JEE (Main + Adv)

Exercise Sheet

Class XI

MATHS
Binomial Theorem
BINOMIAL THEOREM
 INDEX
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 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 (i) Find the Coefficient of x9 in the a11 − r
9 Tr +1 = 11Cr = x 22–3r
⎛
expansion of ⎜ x 2 −
1 ⎞ br
⎟ and
⎝ 3 x⎠ To find the coefficient of x7
(ii) The term independent of x in the ∴ 22 – 3r = 7
⎛ 1 ⎞
9 ∴r=5∈N
expansion of ⎜ x 2 − ⎟
⎝ 3x ⎠ a6
∴ T6 = 11C5 x7
Sol. Tr+1 = nCr (first term)n–r (second term)r. b5
a6

T
9
⎛ 1 ⎞ ∴ coefficient of x7 = 11C5 ...(i) Ans.
In the expansion of ⎜ x 2 − ⎟
⎝ 3 x⎠ b5
11
r ⎛ 1 ⎞

IN
⎛ 1 ⎞ (ii) In the expansion of ⎜ ax − 2 ⎟
∴ Tr +1 = 9Cr (x2)9–r ⎜− ⎟
⎝ 3x ⎠ ⎝ bx ⎠
r
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
= (–1)r 9Cr x18–r × Tr+1= 11Cr (ax)11–r ⎜ − ⎟
3r × x r ⎝ bx 2 ⎠
1 a11 −r

PO
∴ Tr +1 = (–1)r 9Cr × r
× x18– 3r ...(1) = (–1)r 11Cr x 11–3r
3 br
(i) To find coefficient of x9. Let Tr+1 be the To find the coefficient of x–7,
term containing x9. ∴11 – 3r = – 7
From (1), 18 – 3r = 9 ∴ r=3∈N ∴r=6∈N
⎛ 1 ⎞ a5
Put r = 3 in (1), T4 = (–1)3 9C3 ⎜ 3 ⎟ × x9 ∴ T7 = (–1)6 11C6 x–7
⎝3 ⎠ b6
⎛ 1 ⎞ 28 ∴ Coefficient of x–7
R
∴ Coefficient of x9 = (–1)3 9C3 ⎜ 3 ⎟ = – Ans.
⎝3 ⎠ 9 a5 a5
= (–1)6 11C6 = 11C6
..... (ii) Ans.
(ii) Let Tr+1 be the term independent of x. b6 b6
From (a) – (i)
EE

(iii) These two coefficients are equal if and only if

∴ 18 – 3r = 0 ⇒ r = 6 ∈ N
a6 a5
1 9! 1 28 11C5 = 11C6 [From (i) and (ii) ]
∴ T7 = (–1)6 9C6 × 6 x0 = × 6 = b5 b6
3 3! 6! 3 243
1
28 ∴a= ∴ ab = 1 Q 11C5 = 11C6 Ans.
∴ T7 = is the term independent of x. Ans. b
243
R

Ex.3 Find the last three digits of 17256.

Ex.2 Find the coefficients of Sol. We have 172 = 289 = 290 – 1.
1 ⎞
11 Now,
⎛
CA

(i) x7 in ⎜ ax 2 + ⎟ 172 = (172)128 = (290 – 1)128

⎝ bx ⎠
= 128C0 (290)128 – 128C1(290)127
11
⎛ 1 ⎞ + 128C2(290)126 – ....– 128C125 (290)3
(ii) x–7 in ⎜ ax − 2 ⎟
⎝ bx ⎠ – 128C126(290)2 – 128C127 (290) + 1
(iii) Find the relation between a and b, so
= 1000m +
(128 )(127 ) (129)2 – (128) (290) + 1,
that these coefficients are equal 2
11 where m is a positive integer
⎛ 1 ⎞
Sol. (i) In the expansion of ⎜ ax 2 + ⎟ = 1000 m + (128) (290) (18414) + 1
⎝ bx ⎠
r
= 1000 m + 683527680 + 1
⎛ 1 ⎞ a11 − r x 22 − 2r = 1000 [m + 683527] + 681
Tr +1 = 11Cr (ax2)11–r ⎜ ⎟ = 11Cr r ×
⎝ bx ⎠ b xr Thus, the last three digits of 17256 are 681 Ans.

