Answers and Explanations 335

Answer Key (3 x − 6) × (2 x − 4) × 3 = 162

(3 x − 6) × (2 x − 4) = 54
Section 20-1
6 x 2 − 24 x + 24 = 54
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. 4.5
6 x 2 − 24 x − 30 = 0
Section 20-2 6( x 2 − 4 x − 5) = 0
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 6( x − 5)( x + 1) = 0
x = 5 or x = −1
Section 20-3
The length of the side is positive, so x = 5 .
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B Therefore, the dimension of the original cardboard
is (3 × 5) in × (2 × 5 + 2) in , or 15 in × 12 in .
Chapter 20 Practice Test
4. 4.5
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
16 Let h be the height of water when 2,400 cubic
6. C 7. 27 8. 85 9. or 5.33 inches of water is added into the empty tank.
3
Then 20 × 16 × h = 2, 400 . Solving for h yields
2, 400
h= = 7.5 in .
20 × 16
Since the aquarium tank is 12 inches high, the
Answers and Explanations surface of water will be 12 − 7.5 , or 4.5 inches,
from the top of the tank.
Section 20-1

1. D Section 20-2
Volume of the block is 36 × 20 × 9 − 2(10 × 8 × 9) ,
1. B
or 5,040 cm3 .
Weight of the cement block = density × volume
= 1.7 gram / cm3 × 5, 040 cm3 = 8,568 gram .
r
2. B
Volume of the aluminum block is
10 × 8 × 12 − 8 × 6 × 12 , or 384 in 3 .
4 3
Weight of the aluminum block = density × volume Volume of the sphere = r
3
= 0.098 lb / in 3 × 384 in 3 = 37.632 lb .
Volume of the cylinder = r 2 ⋅ height
3. C = r 2 ⋅ 2r
3 3x − 6 = 2 r3
4 3 4
3 r
Volume of the sphere 2
= 3 3 = 3=
Volume of the cylinder 2 r 2 3
2x − 4 2x + 2
2. C
Volume of the mechanical part
3x = (3) 2 ⋅ 8 − (1.5) 2 ⋅ 8 = 54 in 3
Since 1 ft = 12 in , 1 ft 3 = (12 in)3 = 1, 728 in 3 .
The dimension of the box is (3 x − 6) × (2 x − 4) × 3 .
1
Since the volume of the box is given as 162 in 3 , Thus 1 in 3 = ft 3 .
1, 728
set up the following equation:
336 Chapter 20

Mass of the mechanical part = density × volume 3 2

length of a is a , the area of the equilateral
1 ft 3 4
= 490 lb / ft 3 × 54 in 3 ⋅ ≈ 48.1 lb .
1, 728 in 3 3 2
triangle with side length of 4 is (4) = 4 3 .
4
3. D The area of the hexagon is 6 × 4 3 = 24 3 .
Volume of the pyramid
Volume of cylinder I = (r ) 2 ⋅ 2h = 2 r 2 h
1 1
Volume of cylinder II = (2r ) 2 ⋅ h = 4 r 2 h = Bh = (24 3)(7) = 56 3
3 3
volume of cylinder I 2 r 2 h 1
= = 2. C
volume of cylinder II 4 r 2 h 2
Thus if the volume of cylinder I is 45 in 3 , the 9m
volume of cylinder II is 90 in 3 .

4. C 15 m
The figure below shows the rectangle, which was
laid flat from a cut along AB on the cylinder.
Let h = the height of the cone.
30 92 + h 2 = 152 Pythagorean Theorem
A B
h 2 = 152 − 92 = 144
16 h = 144 = 12
1 2
Volume of the cone = r h
D C 3
1
= (9) 2 (12) = 324 m3
16 3
Number of minutes it takes to fill up the reservoir
A
= total volume ÷ rate of filling
B
= 324 m3 ÷ 2.4 m3 / min
2 2 2
AC = AB + BC Pythagorean Theorem ≈ 424.1 min
AC 2 = 302 + 162 Substitution
= 900 + 256 3. D
= 1,156
AC = 1,156 = 34 8

r
8
Section 20-3
6
1. B
Let r = the radius of the smaller cone.
Since the bases are parallel, the proportion
8 16
= can be used to find the radius of the
r 6
8 16
smaller cone. = ⇒ r =3
4 r 6
The regular hexagon consists of 6 equilateral Volume of the remaining bottom part
triangles. So the area of the regular hexagon is = volume of the cone − volume of the top part
the sum of the areas of 6 equilateral triangles. 1 1
Since the area of the equilateral triangle with side = (6) 2 (16) − (3) 2 (8) = 168
3 3
Answers and Explanations 337

