1

DESAIN CROSSING 20 kV UJUNG ALANG NUSAKAMBANGAN

ACSR 240

clearance

T1 T2 ,BB4 +6

50 50
150

Konduktor /Ground Wire ACSR 240

2
Luas Penampang Total A = 240 mm
Diameter total d = 21,8 mm
berat konduktor permeter Wc = 0,989 kg/m
Ultimate strength Tu = 18265 kg
2
Modulus elastisitas E = 6300 kg/mm
o
koefisien ekpansi linier e = 2E-05 1/ C
Ruling span /span RS/S = 150 m
2
tekanan angin Wp = 40 kg/m
o
temperatur konduktor minimum TE = 100 C
o
temperatur konduktor maksimum TA = 30 C
o
Basic temperature To = 30 C

Statical Tension T1 = 850 kg

beban angin pada konduktor Ww = Wp d

= 0,872 kg/m
beban efektif konduktor ( bs & angin ) Wa =
= 1,318524 kg/m
koef beban q1 = Wa/Wc
= 1,333189
faktor beban q2 = 1

initial condition conductor weight persection d= Wc/A

= 0,004121
Everyday Stress f1 = T1/A
= 3,541667
 2

Everyday Stress f1 = T1/A

= 3,541667
Temperatur Tc = TE-TA
= 70
Saging temperatur 100 o C K = f1-((d 2 q12 Leq 2 E)/( 24 f1 2)
= -10,6702
M = ( d 2 q2 2 Leq 2 E)/24
= 100,2956
( f2 -( K-( e Tc . E))) = M
2
f2

.= f2 2( f2 -( -10,67 - 10,143 ))= 100,3

.= 3
f2 - f22 ( -10,67 - 10,143 )= 100,3
.= f2 3- f22
( -20,81 ) = 100,3
2,0925 100,296 9,1624 -91,13 100,3 0,0001
f2 = 1,7437
Working Tension ( T2 ) =f2 A
T2= 418,49 kg
hasil perhitungan berdasarkan temperatur maximum 100 oC
Sagging = ( Wc M2 )/ 8 T2 + ( Wc 3 M4)/384 T2 3
= 2,09252 m < 5% Span = 7,5 m

clearance = 20- sagging = 17,907 m

Konduktor /Ground Wire ACSR 240

Luas Penampang Total A = 240 mm2
Diameter total d = 21,8 mm
berat konduktor permeter Wc = 0,989 kg/m
Ultimate strength Tu = 18265 kg
2
Modulus elastisitas E = 6300 kg/mm
koefisien ekpansi linier e = 2E-05 1/oC
Ruling span /span RS/S = 50 m
2
tekanan angin Wp = 40 kg/m
o
temperatur konduktor minimum TE = 100 C
o
temperatur konduktor maksimum TA = 30 C
o
Basic temperature To = 30 C

Statical Tension T1 = 850 kg

beban angin pada konduktor Ww = Wp d

= 0,872 kg/m
beban efektif konduktor ( bs & angin ) Wa =
= 1,318524 kg/m
koef beban q1 = Wa/Wc
= 1,333189
faktor beban q2 = 1
 3

initial condition conductor weight persection d= Wc/A

= 0,004121
Everyday Stress f1 = T1/A
= 3,541667
Temperatur Tc = TE-TA
= 70
o 2 2 2 2
Saging temperatur 100 C K = f1-((d q1 Leq E)/( 24 f1 )
= 1,962575
M = ( d 2 q2 2 Leq 2 E)/24
= 11,14396
( f2 -( K-( e Tc . E))) = M
2
f2

.= f2 2( f2 -( 1,9626 - 10,143 ))= 11,144

3 2
.= f2 - f2 ( 1,9626 - 10,143 )= 11,144
.= 3
f2 - f22
( -8,18 ) = 11,144
1,096 11,144 1,3167 -9,827 11,144 -1E-05
f2 = 1,7437
Working Tension ( T2 ) =f2 A
T2= 418,49 kg
hasil perhitungan berdasarkan temperatur maximum 100 oC
Sagging = ( Wc M2 )/ 8 T2 + ( Wc 3 M4)/384 T2 3
= 1,09604 m < 5% Span = 2,5 m

clearance = 9 - sagging = 7,904 m

 4

II. DESAIN PONDASI TOWER T1 BH2

I. Umum

Direncanakan Pondasi tower transmisi 70 kV

No Tower : Tower T 1 BH2
type Tower : BB4 +6
Conductor :
Earthwire :
Lokasi :
No Tower :

1.1 Standar Acuan

1. Peraturan Beton Bertulang PBI 71

2. Tata Cara Perhitungan Beton Untuk Pembangunan Gedung SNI-T-15-1991-03
3. Spesifikasi Tenik PLN
4. American Concrete Institute ( ACI-318)
5. American Society Civil Engineer ( ASCE)
6. Guide Line for Cone Penetration Test , Performance US Department of Transportation
7. SPLN.T5.008.1 :2019 , DESAIN PONDASI TOWER RANGKA BAJA UNTUK SALURAN
UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI DAN SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN EKSTRA TINGGI
BERDASARKAN HASIL SONDIR , Bag.1 : Kriteria Desain
1.2 Faktor Keamanan ( SF )

1 Daya Dukung
a. Pondasi dangkal = 3,00

b. Pondasi dalam
.-Dukung Ujung = 3,00
.- Gesek = 5,00

2 Stabilitas Geser = 1,50

3 Stabilitas Guling = 2,00
4 Uplift = 2,00
5 Setttlement = 2,50 cm

1.3 Spesifikasi Teknik

2
1 Beton K-225, f'c = 195,75 kg/cm
= 19,575 Mpa
2
2 kuat lekat beton,fl = 4,6171 kg/cm
= 0,4617 Mpa
2
3 Tulangan BJTS35,fy = 3500 kg/cm
= 350 Mpa
2
4 Tulangan BJTP24,fy = 2400 kg/cm
= 240 Mpa
 5

5 baja profil
2
.- high tensile,Fy = 3550 kg/cm
= 355 Mpa
2
.-Mild Steel , Fy = 2350 kg/cm
= 235 Mpa
6 Bolt M24 class8.8
2
.- Fgeser = 3600 kg/cm
= 360 Mpa
2
.- F tarik = 8000 kg/cm
= 800 Mpa
7 Berat Volume
Material
3
a. BeratTanah ,gs = 1600 kg/m
3
b. Berat pasir, gp = 1950 kg/m
3
c. Berat Beton = 2400 kg/m
Bertulang
3
d. Berat Lantai Kerja = 1200 kg/m

1.5 Beban Reaksi Untuk Desain Pondasi TOWER BB4 +6

SAFETY FACTOR = 1,1 (BWC)

Load Case Node Fx ( kN ) Fy ( kN ) Fz ( kN ) Mx My Mz

1050 1531 -5,321 -14,894 -58,074 -0,016 -0,101 0,009
1535 -28,845 -44,112 397,936 -0,221 0,276 -0,001
1539 18,112 -6,098 135,687 -0,101 -0,063 0,003
1543 -37,493 -20,976 -319,925 -0,258 -0,19 0,012
resultant -53,547 -86,08 155,624 2635,73 1515,347 -185,101

Load Case Node Fx ( kN ) Fy ( kN ) Fz ( kN ) Mx My Mz

1050 1531 -4,837273 -13,54 -52,79455 -0,01455 -0,091818 0,008182
1535 -26,22273 -40,1018 361,76 -0,20091 0,2509091 -0,00091
1539 16,46545 -5,54364 123,3518 -0,09182 -0,057273 0,002727
1543 -34,08455 -19,0691 -290,8409 -0,23455 -0,172727 0,010909
resultant 44,25372 78,25455 141,4764 2396,11 1377,5882 -168,274
 6

2.2 Berdasarkan data N-SPT

Berdasarkan Meyerhof(1957) :

