Student Name: ASPRER, CHARLIENE FAYE E.

Section: 11 - PATIENCE

Activity 2C. CELLULAR ORGANELLES

Organelle Photo Description/Function
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous
Endoplasmic membrane system of flattened vesicles and
Reticulum (Smooth tubules that is responsible for the production of
and Rough) protein, hormones and other secretory products.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is classified into
two forms which is the smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER). The difference between them is
their appearance and function. Smooth
endoplasmic reticulum (SER) does not have
ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis
whereas rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has
ribosomes and is responsible for protein
synthesis.
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles
that have a double membrane. It contains their
Mitochondria own small chromosomes and DNA. It is where
cellular respiration takes place and its main
function is to provide energy to the cell, thus, it is
widely known as the powerhouse of the cell. The
mitochondria breakdown glucose to produce
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the
energy currency molecule of the cell.

Ribosome is considered to be the most multiple

organelle in cells. It has no membrane but it is
Ribosome divided into two units; the large subunit and small
subunit. This organelle is made out of 60% RNA
and 40% protein, thus, making it the site of
protein synthesis in the cell. Ribosomes read the
messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translate
the genetic code into amino acids, which results
in the lengthening of the protein chain.
Centriole is a pair of barrel-shaped organelles
located in the cytoplasm of the animal cells. Its
Centriole role is to organize the microtubules which are part
of the cytoskeleton of the cell. Through centrioles,
the location of nucleus and organelles are
determined and each daughter cell is ensured to
receive the appropriate number of chromosomes.
Golgi Apparatus is a membrane-bound structure
found inside the cell’s cytoplasm. It is the
Golgi processing and packaging center of the cell
Apparatus/Bodies because it prepares and transports the proteins
and lipid molecules inside and outside of the cell.
 Lysosome is the small, spherical organelle
Lysosome commonly found in animal cells. Its main function
is to digest protein, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA,
and RNA through the hydrolytic enzyme. Because
of its material digestion ability, it is referred to as
the “recycler” of the cell.

Vacuole is a membrane-bound sac that is

Vacuole responsible for intracellular digestion and
discharge of cellular waste products. In plant
cells, vacuole keeps the water balanced and
regulates turgor pressure in the cell. In terms of
size, animal cells’ vacuole is generally smaller
compared to the large vacuole of plant cells.
Vesicle is a temporary storage structure in a cell
Vesicle that usually consists of fluid or gas surrounded by
an outer membrane called the lipid bilayer. Its
main function is to store and transport
substances/materials to different locations inside
the cell in order for an organism to survive.
Flagellum is a long, whip-like cell organelle that
Flagellum protrudes from the cell body. It is used for
locomotion of cells and is usually found both in
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cilia are short, hair-like cell organelle that extend

Cilia from the surface of the cell. It is used for cell
movement and is only found in eukaryotic cells.

Chloroplast is a plant cell organelle that

Chloroplast transforms light energy to chemical energy
through the photosynthetic process. It contains
chlorophyll which is responsible for the plant’s
green color and ability to absorb energy from
sunlight. Chloroplast produces and stores
glucose.

Leucoplast is a colorless plant organelle that is

Leucoplast found in the non-photosynthetic part of the plants
such as roots and seeds. Its function is to store
essential compounds like starch, oil, and proteins.
 Cytoskeleton is a structure that maintains the
Cytoskeleton shape and internal organization of a cell. It is an
important part of the cell because it controls the
cell mobility. Without cytoskeleton, cell locomotion
and muscle fiber contraction wouldn’t be able to
happen.

Process Questions for Activity 2C

1. Why can the cell not survive without the nucleus?

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, therefore, without it, a cell wouldn’t be able to
survive. Nucleus contains the genetic material, DNA, which is responsible for all genetic information.
It regulates gene expression, protein and enzyme synthesis, and directs cell division. If the nucleus
is nowhere to be found, there would be no one to guide most activities of the cell, thus, it will not
function and grow.

2. Explain the following terms:

a. chromatin network
- Chromatin is a long, thin, uncoiled structure found in the nucleus that is composed of
DNA and special proteins called histones. This means that the chromatin is the lower
order of DNA organization.
b. chromosomes
- Chromosome is a compact, thick, and ribbon-like coiled structure that is formed
through the condensation of chromatin fibers. Thai means that the chromosomes are
the higher order of DNA organization.

3. What is the function of the nucleolus in the cell?

The nucleolus is the most prominent structure in the nucleus. It is the non-membrane bound
structure composed of proteins and nucleic acids which takes up 25% volume of the nucleus. For
this reason, the nucleolus is the brain of the nucleus. It is responsible for the assemblage of
ribosomes, synthesis of ribosomes, synthesis of proteins, and synthesis of RNA.