Cell Functions - Seeret

Cell Membrane The cell membrane is the outer layer of the

cell. It is semi-permeable, which means that it
allows some things to pass through into the
cell.

Cytoplasm (also known as cytosol)
This is a jelly-like fluid inside the cell, which
helps the organelles to float. The substance
is cytosol, which is mostly made up of water.
Cytoplasm acts as a cushion and road
system to transport materials.

Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain the

structure it has, and how it’s organized on the
inside.

Nucleus This is referred to as the “brain” of the cell. It

holds the necessary information that’s
needed to perform and conduct the cell’s
functions. It’s the largest and most important
organelle in the cell. It contains Chromatin,
which are tightly wound strands of DNA. The
genetic information gets passed down when
the cell’s reproduce.

Nucleolus It creates ribosomal RNA, which reads and

carries out the instructions that are given from
the DNA.

Ribosomes It’s a very small organelle that produces

proteins. They make the protein based on the
information given by the organism’s nucleic
acids.

Centrioles The centrioles organize microtubules and

serve as the cell’s skeletal system.

Mitochondria It is one of the most critical organelles for an

organism, and the cell in general. It’s also
known as the “cell’s powerhouse”. In this
organelle, oxygen and sugars react in
chemical reactions to create energy for the
body. Muscle cells need the most energy, so
they have the most mitochondria, but blood
cells have none.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum helps

produce proteins for the rest of the cell to
function. It’s rough, due to the ribosomes all
over the surface.
Cell Functions - Seeret

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The smooth endoplasmic is largely for the

lipid (fat), steroid and hormone production. It
also detoxifies the body. For example, it helps
to detoxify drugs, alcohol, etc.

Golgi Apparatus This organelle stores proteins, puts them in

packages called vesicles, and they carry
proteins to the surface, and release them.

Lysosomes They contain special proteins, which help

break down large molecules. They can also
kill other harmful bacteria, such as bacteria
and viruses.

Vacuoles The vacuole helps the cell to hold water and

nutrients for future use, or emergency use.
Cell Functions - Seeret

References

Brown , M. (2021). Everything You Need To Ace Biology in One Big Fat Notebook. Workman
Publishing.

Centriole. Genome.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2023, from

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Centriole

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth). British Society for Cell Biology. (n.d.). Retrieved
February 13, 2023, from
https://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-smooth
/

Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough). Genome.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2023, from
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Endoplasmic-Reticulum-rough
Nature Publishing Group. (n.d.). Nature news. Retrieved February 13, 2023, from
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/microtubules-and-filaments-14052932/