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Home village (n) Quê nhà

Factory (n) Nhà máy

Almost (adv) Hầu như

Believe (v) Tin tưởng

Damage (v, n) Phá hủy, sự phá hủy, tổn thất

Die (v) Chết

Dead (adj) Chết

Polluted (adj) Bị ô nhiễm

Pollution (n) Sự ô nhiễm

Continue (v) Tiếp tục

Dump (v) Đổ, vứt bỏ

Poison (n) Chất độc

Poisonous (adj) Có độc, nhiễm độc

Aquatic (adj) Sống ở dưới nước

Dirty (adj) Bẩn thỉu

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Sneeze (v) Hắt hơi

Come up with (v) Nghĩ ra

Environmental (adj) Thuộc môi trường

Give presentation (v) Thuyết trình

Illustrate (v) Minh họa

Surprise (v, n) Gây ngạc nhiên, sự ngạc nhiên

Water pollution (n) Ô nhiễm nước

Noise pollution (n) Ô nhiễm tiếng ồn

Radioactive pollution (n) Ô nhiễm phóng xạ

Land/soil pollution (n) Ô nhiễm đất

Thermal pollution (n) Ô nhiễm nhiệt

Air pollution (n) Ô nhiễm không khí

Light pollution (n) Ô nhiễm ánh sáng

Visual pollution (n) Ô nhiễm tầm nhìn

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Stream (n) Dòng suối

River (n) Dòng sông

Ocean (n) Đại dương

Change (v) Thay đổi, sự thay đổi

Atmosphere (n) Bầu không khí

Contain (v) Chứa đựng

Gas (n) Khí gas

Dust (n) Bụi

Fume (n) Khói thải

Harmful (adj) Có hại

Radiation (n) Phóng xạ

Contaminant (n) Chất gây ô nhiễm

Contamination (n) Sự ô nhiễm

Ground water (n) Nước ngầm

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Earth’s surface (n) Bề mặt trái đất

Occur (v) Xảy ra

Telephone pole (n) Cột điện thoại

Advertising billboard (n) Biển quảng cáo

Overhead (adj) ở trên đầu

Acid rain (n) Mưa axit

Chemical (adj) Thuộc hóa học

Waste (n) Chất thải

Float (v) Nổi

Breathing problem (n) Vấn đề hô hấp

Throw (v) Ném vứt

Litter (v) Xả xác, rác

spill (v) Làm tràn, làm đổ

Lead to (v) Dẫn tới

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Household (n, adj) Hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình

Birth defect (n) Khuyết tật bẩm sinh

Expose (v) Tiếp xúc

Tiny species (n) Sinh vật nhỏ

Disease (n) Bệnh tật

Dramatic (adj) Nghiêm trọng

Reduction (n) Sự rút gọn, sự giảm giá

Recycle (v) Tái chế

Issue (n) Vấn đề

Behaviour (n) Hành vi

Pattern (n) Kiểu mẫu, gương mẫu

Renewable (adj) Có thể làm mới, có thể tái sinh

Decrease (v) Làm giảm

Rubbish (n) Rác thải

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Resident (n) Cư dân

Complain (v) Phàn nàn

affect (v) Gây ảnh hưởng

Blood pressure (n) Huyết áp

Hearing loss (n) Sự mất khả năng nghe

Industrial (adj) Thuộc về công nghiệp

Herbicide (n) Thuốc diệt cỏ

Weed (n) Cỏ dại

Source pollutant (n) Nguồn gây ô nhiễm

Discharge (v, n) Sự dỡ hàng, sự tháo ra

Result in (v) Dẫn tới, gây ra

Vehicle (n) Phương tiện giao thông

Serious (adj) Nghiêm trọng

Global warming (n) Sự nóng lên toàn cầu

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untidy (adj) Lôi thôi, lếch thếch

I. Conditional sentences type 1. (Câu điều kiện loại 1)

1. Form
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Future (Thì tương lai đơn)
Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)
S + will/ won’t + V (bare infinitive)
If + S + V (s/es)
S+ can/must/ may/ might+ V (bare infinitive)
Eg 1. If I have enough money, I will buy a big house.
(Nếu tôi có đủ tiền , tôi sẽ mua một ngôi nhà lớn).
Eg 2. If you want to pass the exam, you must study harder.
(Nếu bạn muốn thi đỗ , bạn phải học hành chăm chỉ hơn).
Eg 3. If she doesn’t want to be late, She must get up early.
(Nếu cô ấy không muốn bị muộn thì cô ấy phải dậy sớm).
2. Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu điều kiện diễn tả tình trạng có thật ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai.
Eg
If you learn hard, you will pass the exam. Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ đỗ kỳ thi.
- Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, thì hiện tại đơn dùng trong mệnh đề If, còn thì tương
lai đơn được dùng trong mệnh đề chính.
Eg
If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic
animals will die
Nếu nhà máy tiếp tục thải chất độc xuống hồ, thì tất cả loài cá và các sinh vật dưới
nước sẽ chết.
Chú ý Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả một
điều kiện luôn đúng
II. Conditional sentences type 2. (Câu điều kiện loại 2)
1. Form.
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
If +S + V-ed/2 S + would/ could/might + V(infinitive)
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 If + S + were S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t +V (infinitive)

