L I T E R A T U R E S T U D Y

H I G H R I S E - H I G H D E N S I T Y H O U S IN G
 I N D E X
SL.NO CONTEXT PG.NO
1. about and history 3
2. evolution of high rise buildings 4
3. typology of high rise buildings 5
4. construction techniques 6
5. cost optimisation 7
6. site selection 8
7. site standards 9-10
8. design considerations 11-12
9. Housing-WHO HHGL 13
10. housing- nhp 14
11. building services 15-18
12. single unit standards 19-20
13. market survery 21
 Definition: 3
Housing is defined as “ all places in which a group of
people reside and pursue their life goals; the size of the
settlement may vary from a single family to million of
people”.

Housing includes both;

1. Physical structure - providing shelter
2. Surrounding community services and facilities.

Purpose of Housing:
Housing

It gives sanitary shelter and protection.
It gives space for family life activities.
There should be easy access to community facility.
Form of investments which shows economic stability.
history:
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, opened in 1885, is,
however, most often labelled the first skyscraper because of
its innovative use of structural steel in a metal frame design
.
The current tallest residential building, Central Park Tower at
New York being 472.4 metres (1,550 ft) tall having 98 floors
"tallest block in the world'' dubai
The era of skyscrapers in India began with the completion
of the LIC Building in Chennai in 1959. With 12 floors
initially, it was the first skyscraper in the country and
remained the tallest building in the country until 1961
when it was surpassed by the 25-storied Usha Kiran
Building in Mumbai.
Many taller buildings appeared in various cities in the
country ever since
Palais Royalet in Worli, Mumbai. At 320 metres (1,050
ft)-88 floors, it is the tallest building and third tallest
structure in India

Central Park Tower, New York

LIC Building, Chennai Palais Royalet, Worli, Mumbai
The Home Insurance Building, Chicago
 4
Evolution Of High-Rise

THE STONE AGE: 8000 — 2570 BCE Cathedral Creation: 1221 — 1549 CE

From Churches to the Chrysler: 1569 — 1930 Bigger, Better, Glitzier: 1931 — Present
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/a-visual-timeline-of-the-tallest-historical-structures/
 5

Typology of high-rise OFFICE BUILDINGS HOTEL BUILDINGS

buildings

Baidu’s Shenzhen office tower

signiel seoul hotel

There are also hotels that contain residences.

MIX-USE BUILDINGS Known as hotel-residences, this type of occupancy is
later addressed in mixed-use buildings.

RESIDENTIAL AND
APARTMENT BUILDINGS

Paarijat Eclat & Privilon ,Ahmedabad

A mixed-use building may contain offices,
apartments, residences, and hotel rooms in separate
sections of the same building.

https://www.constrofacilitator.com/high-rise-building-an-analysis-of-development-types-and-importance/

OMA’s Norre Tornen, Stockholm

 1. Coupled wall system 6. Rigid frame structural system 6
Construction Techniques The system is suitable for
buildings up to 40 storey
20 to 25 storey buildings can be
constructed using rigid frame
system.
Maximum beam span is 12.2m
height. and larger span beams would
suffer lateral deflection.
2. Hybrid structural system
It can be used for 7. Wall-frame system (dual system)
the buildings of Used for 40-60 storey buildings
as high as 300m
generally and
maximum 150m
height in seismic
regions.

3. Braced frame structural system 8. Shear wall system

An outstanding
advantage of braced Shear wall structural system
frame is that, it can be can be economical up to 35
repetitive up the stories building structure.
height of the building
with obvious economy
in design and 9. Infilled frame structural system
fabrication. It can build up to 30 storey buildings.

4. Core and outrigger structural system

Practically, Outrigger
systems used for
buildings up to 70
stories.