Qiult = 40 N b Ab + 0.2 N av As
dimana :
Nb : nilai SPT pada elevasi dasar tiang
Nave : nilai SPT rata-rata
2
As : Luas selimut tiang ( m )
Ab : Luas penampang tiang ( m2)

d= 0,25 m

Db Qult
Nb Nave 40 Nb Ab 0.2 Nav As
(m) (ton) (ton) (ton)

2 1 1 2,50 0,40 2,90

4 1 1 2,50 0,80 3,30
6 3 3 7,50 2,00 9,50
8 3 3 7,50 3,20 10,70
10 4 4 10,00 4,80 14,80
12 4 4 10,00 6,40 16,40
14 5 5 12,50 8,40 20,90
16 6 6 15,00 10,80 25,80
18 5 5 12,50 12,80 25,30
20 15 15 37,50 18,80 56,30
22 12 12 30,00 23,60 53,60
24 13 13 32,50 28,80 61,30

daya dukung ditentukan :

40 Nb Ab = 32,50 ton
0.2 Nav As = 28,80 ton
Qult = 61,30 ton
Qal = Qb + Qs
SF1 ( kompress)= 3,00
SF2( friksi ) = 5,00
Qball = 40 Nb Ab /SF1 = 10,83 ton
Qs all = 0,2 Nav As /SF2 = 7,20 ton
Qall = 18,03 ton
 7

2.3 Perhitungan Jumlah Pile

Qall = 18,03 ton ( daya dukung ijin Borepile)

Fz = 14,148 ton
Fx = 4,425 ton
Fy = 7,825 ton
Mx = 239,611 ton-m
My = 137,759 ton-m
Mz = 16,827 ton-m
Dimensi Pile = 0,25 m
npile = Fc/Qall
npile = 0,78452697
dipakai = 36
XT = 5,264 m Back to back
S = 1,316 m
x1=y1 = 1.5 diameter pile
x1 & y1 = 0,50 m
dimensi pile Cap:
B = S + 2 x1
B = 6,26 m ( dimensi pile cap )
L = S+ 2 x1
L = 6,26 m ( dimensi pile cap )
C = 0,50 m ( dimensi Chimney )
d = 0,80 m ( tebal Pilecap )
Wf = 210,46 ton ( Berat Pondasi termasuk borepile )
Ws = 62,78 ton ( Berat tanah urug)
hf = 2,30 m
 8

Nc = Fc + Wf +Ws
Nc = 287,38 ton
Mcx = Xc (hf) Nc Mcy' .x Mcx' .y
Mcx = 10,178 ton-m (Pc )ver = + +
n å x2 å y 2
MXt= Mx + Mcx = 249,790 ton-m
ex = 0,869 m
Mcy = Yc (hf)
Mcy = 17,999 ton-m
Myt =My + Mcy = 155,757 ton-m
ey = 0,542 m

no. X-Coord Y-Coord X2 Y2 (Pc)vert Qall

Pile m m m2 m2 (ton) (ton)

1 3,501 3,174 12,258 10,074 13,75 15,33 OK

2 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 15,33 OK
3 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 15,33 OK
4 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 15,33 OK
5 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 15,33 OK
6 3,501 3,174 12,258 10,074 13,75 15,33 OK
7 3,501 2,516 12,258 6,330 12,99 15,33 OK
8 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 15,33 OK
9 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 15,33 OK
10 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 15,33 OK
11 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 15,33 OK
12 3,501 2,516 12,258 6,330 12,99 15,33 OK
13 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 15,33 OK
14 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 15,33 OK
15 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 15,33 OK
16 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 15,33 OK
17 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 15,33 OK
18 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 15,33 OK
19 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 15,33 OK
20 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 15,33 OK
21 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 15,33 OK
22 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 15,33 OK
23 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 15,33 OK
24 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 15,33 OK
25 3,501 2,516 12,258 6,330 12,99 15,33 OK
26 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 15,33 OK
27 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 15,33 OK
28 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 15,33 OK
29 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 15,33 OK
30 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 15,33 OK
31 3,501 3,174 12,258 10,074 13,75 15,33 OK
32 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 15,33 OK
33 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 15,33 OK
34 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 15,33 OK
35 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 15,33 OK
36 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 15,33 OK
263,742 214,132
 9

efisiensi kelompok tiang metoda : Converse Labare

Eg

D = 0,25 m
S = 1,32 m
m = 5,00
n = 5,00
D/s = 0,19
a = 10,76 deg
Eg = 0,85

2.4 Geser Satu Arah ( one Way Shear )

arah -x arah -y
no pile S Pc( vertikal ) no pile SPc( vertikal )
(ton) (ton)
4 12,59 19 11,45
5 13,36 20 11,06
6 13,75 21 10,28
10 11,82 22 10,28
11 12,60 23 11,06
12 12,99 24 11,45
16 10,28 25 12,99
17 11,06 26 12,60
18 11,45 27 11,82
22 10,28 28 11,82
23 11,06 29 12,60
24 11,45 30 12,60
28 11,82 31 13,75
29 12,60 32 13,36
30 12,60 33 12,59
34 12,59 34 12,59
35 13,36 35 13,36
36 13,36 36 13,36
219,03 219,03
 10

Vu1 = S(Pc )vert LF

Vu1 = 219,03 ton
= 2190,31 kN
LF = 1,1
B = 6264 mm
L = 6264 mm
d = 800 mm
C = 500 mm
deff=d-75
deff = 725 mm
f = 0,85
l = 1
Bo = 5200 mm

Vc1= f(0.17 l Bo d )

Vc1 = 2659573,905 N
= 2659,573905 kN

maka fVn = 2260,6 kN> Vu2= 2190,31 kN OK

2.5 Geser dua Arah ( Two Way Shear )

 11

Vu2 =Fz LF
Vu2 = 155,62 kN
B' = 3132,00 mm
L' = 3132,00 mm
d = 800 mm
C = 725 mm
deff = 700 mm
bc = 1
l = 1
as = 40
f = 0,85
Vu2 = 155,62 kN
bo = 4 ( C+d)
bo = 6100 mm

Vc1=0.17 ( 1+ l bo deff

Vc1 = 9634938,269 N
= 9634,938269 kN

Vc2 = 0.083 ( +2) l bo deff

Vc2 = 11361856,17 N
= 11361,85617 kN
Vc3 =0.33 l bo deff
Vc3 = 6234371,821 N
= 6234,371821 kN
Vc4 =1/6 l bo deff
Vc4 = 3148672,637 N
= 3148,672637 kN

maka fVn = 3148,672637 kN> Vu2= 155,62 kN OK

 12

2.6 Geser Dua Arah Pada pancang

dimensi pile = 250 mm

d = 800 mm
S = 1316 mm
x1 = 500 mm
Y1 = 500 mm
Vu= Pc( vert) LF
= = 138,57 kN
area efektif bo = 4(x1+S/2+deff/2)
area efektif (bo) = 6.232 mm2

Vc1=0.17 ( 1+ l bo d

Vc1 = 11.249.636,59 N
= 11.249,64 kN
 13

Vc2 = 0.083 ( +2) l bo d

Vc2 = 120.834.331,83 N
= = 120.834,33 kN
Vc3 =0.33 l bo d

Vc3 = 7.279.176,62 N
= = 7.279,2 kN
Vc4 =1/6 l bo d
Vc4 = 3.676.352 N
= 3.676 kN
maka fVn = 3.124,90 kN>Vu = 138,57 kN

2.7 Kontrol Stabilitas Pondasi

2.7.1. Daya Dukung Lateral

Hx = Fx
Hx = 4,425 ton
Hy =Fy
Hy= 7,825 ton
H result =
H result = 8,9901 ton
Digunakan metoda Brom :

2.7.2 menentukan tipe tiang pada tanah non kohesif

R=

dimana : E- modulus elastisitas tiang ( kN/m 2) Begeman , kohesion undrained (Cu )