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 129

Ex.4
⎣
( 2n

⎦
)
Show that ⎡⎢ 3 + 1 ⎤⎥ + 1 is divisible by
2n+2 for all n ∈ N where [.] denotes the
greatest integer function.
Sol. Let x = ( 3 + 1)2n = [x] + f
where 0 ≤ f < 1
Now let ( 3 – 1)2n = f ′
where 0 < f ′ < 1
Adding (1) and (2) we get
⇒ [x] + f + f ′ = ( 3 +1)2n + ( 3 –1)2n
∴ 23n+3 – 7n – 8 = 23n × 23 – 7n – 8
= 8 (49k + 7n + 1) – 7n – 8
= 8 × 49k + 56n – 7n – 8
= 8 × 49 k + 49n = 49 (8k + n)
∴ 23n+3 – 7n – 8 is divisible by 49.
...(1)
Second Method
23n = (23)n = 8n = (1 + 7)n
...(2) ∴ 23n = 1 + n (7) + nC2 × 72 + nC3×73+...+7n
∴ 23n = 1 + 7n + 72 [nC2 + nC3 × 7 + nC4×72 +
......+ 7n–2]
∴ 2 – 7n –1 = 49 [ C2 + C3 × 7 + C4 × 72 +
3n n n n

T
....... + 7n–2]
= (4 + 2 3 )n + (4 – 2 3 )n
∴ 23n – 7n –1 is divisible by 49 ; n ∈ N

IN
= 2n {(2 + 3 )n + (2 – 3 ) n} ∴ 23m – 7m –1 is divisible by 49 ; m ∈ N
= 2n . 2{nC0 (2)n + nC2 (2)n–2 ( 3 )2 Let m = n +1, m ∈ N ⇒ n ∈ N and n = 0 is
also included
+ nC4 (2)n–4 ( 3 )4 +....}
∴ 23(n+1) –7 (n + 1) – 1 is divisible by 49 ;
⇒ [x] + f + f ′ = 2n+1 k, ... (3)
∴ 23n+3 – 7n – 8 is divisible by 49 ;

PO
(where k is an integer)
Hence f + f ′ is an integer.
Ex.6 If n is any positive integer, show that
⇒ i.e., f + f ′ = 1 {Q 0 < f + f ′ < 2}
from (3) (
⎢⎣ )
⎡ 7 + 4 3 n⎤ , where [ ] denotes the greatest
⎥⎦
[x] + 1 = 2n+1 k
integer function, is an odd number. Also, if
(
⎢⎣ )
⎡ 3 + 1 2n ⎤ + 1 = 2n+1 k
⎥⎦ [from (1)]
( )
n
( n
)
f = ⎡⎢ 7 + 4 3 ⎤⎥ – ⎡⎢ 7 + 4 3 ⎤⎥ then
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
This shows that [( 3 + 1)2n] + 1 divisible
R
(7+ 4 3 )n (1 – f) = 1
by 2n+1 for all n ∈ N.
Sol.
⎣
( n
)
Let Ι = ⎡⎢ 7 + 4 3 ⎤⎥
⎦
Ex.5 Show that
EE

(i) (1 + x)n – nx – 1 is divisible by x2 where n ∈ N We have (7 + 4 3 )n = Ι + f, where 0 ≤ f < 1.

(ii) 23n – 7n – 1 is divisible by 49. Hence Also, 7 – 4 3 = 1 / (7 + 4 3 )
show that 23n+3 – 7n – 8 is divisible by
49, n ∈ N Therefore 0 < (7 + 4 3 ) < 1. This implies
Sol. (i) Since that
R

(1 + x)n = 1 + nC1x + nC2x2 + nC3x3 + .....+ xn 0 < (7 + 4 3 )n < 1. Let F = (7 + 4 3 )n

n(n − 1) 2 n We have 1 + f + F = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 – 4 3 )n
= 1 + nx + x + C3 x3 + ......+ xn
2
( )
CA