10. Tube structural system

5. Flat plate and flat slab structural system
It is used for the construction of
Suitable for
buildings up to 60 storeys.
building up to
Trussed tube system is formed
25 stories.
when external bracing added to
make a structure stiffer. This
structure type suitable for building
www.theconstructor.orghigh-rise-buildings-structural-systems up to 100 storeys.
 Use of high-strength steel members in high-rise buildings is
expected to increase the effectiveness of structural design by
reducing the weight and cost of structures.
Cost Optimization So far, high-strength steel members have been used in a very
limited way because it is hard to select the proper strengths of
steel members in a systematic way with the consideration of
the structural cost.
Building Analysis
The first analysis we complete is the building’s parking to
residential ratio. Generally, the most cost effective building has
a mix of 30 percent parking and 70 percent residential space
over the gross square foot of the building.
Since parking is less expensive to build, it helps bring down the
cost of the building. However, more parking will also limit the
ability to use that square footage for revenue generating space.
Exterior Wall Ratio
The most efficient building shape is a square, but square
buildings don’t always make the most interesting structures. So
besides a square building, targeting a ratio of 40 to 45 percent
of exterior wall to gross square footage of the building will give
the greatest efficiency.
The other factor that can adjust the cost of the exterior wall is
the type of materials that are used. This analysis is more
complex so we start by looking at the square foot ratio before
looking at the façade in greater detail.
Structural cost 7
Limiting the number of shear walls and designing to reduce
structural load transfers will provide the greatest efficiency.
Finally, current market conditions have the most impact on the cost
of the building structure. In the past 9-12 months, in particular, we
have seen an uptick in the cost of cast-in-place concrete due to the
current level of market activity.
HVAC cost
The most commonly used HVAC systems in the residential high
rise market right now are vertical or horizontal heat pumps.
Although the four-pipe fan coil units allow the most flexibility for
tenants to control their own temperatures based on their
individual needs, they are also the most expensive.
Site work cost
The site work will vary based on the parcel and the design, and it
includes foundations, paving and landscaping. Contaminated soils
and basements will make the cost higher. The less work that needs
to be done, the lower the cost.
The flexibility to lower site costs will depend on FAR requirements
(which regulate the height of the building), soil conditions and
existing site conditions.
Finishes
That leaves us with the features that sell the space: the cabinets,
countertops, flooring and walls – the finishes. The finishes are more
market driven than historical cost-driven, and they change more
frequently. They also provide the most flexibility to choose
alternate materials to save money.
 Location Attributes to be considered
Latitude and longitude
Population size
Area and connectivity with other settlements
Transport and communication network, power
network and industrial development etc.
Agricultural produce collection and distribution
Site Selection
centre, agro‐industries linked to local markets,
irrigation network, agricultural extension services etc.
Status that the settlement in hierarchy in the State or
the Region
Social services
Relative significance of locations of city/ town in
proximity to a Metropolitan/Megapolis:
1. Nodal significance
2. Presence of high productive economic activities
3. Presence of large scale market
land-use
URDPFI Volume 2
Site Attributes to be considered 8
Conditions of site: low‐lying, swamp, or dry land, ridge,
on a riverbank or canal side. Within the town‐flat,
slopping (in which direction), undulating‐gentle slope,
moderate slope, steep slope.
Value and importance of the site and its historical past
Analyse the factors responsible for determining the site:
1. In alluvial plains
2. In hilly and mountainous regions
3. In arid regions
4. In the areas of territorial ruler ship
5. In the areas around some localised physical resources,
mining settlements, manufacturing towns, resort towns
vi. Around large metropolis
Climate
Limiting and the favourable factors of site in the spread
and growth of the city/town.
Physical Infrastructure near Site to be considered
Water supply
Energy
Drainage, Sanitation and Solid waste disposal
Transport and Communication
Police protection, Fire protection
Cremation and graveyards
Disaster management centre
 RESTRICTIONs OF BUILDING ACTIVITY IN THE VICINITY OF CERTAIN AREAS:
(a) Water Bodies
• No building / development activity shall be allowed in the bed of
water bodies like river or nala and in the Full Tank Level (FTL) of any
lake, pond, cheruvu or kunta / shikam lands.
•No building activity shall be carried out within:
Site Standards
(1) 100m from the boundary of the River outside the Municipal
Corporation / Municipality / Nagara Panchayat limits and 50m with in
the Municipal Corporation / Municipality / Nagara Panchayat limits.
The boundary of the river shall be as fixed and certified by the
Irrigation Department and Revenue Department.
(2) 30m from the FTL boundary of Lakes / Tanks / Kuntas of area 10Ha
and above.
(3) 9m from the FTL boundary of Lakes / Tanks / Kuntas of area less
than 10Ha / shikam lands;
(4) 9m from the defined boundary of Canal, Vagu, Nala, Storm Water
Drain of width more than 10m.
(5) 2m from the defined boundary of Canal, Vagu, Nala, Storm Water
Drain of width up to 10m.
• Unless and otherwise specified in the Master Plan / Zonal
Development Plan.
(1) In case of (ii) (1) & (2) above, the buffer zone used for road of
minimum 12m width, wherever feasible.
(2) In case of (ii) (2) above, in addition to development of recreational /
green belt along the foreshores, a ring road or promenade of minimum
12m may be developed, wherever feasible.
(3) The above buffer zone to be left may be reckoned as part of tot-lot
or organized open space and not for setback requirements.
9
(c) Electrical Lines
In case of sites in the vicinity of High-Tension Electricity Transmission
Lines besides taking other safety precautions, a minimum safety
distance (both vertical and horizontal) of 3m shall be maintained
between the building and the High-Tension Electricity
Lines and 1.5m shall be maintained between the building and the Low
Tension Electricity Lines.
In case of Electricity Tower lines, the land all along below the tower
line shall be developed as green belt to an extent of the width of tower
base and on either side of green belt there shall be a minimum of 10m
wide roads or as defined in the Master Plan.
(d) Airport
(i) Building Restrictions:
(1) For building activity within the Restricted Zone / Air Funnel Zone near the
airport, necessary clearance from the concerned Airport Authority shall be
obtained.
(2) Irrespective of their distance from the aerodrome, even beyond 22km limit
from the Aerodrome Reference Point, no radio masts or similar installation
exceeding 152m in height shall be erected except with the prior clearance from
Civil Aviation Authorities.
(3) In respect of any land located within 1000m from the boundary of Military
Airport no building is allowed except with prior clearance from the concerned
airport authority with regard to building height permissible and safe distance
to be maintained between the building and boundary of the aerodrome.
(ii) Other Structures:
(1) No chimneys or smoke producing factories shall be constructed within a
radius of 8km from the Airport Reference Point.

