UNIT 1

OUR BODY
 Block 1
LEVELS OF
ORGANISATION
→ 1st bioelements & biomolecules (studied by Biochemistry)
→ 2nd cells (studied by Citology)
→ 3rd tissues (studied by Histology)
→ 4th organs & systems (studied by Anatomy)
→ 5th organism (studied by Medicine)
 Block 2
BIOCHEMISTRY
2.1 INORGANIC
BIOMOLECULES
· Water is the most abundant
substance that makes up about
65% of human body. We
introduce water with drinks &
food and we expel it through
breathing, urine, sweat & stool
ION Formule Use for:
Sodium Na+
Nerve impulses
Potasium K+
Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO3)2 Build bones
Iron Fe3+ Transports O2
 2.2 ORGANIC
BIOMOLECULES

Proteins
Glucides

Lipids

Nucleic acids
· Glucides
Small molecules, soluble and
MONOSACCHARIDES sweet tasting
on fruits, honey, wine and building
Glucose polisaccharides
Fructose on fruits
Lactose on milk
Sucrose on artificial sugar
Big molecules formed by glucose
POLISACCHARIDES chains, insoluble and no sweet
Energy reserve on plants (on cereals and
Starch potatoes)
Energy reserve on animals (on muscle
Glycogen and liver)
Build the vegetal cell wall. We don’t digest
Cellulose it and becomes the digestive fiber
· Lipids
The fats that we store in adipose tissue
Triglycerides
Unsaturated Better to blood transport (vegetal oils and margarines)
Worst to blood transport (butter, fatty meat and
Saturated
industrial pastry)
Phospholipids They build cell membranes (on all food)
Used to make hormones. The most important
Esterols is cholesterol (always in the blood, it can
clog arteries)
Proteins
Structural proteins
actin & myosin muscle contraction
collagen shape of the skin
They are in blood and other liquids
Reserve proteins giving aminoacids to cells (albumin)

Enzymes Control of cell reactions

haemoglobin transports O2 in blood using iron
DNA-polymerases make a DNA copy
antibodies fight against infections
Nucleic
Acids