7

Biology

Respiration in Organisms

Aerobic respiration
Learning Goal
• To understand the term respiration and aerobic respiration
• Intermediate Goal:​
• Respiration
• Aerobic respiration​
• Energy from Respiration
• Fair Test
•
Starter Activity

• Think: Why do we eat and breathe?

• Discuss this with your partner
Respiration
• We are learning to
• •Describe where our energy comes from

• I can
• •Draw a simple word equation of respiration, identifying the reactants
and the products.
• •Identify where respiration occurs
• •Name 4 different ways the energy from respiration can be used in
the body.
 Where do you get your energy?
• Glucose, from digested carbohydrates, is an important substance that contains
stored chemical energy. This is released when it reacts with oxygen in cells.
• The energy is used in many ways, such as for:
• The body needs a constant supply of energy.
• •Muscle contraction

• •Active transport

• •Transmission of Nerve Impulses.

• •Synthesis of proteins.
What is respiration

• Energy is stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule as chemical

energy.
• •The energy stored in these chemical bonds is released in a series of
enzyme-controlled reactions.
• •The breakdown of glucose to release energy is called respiration.
• •Respiration occurs in the cells of all living organisms.
• •Aerobic respiration is carried out in the mitochondria
What is respiration?
• Respiration is the process that the body uses to release energy from
digested food (glucose).

• This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration because energy is

released in the presence of oxygen
Energy from Respiration
• The energy that we get from respiration is found in the form of a molecule
called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

• As glucose is broken down, the energy released goes into making bonds in
ATP.
• When energy is needed, the high energy bond in ATP is broken and energy
is given out.
Quick Questions
•
• Q1. What are the reactants in this process?
• Q2. What is the useful product?
• Q3. What are the waste products?
• Q4. Where in the body does respiration occur? (be specific!)
• Q5. What are the protein molecules that control the rate of
respiration?
• 1.Glucose and Oxygen
• 2. ATP
• 3. carbon dioxide and water
• 4. lungs and respiratory system
• 5. ATP(Adenosine-triphosphate) ADP(Adenosine –
diphosphate), and NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) are
examples of molecules that regulate cellular respiration
enzymes.
Energy

• •When food is burned, the chemical energy is converted to heat

energy.
• •Therefore, to test how much energy is in a food, we can burn it and
measure the heat it gives off.
• https://youtu.be/MvgVXsNBkGc
Fair Test
• 1.Write the title and aim.
• 2.Identify the independent and dependent variables.
• 3.Method: Draw out the diagram below (in pencil).

5. Write a conclusion based on your results and relate it back to your aim.
Re-cap
• •Respiration is the process by which chemical energy
is released during the breakdown of a foodstuff
such as glucose.
• •It occurs in every living cell.
• •It involves the regeneration of the high energy
compound ATP by a complex series of biochemical
reactions.
• Experiment 1
• AIM-To demonstrate that oxygen is used in respiration.
• MATERIALS REQUIRED- test tube, beaker with distilled water, germinating seeds of beans, mustard and wheat.
Cork with a hole, conical flask, measuring cylinder, potassium hydroxide solution, petroleum jelly, thread and a glass
capillary tube.
• PROCEDURE- Using a spatula place about 10 germinating seed in conical flask and add 4ml of potassium hydroxide
solution in a measuring tube and transfer the potassium hydroxide into a small test tube then tie a cotton thread
around the neck of the test tube. Suspend the test tube above the conical flask, close the mouth of the conical flask
with a cork. Set one end of a capillary tube in conical flask and other one in the beaker with distilled water. Observe
the position of initial level of water in the capillary tube. Apply the petroleum jelly on the top of the cork to seal it.
Keep the apparatus undisturbed for 2 hours. Repeat the same procedure for mustard and wheat.
• OBSERVATION-The water level has increased in the capillary tube dipped in water, note this level as the final level
• CONCLUSION- Rise in water level in the capillary tube dipped in water depicts that germinating seeds release
carbon dioxide during respiration. In bean and mustard seeds the risen water level is relatively lesser because they
use fat and proteins as respiratory substrate but in case of wheat they use carbohydrate, so there is an increase in
water level. When carbohydrates is used as substrates Co2 and oxygen are balanced.
• PRECAUTIONS-Ensure all gaps are sealed and use freshly prepared potassium hydroxide solution.
Experiment 1

AIM-To demonstrate that oxygen is used in respiration

MATERIALS REQUIRED- test tube, beaker with distilled water, germinating seeds of beans, mustard and
wheat. Cork with a hole, conical flask, measuring cylinder, potassium hydroxide solution, petroleum
jelly, thread and a glass capillary tube.

PROCEDURE- using a spatula place about 30 germinating seed in conical flask and add 4ml of potassium
hydroxide solution in a measuring tube and transfer the potassium hydroxide into a small test tube then
tie a cotton thread around the neck of the test tube. Suspend the test tube above the conical flask, close
the mouth of the conical flask with a cork. Set one end of a capillary tube in conical flask and other one
in the beaker with distilled water. Observe the position of initial level of water in the capillary tube.
Apply the petroleum jelly on the top of the cork to seal it. Keep the apparatus undisturbed for 2 hours.
Repeat the same procedure for mustard and wheat.

OBSERVATION-the water level has increased in the capillary tube dipped in water, note this level as the
final level

CONCLUSION- rise in water level in the capillary tube dipped in water depicts that germinating seeds
release carbon dioxide during respiration. In bean and mustard seeds the risen water level is relatively
lesser because they use fat and proteins as respiratory substrate but in case of wheat they use
carbohydrate, so there is an increase in water level. When carbohydrates is used as substrates co2 and
oxygen are balanced.

PRECAUTIONS-Ensure all gaps are sealed and use freshly prepared potassium hydroxide solution.
Check list
• What are the end products of aerobic respiration.
• During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide and water are released along with a large amount of
energy.

• Asset
1. Cells perform various functions like digestion, excretion, reproduction, and transport. This is the
reason the cells require energy to perform all these activities in organisms. What is the source of
the energy which is utilized by the cells?
(a) Stored energy in the water which releases during nutrition
(b) Stored energy in the food which releases during respiration
(c) Stored energy in the body which releases during reproduction
• (d) Stored energy in the blood which releases during transportation
• Correct Answer: (b
2. A student claimed that out of these activities, sleeping is the only activity in which energy is not
needed by the cells. Is the claim made by the student correct?
(a) No; the cells require energy during all the human activities.
(b) Yes; while sleeping, all the body cells are at rest, so energy is not required.
(c) No; reading is another activity in which energy is not needed by the cells.
(d) Yes; sleeping is the activity in which energy is not used, but is released inside the body
Correct Answer: (a)
3. The breakdown of food particles takes place inside the cell, and during this process, lots of
energy releases out. Which life process helps the cell to perform this function?
(a) Excretion
(b) Reproduction
(c) Transportation
(d) Cellular respiration
Correct Answer: (d)