= 2 ⎡⎢ n C0 . 7n + nC2 . 7n − 2 4 3 + ...........⎤⎥ = 2k
2
∴ (1 + x)n – (nx + 1)
⎣ ⎦
n(n − 1) n
= x2 [ + C3x + ....... + xn–2] where k is some integer. Hence f + F = 2k – I
2
is an integer. Also, 0 ≤ f < 1 and 0 < F < 1
i.e. (1 + x)n – nx – 1 is divisible by x2.
implies 0 < f + F < 2. But, since f + F is an
(ii) Put x = 7 in the above result
integer, we get f + F = 1. Therefore, 2k – Ι = 1
Q We want 23n = 8n term
or Ι = 2k – 1. This shows that Ι is an odd
∴ (1 + 7)n – n (7) – 1 is divisible by 72
integer. Also,
∴ 8n – 7n – 1 is divisible by 49
(7 + 4 3 )n (1 – f) = (7 + 4 3 )n F
∴ 23n – 7n – 1 is divisible by 49
∴ 23n = 49k + 7n + 1, k ∈ N = (7 + 4 3 )n (7 – 4 3 )n
= (49 – 48)n = 1
130 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________
 C1 C2 Cn Ex.9 Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of
Ex.7 Sum the series C0 + + + ....... +
2 3 n +1 (i) (1 + x + x2 + x3)11
n +1 n +1 (ii) (2 – x + 3x2)6
Cr −1 1
Sol. Sum = ∑
r =1
r
= ∑ n +1
r =1
. n+1Cr Sol. (i) 1 + x + x2 + x3 = (1 + x) + x2 (1 + x)
= (1 + x) (1 + x2)
1 ∴ (1 + x + x + x3)11 = (1 + x)11 (1 + x2)11
2
= (n+1C0 + n+1C1 + ..... + n+1Cr+1 – n+1C0)
n +1 = (1 + 11C1x + 11C2 x2 + 11C3x3 + 11C4x4 + ....)
1 (1 + 11C1x2 + 11C2x4 + .......)
= (2n+1 – 1)
n +1 To find term in x4 from the product of two
Alternative method brackets on the right-hand-side, consider

T
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ........., Cnxn the following products of terms as
Integrating both sides w.r.t. x from 0 to 1 1× 11C2x4 + 11C2x2 × 11C1x2 + 11C4x4
1 1 = [11C2 + 11C2 × 11C1 + 11C4] x4

IN
∫ (1 + x ) dx = ∫ (C +
n
0 C1x +....... + Cnxn)dx = [55 + 605 + 330]x4 = 990x4
0 0 ∴ The coefficient of x4 is 990. [or consider
n +1
2 −1 C C C coefficient of x4 in (1 – x)–11 (1 – x4)11] Ans.
= C0 + 1 + 2 +.....+ n . Ans.
n +1 2 3 n +1 (ii) (2 – x + 3x2)6 = [2 – x (1 – 3x)]6
= [26 – 6C1 × 25 × (1– 3x) + 6C2 24 × x2 (1 – 3x)2
Ex.8

Sol.
If (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 +...
....+ a2nx2n then show that
a0 + a3 + a6 +...= a1 + a4 + a7 +... = 3n–1.
Putting x = 1, ω, ω2, where ω is a non real
cube root of unity,
3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + ......
PO
...(1)
6
–6C3 23 × x3 (1 – 3x)3 + 6C4 22 × x4 (1 – 3x)4
– 2 × 6C5 × x5 (1 – 3x)5 + 6C6 × x6 (1 – 3x)6]
The term in x4 will come only from the
three terms, viz.
(a) C2 × 24 × x2 (1 – 3x)2 = 15 × 16x2(1 – 6x + 9x2)
∴ The term in x4 is (15) (16) (9x4)
0 = a0 + a1ω + a2ω + a3ω + a4ω + ... (2)
2 3 4 (b) – 6C3 23 × x3 (1 – 3x)3
R
= – 20 × 8 × x3 [1 – 9x + 27x2 – 27x3]
because 1 + ω + ω2 = 0
∴ The term in x4 is – 20 × (–9) × (8)x4
0 = a0 + a1ω2 + a2ω4 + a3ω6 + a4ω8 +... ...(3)
(c) 6C4 22x4 (1 – 3x)4 = 15 × 4x4 (1 – 4 × 3x + ...)
Adding these
EE

