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WORKBOOK
FOR CSEC
MATHEMATICS
Glen Dass
1. REFLECTION
2. TRANSLATION
3. ENLARGEMENT
4. ROTATION
E.g. Reflect the triangle in the y-axis.
TRANSFORMATIONS
WORKBOOK
FOR CSEC
MATHEMATICS
Glen Dass
1. REFLECTION
2. TRANSLATION
3. ENLARGEMENT
4. ROTATION
E.g. Reflect the triangle in the y-axis.
Glen Dass Publishing,
5, Paul Street, Reform Village, Gasparillo, Trinidad and Tobago, The Caribbean.
glendasspublishing@hotmail.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the written permission of the author.
Tel: 1-868-473-5600
CONTENTS
5 Translation 39
6 Enlargement 63
7 Rotation 89
The idea for this book came to me two years ago when my nephew and niece asked me to help
them with their home work on Transformation, which they both had difficulty with. I assumed
that they knew nothing about the topic and used my personal work, notes and questions to teach
them. These materials were eventually used to make this Mathematics workbook a reality. After
two days they fully understood all the foundation work and concepts that were necessary to work
any problem on this topic and as a result they were able to work all the questions on this topic
from the past papers.
I joined the Teaching Service in Trinidad and Tobago in 1995 as a Teacher of Mathematics and
Physics and in 1997 I got a part time job teaching Mathematics to repeater students at a private
Secondary School. At one point in time I was working part time at three private Secondary
Schools while I was full time at a Government Secondary School. With repeater students, a lot of
work needed to be done in a short space of time, from September to April of the following year
in order to ensure that the students improved their grades. About three to five years of work had
to be covered in this short space of time, so I designed my lesson plans and methods of teaching
in such a way that I assumed that they knew absolutely nothing in Mathematics. This meant that
a tremendous amount of work had to be done on the board and adequate home work be given
regularly and corrected in order to make sure that students learnt something. I started from basic
concepts in all of the CSEC Mathematics topics to make sure that most of the students
understood the foundation work before proceeding to harder topics.
My lesson plans, assignments and methods of delivery helped me to be effective in the classroom
and I was able to pitch the work for the mathematically weak students. Most repeater students
often tell me that it was the first time that they actually understood certain topics. I have worked
at public and private Secondary Schools in north, central and south Trinidad, so I got the
opportunity to interact with students of all types of socioeconomic backgrounds with different
levels of intelligence.
At the Private Secondary Schools where I worked at in the past, I got the opportunity to teach a
wide array of subjects which broadened my view, knowledge and experiences. I taught CSEC
Additional Mathematics, Biology, Caribbean History, Human and Social Biology, Physics,
Integrated Science, Geography, Office Administration, Social Studies, Principles of Business,
Management of Business, Commercial Numeracy, SAT Mathematics, GMAT Mathematics,
GRE Mathematics, Introductory Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences, Introduction to Statistics
for Psychology, Introduction to Quantitative Methods for the ABE Program, Computer Literacy,
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation, Microsoft Word, Graphics Design and PC Repairs. In China
I taught Oral English, Conversational English, Business English and Tourism English. I also
have the knowledge to teach Economics, Sociology, Psychology, International Relations,
Politics, Public Administration, Public Policy Analysis and Foreign Policy in the Third World.
This book will help form four, form five and repeater students to fully understand the
Transformation topics in CSEC Mathematics. The main feature of this book is that it was
designed for students to quickly master the topic in three days, by doing all the questions
with geometrical instruments. All of the required foundation work has been covered first
before any examination type questions were included for students to attempt. This is necessary
because the foundation work is the building blocks that are needed to work the examination type
questions.
I would like to thank my nephew and niece for giving me the idea for this book and other books
in this series. As a result, I wish to dedicate this book and others in the series to my nephews and
nieces Christon, Joel, Natalia, Faith and Paris.
1
image object
25
object
image
27
object image
29
image
object
31
object image
33
image
object
35
object image
37
object image
39
5 Translation
2. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-5, 4), B (-1, 4), C (-1, 1),
D (-5, 1). ABCD undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , , and Plot
these points and join them to get the image.
42
43
3. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (5, -3), B (2, -7), C (7, -7). ABC
undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , and Plot these points and join
them to get the image.
44
45
4. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: L (-7, -2), M (-2, -2), N (-2, -8).
LMN undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , and Plot these points and
join them to get the image.
46
47
5. Plot the following points and join them to make a straight line: Y (-1, -5) and Z (-7, -10). The
line undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find and . Plot these points and
join them to get the image.
48
49
6. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: W (3, -3), X (8, -3), Y (6, -6),
Z (1, -6). WXYZ undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , , and
Plot these points and join them to get the image.
50
51
EXAMPLE
Find the translation vector that maps the object onto its image.
