rSL;
 v+-T=vT â v+-G+-S=vGS
(5) atmufujrpf-oHk;rsdK;
tu©&m - -h -Y -U
cvkwf - h Y U
• tu©&mwpfvHk;wnf;wGif atmufuNrpfudk oHk;aomtcg ]]-h}} h
jzifh½dkufESdyfaomatmufujrpfudk oHk;&efjzpfygonf/
Oyrm- Â tHh yHh arh
• atmufyguJhodkYtu©&mrsm;wGifatmufuNrpfudkoHk;aomtcg ]]-Y}} Y jzifY½kdufESdyfaom
atmufujrpf udkoHk;&efJjzpfygonf/ ]] Y}} jzifh½dkufESdyfaom tjrpfrSm tenf;i,f
nmbufodkY a&mufae ygonf/
Oyrm- Â ydkY wdkY
â ydkh wdkh
• ]]-U} U jzifh½dkufESdyfaom atmufujrpfrSm nmbuf ta&mufqHk;jzpfNyD; atmufyg
pmvHk;rsm;twGuf ½dkufESdyf&ef toHk;jyK&ygonf/
Oyrm - Â ysdKU NrdKU
â ysdKh NrdKh
(6) ei,f
]]ei,f}} tu©&monf ajcqif; tu©&mrsm; yg0ifvmygu ajcaxmufwdkaom ei,fudk
toHk;jyK&ef jrefrmpmtzGJU OD;pD;XmerS owfrSwfxm;onf[k od&Sd&ygonf/
Oyrm- Â ESifh Ek aES; EGm; aET;
â eSifh ek aeS; eGm; aeT;
(7) &aumuff
]]&aumuf}} ESpfrsdK; xm;&Sd&m? ]]wpfacsmif;iif}} ygvmvQif ajcaxmufwdkaom &aumufudk
½dkuf&ygrnf/ ][xdk;} odkYr[kwf ]0qGJ} ygvmvQif ajcaxmuf&Snfaom ]&aumuf} udkom
oHk;oifhygonf/
Oyrm - Â ½dk; ½kyf a&T &Sm
â &dk; &kyf a½T ½Sm
(8) tjcm; wpfwGJwnf; ½kdufESdyf&rnfh o& tu©&mrsm;
Âo+-d+*+-Ð=od*Ð â o+-d+*+-F+-D=od*FD
Âwm0+w+-ð=wm0wð â wm0+w+-d+-H=wm0wdH
Âp+B--+u+-ø=pBuø â p+B--+u+-F+-H=pBuFH
(9) ygXfqifhrsm;
u =u Ctrl + Alt + u = --ú
z =z Ctrl + Alt + z = -æ
Shift + z = Z Ctrl + Alt +Shift + z = -Æ
tao;pdwfudk keyboard Layout wGifMunfU½IEdkifygonf/

(10) ]]nav;}} tu©&mudk ½kdkuf&mwGif tcsdKUae&mrsm;ü ajcaxmuf½Snfaom ]Ó} tpm; ] O} udk

r½kdufrdap&ef owdxm;&ygrnf/
Oyrm - Â ÓPf â OmPf
(11) ]]X0rf;bJ(X)}}tu©&monf ]]V}} ESifYqifwlírSm;wwfMuygonf/ ]V} rSm ]#} ESifY ]X} ygOfqifY
qifhxm;aom tu©&m jzpfaMumif; owdjyKapvdkygonf/
Oyrm – Â Ouú| (Ouf u#f X)
â OuúV â OuúX
(12) jrefrmpepf tm;vHk;twGuf ta&;BuD;onfrSm word-wrapping aumif;rGefap&eftwGuf
jrefrmpmvHk;wpfck one word jcm;wdkif; jcm;wdkif;? Space Bar udk½kdufay;&efESifY jrefrmtu©&mwpfck one
letter omjcm;onfUae&mwGif Space Bar udkr½kdufrdap&efowdjyKrdapvdkygonf/ Oyrm -

 jynfaxmifpk (space) jrefrm (space) EdkifiHawmf (space)

[k½kduf&rnfjzpfNyD;
 â jynf (space) axmif (space) pk [lívnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf
â jy (space) nf (space) a (space) xm (space) if (space) pk
[lívnf;aumif;
r½dkufoifhyg/ ½kdufrdygu]] jy}}onf pmwpfaMumif;\ aemufqHk;wGifa&mufaeNyD; ]]nf}} onf
aemufpmaMumif;\ tpwGifa&mufaeonfh tajctaersdK;odkUa&muf½SdoGm;wwfygonf/