• In case of Protection of Catchment area of Osmansagar and

Himayatsagar lakes covered under the G.O.Ms.No.111 MA dated
08.03.1996, the restrictions on building and development activity
imposed there in shall be applicable in Hyderabad Metropolitan
Development Authority (HMDA) area.

(b) Railways

The distance between the Railway Property Boundary and the edge of
the building shall be 30m as per Indian Railways Works Manual or as
per No Objection Certificate (NOC) given by the Railway Authorities.
GO 168
 10
(f) Defence Establishments
REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS:
(i) In case of Sites within 500m distance from the boundary of Defence Areas / Military
Establishments prior clearance of Defence Authority shall be obtained.
(a) Tower and Podium Type Building:
(ii) In case of Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam, no building
shall be allowed with in a distance of 20m from the boundary wall of NSTL, Visakhapatnam. (i)Height of the building shall be allowed up to 50m.
(g) Oil / Gas Pipelines
(ii)For Podium, i.e., Ground plus first floor: alround setbacks shall
In case of Sites in the vicinity of Oil / Gas pipelines, clearance distance and other stipulations of be 7m.
the Respective Authority shall be complied with. The Oil / Gas Authorities shall also specify the
clearances required stretch wise to Local Body.
Site Standards
(iii)For Tower block: The coverage and alround setbacks shall be
(h) Heritage Structures minimum 50 % of the Podium Block, and shall be atleast 3m from
the Podium edge on all sides,
(i) In case of Sites located within the distance up to 100m from protected monuments as notified
under Archaeological Monuments and Ancient Sites and Remains Act 1955 and as amended no
construction is allowed. (iv)The fire safety and fire escape measures for the Tower Block
shall be independent of the Podium Block.
(ii) For the Sites located within distance of above 100m and up to 200m from the protected
monuments, the construction is allowed only after obtaining prior permission from the National
Monument Authority.