Eg 1. If I became rich, I would spend all my time travelling.
Nếu tôi giàu, tôi sẽ dành tất cả thời gian để đi du lịch.
2. Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện không có thật thường dùng để nói lên
sự tưởng tượng của người nói. (Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc
tương lai).
If I were you, I would buy that bike.
Nếu tôi là bạn tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đạp đó.
Chú ý Trong mệnh đề không có thật ở hiện tại, chúng ta có thể dùng were
thay cho was trong tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề If.
Eg. If I were you, I would study English hard.
Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ học Tiếng Anh chăm chỉ hơn.

PHONETICS
Question I. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. watched B. washed C. danced D. played
2. A. goes B. watches C. misses D. brushes
3. A. come B. mother C. open D. some
4. A. mention B. question C. action D. education
5. A. who B. when C. where D. what
Question II. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. sun B. fun C. put D. unhappy
2. A. mind B. bike C. tradition D. tidy
3. A. my B. happy C. hobby D. factory
4. A. health B. team C. tea D. beach
5. A. listened B. opened C. wanted D. lived
Question III. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the
others.
1. A. person B. father C. teacher D. enjoy
2. A. prefer B. enjoy C. mother D. agree
3. A. doctor B. father C. picture D. depend
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4. A. pollution B. visit C. listen D. open

5. A. depend B. advise C. affect D. listen
Question IV. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. affect B. father C. teacher D. picture
2. A. prefer B. enjoy C. mother D. affect
3. A. affect B. happen C. pollution D. fancy
4. A. pollution B. picture C. village D. factory
5. A. illustrate B. believe C. affect D. pollution
Question V. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. artistic B. historic C. dramatic D. scientific
2. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. historical
3. A. athletic B. dramatic C. scientific D. heroic
4. A. medical B. hospital C. politic D. electric
5. A. chemical B. physical C. environmental D. medical
Question VI. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. athletic B. historic C. dramatic D. scientific
2. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. informal
3. A. athletic B. dramatic C. scientific D. heroic
4. A. medical B. hospital C. politic D. electric
5. A. dramatic B. physical C. environmental D. medical
VOCABURLARY AND GRAMMAR
Question I. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D)
1.I like ______________back my home village on holiday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
2. If the factory ________________dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and
other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues
B. to continue
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C. continued
D. will continue
3. Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. pollution
B. pollute
C. polluted
D. polluting
4. Mi and Nick like ______________back Mi’s home village on holiday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other
aquatic animals ________________.
A. die
B. to die
C. dead
D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. contaminating
B. contaminate
C. contaminated
D. contamination
7. If we ______________water carefully, more people will have fresh water.
A. will use
B. would use
C. using
D. use
8. If the factory continues dumping poison ________________ the lake, all the fish
and other aquatic animals will die.\
A. into
B. to
C. about
D. in
Question II. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D)
1. Mi and Nick like ______________back Mi’s home village on holiday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
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2. If the factory ________________dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and
other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues
B. to continue
C. continued
D. will continue
3. Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. pollution
B. pollute
C. polluted
D. polluting
4. If the air wasn’t dirty, I ________________ so much.
A. wouldn’t sneeze
B. sneeze
C. would sneeze
D. to sneeze
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other
aquatic animals ________________.
A. die
B. to died
C. dead
D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. contaminating
B. contaminate
C. contaminated
D. contamination
7. If I were you, I ______________ that car.
A. would buy
B. buy
C. bought
D. buying
8. If we recycle more, we ________________the Earth.
A. help
B. would help
C. helping
D. will help
Conditional Sentence Type I : Câu điều kiện loại 1
Question I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
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1.If we (recycle) ________ more, we will help the Earth.

