PLANNING,ANALYSIS,

DESIGNING &
ESTIMATION OF HIGH
RISE BUILDING

Presented By : • Bhusale Amar

• Khaire Sagar
• Mhatre Hardik
• Tamboli Shekhar

Guided by Prof D.M.JOSHI

What is a high-rise building?

“A building whose height creates different

conditions in the design, construction, and use
than those that exist in common buildings of a
certain region and period.”
Definitions :

 Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed

and every part thereof whether used as human habitation or not and includes
foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building
services, fixed platforms, verandah, balcony, cornice or projection, part of a
building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or intended to
enclose any land or space and signs and outdoor display structure whose
architectural height is between 35 & 100 meters is known as a High Rise
Building.
 
 Emporis Standards defines a high-rise as "A multi-story structure between 35–
100 meters tall, or a building of unknown height from 12–39 floors." 
 
 According to the building code of Hyderabad, India, a high-rise building is one
with four floors or more, or one 15 meters or more in height.
Necessity of High Rise Buildings :

 Scarcity of Land in Fast growing city like Mumbai.

 Rapid growth of population in urban communities,
and therefore the constant pressure of the limited land
area affected the evolution of building.
 Horizontal Development gets restricted due to less
space & then Vertical growth is the ultimate option
available.
 Restriction of random expansion in major cities
adjacent to agricultural land.
 Innovations in Structural Systems.
 Expensive land prices.
 The high cost of setting up infrastructure for new
cities.
 Expression of progress and civilization.
 Improving the Aesthethic view of the City.
 Benefiting the Economy of the Society.
 Human aspiration to build higher.
High Rise Buildings
Making Mumbai
Aesthetic

Slums Creating
Havoc in the City
 History & Development of High Rise Buildings :

The Empire State building(New york),a

A 60 Storey Wool Worth Building(New 102 Storey was found to be the tallest
york) built in the year 1913. building in the year 1931.
 The World Trade
The original World Trade Center featured Center is a complex
landmark twin towers, which opened on of buildings in
April 4, 1973, and were destroyed in the Lower Manhattan,
September 11 attacks of 2001, along with New York City,
7 World Trade Center United States,
replacing an earlier
complex of seven
buildings with the
same name on the
same site
 Taipei 101 , formerly known as the
Taipei World Financial Center, is a
landmark skyscraper located in Xinyi
District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building
ranked officially as the world's tallest
from 2004 until the opening of the Burj
Khalifa in Dubai in 2010.

Asia witnessed its first tallest building in the year

1975 in the form of Shinjuku Mitsui Building in
Tokyo,which was 224 m tall.
• Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower“),
known as Burj Dubai prior to its
inauguration, is a skyscraper in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and
is the tallest man-made structure
in the world, at 829.8 m (2,722
ft).
• The Burj Khalifa uses the bundled
tube designProportionally, the
design uses half the amount of
steel used in the construction of
the Empire State Building thanks
to the tubular system.
• It comprises of 163 floors plus 46
maintenance levels in the spire
and 2 parking levels in the
basement.
• Construction began on 21
September 2004, with the
exterior of the structure
completed on 1 October 2009 &
was opened on January 4, 2010 .
In 2010, Imperial Tower 1 & 2 constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd, at Tardeo was
opened for residents which have a height of 254 m each & is the tallest Building in Mumbai
till date.
World One is expected to be the
tallest building in India having a
height of 442 m & 117 floors to be
completed in year 2015.
 Planning Aspects of High Rise Buildings :
• Area Shall not be less than 1000 sq.m

• Setbacks of 12 m on either sides of High Rise Buildings shall be provided.

• Parking floor height shall not be more than 4.2 m.

• Minimum 2 Nos. of staircases shall be proposed for High Rise Buildings.

• The first refuge floor to be at 24 m and thereafter the refuge floor shall be
provided at interval of 15 m.

• If building height is more than 70 m., break tank of 30,000 Liters (Thirty
Thousand Liters) minimum capacity shall be provided.

• Projections beyond the building line in the form of flowerbed, niche, deck etc
including the balcony, terrace shall not exceed 1.2 m.
 Foundation for High Rise Buildings :
The structure, that transmits the load of the building to the
soil is known as Foundation for that Structure

Shallow
Foundation Deep Foundation
Shallow Foundations :
A shallow foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the
earth very near the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths
as does a deep foundation.
Types of Shallow Foundation are as :

Spread footing foundation

Mat-slab foundations

Slab-on-Grade foundation

Rubble trench foundation

Earthbag foundation

Screwpiles
Deep foundations:
The foundations constructed below ground level with some arrangements
such as piles, wells, etc. at their base are called deep foundations.
These are further classified as :

Pile foundation

Well foundation

Caisson foundation
Types of Shallow Foundations Pile Foundation Types
 Analysis & Design of High Rise Buildings :
High Rise Buildings generally have following type of structural loads & thus
analysis of the same is an important aspect determining the designing
parameters of the Buildings.

