Transport Processes

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions.

For numbers 1 to 3:
1. Calculate the heat passing through a furnace wall 9 in thick, the inside and outside surface temperature of which are 1800degF and
390degF respectively. Assume that the mean thermal conductivity of the wall material is 0.667 BTU/hr-ft-degF.
a. 1460 c. 1250
b. 1330 d. 1710

2. Assuming that 0.3 in of insulation (k=0.046 BTU/hr-ft-degF) is added to the outside surface of the wall and reduces the heat loss by
20%, calculate the outside surface temperature of the wall.
a. 127degF c. 144degF
b. 115degF d. 139degF

3. If the cost of the insulation is P 5.00/ft2, what time will be required to pay for this insulation? Base the calculation on 24-hr operation
per day and 175 days per year. Heat energy may be valued P1.00 per million British thermal units.
a. 2.6 yrs c. 4.8 yrs
b. 3.3 yrs d. 1.5 yrs

4. A 50 mm diameter pipe of circular cross section and with walls 3 mm thick is covered with two concentric layers of lagging, the inner
layer having a thickness of 25 mm and a thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/m-K, and the outer layer a thickness of 40 mm and a thermal
conductivity of 0.04 W/m-K. What is the rate of heat loss per meter length of pipe if the temperature inside the pipe is 550 K and the
outside surface temperature is 330 K?
a. 62.7 W/m c. 55.3 W/m
b. 48.9 W/m d. 71.1 W/m

For numbers 5 to 6:
5. A heat exchanger is required to cool continuously 20 kg/s of water from 360 K to 335 K by means of 25 kg/s of cold water, inlet
temperature 300 K. Assuming that the water velocities are such as to give an overall coefficient of heat transfer of 2 kW/m^2 K,
assumed constant, calculate the total area of surface required
In a counterflow heat exchanger, i.e. one in which the hot and cold fluids flow in opposite directions.
a. 25 m2 c. 28 m2
b. 33 m2 d. 30 m2

6. A heat exchanger is required to cool continuously 20 kg/s of water from 360 K to 335 K by means of 25 kg/s of cold water, inlet
temperature 300 K. Assuming that the water velocities are such as to give an overall coefficient of heat transfer of 2 kW/m^2 K,
assumed constant, calculate the area in a multi-pass heat exchanger, with the cold water making two passes through the tubes, and
the hot water making one pass along the outside of the tubes.
a. 25 m2 c. 28 m2
b. 33 m2 d. 30 m2

7. For a laminar flow of fluid in a circular tube, hi is the convective heat transfer coefficient at a velocity v1. If the velocity is reduced by
half and assuming the fluid properties are constant, the new convective heat transfer coefficient is
a. 1.26 hi c. 0.794 hi
b. 0.574 hi d. 1.741 hi

8. For the same system, if the same liquid used in absorber is decreased, the tower height will
a. decrease c. remains the same
b. increase d. decrease or increase depends on the type of liquid

9. What is the degree of freedom of an absorption process in which only one component is transferred between phases?
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3

10. Estimate the diffusivity of CH4 in Helium at 25degC and 1 atm.

a. 5.48 x10-5 m2/s c. 6.40 x10-5 m2/s
b. 5.48 x10-4 m2/s d. 6.40 x10-4 m2/s

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11. A simple rectifying column consists of a tube arranged vertically and supplied at the bottom with a mixture of benzene and toluene
as vapor. At the top, a condenser returns some of the product as a reflux which flows in a thin film down the inner wall of the tube.
The tube is insulated and heat losses can be neglected. At one point in the column, the vapor contains 70 mol% benzene and the
adjacent liquid reflux contains 59 mol% benzene. The temperature at this point is 365 K. Assuming the diffusional resistance to
vapor transfer to be equivalent to the diffusional resistance of a stagnant vapor layer 0.2 mm thick, calculate the rate of interchange
of benzene and toluene between vapor and liquid. The molar latent heats of the two materials can be taken as equal. The vapor
pressure if toluene at 365 K is 54 kPa and the diffusivity of the vapor is 0.051 cm2/s.
a. 8.1x10-5 kmol A /s-m2 c. 2.3x10-5 kmol A /s-m2
b. 5.0x10 kmol A /s-m
-5 2 d. 6.9x10-5 kmol A /s-m2