∴ The term in x4 is 15 × 4 × x4
3n = 3(a0) + a1 (1 + ω + ω2) + a2 (1 + ω2 + ω4)
∴ The term x4 in (2 – x + 3x2)6 is
+ a3 (1 + ω3 + ω6) + ....
[15 × 16 × 9 + 20 × 8 × 9 + 15 × 4] × x4
= 3 (a0 + a3 + a6 + ...)
= [2160 + 1440 + 60] x4 = 3660 x4
∴ a0 + a3 + a6 + ........ = 3n–1.
∴ The coefficient of x4 is 3660 Ans.
R

From (1) + (2) × ω2 + (3) × ω, we get

3n + 0 × ω2 + 0 × ω Ex.10 If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 +....
= a0(1 + ω2 + ω) + a1(1 + ω2 + ω3) + a2(1 + ω4 + ω5) ....+ Cnxn then prove that
CA

+ a3 (1 + ω5 + ω7) + a4 (1 + ω6 + ω9) +... (2n − 1) !

C12 + 2C22 + 3C32 + .....+ nCn2 =
∴ 3n = 3 (a1 + a4 + a7 + ......... ), ((n – 1) ! )2
because coefficient of each is Sol. Given
1 + ω + ω2 = 0, using ω3 = 1 (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + .... + Cnxn
∴ a1 + a4 + a7 + ........ = 3n–1 Differentiating both sides w.r. to x, we get
Again, from (1) + (2) × ω + (3) × ω3 , we get n(1 + x)n–1 = 0 + C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 +.....+ n Cnxn–1
3n = a0 (1 + ω + ω2) + a1 (1 + ω2 + ω4) ⇒ n(x +1)n–1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C2x2 + .....
+ a2 (1 + ω3 + ω3) + .......... + n Cnxn–1 ...(1)
= 3 (a2 + a5 + a8 + ....... ) and (x + 1) = C0x + C1x + C2x + C2xn–2
n n n–1 n–1

+ C3xn–3 + ........ + Cn ...(2)

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 131

 Multiplying (1) and (2), we get Sol. (i) We have
n(1+ x)2n–1 = (C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + ...+ nCnxn–1) 2n
⎛1 ⎞ ⎛
r
1 1 ⎞ 1
n

× (C0xn + C1xn–1 + C2xn–2 + C3xn–3 +....+ Cn) ...(3) ∑

r =0
ar ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜1 + + 2 ⎟ = 2n (x2 + x + 1)n
⎝x⎠ ⎝ x x ⎠ x
Now, coefficient of xn–1 on R.H.S. 2n
= C12 + 2C22 + 3C32 + .......... + nCn2 ⇒ ∑a x r 2n–r = (x2 + x + 1)n
and coefficient of xn–1 on L.H.S. = n.2n–1Cn–1 r =0
2n 2n
(2n − 1) ! (2n − 1) ! (2n − 1) !
= n. = =
(n − 1) ! n ! (n − 1) ! (n − 1) ! {((n − 1)! ) 2 }
= ∑
r =0
a rx r = ∑a x
r =0
r
2n − r
... (1)

but (3) is an identity, therefore the coefficient Equating the coefficients of x2n–r on both
of xn–1 in R.H.S. = coefficient of xn–1 in L.H.S. sides, we get ar = a2n–r for 0 ≤ r ≤ 2n.

T
(2n − 1) ! (ii) Putting x = 1 in (1), we get
⇒ C12 + 2C22 + 3C32 + ... + nCn2 = 2
{(n − 1)! } a0 + a1 + a2 + ...... + a2n = (1 + 1 + 1)n = 3n

IN
But ar = a2n–r for 0 ≤ r ≤ n – 1.
Ex.11 If (1 + 2x + 2x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .....+ a2nx2n ∴ 2(a0 + a1 + ........... an–1) + an = 3n
Show that a0 a2n – a1a2n–1 + ......... + a2na0 1
⇒ a0 + a1 + ............. an–1 = (3n – an)
⎧ 0 if n is odd 2

PO
= ⎨ n n
⎩2 ( Cn / 2 ) if n is even (iii) Differentiating (1) w.r.t. x, we get
2n
Sol. We have
(1 + 2x + 2x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +......+ a2nx2n...(1)
n (1 + 2x) (1 + x + x2)n–1 = ∑ ra x
r =0
r r–1