4
I - Momen inersia Tiang ( m )

2
diameter tiang = 0,25 m Cu = 0,207 kg/cm
E = 280034819,3 kN/m2 == 20,7 kN/m
2

I = 0,00019165 m4
hh = 166 kN/m3 berdasarkan Reese etal hh =
3
R = 3,176 m hh = 0,166 MN/m
3
Lp = 24,00 m>2R = 166 kN/m
L/B = 96,00
d = 0,25 m
 14

2
Hu/Cu B = 60
Hu = 12183304608,00 N
H = 12183304,61 kN

Mmax = 4.5 Cu d ( Lp2-2.25 d2)

Mmax = 1,34136E+13 kN-m

defleksi Tiang panjang terjepit :

ƞ=

h = 0,314830841
ƞL = 30,2237607 <4

Yo =

Yo = 1,72732E-22 m
= 1,72732E-19 mm

2.7.3 Daya dukung tarik aksial tiang tunggal

tahanan gesek tiang tunggal pada tanah kohesif rumus DAS and Seeley

Tsf = L p a' Cu

Fz/n = 7,98 ton ( UPLIFT)

Cu = 2070,00 kg/cm2
= 207000,00 kpa
L = 2400 cm ( kedalaman pile)
p = 100 cm
a' = 0,4
Tsf = 198.720.000,00 kg >Qu = 7982,898 kg OK
SF = 24.893.215,62
 15

2.7.4. Daya dukung aksial Tiang kelompok pada tanah kohesif

Qult = 2 D ( B+ L ) C ur + 1.3 C ub S N c B L

Dimana :
C ur = kohesi tanah rata rata sepanjang L
C ub = kohesi tanah pada kedalaman L
S = faktor bentuk pondasi blok sesuai gambar -15
Nc = faktor daya dukung pondasi blok sesuai gambar -16

D = 24,00 m kedalaman pile

L = 6,26 m jarak antara pile
B = 6,26 m jarak antara pile
Cur =Cub = 20,70 kN/m2
D/B = 3,83
Nc = 12,00 bearing capacity faktor
dia pile = 0,25 m
Lp = 24,00 m
Lp/dia pile = 96,00
S = 1,70 faktor bentuk
Qult = 33950,60 KN
== 339,51 ton< Fz = 205,27 ton OK
SF = 1,654
 16

2.5.5 Daya dukung aksial Tarik Tiang kelompok pada tanah kohesif

Qu = ( 2LH + BH ) C u + W’

Dimana :
Qu = daya dukung aksial ultimit
L = Panjang kelompok tiang
H = Panjang tiang
B = ebar kelompok tiang
Cu = kohesi tanah tidak terdrainase
W' = Berat tiang dan pilecap

L = 6,26 m
B = 6,26 m
H = 25,00 m
2
Cu = 6,26 kN/m
W' = 3,60 kN
Qu = 2946,43 kN
== 294,64 ton> FZ = 56,591 ton OK
SF = 5,21
 17

III Perhitungan Penurunan Pondasi

kedalaman pilecap hf = 1,00 m

Lp = 23,00 m ( panjang Pile)
V = 287,38 ton
L panjang pilecap
L = 6,26 m
B Lebar Pilecap
B = 6,26 m

dimensi ekivalen Raft : L' x B '

L' = L+2 (1/2Lp)
L' = 29,264 m
B' = B +2(1/2Lp)
B' = 29,264 m
Luas Aeq = B' x L'
2
Luas Aeq = 856,3817 m
q = V/Luas Aeq
2
q = 0,33558 t/m
2
= 335,5797 kg/m
 18

Dq = Ip q
Distribusi tegangan padalapisan tanah dasar pondasi
Depth Dq
Z B'/Z L'/Z Ip 2
(m) (ton/m )
2 0
3 0,5 58,53 58,53 0,25 0,083895
4 1,5 19,51 19,51 0,25 0,083895
5 2,5 11,71 11,71 0,25 0,083895
6 3,5 8,36 8,36 0,25 0,083895
7 4,5 6,50 6,50 0,25 0,083895
8 5,5 5,32 5,32 0,25 0,083895
9 6,5 4,50 4,50 0,25 0,083895
10 7,5 3,90 3,90 0,25 0,083895
11 8,5 3,44 3,44 0,25 0,083895
12 9,5 3,08 3,08 0,25 0,083895
13 10,5 2,79 2,79 0,25 0,083895
14 11,5 2,54 2,54 0,25 0,083895
15 12,5 2,34 2,34 0,25 0,083895
16 13,5 2,17 2,17 0,25 0,083895
17 14,5 2,02 2,02 0,25 0,083895
18 15,5 1,89 1,89 0,25 0,083895
19 16,5 1,77 1,77 0,25 0,083895
20 17,5 1,67 1,67 0,25 0,083895
21 18,5 1,58 1,58 0,25 0,083895
22 19,5 1,50 1,50 0,25 0,083895
23 20,5 1,43 1,43 0,25 0,083895
24 21,5 1,36 1,36 0,25 0,083895

de =(( Cc dH)/(1+eo)) log (po +po')/po

Elevasi DH g Po p' de
Cc eo
(m) (m) (t/m3) (t/m2) (t/m2) (m)

16,0 1,0 1,357 1,228 3,12 21,71 0,08 0,0005

17,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 22,97 0,08 0,0005
18,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 24,22 0,08 0,0005
19,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 25,47 0,08 0,0004
20,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 26,73 0,08 0,0004
21,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 27,98 0,08 0,0004
22,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 29,24 0,08 0,0004
23,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 30,49 0,08 0,0004
24,0 1,0 1,254 1,702 4,50 31,74 0,08 0,0004
0,0038 m
0,3828 cm
 19

4.6 Perhitungan plat pondasi dan borepile

f'c = 19,575 Mpa

fy = 350 Mpa
f = 0,9
B = 6,26 m
S = 1,32 m
C = 0,50 m
deff = 0,725 m
LF = 1,1
momen arah- x :
ex = 0,869 m

Pc(vertikal) jarak Momen

no pile
(ton) m (Ton-m)
4 12,59 0,447 5,62
5 13,36 1,763 23,56
6 13,75 3,079 42,34
10 11,82 0,447 5,28
11 12,60 1,763 22,21
12 12,99 3,079 39,98
16 10,28 0,447 4,60
17 11,06 1,763 19,50
18 11,45 3,079 35,25
22 10,28 0,447 4,60
23 11,06 1,763 19,50
24 11,45 3,079 35,25
28 11,82 0,447 5,28
29 12,60 1,763 22,21
30 12,60 3,079 38,78
34 12,59 0,447 5,62
35 13,36 1,763 23,56
36 13,36 3,079 41,15
SM 394,29
 20

Momen arah-y :
ey = 0,54 m
Pc(vertikal) jarak Momen
no pile
(ton) m (Ton-m)
1 13,75 2,63 36,20
2 13,36 2,63 35,18
3 12,59 2,63 33,13
4 12,59 2,63 33,13
5 13,36 2,63 35,18
6 13,75 2,63 36,20
7 12,99 2,09 27,14
8 12,60 2,09 26,33
9 11,82 2,09 24,70
10 11,82 2,09 24,70
11 12,60 2,09 26,33
12 12,99 2,09 27,14
13 11,45 0,77 8,86
14 11,06 0,77 8,56
15 10,28 0,77 7,96
16 10,28 0,77 7,96
17 11,06 0,77 8,56
18 11,45 0,77 8,86
416,12

Mu = SM LF
Mu = 457,732 t-m
Mu = 4577,32 kN-m

Rn = Mu /( f Bd )
2

Rn = 1,54468933

r perlu = [ 1- ]

r perlu = 0,00463982
r min = 0,0018
b = 6264 mm
As = r b deff
As = 21071,28 mm2
dipakai tulangan ulir
D = 22 mm
jarak tulangan = 112,95 mm
ditentukan = 11 cm
jadi tulangan D22-11cm
 21

IV PERHITUNGAN CHIMNEY

Chimney dengan penampang persegi

Ditentukan Dimensi Chimney :

b = 500 mm
h = 500 mm
d = 425 mm
d' = 75 mm
d" = 175 mm
ds = 75 mm

f'c = 19,575 Mpa

fy = 350 Mpa
As = 1875 mm2
2
As' = 1875 mm
Es = 200000
dipakai D-tul = 22 mm
jumlah tul. = 9,87 bh
= 12 bh
As = As' = 4559,3 mm2