NOTE: ANY POINT AND ITS IMAGE CAN BE USED IN THE FORMULA TO FIND
10
3 image
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
-4
object -5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
53
1. Find the translation vector that maps the object onto its image.
54
10
7 image
object 3
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
55
2. Find the translation vector that maps the object onto its image.
56
10
object 3
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3 image
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
57
3. Find the translation vector that maps the object onto its image.
58
10
3 image
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
-4
object
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
59
4. Find the translation vector that maps the object onto its image.
60
10
7
object
6
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
-4
image
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
61
5. Find the translation vector that maps the object onto its image.
62
10
7
I
6
2
O
1
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
63
6 Enlargement
1. Triangle A (3, 2), B (6, 2), C (3, 6) undergoes an enlargement of scale factor of 2 and the
centre of enlargement is at O (0, 0). Draw the triangle and show its image when it is enlarged.
64
65
2. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: E (3, 7), F (7, 7), G (7, 3), H (3, 3). This
shape is enlarged by a scale factor of 2 and its centre of enlargement is O (2, 2). Show the points
of the image and join them to get a shape.
66
67
3. Plot the following points and join them to get a line: Y (3, 7) and Z (6, 1). This line is enlarged
by a scale factor of 1 and its centre of enlargement is O (0, 0). Show the points of the image and
join them to get a line.
68
69
4. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (4, 10), B (6, 10), C (6, 8), D (4, 8).
This shape is enlarged by a scale factor of 3 and its centre of enlargement is O (3, 7). Show the
points of the image and join them to get a shape.
70
71
5. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: E (10, 6), F (13, 6), G (13, 9), H (10, 9).
This shape is enlarged by a scale factor of 3 and its centre of enlargement is O (15, 3). Show the
points of the image and join them to get a shape.
72
73
6. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (-3, -1), B (-3, -4), C (-1, -4). This
shape is enlarged by a scale factor of 2 and its centre of enlargement is O (-5, -8). Show the
points of the image and join them to get a shape.
74
75
7. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: X (-7, 8), Y (-4, 8), Z (-4, 5). This
shape is enlarged by a scale factor of 3 and its centre of enlargement is O (-8, 10). Show the
points of the image and join them to get a shape.
76
77
EXAMPLE
Find the centre of enlargement.
STEPS
1. Draw the blue lines as seen on the graph.
2. Where they meet: this point is the centre of enlargement.
3. In this example, the centre of enlargement is the point (5, 3).
78
7 Rotation
1. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (1, 5), B (3, 5), C (3, 1), D (1, 1). It is
rotated in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
90
91
2. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: X (2, 6), Y (2, 2), Z (5, 2). It is rotated
in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your geometrical
instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a shape of the
image.
92
93
3. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: P (2, 4), Q (2, 1), R (4, 1). It is rotated
in an anticlockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
94
95
4. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: K (3, 2), L (3, 5), M (6, 5), N (6, 2). It
is rotated in an anticlockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use
your geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
96
97
5. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: W (-6, 8), X (-3, 8), Y (-3, 2), Z (-6, 2).
It is rotated in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use
your geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
98
99
6. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: P (-4, 9), Q (-2, 9), R (-2, 3), S (-4, 3).
It is rotated in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
100
101
7. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: E (1, -4), F (1, -7), G (3, -7). It is
rotated in an anticlockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use
your geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
102
103
8. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (2, 5), B (4, 5), C (2, 2). It is rotated
in an anticlockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
104
105
mirror line
115
mirror line
117
mirror line
119
mirror line
121
1. Rotate the shape in a clockwise direction of where the centre of rotation is the origin.
130
9 Describing a transformation
EXAMPLE 1
Describe fully the transformation that maps the object onto its image.
ANSWER
It is a reflection where the mirror line is the equation
132
mirror line
equation
object image
EXAMPLE 2
Describe fully the transformation that maps the object onto its image.
ANSWER
EXAMPLE 3
Describe fully the transformation that maps the object onto its image.
ANSWER
It is an enlargement where the scale factor of enlargement is 2 and the centre of enlargement is at
the point (5, 3).
136
EXAMPLE 4
Describe fully the transformation that maps the object onto its image.
ANSWER
It is a clockwise rotation of about the origin.
OR YOU CAN SAY
It is a clockwise rotation of where the centre of rotation is the point O (0, 0).
138
object
image
139
10 Mixed Questions
1. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (1, 1), B (3, 1), C (1, 6). Reflect
this shape in the y- axis
140
141
2. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-3, 2), B (-3, 5), C (-1, 3 ). Reflect
this shape in the y- axis
142
143
3. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (2, 2), B (4, 4), C (5, 1). Reflect
this shape in the y- axis
144
145
4. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-5 , 2), B (-1, 2), C (-2 , -3),
D (-7,-3). Reflect this shape in the y- axis
146
147
5. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (1, 3), B (5, 2), C (4, -1). Reflect
this shape in the x- axis
148
149
6. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-1, 5), B (-4, 0), C (-1, -1). Reflect
this shape in the x- axis
150
151
7. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (2, 1), B (2, 4), C (4, 2). Reflect
this shape in the x- axis
152
153
8. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (8, 10), B (2, 6), C (10, 4).
a) Reflect this shape in the line .
b) Then reflect Δ in the line .
154
155
9. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (0, 1), B (3, 1), C (2, 2). Reflect
this shape in the line
156
157
10. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-3, 3), B (-4, 0), C (-1,-1). ABC
undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , and Plot these points and join
them to get the image.