Replacing x by – x in (1), we get ⇒ n(1 + 2x) (1 + x + x2)n

(1 – 2x + 2x2)n = a0 – a1x+ a2x2 +...+ a2nx2n ...(2) 2n
Now, a0a2n – a1a2n–1 + a2a2n–2 – ...+ a2na0 = (1 + x + x2) ∑ ra x
r =0
r r–1

= coefficient of x2n in
R
2n 2n
[a0 + a1x + a2x2 +...+ a2nx2n]
× [a0 – a1x + a2x2 – ........ + a2nx2n]
⇒ n(1 + 2x) ∑
r =0
arxr = (1 + x + x2) ∑ ra x
r =0
r r–1

= coefficient of x2n in
EE

Equating the coefficients of xr (0 < r < 2n),

(1 + 2x + 2x2)n (1 – 2x + 2x2)n
we get nar + 2nar–1 = (r + 1)ar+1 + rar + (r – 1)ar–1
= coefficient of x2n in [(1 + 2x2)2 – (2x)2]n
⇒ (r + 1)ar +1 = (n – r) ar + (2n – r + 1) ar–1
= (1 + 4x4)n = coefficient of yn in (1 + 4y2)n
If n is odd, yn will not occur in the Ex.13 Find the sum of the following series
R

expansion of (1 + 4y2)n. 1+2 1+2+3

If n is odd coefficient of yn in (1 + 4y2)n is 0. S = C12 + C22 + C23 + ........
2 3
If n is even, as 2m, then coefficient of y2m in up to n terms
CA

(1+ 4y2)2m is 2mCm 4m = 2mCm22m = (2n) (nCn/2) Sol. The rth term of the given series
1 + 2 + ...... + r 2 r (r + 1) 2 1
Ex.12 If n is a positive integer and if = Cr = Cr = (r + 1)Cr2
r 2r 2
2n
1 1 1
(1 + x + x2)n = ∑a
r =0
r x r then, prove that ∴ S=
2
(1 + 1)C12 + (2 + 1)C22 + (3 + 1)C23
2 2

(i) ar = a2n–r for 0 ≤ r ≤ 2n. 1

+ ..... + (n + 1)Cn2
2
1 n
(ii) a0 + a1 + ......... + an–1 = (3 – an) We know that
2
C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ............ + Cnxn = (1 + x)n
(iii) (r + 1)ar+1 = (n – r)ar +(2n – r + 1)ar–1(0 < r <2n)
⇒ C0x + C1x2 + C2x3 +...... + Cnxn+1 = x(1 + x)n

132 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get (Since lower suffix is – ve)
C0 + 2C1x + 3C2x2 + 4C3x3 +...+ (n + 1)Cnxn But (1) is an identity, therefore coefficient
= (1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n–1 ... (1) of xr in R.H.S. = coefficient of xr in L.H.S.
2 3
⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ Hence nC 0 . 2nCr – nC1 . 2n–2Cr + ...
Also C0 + C1 ⎜ ⎟ + C2 ⎜ ⎟ +C3 ⎜ ⎟ + ....
⎝x⎠ ⎝x⎠ ⎝x⎠ = nCr–n 22n–r if r > n = 0 if r < n.
n n
⎛1 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
+ Cn ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜1 + ⎟ . ... (2) Ex.15 If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ....... + Cnxn,
⎝x⎠ ⎝ x⎠
prove that C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + C2Cr+2 + .....+ Cn–rCn
Now, C02 + 2C12 + 3C22 + 4C32 + .... + (n + 1)Cn2
2n !
= coefficient of constant term in =

T
(n − r ) ! (n + r ) !
[C0 +2C1x + 3C2x2+4C3x3 + ...... + (n + 1)Cnxn]
Sol. Here differences of lower suffixes of
⎡ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎤
2 n
⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞

IN
× ⎢C0 + C1 ⎜ ⎟ + C2 ⎜ ⎟ + .... + Cn ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ binomial coefficients in each term is r, i.e.,
⎢⎣ ⎝x⎠ ⎝x⎠ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎥⎦
r–0=r+1–1=r+2–2
= coefficient of constant term in
= ........... = n – (n – r) = r
[(1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n–1](1 + 1/x)n
Given (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 +...+ Cn–r xn–r
= coefficient of xn in