Fx = 37,493 KN
Fy = 20,976 KN
Fz = 397,936 KN
hf = 3,0 m
Mx = Fx hf
Mx = 112,5 KN-m
My = Fy hf
My = 62,9 KN-m
ex = Mx /Fz
ey = My/Fz
b1 = 0,8 ( untuk f'c = 35 Mpa )
 22

4.1 ditentukan Kapasitas Beban Pnx pada sumbu -x bekerja eksentrisitas :

a). Analisa keadaan seimbang

ey = 282,7 mm

Cb = d

= 268,4210526 mm
a = b 1 Cb
a = 214,7368421 mm

fs' = 600 ( )

= 432,3529 Mpa > 350 Mpa

Sehingga f's = fy = 350 Mpa

Gaya yang bekerja pada penampang kolom

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 1786476,316 N

T =As fy = 1595748 N
Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 625052,3438 N

Hitung Beban Pbx :

Pbx = Cc + Cs - T = 815780,6595 N
= 815,7806595 KN

b). Untuk ey = 282,7 mm < d= 425 mm , terjadi keruntuhan tekan

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 8319,38 a N

Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 1519887,3 N
( tulangan mengalami tekan luluh )

T = As fy = 1875 fs (fs < fy )

Pn = Cc + Cs -T = 8319,375 a + 1519887 - 1875 fs …...................................1)

Momen Terhadap As :
Pn e' - Cc( d-a/2) - Cs ( d-d') = 0

Pn = 1/e'( Cc ( d - a/2) - Cs( d-d'))

e' = e + d'' = 457,7 mm

 23

Pn = 0,002352941 ( 8319,38 a ( 425 - a ./ 2 ) + 547159420,8 …..........2)

2
Pn = 8319,375 a - 9,7875 a + 1.195.569,2 ….......................................3)

asumsi C = 330 mm > Cb = 268,4 mm

maka a = b 1 C = 264 mm
substitusi a kedalam persamaan …........3)

Pn2 = 2.709.734,6 N

hitung fs dari diagram regangan dengan C = 330 mm

fs = 172,7272727 Mpa

es et = fs/ Es = 0,00175

substitusi ke persamaan …..........1)

a = 264 mm
fs = 172,7272727 Mpa
Pn1 = 3392338,644 N
nilai Pn1 & Pn2 sama, maka

Pnx = 2.709,7 KN > Pbx = 815,7806595 kN OK

kontrol tulangan sudah dengan menggunakan diagram regangan

e's = 0,002318182 > ey = 0,00175

4.2 ditentukan Kapasitas Beban Pny pada sumbu -y bekerja eksentrisitas :

dalam hal ini :

b = 500 mm
h = 500 mm
d = 425 mm
d' = 75 mm
2
As = 4559,3 mm
2
A's = 4559,3 mm

a). Analisa keadaan seimbang

ey = 200,0 mm

Cb = d

= 268,4210526 mm
a = b 1 Cb
a = 214,7368421 mm

fs' = 600 ( )

= 432,3529 Mpa > 350 Mpa

Sehingga f's = fy = 350 Mpa
 24

Gaya yang bekerja pada penampang kolom

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 1786476,316 N

T =As fy = 1595748 N
Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 625052,3438 N

Hitung Beban Pbx :

Pby = Cc + Cs - T = 815780,6595 N
= 815,7806595 KN

b). Untuk ey = 158,1 mm < d= 425 mm , terjadi keruntuhan tekan

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 8319,38 a N

Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 625052,34 N
( tulangan mengalami tekan luluh )

T = As fy = 4559,28 fs (fs < fy )

Pn = Cc + Cs -T = 8319,375 a + 625052 - 1875 fs …...................................4)

Momen Terhadap As :
Pn e' - Cc( d-a/2) - Cs ( d-d') = 0

Pn = 1/e'( Cc ( d - a/2) - Cs( d-d'))

e' = e + d'' = 375 mm

Pn = 0,002298851 ( 8319,38 a ( 425 - a ./ 2 ) + 218768320,3 …..........5)

2
Pn = 8128,125 a - 9,5625 a + 502.915,7 …......................................6)

asumsi C = 206,51 mm > Cb = 268,4 mm

maka a = b 1 C = 165,208 mm
substitusi a kedalam persamaan …........3)

Pn1 = 1.584.751,1 N

hitung fs dari diagram regangan dengan Cb = 335 mm

fs = 373,3184834 Mpa

es et = fs/ Es = 0,00175

substitusi ke persamaan …..........4)

a = 165,208 mm
fs = 373,3184834 Mpa
Pn2 = 1299507,492 N
nilai Pn1 & Pn2 sama, maka

Pny = 1.584,8 KN > Pby = 815,7806595 kN OK

 25

kontrol tulangan sudah dengan menggunakan diagram regangan

e's = 0,001910464 > ey = 0,00175

4.3 Tentukan Nilai Po :

Po = 0,85 f'c Ag + Ast( fy -0,85f'c)
Ast = n tulangan x area tulangan
Ast = 3750 mm2
Ag = 250000 mm2
Po = 5409792,188 N
= 5409,792 kN

4.4 Hitung Pn dengan Persamaan Resiprocal Besler

1 1 1 1
= + - ……… (104)
𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑛𝑥 𝑃𝑛𝑦 𝑃𝑜

Dimana :
P n = beban tekan nominal kolom pada saat lentur dua arah terjadi
P nx = beban tekan nominal yang bekerja dengan eksentrisitas ey
dengan ex =0
P ny = beban tekan nominal yang bekerja dengan eksentrisitas ex
dengan ey =0
Po = beban tekan aksial murni dengan ex = ey = 0

Pnx = 2.709,7 kN
Pny = 1.584,8 kN
Po = 5409,792 kN

Pn = 1.226,687 kN > FZ = 397,936 kN OK

4.5. Perhitungan Sengkang

FZ= kN N
tebal selimut beton d' = 50 mm
heff = h-d' = 450 mm
Vcc = 0,17 b heff
= 159277,117 kN > Fz ( tidak perlu tulangan sengkang)

dipakai tulangan sengkang D10 -20 cm

 26

4.8 Perhitungan Penjangkaran Stub dan Tinggi Chimney

Formula mengacu pada standar ASCE

panjang stub Lst = 3500 mm ( planned ) embeded in the concrete

Stub size = EA90X90X9 mm
luas tampang = 17 cm 2 = 1700 mm 2
t= 20 mm ----> fy = 540 Mpa = 5400 kg/cm 2
Apstub (keliling) stub = 380 mm = 38 cm
kekuatan lekat tarik = 1,4600402 Mpa = 14,600 kg/cm 2

KONTROL UKURAN STUB :

As min = P/fy + V/0.75.fy
As = luas kotor atau luas bersih stub = 17 cm 2
P = beban tarik atau tekan pada stub = 14,15 ton
V = beban geser sejajar bidang penampang = 7,83 ton
fy = kekuatan leleh minimum stub = 5400 kg/cm 2
As min = 4,55 cm2 < 380,00 cm2
380,00 cm2
KONTROL PANJANG STUB :
As min = P / Bt
= 968,99 cm 2
L stub min = As min / Ap stub
L stub min = 25,499723 cm

Lst min = 255 mm < L stub = 3.500 mm

L stub = 3.500 mm ok

JUMLAH CLEAT :
Kapasitas geser siku (P) = 1,19. fc.b ( t+r+x/2) (ANSI-ASCE-10-90; 9.6.2)
P geser = 64,41 kips
P geser = Pshear* 4.448
P geser = 286,490 kN
fy = 58,02 ksi
fc = 2,84 ksi
r=t 10 mm = 0,39 inch
w = 130 mm =
b = 350 mm = 13,78 inch
x = 0.59*[ b/1.19.fc]^0.5 ≤ w - r - t
x = 1,19 inch
Fu = 141,48 kN
N cleat min = P / P shear = 0.5 x f'c / P shear
0,49 pcs
ditentukan jumlah Cleat = 4,00 pcs