4. B 3 3 81
the equation x = can be used to find the
10 5 4 4
C = 2 r = 10 ⇒ r = = value of x .
2
Volume of the cone 3 3 81
x = ⇒ 3 x3 = 81 ⇒ x3 = 27
1 2 1 5 2 200 4 4
= r h= ( ) (8) = ≈ 21.2 ⇒ x = 3 27 = 3
3 3 3

3. B
Chapter 20 Practice Test
2 in
1. D
4 in

2x
x
4x − 3
x Area of the equilateral triangle with side length
x 4x + 3
3 2
Volume of the rectangular prism of 2 = (2) = 3 .
4
= (4 x + 3)(4 x − 3)(2 x) = (16 x 2 − 9)(2 x) Area of the regular hexagon = 6 3 .
Volume of the cube = x3 Volume of the hexagonal prism = 6 3 ⋅ 4 = 24 3
Since the volume of the rectangular prisms is Volume of the cylinder = (2) 2 ⋅ 4 = 16
30 times the volume of the cube, the equation
The volume of the waste generated by creating
(16 x 2 − 9)(2 x) = 30 x3 can be used to find the
the hexagonal prism from the cylinder can be found
value of x . by subtracting the volume of the hexagonal prism
from the volume of the cylinder.
(16 x 2 − 9)(2 x) − 30 x3 = 0 Make one side 0.
2
2 x (16 x − 9) − 15 x 2
=0 GCF is 2x .
16 − 24 3 ≈ 8.69
The volume of the waste is about 9 cubic inches.
2 x( x 2 − 9) = 0 Simplify.
2 x( x + 3)( x − 3) = 0 Factor. 4. D
x = 0 , x = −3 , and x = 3
3
Since the dimension has to be positive, x = 3
is the correct answer.
4
2. A x
h
5
x 6
x
The volume of the cylinder with a radius of 3
3x and a height of x is (3) 2 x , or 9 x .
x
Volume of the water in the rectangular container
Area of the equilateral triangle with side length is 6 × 5 × 4 , or 120.
3 2
of x is x . To solve for x , let 9 x = 120 .
4
Volume of the triangular prism 120
x= ≈ 4.24
9
3 2 3
= B⋅h = x ⋅ 3 x = x3
4 4
81
Since the volume of the prism is given as ,
4
338 Chapter 20

5. C 6 s 2 = 54 is simplified to s 2 = 9 . Solving for s

Cylinder I Cylinder II gives s = 3 .
Volume of the cube = s 3 = (3)3 = 27

8. 85
50 cm
36 cm 1
Volume of the cone = (3) 2 (10) = 30
3
Since the cone is 90 percent filled with shaved ice,
the volume of the shaved ice is 30 × 0.9 , or 27
Circumference = 50 Circumference = 36
cubic centimeters.
Let r1 = the radius of cylinder I and 27 cm3 ≈ 84.8 cm3
let r2 = the radius of cylinder II.
Therefore, to the nearest cubic centimeter, the
50 25
2 r1 = 50 ⇒ r1 = = volume of the shaved is 85 cm3 .
2
36 18 16
2 r2 = 36 ⇒ r2 = = 9. or 5.33
2 3
Volume of cylinder I
25 22,500 Let h = the height of the square pyramid.
= (r1 ) 2 h = ( ) 2 (36) = Volume of the square pyramid
Volume of cylinder II 1 1
= Bh = (6) 2 h = 12h
18 16, 200 3 3
= (r2 ) 2 h = ( ) 2 (50) =
Volume of the cube = s 3 = (4)3 = 64
Since the square pyramid and the cube have equal
The difference of volume between the two
volumes, 12h = 64 .
22,500 16, 200
cylinders is − ≈ 2, 005.3 . 64 16
Solving for h gives h = = , or 5.33.
12 3
Choice C is correct.

6. C
x

2x

Volume of the space inside the cylinder but

outside the double cone =
volume of the cylinder − volume of the two cones.
1
( x) 2 (2 x) − 2 ( x) 2 ( x)
3
2 3 4 3
= 2 x3 − x = x
3 3

7. 27

Surface area of the cube = 6s 2

Since the surface area of the cube is given
as 54 cm 2 , 6 s 2 = 54 .