(iii) For the Sites located within the vicinity of any Heritage Structure notified as per the
respective law, the prior clearance from the concerned authority shall be obtained.

(iv) For the development / redevelopment of any notified Heritage Structure the stipulations as
prescribed by the respective authority shall be followed.

(i) Religious Structures

(i) In case of Sites located within a radius of 100m from the notified religious structure as given in
the list in Annexure – VII / notified from time to time, the construction is allowed up to 10m height
only.

(ii) For the Sites located within a radius of above 100m and up to 300m from the notified religious
structure as given in the list in Annexure – VII / notified from time to time, only non-high-rise
structures are allowed.

(j) Special Regulations for Banjara Hills & Jubilee Hills Areas of Hyderabad

(i) The following are the Special Regulations to maintain special characteristics of Banjara Hills
and Jubilee Hills areas covered by Block 1 & 2, and part of Block No. 3 of Ward no. 8, of erstwhile
Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad area of GHMC. (b) “Stepped Type” or “Pyramidal Type” Building:

(i) allowed for heights above 30m with the following open space
requirements:

(ii) The building with height beyond 10m in these areas shall be permitted only if the plot abuts to
a minimum of 12m wide road.
(iii) In case of Jubilee Hills Co-operative House Building Society and Prashasan Nagar Co-
operative House Building Society Layout, Jubilee Hills the height of the building is restricted to
10m excluding stilt with a maximum FAR of 1:1.
(ii)At Ground level: Minimum 9m all-round open space for the first
5 floors.
(iv)At Upper floors: Increase of 1m all-round open space or more,
for every 5 upper floors or 15m height or part thereof, over and
above the ground level open space of minimum 9m.

(iv) In case of plots abutting Road No.1, 2 & 3 Banjara Hills and Road No.36 Jubilee Hills the
building height shall be limited to 30m and further the said height relaxations are allowed only on
plots where the land owners have surrendered their land in the past or will surrender their land
free of cost to Municipal Corporation for road widening.
 accessibility 11

Design Considerations
general
Pedestrian access into site;

Designated vehicular parking near the

main entrance;

Suitable drop-off point near main

entrance; and Intuitive, obvious and
accessible means of egress;
Equitable approach to the building Equitable entry via the same entrances
Accessible path to the entrance; designated parking, clear pedestrian routes easy to locate main entrances, no steps or
accessible furniture, wide door separate from vehicles and cyclists, no steps or obstacles, wide openings, adequate manoeuvring
obstacles, short distances from parking and public space in front of the door, low operating forces,
openings and easy door operation to transport, good signage, good lighting and good good signage, good lighting and good visual
be provided for barrier free design. contrast contrast

Appropriate lighting;

Reduced travelling distances;

Level entrances and exits;

Good lighting, visual contrast of walls,

floors, acoustics, doors and signage

More natural lighting and ventilation

should be used making it an energy Equitable use of the same paths in horizontal
efficient design. circulation
no steps or obstacles, adequate manoeuvring
space, wide door openings, easy to operate doors,
Active and passive design techniques resting places, clear layout, good signage, good
to be used. lighting and good visual contrast
Equitable use of toilet and sanitary facilities
good signage, adequate manoeuvring space, good
transfer options, well-placed equipment, easy
operation