CEK BOUT :
Jumlah Bout per Cleat =
P = 286,490 kN
n ( shear) = 0,123 pcs
n ( bearing) = 0,000 pcs
dipilih Bolt = 2 pcs per cleat
dipakai bolt= 2 @ M24 class 8.8

kontrol geser blok =

P= 0.60 Av*Fu + At*Fy
P= 373680 N
P= 373,68 kN > 286,49 kN Ok
Av = luas mimnimumbersih pada geser = 470 mm 2
Fu = kekuatan leleh minimum = 540 Mpa
At = luas penampang bersihpada tarikan = 410 mm 2
Fy = kekuatan leleh minimum = 540 Mpa
 27

Pondasi Tiang Berdasarkan Data BH2

Desain pondasi Tiang 20 kV
beban kerja = 250 daN
panjang = 12 m
beban total = 1,85 ton top
kabel MVTIC dia=190mm
mutu beton f'c = 42,0 Mpa

Beban Kerja = 1,85 ton

Berat pondasi = 2,88 ton
beban total,Qt = 4,73 ton

dipakai tiang pancang persegi

ukuran (0,25 x0,25) , panjang 5 m
daya dukung ijin tiang Pancang : 9,00 m
Qult = 10,70 ton
SF = 2,2603

tulangan 4D12
Sengkang D10-200

3,00 m

dia=350mm
(bottom )
 28

II. DESAIN PONDASI TOWER T2 BH3

I. Umum

Direncanakan Pondasi tower transmisi 70 kV

No Tower : Tower T 2 BH3
type Tower : BB4 +6
Conductor :
Earthwire :
Lokasi :
No Tower :

1.1 Standar Acuan

1. Peraturan Beton Bertulang PBI 71

2. Tata Cara Perhitungan Beton Untuk Pembangunan Gedung SNI-T-15-1991-03
3. Spesifikasi Tenik PLN
4. American Concrete Institute ( ACI-318)
5. American Society Civil Engineer ( ASCE)
6. Guide Line for Cone Penetration Test , Performance US Department of Transportation
7. SPLN.T5.008.1 :2019 , DESAIN PONDASI TOWER RANGKA BAJA UNTUK SALURAN
UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI DAN SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN EKSTRA TINGGI
BERDASARKAN HASIL SONDIR , Bag.1 : Kriteria Desain
1.2 Faktor Keamanan ( SF )

1 Daya Dukung
a. Pondasi dangkal = 3,00

b. Pondasi dalam
.-Dukung Ujung = 3,00
.- Gesek = 5,00

2 Stabilitas Geser = 1,50

3 Stabilitas Guling = 2,00
4 Uplift = 2,00
5 Setttlement = 2,50 cm

1.3 Spesifikasi Teknik

2
1 Beton K-225, f'c = 195,75 kg/cm
= 19,575 Mpa
2 kuat lekat beton,fl = 4,6171 kg/cm2
= 0,4617 Mpa
3 Tulangan BJTS35,fy = 3500 kg/cm2
= 350 Mpa
4 Tulangan BJTP24,fy = 2400 kg/cm2
= 240 Mpa
5 baja profil
.- high tensile,Fy = 3550 kg/cm2
= 355 Mpa
2
.-Mild Steel , Fy = 2350 kg/cm
= 235 Mpa
6 Bolt M24 class8.8
.- Fgeser = 3600 kg/cm2
= 360 Mpa
2
.- F tarik = 8000 kg/cm
= 800 Mpa
7 Berat Volume
Material
3
a. BeratTanah ,gs = 1600 kg/m
3
b. Berat pasir, gp = 1950 kg/m
3
c. Berat Beton = 2400 kg/m
Bertulang
3
d. Berat Lantai Kerja = 1200 kg/m
 29

1.5 Beban Reaksi Untuk Desain Pondasi TOWER BB4 +6

SAFETY FACTOR = 1,1 (BWC)

Load Case Node Fx ( kN ) Fy ( kN ) Fz ( kN ) Mx My Mz

1050 1531 -5,321 -14,894 -58,074 -0,016 -0,101 0,009
1535 -28,845 -44,112 397,936 -0,221 0,276 -0,001
1539 18,112 -6,098 135,687 -0,101 -0,063 0,003
1543 -37,493 -20,976 -319,925 -0,258 -0,19 0,012
resultant -53,547 -86,08 155,624 2635,725 1515,347 -185,101

Load Case Node Fx ( kN ) Fy ( kN ) Fz ( kN ) Mx My Mz

1050 1531 -4,8372727 -13,54 -52,79454545 -0,014545455 -0,0918182 0,00818182
1535 -26,222727 -40,101818 361,76 -0,200909091 0,25090909 -0,00090909
1539 16,465455 -5,5436364 123,3518182 -0,091818182 -0,0572727 0,00272727
1543 -34,084545 -19,069091 -290,8409091 -0,234545455 -0,1727273 0,01090909
resultant 44,253719 78,2545455 141,4763636 2396,113636 1377,58818 -168,273636

2.2 Berdasarkan data N-SPT

Berdasarkan Meyerhof(1957) :

Qiult = 40 N b Ab + 0.2 N av As
dimana :
Nb : nilai SPT pada elevasi dasar tiang
Nave : nilai SPT rata-rata
As : Luas selimut tiang ( m2)
Ab : Luas penampang tiang ( m2)

d= 0,25 m

Db Qult
Nb Nave 40 Nb Ab 0.2 Nav As
(m) (ton) (ton) (ton)

2 1 1 2,50 0,40 2,90

4 1 1 2,50 0,80 3,30
6 2 2 5,00 1,60 6,60
8 3 3 7,50 2,80 10,30
10 4 4 10,00 4,40 14,40
12 4 4 10,00 6,00 16,00
14 5 5 12,50 8,00 20,50
16 6 6 15,00 10,40 25,40
18 6 6 15,00 12,80 27,80
20 9 9 22,50 16,40 38,90
22 11 11 27,50 20,80 48,30
24 13 13 32,50 26,00 58,50

daya dukung ditentukan :

40 Nb Ab = 32,50 ton
0.2 Nav As = 26,00 ton
Qult = 58,50 ton
Qal = Qb + Qs
SF1 ( kompress)= 3,00
SF2( friksi ) = 5,00
Qball = 40 Nb Ab /SF1 = 10,83 ton
Qs all = 0,2 Nav As /SF2 = 6,50 ton
Qall = 17,33 ton
 30

2.3 Perhitungan Jumlah Pile

Qall = 17,33 ton ( daya dukung ijin Borepile)

Fz = 14,148 ton
Fx = 4,425 ton
Fy = 7,825 ton
Mx = 239,611 ton-m
My = 137,759 ton-m
Mz = 16,827 ton-m
Dimensi Pile = 0,25 m
npile = Fc/Qall
npile = 0,81620979
dipakai = 36
XT = 5,264 m Back to back
S = 1,316 m
x1=y1 = 1.5 diameter pile
x1 & y1 = 0,50 m
dimensi pile Cap:
B = S + 2 x1
B = 6,26 m ( dimensi pile cap )
L = S+ 2 x1
L = 6,26 m ( dimensi pile cap )
C = 0,50 m ( dimensi Chimney )
d = 0,80 m ( tebal Pilecap )
Wf = 210,46 ton ( Berat Pondasi termasuk borepile )
Ws = 62,78 ton ( Berat tanah urug)
hf = 2,30 m
Nc = Fc + Wf +Ws
Nc = 287,38 ton
Mcx = Xc (hf) Nc Mcy' .x Mcx' .y
Mcx = 10,178 ton-m (Pc )ver = + +
n å x2 å y 2
MXt= Mx + Mcx = 249,790 ton-m
ex = 0,869 m
Mcy = Yc (hf)
Mcy = 17,999 ton-m
Myt =My + Mcy = 155,757 ton-m
ey = 0,542 m
 31