• Gravity loads Snow Load

– Dead loads
– Live loads
– Snow loads
  Wind
• Lateral loads Load Dead &
– Wind loads Live Load
– Seismic loads
 
• Special load cases
– Impact loads
– Blast loads

Earth Quake
Load
Dead Load
Wind
Load

Live Load

EarthQuake
Load
Materials Used in High Rise Buildings :

Reinforced Concrete

Light Weight Concrete Brickwork Glass being used as Walling in Kohinoor Square,Dadar
 Plastic used as pipe material for waste and rainwater

Steel used for reinforcement

Mineral Wool used as Insulating Material

 Estimation of High Rise Building
• Approximate Method :
• This is the approximate method where in the Plinth Area or Built Area is beng
calculated by any appropriate method & then is multiplied with Per Unit Rate of
Constuction of any Previously constructed Building.
• Adding Water Charges,Establishment Charges,Electrical Charges,Other Overhead
Expenses & Contractor’s Profits gives the Total Net Approximated Cost of the
Project.
 
• Detailed Estimation:
• This method includes determination of Quantity required for the Building & then
calculating the cost of Construction by the knowing the per unit rate of the
acquired Quantities.
• Also the Labour required for the Project is determined & thus rate of labours can
also be figured out.
• To this Sum,extra charges for Water,Electricity,Over head Expenses,Contractor’s
Profit etc are added to find the Total Net Estimated Cost of the Project.
 Standards for High Rise Buildings:
•High Rise Buildings need to meet certain standards for its approval & Sustainability.
Also the safety features & basic amenities need to be fulfilled by these Buildings for
their existence.
•Design standards:
There are many building design standards that must be taken into consideration when
design high rise buildings, and they are as follows:
 Location & surrounding building planning .
 Project’s scale and the general view.
 Keeping an open city view.
 Environment (handling wind issues – shadows – other environmental issues).
 Transportation & car parking.
 On the level of ground floor policies.
 Infrastructure, energy efficiency & sustainable development.
 Management & operation.
 Safety and security and building standards.
• Principles & design standards related to use construction systems are as :

 The building must achieve all building laws related to internal spacing.
 The Building must apply modern technological systems.
 It must constructed using suitable structure systems.
 The building should have a distinctive.
 Application of all civil defense requirements related to safety and fire fighting.
 Provision of all services (car parking ,fire fighting water tanks ,water supply tanks,
etc).
 Fire escape stairs should consist of 2 flights each flight must not be less than 90 cm
wide.
 Fire escape staircase must connect to outside of the building.
 Ease of access of all floors to civil defense units.
 The building must be constructed out of fire resistant materials (or materials with a
high rate of fire resistance).
 The main stair case flight must not be less than 135 cm wide.
 The main staircase & elevators should be present in every main core of the building.
 Provision of sufficient parking slots to the number of the building users.
 Basement floors with all the suitable systems to the required use.
•Eco-friendly high rise buildings design standards:
•Environmental standards must be applied when designing high rise
buildings. As most of the countries nowadays seek to achieve
sustainable buildings to maintain the efficiency of the building
through applying the following:
 Use of renewable energies.
 Use of eco-friendly construction materials.
 Water rationalization inside the high rise building.
 Air Quality inside the high rise building.
 Proper lighting inside of the building.
 Color selection philosophy.
 Acoustic design.
 Building security issues and its design.
 Environmentally compatible architectural style.
Data Collection :
 Site Layout plan.
 Building Plan.
 Soil related data of the Site.
 Seismic Viability of the Site.
 Wind data of that Zone.
Methods Of Designing :
Shear Wall System

Shear Wall – Walls used in building

construction that aid in transferring lateral
loads from the roof system or walls down
to the foundation.
• Resists lateral deformation by joint
rotation
• Requires high bending stiffness of
columns and beams
• Rigid joints are essential for stability
• Not effective for heights over 30 stories
Braced Frame System :
A Braced Frame is a structural system which
is designed primarily to resist wind and
earthquake forces. Members in a braced
frame are designed to work in tension and
compression, similar to a truss.
•Braced frames are almost always composed
of steel members.
• Lateral forces are resisted by axial actions
of bracing and columns
• Steel bracing members or filled-in bays
• More efficient than a rigid frame
Core Structure System :
• Lateral and gravity loads supported by
central core
• Eliminates columns and bracing elements
• Core is inefficient because it is not deep
in respect to bending
• Moment supported floors are inefficient

Tubular System:
• Majority of structural elements around the
perimeter
• Sides normal to lateral load resist bending
• Sides parallel to lateral load resist shear
• Minimize number of interior columns
• Closely spaced exterior columns.
 Hybrid Systems
• Combine advantages of different structural
and material systems
• Composite material system
• Concrete super columns
• Steel encased concrete columns
• Composite floor system
Steel encased concrete
• Steel truss and outrigger systems
Exposed steel column encased in concrete
• High strength concrete super columns reduce for fire protection.
deflections and weight
• Steel encased HS concrete combines
• Easy erectability of steel,
• Axial load capacity of HS concrete,
• Efficient confinement and reinforcement.