Spacious lifts; and Safe stairs that are

easy to use, and facilitate safe assisted
evacuation / rescue in emergencies;

Slip-resistant walking surfaces;

Adequate height, location and easy

operation of controls and switches;

Important communication via two

senses or more (tactile, audible and
visual);

Management and maintenance of the Equitable means of egress, concepts for Important information via two senses or more, for
built environment emergency planning example visual, audible and tactile
no steps or obstacles, fire protected lifts, good
signage, good lighting, good visual contrast, good
fire safety, protection and evacuation, accessible
means of egress
 ROAD AND SETBACKS PARKING 12
"High-Rise Building' means a building with 18m or more in height.
The minimum size of plot for High Rise building shall be 2000sq.m.
Up to 10% of shortfall in net plot area would be considered with the
proposed height and corresponding minimum all round setbacks.
Open spaces (utilized as greenery, tot lot or soft landscaping, etc.)
shall be at least 10% of total site area at ground level open to sky
and shall be a minimum width of 3m. This may be in one or more
pockets with minimum area of 50sq.m at each location.
A minimum of 2m wide green planting strip in the periphery on all
sides.
A minimum setback of 7m on all sides should be given.
Standards

Where the lighting and ventilation of a building is through an open

space, area shall be at least 25sq.m and no side shall be less than
3m.
The width of street should not be less than 12m.
Adequate passageway and clearances required for fire fighting
vehicles to enter the premises shall be provided at the main
entrance; the width of such entrance shall be not less than 4.5 m.

In the Stilt floor a watchman room and 2 toilets (W.C), with maximum
built up area of 25sq.m may be allowed.
For parking spaces in basements and upper floors, at least two ramps of
minimum 3.6m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4m width and adequate
slope 1 in 8 shall be provided. Such ramps shall not be allowed in
mandatory setbacks including building line, however they may be
permitted in the side and rear setbacks. Mechanical lifts can be provided.
The minimum width of the drive way shall be 4.5m.
Up to 10% of cellar nay be utilised for utilities and non-habitation
purpose like A/C Plant room, Generator room, Sewerage Treatment Plant
(STP), Electrical installations, Laundry, etc,
Visitors' parking shall be provided with minimum 10% of the parking
area.

For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of

F 15 sq.m or an area equivalent to 0.3 sq.m per person to
accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors.

I For building 15 m in height or more, access to main

staircase shall be through a fire/smoke check door of a
minimum 2 h fire resistance rating.
R Fire towers are the preferred type of escape route for
storeyed buildings and these shall be considered as the
E safest route for escape. At least one required means of
egress shall preferably be a fire tower.
Area more than 500 sq.m on each floor shall have a
minimum of two staircases.
 Household crowding High indoor temperatures 13

Housing -WHO HHGL

the association between crowding and infectious diseases

The certainty of reducing crowding would reduce;

1. Tuberculosis (TB)------ high.
2. Respiratory diseases (excluding TB)------- moderate to high.
3. Diarrhoea and gastroenteritis---------high.
4. other infectious diseases -----------moderate to low.
5. mental health effects, including stress------ moderate to low.
6. sleep disorders ------ low to very low. reducing high indoor temperatures would reduce morbidity or
mortality was assessed as low.
Low indoor temperatures and The certainty of this evidence linking high outdoor temperature
with increased morbidity was assessed as low to moderate
insulation
Injury hazards

reduces the risk of injury

The certainty of the evidence that warming a cold
house reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease is
moderate (based on the findings for blood pressure).
The certainty of the evidence that installing
insulation is associated with improved health
outcomes is high but this is qualified by different
types of insulation.
1. the presence of smoke detectors --moderate.
2. installing stair and safety gates --- low to moderate.
3. window guards---------------------- moderate.
4. guarding against fireplaces, stoves and dangerous unprotected hot
surfaces ---- low to moderate.
Housing accessibility