2 2
no. X-Coord Y-Coord X Y (Pc)vert Qall
Pile m m m2 m2 (ton) (ton)

1 3,501 3,174 12,258 10,074 13,75 14,73 OK

2 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 14,73 OK
3 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 14,73 OK
4 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 14,73 OK
5 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 14,73 OK
6 3,501 3,174 12,258 10,074 13,75 14,73 OK
7 3,501 2,516 12,258 6,330 12,99 14,73 OK
8 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 14,73 OK
9 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 14,73 OK
10 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 14,73 OK
11 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 14,73 OK
12 3,501 2,516 12,258 6,330 12,99 14,73 OK
13 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 14,73 OK
14 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 14,73 OK
15 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 14,73 OK
16 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 14,73 OK
17 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 14,73 OK
18 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 14,73 OK
19 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 14,73 OK
20 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 14,73 OK
21 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 14,73 OK
22 1,527 1,200 2,332 1,440 10,28 14,73 OK
23 2,843 1,200 8,084 1,440 11,06 14,73 OK
24 3,501 1,200 12,258 1,440 11,45 14,73 OK
25 3,501 2,516 12,258 6,330 12,99 14,73 OK
26 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 14,73 OK
27 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 14,73 OK
28 1,527 2,516 2,332 6,330 11,82 14,73 OK
29 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 14,73 OK
30 2,843 2,516 8,084 6,330 12,60 14,73 OK
31 3,501 3,174 12,258 10,074 13,75 14,73 OK
32 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 14,73 OK
33 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 14,73 OK
34 1,527 3,174 2,332 10,074 12,59 14,73 OK
35 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 14,73 OK
36 2,843 3,174 8,084 10,074 13,36 14,73 OK
263,742 214,132 438,84

efisiensi kelompok tiang metoda : Converse Labare

Eg

D = 0,25 m
S = 1,32 m
m = 5,00
n = 5,00
D/s = 0,19
a = 10,76 deg
Eg = 0,85
 32

2.4 Geser Satu Arah ( one Way Shear )

arah -x arah -y
no pile SPc( vertikal ) no pile SPc( vertikal )
(ton) (ton)
4 12,59 19 11,45
5 13,36 20 11,06
6 13,75 21 10,28
10 11,82 22 10,28
11 12,60 23 11,06
12 12,99 24 11,45
16 10,28 25 12,99
17 11,06 26 12,60
18 11,45 27 11,82
22 10,28 28 11,82
23 11,06 29 12,60
24 11,45 30 12,60
28 11,82 31 13,75
29 12,60 32 13,36
30 12,60 33 12,59
34 12,59 34 12,59
35 13,36 35 13,36
36 13,36 36 13,36
219,03 219,03

Vu1 = S(Pc )vert LF

Vu1 = 219,03 ton
= 2190,31 kN
LF = 1,1
B = 6264 mm
L = 6264 mm
d = 800 mm
C = 500 mm
 33

deff=d-75
deff = 725 mm
f = 0,85
l = 1
Bo = 5200 mm

Vc1= f(0.17 l Bo d )

Vc1 = 2659573,905 N
= 2659,573905 kN

maka fVn = 2260,6 kN> Vu2= 2190,31 kN OK

2.5 Geser dua Arah ( Two Way Shear )

Vu2 =Fz LF
Vu2 = 155,62 kN
B' = 3132,00 mm
L' = 3132,00 mm
d = 800 mm
C = 725 mm
deff = 700 mm
bc = 1
l = 1
as = 40
f = 0,85
Vu2 = 155,62 kN
bo = 4 ( C+d)
bo = 6100 mm

Vc1=0.17 ( 1+ l bo deff

Vc1 = 9634938,269 N
= 9634,938269 kN
 34

Vc2 = 0.083 ( +2) l bo deff

Vc2 = 11361856,17 N
= 11361,85617 kN
Vc3 =0.33 l bo deff
Vc3 = 6234371,821 N
= 6234,371821 kN
Vc4 =1/6 l bo deff
Vc4 = 3148672,637 N
= 3148,672637 kN

maka fVn = 3148,672637 kN> Vu2= 155,62 kN OK

2.6 Geser Dua Arah Pada pancang

dimensi pile = 250 mm

d = 800 mm
S = 1316 mm
x1 = 500 mm
Y1 = 500 mm
Vu= Pc( vert) LF
= = 138,57 kN
area efektif bo = 4(x1+S/2+deff/2)
area efektif (bo) = 6.232 mm2
 35

Vc1=0.17 ( 1+ l bo d

Vc1 = 11.249.636,59 N
= 11.249,64 kN

Vc2 = 0.083 ( +2) l bo d

Vc2 = 120.834.331,83 N
= = 120.834,33 kN
Vc3 =0.33 l bo d

Vc3 = 7.279.176,62 N
= = 7.279,2 kN
Vc4 =1/6 l bo d
Vc4 = 3.676.352 N
= 3.676 kN
maka fVn = 3.124,90 kN>Vu = 138,57 kN

2.7 Kontrol Stabilitas Pondasi

2.7.1. Daya Dukung Lateral

Hx = Fx
Hx = 4,425 ton
Hy =Fy
Hy= 7,825 ton
H result =
H result = 8,9901 ton
Digunakan metoda Brom :

2.7.2 menentukan tipe tiang pada tanah non kohesif

R=

dimana : E- modulus elastisitas tiang ( kN/m 2) Begeman , kohesion undrained (Cu )

4
I - Momen inersia Tiang ( m )

2
diameter tiang = 0,25 m Cu = 0,1663 kg/cm
E = 280034819,3 kN/m2 == 16,63 kN/m
2

I = 0,00019165 m4
hh = 166 kN/m3 berdasarkan Reese etal hh =
3
R = 3,176 m hh = 0,166 MN/m
3
Lp = 24,00 m>2R = 166 kN/m
 36

L/B = 96,00
d = 0,25 m
2
Hu/Cu B = 60
Hu = 9787843267,20 N
H = 9787843,27 kN

Mmax = 4.5 Cu d ( Lp2-2.25 d2)

Mmax = 1,07762E+13 kN-m

defleksi Tiang panjang terjepit :

ƞ=

h = 0,314830841
ƞL = 30,2237607 <4

Yo =

Yo = 2,67626E-22 m
= 2,67626E-19 mm

2.7.3 Daya dukung tarik aksial tiang tunggal

tahanan gesek tiang tunggal pada tanah kohesif rumus DAS and Seeley

Tsf = L p a ' Cu

Fz/n = 7,98 ton ( UPLIFT)

Cu = 1663,00 kg/cm2
= 166300,00 kpa
L = 2400 cm ( kedalaman pile)
p = 100 cm
a' = 0,4
Tsf = 159.648.000,00 kg >Qu = 7982,898 kg OK
SF = 19.998.752,45

2.7.4. Daya dukung aksial Tiang kelompok pada tanah kohesif

 37

Qult = 2 D ( B+ L ) Cur + 1.3 Cub S Nc B L

Dimana :
Cur = kohesi tanah rata rata sepanjang L
Cub = kohesi tanah pada kedalaman L
S = faktor bentuk pondasi blok sesuai gambar -15
Nc = faktor daya dukung pondasi blok sesuai gambar -16

D = 24,00 m kedalaman pile

L = 6,26 m jarak antara pile
B = 6,26 m jarak antara pile
Cur =Cub = 16,63 kN/m2
D/B = 3,83
Nc = 9,70 bearing capacity faktor
dia pile = 0,25 m
Lp = 24,00 m
Lp/dia pile = 96,00
S = 1,70 faktor bentuk
Qult = 23964,26 KN
== 239,64 ton< Fz = 56,59 ton OK
SF = 4,235
 38

2.5.5 Daya dukung aksial Tarik Tiang kelompok pada tanah kohesif

Qu = ( 2LH + BH ) C u + W’