PO
+ ...... + Cnxn ...(1)
[(1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n–1](x + 1)n
Now(x + 1)n = C0xn + C1xn–1 + C2xn–2 + .......
= coefficient fo xn in
... + Crxn–r + Cr+1 xr–r–2 + ........ + Cn ...(2)
[(1 + x)2n + nx (1 + x)2n–1)]
Multiplying (1) and (2), we get
(2n ) ! ⎛ n⎞
= 2nCn +n. 2n–1Cn–1 = ⎜1 + ⎟ (1 + x)2n = (C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ......+ Cn–rxn–r +
n! n! ⎝ 2⎠
..... + Cnxn) × (C0xn + C1xn–1 + C2xn–2 + .....
⎛ n⎞ ..+ Crxn–r + Cr+1xn–r–1 + Cr+2xn–r–2 +... + Cn) ...(3)
R
= 2nCn ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Now coeff. of xn–r on L.H.S. of (3)
⇒ 2C12 + 3 C22 + 4 C32 + ...... + (n + 1) Cn2 2n !
= 2nCn–r =
EE

⎛ n⎞ (n − r ) ! (n + r ) !
= 2nCn ⎜1 + ⎟ – 1 [Q C0 = 1]
⎝ 2⎠
and coeff. of xn–r on R.H.S. of (3)
1 ⎡ 2n ⎛ n⎞ ⎤ = C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + C2Cr+2 + .........+ Cn–r Cn
⇒ S= ⎢ Cn ⎜1 + ⎟ − 1⎥
2 ⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦ But (3) is an identity, therefore coeff. of xn–r
in R.H.S. = coeff. of xn–r in L.H.S.
R

Ex.14 Prove that

nC 0 . 2nCr – nC1 . 2n–2Cr + ..... = 22n–r nCr–n ⇒ C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + C2Cr+2 + ...... + Cn–rCn
if r < n, if r > n 2n !
=
CA

Sol. [(1 + x)2 – 1]n = nC0 (1 + x)2n (n − r ) ! (n + r ) !

– nC1 (1 + x)2n–2 + nC2 (1 + x)2n–4 ...(1)
coefficient of xr in R.H.S. Ex.16 Prove that
= nC 0 . 2nCr – nC 1 . 2n–2Cr + ...... 1 n n(n − 1)
C0 + C1 + C2 +
& L.H.S. = [(1 + x)2 – 1]n m! (m + 1) ! (m + 2) !
= [2x + x2]n = xn (2 + x)n ze n (n − 1) ....... 2 .1
.....+ Cn
∴Coefficient of xr in xn (2 + x)n (m + n ) !
= coefficient of xr–n in (2 + x)n
(m + n + 1) (m + n + 2) ........( m + 2n )
= nCr–n 22n–r if r > n =
= 0 if r < n (m + n ) !

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 133

Sol. Since (1 + x)m+n . (1 + x)n = (1 + x)m+2n The coefficient of xn–2 on the LHS of (5) is
⇒ (m+nC0 + m+nC1x + m+nC2x2 + ...... n2 . 2n–2Cn–2 = n2 . 2n–2Cn
..... + m+nCm+nxm+n) × The coefficient of xn–2 on the RHS of (5) is
(C0 + C1x + C2x2 +...+ Cnxn) = (1 + x)m+2n 1.(n – 1)C12 + 2.(n – 2) C22 +....(n – 1) . 1C2n–1
Equating the coefficients of xn on both n −1 n

sides, we find
= ∑
r =0
r(n – r) Cr2 = ∑
r =0
r (n – r) Cr2
m+nCn . C0 + m+nCn–1 . C1 + m+nCn–2 . C2 + ......... n
+ m+nC0 . Cn = m+2nCn Hence ∑ r (n – r) Cr2 = n2 (2n–2Cn)
(m + n ) ! (m + n ) ! r =0
⇒ C0 + C1

T
m! n! (n − 1) ! (m + 1) !
(m + n) ! (m+ n) ! Ex.18 Show that
+ C2 +...+ Cn 1+ x 1 + 2x 1 + 3x
(n − 2)!(m + 2) ! (m+ n) !