18157_WHO Housing and Health Guidelines_160 x 240mm For Web

 NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY
INTRODUCTION
'he National Housing policy of the government of India
has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector
agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of
the housing process and create the enabling
environment in which the requisite inputs would flow
into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
OBJECTIVES
To create an enabling environment for housing
activity by various sections by eliminating
constraints.
To expand the provision of infrastructure facilities
in rural and urban areas in order to improve the
environment of human settlements,
To promote a more equal distribution o f land and
houses in urban and rural areas
AIM
The National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy 2007
(NUHHP-2007) has been formulated keeping in
view the changing socio-economic
The Policy seeks to promote various types of
public-private partnerships for realizing
“Affordable Housing for All”
Government of India (1988), National Housing Policy, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, New
Delhi Government of India, First Five Year Plan (1951-56). Planning commission. New Delhi, p.596
BARRIER FREE
14
Special Programme for Disadvantaged Sections
Environment and Ecology
belts around cities/towns. Security & Safety
THE NUHHP-2007 RECOMMENDS SPECIAL AREAS OF ACTION WITH
RESPECT TO
• Land • Finance •Legal and Regulatory Reforms • Technology support and
its transfer • Infrastructure •Sustainability Concerns •Employment issues
relating to the Housing Sector Slum improvement and upgradation
ulb development boards
URBAN PLANNING
Ensure that Development Plans/Master Plans as well as Zonal Plans
and Local Area Plans are made and updated regularly
OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF LAND
INTEGRATED TOWNSHIPSURBAN EXTENSIONS & SEZS
1. Develop Greenfield towns & integrated urban housing extensions
of existing towns with complementary infrastructure or Special
Economic Zones (SEZS) with both FDI and national investments in
housing and infrastructure.
2. Ensure that such fully integrated housing projects are well
connected by MRTS corridors.
Conclusion:
Accordingly, the policy put forth the following as the action plans.
1. Provision of house sites to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
Tribes, freed bonded laborer's and landless labor, including
artisans
2. Provision of financial assistance for house construction to
help them on suitable loan-cumsubsidy bases.
 plumbing
Building Services DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN HIGH-RISE
STRUCTURES
1. – Direct Supply System
2. – Direct Pumping Systems
3. – Hydro-pneumatic Systems
4. – Overhead Tank Distribution (Down Feed
Arrangement
Hydro-Pneumatic System
Direct Pumping System Applicable
Where There is Continuous Demand
on System
https://archicrewindia.com/water-supply-in-high-rise-buildings/
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Model Building Bye-Laws- 2016
Drainage System
15
The following are the piping systems adopted in drainage
of the high rise structures:
1. Two-Pipe System
2. One-Pipe System
3. Single Stack System
4. Single Stack System (Partially Ventilated)
Ventilation Shaft
FIRE LIFTS
Minimum 1 lift to carry minimum 8 persons weighting 545 kgs
shall be provided.
Landing doors of lifts shall open to ventilated lobby & shall
have a fire resistance of 1 hour.
1 lift shall be designed as a "Fire Lift"
"Fireman Switch" shall be provided for each lift.
Lifts shall not be used as means of evacuation.
Collapsible gates shall not be provided for the lift.
If more than 1 lifts are installed the partition wall should be of
Overhead Tank Distribution minimum 2 hours fire resistance