Dimana :
Qu = daya dukung aksial ultimit
L = Panjang kelompok tiang
H = Panjang tiang
B = ebar kelompok tiang
Cu = kohesi tanah tidak terdrainase
W' = Berat tiang dan pilecap

L = 6,26 m
B = 6,26 m
H = 25,00 m
Cu = 6,26 kN/m2
W' = 3,60 kN
Qu = 2946,43 kN
== 294,64 ton> FZ = 56,591 ton OK
SF = 5,21
 39

III Perhitungan Penurunan Pondasi

kedalaman pilecap hf = 1,00 m

Lp = 23,00 m ( panjang Pile)
V = 287,38 ton
L panjang pilecap
L = 6,26 m
B Lebar Pilecap
B = 6,26 m

dimensi ekivalen Raft : L' x B '

L' = L+2 (1/2Lp)
L' = 29,264 m
B' = B +2(1/2Lp)
B' = 29,264 m
Luas Aeq = B' x L'
2
Luas Aeq = 856,3817 m
q = V/Luas Aeq
2
q = 0,33558 t/m
2
= 335,5797 kg/m
 40

Dq = Ip q
Distribusi tegangan padalapisan tanah dasar pondasi
Depth Dq
Z B'/Z L'/Z Ip 2
(m) (ton/m )
2 0
3 0,5 58,53 58,53 0,25 0,083895
4 1,5 19,51 19,51 0,25 0,083895
5 2,5 11,71 11,71 0,25 0,083895
6 3,5 8,36 8,36 0,25 0,083895
7 4,5 6,50 6,50 0,25 0,083895
8 5,5 5,32 5,32 0,25 0,083895
9 6,5 4,50 4,50 0,25 0,083895
10 7,5 3,90 3,90 0,25 0,083895
11 8,5 3,44 3,44 0,25 0,083895
12 9,5 3,08 3,08 0,25 0,083895
13 10,5 2,79 2,79 0,25 0,083895
14 11,5 2,54 2,54 0,25 0,083895
15 12,5 2,34 2,34 0,25 0,083895
16 13,5 2,17 2,17 0,25 0,083895
17 14,5 2,02 2,02 0,25 0,083895
18 15,5 1,89 1,89 0,25 0,083895
19 16,5 1,77 1,77 0,25 0,083895
20 17,5 1,67 1,67 0,25 0,083895
21 18,5 1,58 1,58 0,25 0,083895
22 19,5 1,50 1,50 0,25 0,083895
23 20,5 1,43 1,43 0,25 0,083895
24 21,5 1,36 1,36 0,25 0,083895

de =(( Cc dH)/(1+eo)) log (po +po')/po

Elevasi DH g Po p' De
Cc eo
(m) (m) (t/m3) (t/m2) (t/m2) (m)

16,0 1,0 1,357 1,301 3,67 21,71 0,08 0,0005

17,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 22,95 0,08 0,0005
18,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 24,18 0,08 0,0005
19,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 25,41 0,08 0,0005
20,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 26,65 0,08 0,0005
21,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 27,88 0,08 0,0004
22,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 29,12 0,08 0,0004
23,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 30,35 0,08 0,0004
24,0 1,0 1,234 1,714 4,11 31,58 0,08 0,0004
0,0041 m
0,4086 m
 41

4.6 Perhitungan plat pondasi dan borepile

f'c = 19,575 Mpa

fy = 350 Mpa
f = 0,9
B = 6,26 m
S = 1,32 m
C = 0,50 m
deff = 0,725 m
LF = 1,1
momen arah- x :
ex = 0,869 m

Pc(vertikal) jarak Momen

no pile
(ton) m (Ton-m)
4 12,59 0,447 5,62
5 13,36 1,763 23,56
6 13,75 3,079 42,34
10 11,82 0,447 5,28
11 12,60 1,763 22,21
12 12,99 3,079 39,98
16 10,28 0,447 4,60
17 11,06 1,763 19,50
18 11,45 3,079 35,25
22 10,28 0,447 4,60
23 11,06 1,763 19,50
24 11,45 3,079 35,25
28 11,82 0,447 5,28
29 12,60 1,763 22,21
30 12,60 3,079 38,78
34 12,59 0,447 5,62
35 13,36 1,763 23,56
36 13,36 3,079 41,15
SM 394,29
 42

Momen arah-y :
ey = 0,54 m
Pc(vertikal) jarak Momen
no pile
(ton) m (Ton-m)
1 13,75 2,63 36,20
2 13,36 2,63 35,18
3 12,59 2,63 33,13
4 12,59 2,63 33,13
5 13,36 2,63 35,18
6 13,75 2,63 36,20
7 12,99 2,09 27,14
8 12,60 2,09 26,33
9 11,82 2,09 24,70
10 11,82 2,09 24,70
11 12,60 2,09 26,33
12 12,99 2,09 27,14
13 11,45 0,77 8,86
14 11,06 0,77 8,56
15 10,28 0,77 7,96
16 10,28 0,77 7,96
17 11,06 0,77 8,56
18 11,45 0,77 8,86
416,12

Mu = SM LF
Mu = 457,732 t-m
Mu = 4577,32 kN-m

Rn = Mu /( f Bd2)
Rn = 1,54468933

r perlu = [ 1- ]

r perlu = 0,00463982
r min = 0,0018
b = 6264 mm
As = r b deff
2
As = 21071,28 mm
dipakai tulangan ulir
D = 22 mm
jarak tulangan = 112,95 mm
ditentukan = 11 cm
jadi tulangan D22-11cm
 43

IV PERHITUNGAN CHIMNEY

Chimney dengan penampang persegi

Ditentukan Dimensi Chimney :

b = 500 mm
h = 500 mm
d = 425 mm
d' = 75 mm
d" = 175 mm
ds = 75 mm

f'c = 19,575 Mpa

fy = 350 Mpa
2
As = 1875 mm
2
As' = 1875 mm
Es = 200000
dipakai D-tul = 22 mm
jumlah tul. = 9,87 bh
= 12 bh
As = As' = 4559,3 mm2

Fx = 37,493 KN
Fy = 20,976 KN
Fz = 397,936 KN
hf = 3,0 m
Mx = Fx hf
Mx = 112,5 KN-m
My = Fy hf
My = 62,9 KN-m
ex = Mx /Fz
ey = My/Fz
b1 = 0,8 ( untuk f'c = 35 Mpa )
 44

4.1 ditentukan Kapasitas Beban Pnx pada sumbu -x bekerja eksentrisitas :

a). Analisa keadaan seimbang

ey = 282,7 mm

Cb = d

= 268,4210526 mm
a = b 1 Cb
a = 214,7368421 mm

fs' = 600 ( )

= 432,3529 Mpa > 350 Mpa

Sehingga f's = fy = 350 Mpa

Gaya yang bekerja pada penampang kolom

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 1786476,316 N

T =As fy = 1595748 N
Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 625052,3438 N

Hitung Beban Pbx :

Pbx = Cc + Cs - T = 815780,6595 N
= 815,7806595 KN

b). Untuk ey = 282,7 mm < d= 425 mm , terjadi keruntuhan tekan

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 8319,38 a N

Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 1519887,3 N
( tulangan mengalami tekan luluh )

T = As fy = 1875 fs (fs < fy )

Pn = Cc + Cs -T = 8319,375 a + 1519887 - 1875 fs …...................................1)

Momen Terhadap As :
Pn e' - Cc( d-a/2) - Cs ( d-d') = 0

Pn = 1/e'( Cc ( d - a/2) - Cs( d-d'))

e' = e + d'' = 457,7 mm

 45

Pn = 0,002352941 ( 8319,38 a ( 425 - a ./ 2 ) + 547159420,8 …..........2)

2
Pn = 8319,375 a - 9,7875 a + 1.195.569,2 ….......................................3)

asumsi C = 330 mm > Cb = 268,4 mm

maka a = b 1 C = 264 mm
substitusi a kedalam persamaan …........3)