IN
C0 –C1 +C2 2
–C3 +.....= 0
1 + nx (1 + nx ) (1 + nx )3
(m + 2n) !
= Sol. We have
(m + n) ! n !
1+ x 1 + 2x 1 + 3x
Dividing both sides by (m + n)!/n!, we find C0 – C1 + C2 2
– C3 + ...
1 + nx (1 + nx ) (1 + nx )3

PO
1 n n (n − 1)
C0 + C1 + C2 + ......
m! (m + 1) ! (m + 2) ! ⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
= ⎢C0 − C1 +C2 2
−C3 3
+.....⎥
⎣ 1 + nx (1 + nx) (1 + nx) ⎦
n (n − 1) ........ 2 .1
+ Cn
(m + n ) ! x ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
+ ⎢− C1 + 2C2 − 3C3 3
+ ....⎥ ... (1)
(m + 2n ) ! 1 + nx ⎣ 1 + nx (1 + nx ) ⎦
=
(m + n ) ! (m + n ) ! As we know
(m + n + 1) (m + n + 2) ...... (m + 2n ) (1 – y)n = C0 – C1y + C2y2 – C3y3 + ............
R
=
(m + n ) ! On differentiating both sides w.r.t. y,
– n (1 – y)n–1 = – C1 + 2C2y – 3C3y2 + .........
n

∑ r (n – r) C 1 1
EE

Ex.17 Show that r2 = n2 .2n–2Cn Thus C0 – C1 + C2

r =0 1 + nx (1 + nx )2
Sol. We have 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ nx ⎞
n n

(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ..... + Cnxn ... (1) –C3 3

+....= ⎜1 − ⎟ =⎜ ⎟ ... (2)
(1 + nx ) ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠ ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 1
R

n(1 + x)n–1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + ....+ nCnxn–1 ..(2) and – C1 + 2C2 – 3C3 + ....
1 + nx 1 + nx
(1) can also the be written as n −1 n −1
(1 + x)n = (x + 1)n ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ nx ⎞
= – n ⎜1 − ⎟ = – n⎜ ⎟ ... (3)
CA

= C0xn + C1xn–1 + C2xn–2 +....+ Cn–1 x + Cn ...(3) ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠ ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠

Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get Using these values in equation (1),
n (1 + x)n–1 = nC0xn–1 + (n – 1) C1 xn–2 + 1+ x 1 + 2x 1 + 3x
C0 – C1 + C2 2
– C3
(n – 2) C2xn–3 + ........... + Cn–1 ...(4) 1 + nx (1 + nx ) (1 + nx )3
Multiplying (2) and (4), we have ⎛ nx ⎞
n
x ⎛ nx ⎞
n −1
+........= ⎜ ⎟ – .n ⎜ ⎟
n2(1 + x)n–1 (x + 1)n–1 = n2 (1 + x)2n–2 ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠ 1 + nx ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠
= [C1 + 2C2 + 3C3x2 + ....... + nCn xn–1] × n n
⎛ nx ⎞ ⎛ nx ⎞
[nC0 xn–1 + (n – 1) C1xn–2 + (n – 2)C2xn–3 = ⎜ ⎟ – ⎜ ⎟ =0
⎝ 1 + nx ⎠ ⎝ 1 + nx ⎠
+.........+ Cn–2x + Cn–1] ...(5)

134 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

 i n x
C2r −1 ⎡n + 1⎤ ⎡ Cn x n +1 ⎤
∑
n
Ex.19 Evaluate where i = ⎢ C x 2 n C2 x 3 n C3 x 4 n

r ⎥, = ⎢ n C0 x + 1 + + + ...... ⎥
r =1 ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎢⎣ 2 3 4 n + 1 ⎥⎦
0
n +1
i.e., greatest integer ≤
∴
(1 + x )n −1 –
1
= nC0x +
n
C1x 2
2
n +1 n +1 2
n n
C2r −1 C2r −1
Sol. Here tr = =2. n
C2 x 3 n
C3 x 4
r r + + + ......
3 4
1 ⎧ 1 n 1 n +1 ⎫
= 2. n+1C2r
⎨Q Cr = . Cr +1 ⎬ n
C1 n
C2 n
C3 n
C4
n +1 ⎩ r +1 n +1 ⎭ = nC 0 + + + + . ..(1)
2 3 4 5
i
2
∑