Building Services
fIRE STAIRCASE
Every high rise building Have minimum 2 number of Staircases.
Width of staircases varies from 1 m. to 2m.
For residential building width of staircases should be 1 metre.
Out of 2 staircases, 1 can be used as a fire escape staircase.
Width of fire escape should be minimum 0.75 meter.
Number of staircases shall be given as per the travel distances.
Staircase shall not be extended to basement to prevent smoke
heat & gases. From the basement smoke, heat 7 gases can be
travel to upper floors.
Staircase and Corridor Lighting
1. shall be on separate service and shall be independently
connected to be operated by one switch installation on the
ground floor, easily accessible to firefighting staff at any time .
2. Staircase and corridor lighting shall also be connected to
alternate supply from parallel high-tension supply or to the
supply from the stand-by generator.
3. Emergency lights shall be provided
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16
SEPTIC TANKS
LOCATION
A subsoil dispersion system shall not be closer than 18 m from any
source of drinking water, such as well, to mitigate the possibility of
bacterial pollution of water supply. It shall also be as far removed
from the nearest habitable building as economically feasible but not
closer than 6 m, to avoid damage to the structures
REQUIREMENTS
Dimensions of septic tanks — Septic tanks shall have a minimum
width of 750 mm. a minimum depth of 1 m below' the winter level
and a minimum liquid capacity of 1 m\ The length of tanks shall be
2 to 4 times the width
Septic tanks may be constructed of brickwork, stone masonry,
concrete or other suitable materials as approved by the Authority:
Under no circumstances shall effluent from a septic tank be
allowed into an open channel drain or body of water without
adequate treatment
The minimum nominal diameter of the pipe shall be 100 mm.
Further, at junctions of pipes in manholes, direction of flow from a
branch connection shall not make an angle exceeding 45° with the
direction of flow in the main pipe:
The gradients of land drains, under-drainage as well as the bottom
of dispersion trenches and soak ways shall be between 1:300 and
1:400
Every septic tank shall be provided with ventilating pipe of at least
50 mm diameter. The top of the pipe shall be provided with a
suitable cage of mosquito-proof wire mesh.
When the disposal of septic tank effluent is to a seepage pit, the
seepage pit may be of and suitable shape with the least cross-
sectional dimension of 0.90 m and not less than 1.00 m in depth
below the invert level of the inlet pipe.
 Electrical Services
A. The electric distribution cables/wiring shall be laid in
Building Services separate duct Model Building Bye-Laws- 2016
the duct shall be sealed at every floor with non-
combustible materials
Low and medium voltage wiring running in shaft and in
false ceiling shall run in separate conduits.
B. Water mains, telephone cables, intercom cables, gas pipes
or any other service line shall not be laid in the duct for
electric cables.
Use of bus ducts/solid rising mains instead of cables is
preferred.
C. The provision of dedicated telecommunication ducts for all
new building proposals is mandatory .
D. Separate circuits for water pumps lifts, staircases and
corridor lighting and blowers for pressurizing system shall be
provided directly from the main switchgear panel .
Alternate Source of Electric Supply
A stand-by electric generator shall be installed to supply
power to staircase and corridor lighting circuits, fire lifts,
the stand-by fire pumps pressurization fans and blowers,
smoke extraction and damper system in case of failure of
normal electric supply.
The generator shall be capable of taking starting current
of all the machines and circuits stated above
simultaneously.
If the stand-by pump is driven by diesel engine, the
generator supply need not be connected to the stand-by
pump.
Model Building Bye-Laws- 2016
GENERAL 17
Architectural elements such as louvers, pergolas, other
sunshine materials should be free from FAR.
Any architectural roof top structures would also be permitted
out of FAR if not used for habitable or commercial purposes.
Building elements such as sky bridges and landscape terraces
which are meant for community purposes only shall be
permitted free of FAR
Services can be permitted on roofs with adequate screening
for the same.
Service floors shall not be counted in FAR. Service area on
habitable floors may be considered free from FAR.
Atrium/ Atria at any floor will be counted only once in the FAR.
Atrium may be enclosed by light roofing or R.C.C as per
development control norms provided in the M.P of Delhi
Scissor staircase would be permitted provided all travel
distance and fire norms are adhered to.
Stilts in high-rise will not be restricted to height of 2.4m as long
as it is used for parking.
Multilevel car parking with car lifts would be permitted with
adequate fire safety.
Gas supply
Town Gas / L.P. Gas Supply Pipes
LPG distribution pipes shall always be below the false
ceiling. The length of these pipes shall be as short as
possible
If LPG is used, the same shall be shut off. The voltage
shall be of 24 V or 100 V DC operated with the external
rectifier.
 Air-conditioning The vertical shaft for treated fresh air shall be of masonry 18
construction.
The air filters of the air-handling units shall be of non-
combustible materials or fire rated
Escape routes shall not be used as return air passage.
The air-handling unit room shall not be used for storage of
The ducting shall be constructed of substantial gauge metal in accordance
any combustible materials.
with good practice.
No combustible material shall be fixed nearer than 150
the opening around the ducts shall be sealed with materials having fire
mm to any duct unless such duct is properly enclosed and
resistance rating of the compartment.
protected with non-combustible material (glass wool or
Where duct crosses a compartment which is fire rated, the ducts shall be
spyglass with neoprene facing enclosed and wrapped with
fire rated for same fire rating. Further depending on services passing
aluminum sheeting) at least 3.2 mm thick and which would
around the duct work, which may get affected in case of fire temperature
not readily conduct heat.
rising, the ducts shall be insulated.
Metallic ducts shall be used even for the return air instead of space above
the false ceiling.
Where plenum is used for return air passage, ceiling and its fixtures shall SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT
be of noncombustible material.
The materials used for insulating the duct system shall be of
noncombustible material; glass wool shall not be wrapped or secured by
Zero land‐fill can be achieved by
any material of combustible nature. collection facilitation and public
Air ducts serving main floor areas, corridors, etc. shall not pass through awareness.
the staircase enclosure. The green waste can be converted into
The air-handling units shall be separate for each floor and air ducts for fuel cakes, kitchen waste into manure,
every floor shall be separated and in no way inter-connected with the construction & demolition waste into
ducting of any other floor. bricks, plastic waste into oil, paper, glass
If the air-handling unit serves more than one floor, the recommendations and steel back into the same and all
residuary inert materials can also be
given above shall be compiled with in addition to the conditions given
converted into bricks.
below: Achieving zero land‐fill is more
conveniently possible, if
1. Proper arrangements by way of automatic fire dampers working on smoke (a) the collection is made from house to
detector / or fusible link for isolating all ducting at every floor from the house and some segregation is done at
main riser shall be made. household level
2. When the automatic fire alarm operates, the respective air-handling units (b) the recycling is done at decentralized,
of the air conditioning system shall automatically be switched off. say, ward or even lower levels.
The effective management of waste
water would result in availability of
treated water for reuse, capture of
methane gas for power generation and
improvement in the quality of the
environment.

