Fourier Series

If function is periodic,
and piecewise smooth for
Then:

In Which:

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 These are equal in the integral sense

The distance between two function is zero then we

say they are basically the same function

integral Norm

Dept. of Machine tool and Tribology, C10-202 Van-Thuc Tran, P.h.D| 109 |
 Fourier Series
If function is periodic, and piecewise smooth
Then:
In Which:

MATLAB Play

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 Inner Product Space
The inner product space is the vector space
with inner product.
If we have two vector then:
Rule 1.

Rule 2.
Linearity

Rule 3. Non – Negativity

Two vector are orthogonal if

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 Inner Product for function (on interval [a b]).
If we have two function then:

Define Norm of function

If we want to know how close of 2 function then

we only need to compute the Norm of

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Two function are orthogonal if

is orthogonal to if

Similarly:

is orthogonal to if

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 Because we have ‘sin’ and ‘cos’ the we may try to write
Fourier Series in complex form.

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 is Real value:

Dept. of Machine tool and Tribology, C10-202 Van-Thuc Tran, P.h.D| 115 |
 for serve as the basis of periodic function
on the interval

We also have for serve as the basis of periodic

function on the interval
is orthogonal basis:
This mean all function is orthogonal to each other:

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A Fourier Series is just a change of coordination (basis)
of a function f(x) into an infinite dimensional orthogonal
function space spanned by sines and cosines )

Fourier Series

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If is Real value:
:

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A Fourier Series on [-L, L] and take the limit

represented as infinite sum of sin and cos

With frequency

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 Fourier Transform

D T
T

Fourier Transform!

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Why do we go from Fourier Series to Fourier Transform
integral?
Fourier Series: Function must be periodic
or periodic

Fourier Transform: We generalize for non periodic Function

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Fourier Series:

We can find how each of frequency contribute to

the . But is countable (discrete frequency)

Fourier Transform:

By t we have the coefficient is a continuous

function of .
Given any , we can calculate how much of that frequency
contribute to to express
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 Fourier Transform

Invert Fourier Transform:

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 Fourier Transform define from for well
behavior
Mean that: when
Otherwise, Fourier Transform can’t handle:

For example: Heaviside

Other Examples:

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 What is the possible solution?
Solution: Multiply that function with a strongly
decaying function

Only consider

Assumption: for some

And we choose

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 Take the F.T of the function

The invert Fourier Transform:

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 Laplace Transform
Let: Laplace variable
(generalize frequency)

Define:

Laplace Transform is just Fourier Transform of my function times exponential decay

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 Example

Laplace Transform Table

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 Properties

What is ?

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 Properties

if:

Then:

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 Example
Spring mass damping system: =0
=0

=0 =2 =-5

=0

Characteristic Pol. All about IC.

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Dept. of Machine tool and Tribology, C10-202 Van-Thuc Tran, P.h.D| 132 |
 Example =2 =-5

Characteristic Pol. ICs. External F.

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Dept. of Machine tool and Tribology, C10-202 Van-Thuc Tran, P.h.D| 134 |
 Assume Zero IC. (for simplify)

In Frequency Domain

Transfer Function

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 Final solution:

Convolution integral
(convolve dynamic of
ODE with force term)

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