Name – Amrit Singh

Student No. 8954762

Lab Report 4
Objective
In this experiment is to study the law of conservation of energy. We will explore the
conditions necessary for the mechanical energy (that is, the sum of kinetic energy and
gravitational potential energy to be conserved.
Brief Theory Section
In this section energy, Energy is the ability to do tasks. Potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical,
nuclear, and other forms can exist. Additionally, as energy is being transferred from one body to
another, there is heat and work. Energy is always classified based on its type once it has been moved.
Therefore, heat transported may convert to thermal energy, but work that is done may result in
mechanical energy: Energy can only be transformed from one form to another; it cannot be created
or destroyed. We refer to this idea as energy conservation.

 Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, observable as the movement of an object or

subatomic particle. Every moving object and particle has kinetic energy.
K.E=1/2mv2
 Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses because of its position in a
gravitational field. The most common use of gravitational potential energy is for an object
near the surface of the Earth where the gravitational acceleration can be assumed to be
constant at about 9.8 m/s2.
U=mgh
 Elastic potential energy is energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic
object. The energy is stored until the force is removed and the object springs back to its
original shape, doing work in the process. The deformation could involve compressing,
stretching, or twisting the object.
E=1/2kx2

Total conservation of energy= Ki +Ui= Kf+Uf

In SI energy is measured in Joules(J).

Daily life examples of conservation of energy

1. The conversion of chemical energy in food to mechanical to ride a bicycle.

2. The conversion of solar energy to chemicals during photosynthesis in a plant.

3. The conversion of chemical energy stored in gasoline to mechanical energy to run a car.

4. The conversion of electrical energy into heat energy by in-room heaters.

Observation
Task 1

The Kinetic energy goes upward from 0 to 5 m and 4 to 6m after that 6 to 10m while the potential energy goes

downward after 5m it goes to upward, whereas the total energy remains constant.

On both of the skater height is 3.8 m.

Task 2

In energy and time graph, the total energy remains constant while the kinetic energy and potential energy

follows zigzag path as it both goes sometimes upward and downward.

Task 3
No, the total energy remains constant but potential energy slightly goes downward and kinetic
energy slightly goes upward from centre after they both comes to their position similar to their
starting position.it is because the moon have very less gravity comparable to earth.

Task 4 and 5

In this gravitation of Jupiter, the skater moves so faster because of high gravity. Due to this, total
energy of the systems is increased. The total energy remain same along the whole path.

Task 6
No, the relation between kinetic energy and potential energy is not same at each location ( Earth,
Moon and Jupiter).
Yes, the total energy in these three cases are different because the affect of gravity.The total energy
of a system is the sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy, and this total energy is conserved
in orbital motion.

Task 7

The total Energy remain constant for whole position. In kinetic energy case, it lightly goes upward
and the declines. Similarly, potential energy heading down and then goes up.

Task 8
Yes, in position and energy graph in these three cases, the total energy remain steady while kinetic
energy and potential energy have great change due to change in mass that is increased from 60 to 75
kg

Earth
Moon

Jupiter

In time and energy graph, in earth case the total energy remain static while kinetic energy an
potential energy followed zigzag path

On moon the skater moves faster and it jump outside the track due to less gravity on moon and K.E
and P.E moves incline and downwards

On Jupiter, the skater have very high gravity, the K.E and P.E moves in opposite path in upeard and
downwards.
Task 9

Start

End

Yes total energy change due to friction changes the sliders moves slow after movement on track

In first graph it high while in end graph it is very less,

Yes, the maximum vales are changed due to friction in kinetic energy and potential energy in start
graph it shows highly upward and downward trend while in end graph it shows mostly same in linetic
and potential energy.
Result
All these observation including tasks from 1 to 9 are results.

All these cases, total mechanical energy changes and have different relations of kinetic energy and
potential energy between energy and position graph or time and energy graph respectively.

Conclusion
As a conclusion, we can see that although the total mechanical energy of the Earth, Moon, and
Jupiter is preserved, the magnitude of those energies varies in response to variations in both their
kinetic energy from movement and their gravitational potential energy. Mechanical energy cannot be
created or destroyed because kinetic and potential energy cancel each other out, keeping the total
amount of energy constant. In task 9, the introduction of friction converts all mechanical energy into
thermal energy.

Source of error
Although human error can be a source of error, this experiment's online energy stake arc
stimulation greatly reduces the possibility of human error being the source of error.

Reference
https://conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/content/878408/viewContent/20845354/View

Data