12. A furnace is constructed with 9 inches of firebrick, 4 1/2 inches of insulating brick and 9 inches of building brick. The inside surface
temperature is 14000F and the outside air temperature is 850F. If the heat loss from the furnace is 200 BTU/hr-ft2, calculate the air
heat transfer coefficient. The thermal conductivities of the brick are (BTU-ft/hr-ft2-0F): firebrick=0.8, insulating brick=0.15, and building
brick=0.4.
a. 0.79 c. 0.85
b. 0.63 d. 0.96

13. A fluid flowing through a tube 20 ft long and a 0.62-inch inside diameter has the following physical properties:
C = specific heat = 0.65 BTU/lb-0F
k = thermal conductivity = 0.085 BTU/hr-ft-0F
uw = viscosity at 122 0F = 4 lb/ft-hr
ub = viscosity at 212 0F = 1.95 lb/ft-hr
The bulk fluid temperature is 212 0F, and the tube surface temperature is 1220F.
Determine the heat transfer coefficient in BTU/hr-sqft-K for the 2000 lb/hr flowrate.
a. 280.30 c. 282.03
b. 208.3 d. 203.8

14. Heat generated at a steady rate of 100W due to resistance heating in a long wire (length = 5m, diameter =2mm). Th is wire is
wrapped with an insulation of thickness 1m m that has a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W/m-K. The insulated wire is exposed to air at
300C. The convective heat transfer between the wire and surrounding air is characterized by a heat transfer coefficient of 10W/m2K.
The temperature in 0C at the interface the wire and the insulation is
a. 211.2 c. 311.2
b. 242.1 d. 462.3

For numbers 15 to 16:

Saturated steam at 6.9 x 104 Pa pressure and 90°C saturation temperature condenses on a vertical pipe of 0.025 m outside
diameter and 0.3 m length. The average condensing heat transfer coefficient on the tube is 12000 W/m2k.
Other data:
Outside surface temperature of the pipe = 86°C
Enthalpy of saturation steam = 2695 KJ/kg
Enthalpy of condensate = 375 KJ/kg
Viscosity of condensate at the film temperature = 3.24 x 10-4 Pa.s.
Assume the flow of the condensate is laminar:

15. Calculate the rate of steam condensation.

a. 4.9x10-4 kg/s c. 3.1x10-4 kg/s
b. 2.210-4 kg/s d. 1.8x10-4 kg/s

16. Calculate the Reynolds Number?

a. 78 c. 910
b. 1300 d. 340

17. Estimate the heat transfer area for an exchanger to cool an organic liquid from 1050 C to 500 C. The hot liquid will flow at a rate of
10000 kg/hr and will be cooled by using circulating foul water containing some salt. The cooling water will leave at 400C. It is
proposed to use one shell pass and two tube pass exchanger for the above duty.
Cooling water iinlet temperature = 250C
Heat capacity for water = 4.2 KJ/kg.0C
Heat capacity for hot liquid = 2.84 KJ/kg.0C
Ft, the temperature correction for the design will be 0.85
The recommended overall heat transfer coefficient U will be 600 W/m2 0C.
a. 10 m2 c. 40 m2
b. 20 m2 d. 30 m2

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18. Oil at 120 °C is used to heat water at 30 °C in a 1-1 co-current shell and tube heat exchanger. The available heat exchange area is
S1. The exit temperatures of the oil and the water streams are 90 0C and 60 0C respectively. The co-current heat exchanger is
replaced by a 1-1 counter-current heat exchanger having heat exchange area S2. If the exit temperatures and the overall heat
transfer coefficients are same, the ratio of S, to S2 is
a. infinity c. 1.1
b. 0.91 d. 0

For numbers 19 to 20:

A nitrogen-hydrogen chloride mixture (10 vol% hydrogen chloride) is to be scrubbed with water to remove the hydrogen chloride.
To satisfy environmental concerns, 99% of the inlet HCl must be removed. Assuming that the gas leaving the scrubber will be at
1250F and 1 atm saturated with water, what will be the volume and composition of the gas leaving if we must process 200 lbmol/hr
of dry entering gas.

19. Volume of the gas leaving in ft3/hr

a. 88700 c. 39800
b. 65400 d. 42100

20. % N2 in the outlet gas

a. 75.3% d. 50.4%
b. 86.7% d. 69.1%

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