FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

UITM KAMPUS PUNCAK ALAM

DEGREE IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
(HS2454C)

UPH654: KNOW YOUR MEDICINE

CASE STUDY

NAME WAN NURAFIFAH BINTI WAN MOHAMMAD NADZIM

STUDENT ID 2020859882
Case study (20%)

Instruction for students:

1. You are required to gather information about ONE MEDICINE that your
family/friend/acquaintance is taking.

2. Write a short description of the subject which include:

● Name of the subject (Can write initial form ie: Mr IS)

● Age

● Weight/Height

● Past & current medication list

● Social history

● Past & current medical condition

3. The information about the medicine include:

1. Generic name of medicine

2. Brand name of medicine

3. Specific indication of the medicine

4. Strength of the medicine

5. Dose of the medicine

6. Instruction on how to take medicine

7. Formulation of the medicine

8. Route of administration

9. Registration number

10. Medicine storage

 11. Contraindications

12. Adverse reactions

13. Use in pregnancy and lactation

14. Shape of medicine

15. Colour of medicine

16. Photo of the medicine

4. Organize the information in the form of report (paragraph) or in a table

5. Include all references that you use

NAME MRS. M
AGE 77 YEARS OLD
WEIGHT 54KG
HEIGHT 147CM
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) 24.99kg/m2
PAST AND CURRENT  Diabetes mellitus
MEDICAL CONDITION  Hypertension
 Cholesterol
 Cataract (past)
PAST AND CURRENT  Metformin 500mg
MEDICATION LIST  Atenolol 100mg
 Felodipine 5mg
 Frusemide 40mg
 Simvastatin 40mg
 Insulin recombinant synthetic human (Intermediate
acting) 100ml
 Insulin recombinant neutral human (Short acting)
100ml
SOCIAL HISTORY Active for before and after onset. She goes meeting her
friends and neighbor except when she is too tired then she’ll
just stay at home
METFORMIN
1) Generic name of medicine Metformin HCL
2) Brand name of medicine
3) Specific indication of the
medicine
4) Strength of the medicine
5) Dose of the medicine
CCM Metformin
Type II diabetes mellitus
 It is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to
improve glycemic control in adult and children with
type 2 diabetes mellitus
 Metformin decreases blood glucose levels by
decreasing hepatic glucose production
(gluconeogenesis), decreasing the intestinal
absorption of glucose, and increasing insulin
sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake
and utilization
 It is used for treating type II diabetes mellitus that
has antihyperglycemic effects which lowers both
basal and postprandial plasma glucose.
500mg
Adults:
1. Monotherapy and combination with other oral
antidiabetic agents
 One tablet (2-3 times daily) during or after meals.
The dose should be adjusted after 10-15 days
according to the basis of blood glucose
measurement.
 The maximum recommended dose is 3g daily
consumed in 3 divided doses.
2. Combination with insulin
 Start with one tablet (2-3 times daily) while insulin
dosage is adjusted according to the basis of blood
glucose measurement.

6) Instruction on how to take
medicine
7) Formulation of the
medicine
8) Route of administration
9) Registration number
10) Medicine storage
Children:
1. Monotherapy and combination with insulin
 One tablet (500mg-850mg) once daily, given
during or after meal. The dose should be adjusted
after 10-15 days according to the basis of blood
glucose measurement.
 Maximum recommended dose is 2g daily, taken 2
or 3 divided doses.
 Administration with or after food
 Swallow the tablet as a whole. Do not break,
crush, or chew before swallowing
Solid: 500mg (hydrochloride)
Formulation of making tablets:
 Lactose of fillers
 Cellulose as disintegrants
 Acacia as a binders
Oral
MAL19870410AZ
 Store at 25°
 Keep medicine out of children
 Stored in a tight, light-resistant containers with
child-resistant closure
11) Contraindications  Hypersensitivity to metformin hydrochloride tablet
 Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis including
diabetic ketoacidosis with or without coma
 Renal failure or renal dysfunction
o This medication should be avoided in
those who with severely renal function
(creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min)
 Acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue
hypoxia such as cardiac or respiratory failure,
myocardial infarction, shock
 Hepatic insufficiency, acute alcohol intoxication,
alcoholism

12) Adverse reactions  Lactic acidosis

o Had a subtle onset that is accompanied by
nonspecific symptoms such as malaise,
myalgias, abdominal pain, respiratory
distress, or increased somnolence
 Hypoglycemic
o Caution due to the risk of metformin used
in combination concurrently with insulin or
other oral antidiabetics
 Vitamin B12 deficiency
 Diarrhea
 Nausea/vomiting
 Abdominal discomfort
 Headache
 Indigestion
 Flatulence
 Asthenia
13) Use in pregnancy and  Use of metformin in pregnancy is acceptable but
lactation does not recommended as it can harm the unborn
baby.
 It can be associated with congenital abnormalities
and perinatal mortality
 Usage of metformin during lactation is not
recommended as the medicine can be distributed
into breast milk
 It should be used with caution while nursing
newborn and premature infants

14) Shape of medicine Round and convex (Tablets)

15) Colour of medicine White

16) Photo of the medicine

REFERENCES

Dunn, C., & Peters, D. (1995). Metformin. Drugs, 49(5), 721-749.

https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007

Metformin: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action. Drugbank Online. Go.drugbank.com

Retrieved from: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00331.

P. Chunha, J. (2018). Metformin: Side Effects, Dosages, Treatment, Interactions, Warnings.

RxList. Retrieved from: https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_metformin/drugs-condition.htm.

Kumar, S. (2021). Ccm Metformin generic. Price of ccm metformin. Uses, Dosage, Side Effects.
Ndrugs. Retrieved from: https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=ccm%20metformin

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary

For CID 4091, Metformin. Retrieved from:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compund/Metformin

Npra.gov.my. (2013). Retrieved from:

https://npra.gov.my/images/reg-and-noti/PI/scheduled-poison/METFORMIN_TABLET
.pdf

Bookya, P., Raparla, R., Raparla, R., Sriramula, H., Raparla, R., & Tarrigopula, S. et al.
(2018). Formulation and evaluation of metformin hydrochloride sustained-released oral
matrix tablets. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(3), (342).
Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.21211

Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets, USP. Dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. (2021). Retrieved from:

https://dailymead.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=da99b8c4-f85e-409f
-93a8-0e4758d74552.