PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSES

The skin has four separate senses: pain, pressure, cold, and warmth

Muscles - You have more than 600 muscles in your body. Some muscles help you move, lift or sit still.
Others help you digest food, breathe or see. Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood through your body.
Skeletal, Smooth, cardiac muscle

Tendons - A tendon is a cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope that mostly made out of collagen.
Tendons connect your muscles to your bones. Tendons let us move our limbs. Tendons, ligaments - bone
to bone, and fascia muscle to muscle

Joint lining - The synovial membrane (sometimes referred to as the synovium) is the inner lining of the
joint. This inner lining secretes synovial fluid to cushion the joints during movement.

Synarthroses (immovable). These are fixed or fibrous joints. They’re defined as two or more bones in
close contact that have no movement.

Amphiarthroses (slightly movable). Also known as cartilaginous joints, these joints are defined as two or
more bones held so tightly together that only limited movement can take place.

Diarthroses (freely movable). Also known as synovial joints, these joints have synovial fluid enabling all
parts of the joint to smoothly move against each other.

Vestibular senses The vestibular sense contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture.
the major sensory organs (utricle, saccule, and the three semicircular canals – Horizontal, posterior,
superior canal) of this system are located next to the cochlea in the inner ear. The vestibular organs are
fluid-filled and have hair cells, similar to the ones found in the auditory system, which respond to
movement of the head and gravitational forces. When these hair cells are stimulated, they send signals
to the brain via the vestibular nerve. Although we may not be consciously aware of our vestibular
system’s sensory information under normal circumstances, its importance is apparent when we
experience motion sickness and/or dizziness related to infections of the inner ear
The semicircular canals are three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you keep your balance.
When your head moves around, the liquid inside the semicircular canals sloshes around and moves the
tiny hairs that line each canal. The semicircular canals work together to sense rotational and angular
movements of the head. They sense motion via the ampulla, a bulb-shaped structure at the base of each
canal. The ampulla contains a fluid known as endolymph, which is also present in the cochlea, and
the crista, a cone-shaped structure lined with hair cells and supporting cells.

The vestibule sits between and connects the cochlea and semicircular canals

Each canal has hair cells and fluid inside, which move when your head or body moves. The hair cells send
messages to your brain through the acoustic nerve. These messages tell your brain about how you are
moving.

Why we are not the same in skin color?

skin color is passed through genes from parents to children. Experts have also noticed that people from
regions that receive similar amounts of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun tend to be similar colors.
Also the Melanin that produces skin, eyes, and hair pigmentation made by the special cells called
melanocytes. Melanin’s purpose is to help the body function and store the vitamins it needs. Melanin
also helps protect people from the Sun’s UV rays. LACK or ABSENCE OF MELANIN = Albinism

Vitiligo is a long-term condition where pale white patches develop on the skin. It's caused by the lack of
melanin

why cats always land on their feet?

Cats have an inbuilt balancing system called the “righting reflex” that allows them to orient themselves
and land on their feet. Righting reflexes help to correct the position of the body when it goes of balance
and falls down. Automatic reflex action in a zero gravity.

Why do we fall in our dreams?

Hypnic jerks are a type of involuntary muscle movement called myoclonus. Hiccups are another common
form of myoclonus.

Problema sa tainga – Isa pang pangkaraniwang dahilan ng pagkahilo ay ang sakit sa tainga. Nasa tainga
kasi natin ang vestibular system kung saan nagmumula ang pakiramdam natin sa balanse at pag-galaw.
Kung may dumi o impeksiyon sa tainga, puwede ito magdulot ng matinding pagkahilo (vertigo).
Utricle - Utricle is a small organ present in the inner ear of vertebrates. It detects the accelerations,
especially the horizontal acceleration, and the head tilts in the horizontal plane.

Saccule - The saccule is a bed of sensory cells in the inner ear. It translates head movements into neural
impulses for the brain to interpret. The saccule detects linear accelerations and head tilts in the vertical
plane.