Pn2 = 2.709.734,6 N

hitung fs dari diagram regangan dengan C = 330 mm

fs = 172,7272727 Mpa

es et = fs/ Es = 0,00175

substitusi ke persamaan …..........1)

a = 264 mm
fs = 172,7272727 Mpa
Pn1 = 3392338,644 N
nilai Pn1 & Pn2 sama, maka

Pnx = 2.709,7 KN > Pbx = 815,7806595 kN OK

kontrol tulangan sudah dengan menggunakan diagram regangan

e's = 0,002318182 > ey = 0,00175

4.2 ditentukan Kapasitas Beban Pny pada sumbu -y bekerja eksentrisitas :

dalam hal ini :

b = 500 mm
h = 500 mm
d = 425 mm
d' = 75 mm
2
As = 4559,3 mm
2
A's = 4559,3 mm

a). Analisa keadaan seimbang

ey = 200,0 mm

Cb = d

= 268,4210526 mm
a = b 1 Cb
a = 214,7368421 mm
 46

fs' = 600 ( )

= 432,3529 Mpa > 350 Mpa

Sehingga f's = fy = 350 Mpa

Gaya yang bekerja pada penampang kolom

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 1786476,316 N

T =As fy = 1595748 N
Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 625052,3438 N

Hitung Beban Pbx :

Pby = Cc + Cs - T = 815780,6595 N
= 815,7806595 KN

b). Untuk ey = 158,1 mm < d= 425 mm , terjadi keruntuhan tekan

Cc = 0,85 f'c a b = 8319,38 a N

Cs =A's(fs' -0,85 f'c) = 625052,34 N
( tulangan mengalami tekan luluh )

T = As fy = 4559,28 fs (fs < fy )

Pn = Cc + Cs -T = 8319,375 a + 625052 - 1875 fs …...................................4)

Momen Terhadap As :
Pn e' - Cc( d-a/2) - Cs ( d-d') = 0

Pn = 1/e'( Cc ( d - a/2) - Cs( d-d'))

e' = e + d'' = 375 mm

Pn = 0,002298851 ( 8319,38 a ( 425 - a ./ 2 ) + 218768320,3 …..........5)

2
Pn = 8128,125 a - 9,5625 a + 502.915,7 …......................................6)

asumsi C = 206,51 mm > Cb = 268,4 mm

maka a = b 1 C = 165,208 mm
substitusi a kedalam persamaan …........3)

Pn1 = 1.584.751,1 N

hitung fs dari diagram regangan dengan Cb = 335 mm

fs = 373,3184834 Mpa

es et = fs/ Es = 0,00175
 47

substitusi ke persamaan …..........4)

a = 165,208 mm
fs = 373,3184834 Mpa
Pn2 = 1299507,492 N
nilai Pn1 & Pn2 sama, maka

Pny = 1.584,8 KN > Pby = 815,7806595 kN OK

kontrol tulangan sudah dengan menggunakan diagram regangan

e's = 0,001910464 > ey = 0,00175

4.3 Tentukan Nilai Po :

Po = 0,85 f'c Ag + Ast( fy -0,85f'c)
Ast = n tulangan x area tulangan
2
Ast = 3750 mm
Ag = 250000 mm2
Po = 5409792,188 N
= 5409,792 kN

4.4 Hitung Pn dengan Persamaan Resiprocal Besler

1 1 1 1
= + - ……… (104)
𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑛𝑥 𝑃𝑛𝑦 𝑃𝑜

Dimana :
P n = beban tekan nominal kolom pada saat lentur dua arah terjadi
P nx = beban tekan nominal yang bekerja dengan eksentrisitas ey
dengan ex =0
P ny = beban tekan nominal yang bekerja dengan eksentrisitas ex
dengan ey =0
Po = beban tekan aksial murni dengan ex = ey = 0

Pnx = 2.709,7 kN
Pny = 1.584,8 kN
Po = 5409,792 kN

Pn = 1.226,687 kN > FZ = 397,936 kN OK

4.5. Perhitungan Sengkang

FZ= kN N
tebal selimut beton d' = 50 mm
heff = h-d' = 450 mm
Vcc = 0,17 b heff
= 159277,117 kN > Fz ( tidak perlu tulangan sengkang)

dipakai tulangan sengkang D10 -20 cm

 48

4.8 Perhitungan Penjangkaran Stub dan Tinggi Chimney

Formula mengacu pada standar ASCE

panjang stub Lst = 3500 mm ( planned ) embeded in the concrete

Stub size = EA90X90X9 mm
luas tampang = 17 cm 2 = 1700 mm 2
t= 20 mm ----> fy = 540 Mpa = 5400 kg/cm 2
Apstub (keliling) stub = 380 mm = 38 cm
kekuatan lekat tarik = 1,4600402 Mpa = 14,600 kg/cm 2

KONTROL UKURAN STUB :

As min = P/fy + V/0.75.fy
As = luas kotor atau luas bersih stub = 17 cm 2
P = beban tarik atau tekan pada stub = 14,15 ton
V = beban geser sejajar bidang penampang = 7,83 ton
fy = kekuatan leleh minimum stub = 5400 kg/cm 2
As min = 4,55 cm2 < 380,00 cm2
380,00 cm2
KONTROL PANJANG STUB :
As min = P / Bt
= 968,99 cm 2
L stub min = As min / Ap stub
L stub min = 25,499723 cm

Lst min = 255 mm < L stub = 3.500 mm

L stub = 3.500 mm ok

JUMLAH CLEAT :
Kapasitas geser siku (P) = 1,19. fc.b ( t+r+x/2) (ANSI-ASCE-10-90; 9.6.2)
P geser = 64,41 kips
P geser = Pshear* 4.448
P geser = 286,490 kN
fy = 58,02 ksi
fc = 2,84 ksi
r=t 10 mm = 0,39 inch
w = 130 mm =
b = 350 mm = 13,78 inch
x = 0.59*[ b/1.19.fc]^0.5 ≤ w - r - t
x = 1,19 inch
Fu = 141,48 kN
N cleat min = P / P shear = 0.5 x f'c / P shear
0,49 pcs
ditentukan jumlah Cleat = 4,00 pcs

CEK BOUT :
Jumlah Bout per Cleat =
P = 286,490 kN
n ( shear) = 0,123 pcs
n ( bearing) = 0,000 pcs
dipilih Bolt = 2 pcs per cleat
dipakai bolt= 2 @ M24 class 8.8

kontrol geser blok =

P= 0.60 Av*Fu + At*Fy
P= 373680 N
P= 373,68 kN > 286,49 kN Ok
Av = luas mimnimumbersih pada geser = 470 mm 2
Fu = kekuatan leleh minimum = 540 Mpa
At = luas penampang bersihpada tarikan = 410 mm 2
Fy = kekuatan leleh minimum = 540 Mpa
 49

Pondasi Tiang Berdasarkan Data BH3

Desain pondasi Tiang 20 kV
beban kerja = 250 daN
panjang = 12 m
beban total = 1,85 ton
kabel MVTIC
mutu beton f'c = 42,0 Mpa

Beban Kerja = 1,85 ton

Berat pondasi = 3,24 ton
beban total,Qt = 5,09 t o n

dipakai tiang pancang persegi ukuran (0,20 x0,20) , 4 buah panjang 9 m daya dukung ijin tiang Pancang :
Qult = 10,30 ton SF = 2,1758

Tul.d.13 -14 cm

REKOMENDASI :
Dari hasil perhitungan Calculation Note berdasarkan :
1.Hasil Soil Investigation
2.Type Tower SUTT 70 kV type BB1+6
3.Type Tiang Beton SUTM 12 ‘
4.Jenis konduktor yang dipakai acsr 240 mm2

Disimpulkan pekerjaan pemasangan Tower SUTT 70 KV type BB1+6 dan Tiang beton SUTM 12 m’ pada
Sistem Kelistrikan Di Nusakambangan & kampung Laut Melalui Desa Ujungalang dapat dilaksanakan ,dengan
mengacu pada Gambar Desain yang telah disesuaikan dengan Perhitungan Calculation Note .(Gambar Desain
Terlampir)