Model Building Bye-Laws- 2016

 lift dimensions space standards 19

single unit standards

distance from electrical lines

exterior spaces

number of exits

NBC- 2016
 staircase toilets 20

single unit standards

corridors

PARAPET :
Parapet walls and handrails provided on the edges of roof
terraces, balcony, verandah, etc shall not be less than 1.0 m and
not more than 1.2 m in height from the finished floor level.

MEZZANINE FLOOR :
HEIGHT - It shall have a minimum height of 2.2 m.
SIZE - The minimum size of the mezzanine floor, if it is to be used
as a living room, shall not be less than 9.5 sqm .
The aggregate area of such mezzanine floor in a building shall in
no case exceed one third the plinth area of the building.

GARAGE :
HEIGHT - The height of a garage shall be not less than 2.4 m.
SIZE - The size of garages shall be as below:
1. Private Garage - 3.0 m × 6.0 m, minimum
2. Public Garage - Based on the number of vehicles parked by
ECU

NBC- 2016
 21

Market Survey

https://www.makaan.com/price-trends/property-rates-for-buy-in-hyderabad
 22

By:
Alia B i n t K halid - 1 9091AA001
Prac h i S o mani - 19091AA028
Shru t i D u gar - 19091AA034
Yame e n Ahmed - 19 091AA040
Vans h M ehta - 190 91AA079
G aur a v B a jaj - 19091AA049
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