2. Factories (not dump) ______________waste into rivers if the government fine
them heavily.
3. If people travel to work by bus, there (be) ______________fewer car fumes.
4. We (save) ________________thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.
5. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ______________fresh water.
6. If the factory (continue) ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all
the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
7.If we recycle more, we (help) ________________ the Earth.
8. If people (travel)________________to work by bus, there will be fewer car
fumes.
9. We_______________ save thousands of trees if we (not waste) don’t waste
paper.
10. Factories don’t dump waste into rivers if the government (fine)
_______________ them heavily.
Question II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1. If he (study) ________________ harder, he can pass an exam.
2. She may be late if she (not hurry) ________________.
3.If you study harder, you (pass) ________________ the exam.
4. If you are kind to me, I (be) _______________ good to you.
5.If he (give) _______________ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon
well again.
6. You (not pass) _______________ your driving test unless you drive more
carefully.
7. He’ll be ill if he (not stop) ________________ worrying so much.
8. We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if it (be) ________________ nice.
Conditional Sentence Type II : Câu điều kiện loại 2
Question III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1. If I were you, I (look) ________________ for a new place to live.
2. If Lan wasn’t ill, she (join) ________________ out tree planting activity.
3.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ________________ less
pollution.
4.If people really cared about the environment, they (not dump)
________________ waste into the lake.
5.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ________________.
6.If you (be) ________________ the president, what would you do to help the
environment ?
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7.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ________________
heathier.
8.If I (have) ________________ one million US dollars , I would build more parks
in our city.
9.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If
Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) __________
so upset.
10.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ________________
vegetables.
Question IV. Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II.
1. If you come with me, I (do) ............................ the shopping with you.
2. Jimmy (help) ............................ his mother in the garden if she reads him a story
this evening.
3. If it (ran) ............................, I will stay at home.
4. Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) ............................ the poem by heart.
5. If they had enough money, they (buy) ............................ a new car.
6. We (pass) ............................ the exam if we studied harder.
7. If Pat (repair) ............................ his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8. She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) ............................ this old shelf.
9. If I were you, I (invite) ............................ Jack to the party.
10. If the weather (be) ............................ fine, the children can walk to school.
Question V. Choose the correct answer.
1. If I ______ you, I would do that.
A. am B. were C. are D. had been
2. If I were offered the job, I think I ______it.
A. take B. will take C. would take D. would have taken
3. I would be very surprised if he ______.
A. refuses B. refused C. had refused D. would refuse
4. If she sold her car, she ____________ much money.
A. gets B. would get C. will get D. would have got
5. If someone ______ in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
A. would walk B. walks C. had walked D. walked
6. We’ll get wet if we ______out.
A. go B. did go C. went D. had gone
7. If I ______ go shopping, I some food.
A. buy B. will buy C. would buy D. would have bought
8. If I find it, I ______you.
A. will tell B. would tell C. had told D. told
9. What would you do if y______ou a million dollars ?
A. would win B. win C. had won D. won
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10. If ______ you from London to Glassgow, which way would you go ?
A. drive B. drove C. did drive D. had driven
11. Many people would be out of work if that factory ______ down.
A. closes B. had closed C. closed D. would close
12. They would be disappointed if we ______.
A. hadn’t come B. wouldn’t come C. don’t come D. didn’t come
13. Would John be angry if I his bicycle ______ without asking ?
A. take B. took C. had taken D. would take
14. She ______ terribly upset if I lost this ring.
A. will be B. would be C. were D. had been
15. What will happen if you ______ to work tomorrow ?
A. don’t go B. didn’t go C. won’t go D. wouldn’t go
Question VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form to complete the
sentences.
1. If the local people drink the contaminated water, they (have) ……………..
health problems.
2. If there were more trees in this area, the air (be) …………….. fresher.
3. All the aquatic animals (die) …………….. if people don’t stop dumping sewage
into the lake.
4. Global warming (not happen) …………….. if there weren’t too much carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
5. If the sun (shine) …………….., we will walk to the mountain.
6. If people (stop) …………….. digging the street, there wouldn’t be noise
pollution in this area.
7. People use a lot of cars and motorcycles. If people (reduce) …………….. the
use of motor vehicles, there (be) …………….. less serious air pollution.
8. If you (not read) …………….. these articles, you (not know) …………….. the
facts about water pollution.
9. If I (be) …………….. the president, I (remove) …………….. all the factories
out of the city.
10. Your brother (have) …………….. hearing problems if he (listen) ……………..
to too loud music.
Question VII. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. If/people/ not/ stop/ dumping/ waste/ into/ rivers/,/pollution/ increase/.
________________________________________
2. If/ polar/ ice caps/ melt/ ,/huge landmasses/ be/ under/ water.
________________________________________
3. If the air/ in/ city/ be/polluted/ ,it/can/ cause/ people’s/ respiratory/ problems.
________________________________________
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4. If/smog/ be/ frequently/ formed/ in/ city/,/it/ cause/ difficulty/ in/ breathing/
headache/ even/ lung cancer.
________________________________________
5. If/ carbon monoxide/ concentrate/ in/ great/ amounts/, /it/ be/ harmful/.
________________________________________
6. The climate/ change/ if/ more trees/ be/ cut/ down/ for/ hardwood/.
________________________________________
7. If/ we/ not/ control/ pollution/ soon/,/it/ be/ too/ late/.
________________________________________
8. If/we/ not/ protect/ frontier/,/we/ suffer/ many/ from/ natural/ disasters.
________________________________________