158
159
11. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-4, 5), B (-4, 2), C (-2, 4). ABC
undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , and Plot these points and join
them to get the image.
160
161
12. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-4, 4), B (-4,-1), C (-2, 2). ABC
undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , and Plot these points and join
them to get the image.
162
163
13. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (-4, 1), B (-4, 3), C (-3, 4),
D (-1, 2). ABCD undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , , and Plot
these points and join them to get the image.
164
165
14. Plot the following points and join them to make a shape: A (3, -1), B (7, -5), C (-2, -2). ABC
undergoes a translation, Use the formula to find , and Plot these points and join
them to get the image.
166
167
15. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (1, 2), B (3, 2), C (2, 3 ). This shape
is enlarged by a scale factor of 2 and its centre of enlargement is O (0, 0). Show the points of the
image and join them to get a shape.
168
169
16. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (1, 1), B (1, 3), C (2, 1). This shape
is enlarged by a scale factor of 4 and its centre of enlargement is O (0, 0). Show the points of the
image and join them to get a shape.
170
171
17. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: P (2, 1), Q (2, 3), R (5, 1). This shape
is enlarged by a scale factor of 3 and its centre of enlargement is O (0, 0). Show the points of the
image and join them to get a shape.
172
173
18. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: X (3, 5), Y (2, 3), Z (4, 3). This shape
is enlarged by a scale factor of 2 and its centre of enlargement is O (1, 5). Show the points of the
image and join them to get a shape.
174
175
19. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (2, 1), B (1, 2), C (3, 2). This shape
is enlarged by a scale factor of 2 and its centre of enlargement is O (0, 0). Show the points of the
image and join them to get a shape.
176
177
20. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (-1, 2), B (-1, 4), C (0, 2). This
shape is enlarged by a scale factor of 2 and its centre of enlargement is O (-3, 3). Show the points
of the image and join them to get a shape.
178
179
21. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (2, 1), B (4, 1), C (2, 4). It is rotated
in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
180
181
22. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: D (2, 1), E (4, 1), F (4, 4), G (2, 4). It
is rotated in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
182
183
23. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: H (-1, 4), I (1, 4), J (1, 3), K (-1, 3). It
is rotated in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
184
185
24. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: O (0, 0), Q (-2, 3), R (2, 3). It is
rotated in a clockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
186
187
25. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: L (2, 5), M (2, 2), N (5, 2). It is rotated
in an anticlockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
188
189
26. Plot the following points and join them to get a shape: A (0, 1), B (4, 1), C (2, 5). It is rotated
in an anticlockwise direction where the centre of rotation is the point (0, 0). Use your
geometrical instruments to find the images of the points and plot them. Join them to make a
shape of the image.
190
191
2. A triangle has coordinates O (0, 0), P (2, 2) and Q (4, 1). Draw this shape on a graph.
a) The line PQ is mapped onto by an enlargement of scale factor 2 where the centre of
enlargement is the origin. Draw the line .
b) Triangle OPQ undergoes a reflection in the line . Show this reflection
194
195
3. A square has coordinates P (-2, 1), Q (-2, 2), R (-1, 2) and S (-1, 1). It is mapped onto
(2, 1), (2, 4), (5, 4) and (5, 1) by an enlargement.
a) Show PQRS and on the same graph.
b) Find the centre of enlargement.
c) Find the scale factor of enlargement.
196
197
5. Reflect the letter ‘A’ in the x-axis. Then reflect the original letter ‘A’ in the y-axis.
200
6. Reflect the letter ‘E’ in the y- axis. The original letter E undergoes a translation by the vector
Show the image of E.
HINT: USE
202
7. What shape is A? A is mapped onto B by an enlargement of scale factor about the centre C
( . Use the diagram to determine the values of .
204
A
205
9. Describe completely the transformation that maps ΔPQR onto Δ . The translation vector
maps ΔPQR onto Δ . Draw this Δ .
Use the following points for this problem: P (-5, 7), Q (-5, 4), R (-2, 4) and
208
ABOUT THE BOOK
This workbook covers reflection, translation, enlargement and rotation that are outlined in
Transformations in the CSEC Mathematics syllabus. All the questions must be done practically
with geometric instruments. This is to ensure that students understand the mechanics of working
through these kinds of questions. There are examination style questions for students to work
through after they have covered the four basic topics: reflection, translation, enlargement and
rotation. Mixed questions have been included for students to work through. This will help
reinforce what students have learnt in the earlier chapters of the workbook.
This workbook is designed for all form four, form five and repeater students who are currently
taking CSEC Mathematics examinations. Form three students who are keen on developing their
Transformation skills early, instead of waiting for form four or form five, will benefit from this
workbook. This workbook will also be useful in the Schools that cover this topic in form three.
A tutor is not needed if someone wants to use the workbook independently. Teachers who are
giving crash courses can use the workbook with their students and they will be able to work
through all the problems within three days. Anyone who uses this workbook will learn
something and those who enjoy doing Mathematics will benefit tremendously.
Tel: 1-868-473-5600