T
n n
∴ the required sum = n+1C2r 1 C1 C2
n +1 r=1
0– = – nC 0 + +
n +1 2 3
2 n+1 n n

IN
= { C2 + n+1C4 + n+1C6 +...+ n+1C2i} C3 C4
n +1 + – + ........ …(2)
4 5
2
= {(n + 1C0 + n+1C2 + n+1C4 + ...) – n+1C0} Adding these,
n +1
2n +1 2 ⎛ nC n
C3 n C5 ⎞
2 2 (2n − 1) – = 2⎜ 1 + + + ........ ⎟
= {2(n+1)–1 – 1} = n +1 n +1 ⎜ 2 4 6 ⎟

PO
⎝ ⎠
n +1 n +1
Second Method (using calculus)
n
C1 n
C3 n
C5 2 (2n − 1)
∴ + + + .......=
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + nC3x3+....+ nCnxn 1 2 3 n +1
x x

∫ (1 + x ) dx = ∫ ( C
n
∴ n 0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + nC3x3
0 0
x
⎡ (1 + x )n +1 ⎤
+ ........ + nC n x n) dx or ⎢ ⎥
R
⎣⎢ n + 1 ⎦⎥ 0
EE
R
CA

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 135

 EXERCISE (Level-1)
Question
General Term Q.7 The numerically greatest terms in the
based on
1
expansion of (3 – 5x)15 when x = is-
Q.1 If the 4th term in the expansion of 5
n
⎛ 1⎞ 5 (A) T3 (B) T5
⎜ ax + ⎟ is then the values of a and n
⎝ x⎠ 2 (C) T6 (D) None of these
respectively are-
1 Q.8 If the rth term is the middle term in the
(A) 2, 6 (B) ,6

T
2 ⎛ 1 ⎞
20
expansion of ⎜ x 2 − ⎟ then the (r + 3)th
1 ⎝ 2x ⎠
(C) ,5 (D) None of these
2

IN
term is-
1 1
Q.2 The 4th term from the end in the expansion (A) 20C14. 14
.x (B) 20C12. .x2
2 212
7
⎛ x3 2 ⎞ 1
of ⎜ − 2 ⎟ is- (C) – ·20C7 · x (D) None of these
⎜ 2 x ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 213

Q.3
(A) 70x
(C) – 35x6

⎛ 1⎞ ⎛
4
1⎞
of ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎜ x + ⎟ is-
⎝ x⎠ ⎝ x⎠
3
(B) 70x2

The term independent of x in the expansion

PO
(D) None of these Q.9 The greatest coefficient in the expansion of
(1 + x) 2n+2 is -

(A)
2n !
( n ! )2
(B)
(2n + 2) !
[(n + 1)! ]2
(2n + 2) ! (2n) !
(C) (D)
R
(A) –3 (B) 0 n ! (n + 1)! n ! (n + 1)!
(C) 1 (D) 3
Q.10 The middle term of (1 + x)2n is-
EE

Q.4 The coefficient of x39 in the expansion of

1.3.5...( 2n + 1) n n
15 (A) 2 x
⎛ 4 1 ⎞ n!
⎜ x − 3 ⎟ is-
⎝ x ⎠ 1.3.5...( 2n − 1) n n
(B) 2 x
(A) – 455 (B) – 105 n!
(C) + 455 (D) + 105
R

1.3.5...( 2n + 1) n +1 n
(C) 2 x
n!
Q.5 The coefficient of xn in expansion of
1.3.5...(2n − 1) n −1 n
(1 + x)(1 – x)n is- (D) 2 x
CA

n!
(A) (n – 1) (B) (–1)n (1 – n)
(C) (–1)n–1 (n – 1)2 (D) (–1)n–1 n
Question
based on Properties of Binomial Coefficient
Question Middle Term and Numerically greatest
based on term Q.11 The sum of the last eight coefficients in the
expansion of (1 + x)16 is equal to-
Q.6 The middle term in the expansion of
(A) 215 (B) 214
(1 – 3x + 3x2 – x3)6 is -
1 (16)!
(A) 18C10 x10 (B) 18C9 (–x)9 (C) 215 – (D) None of these
2 (8! )2
(C) 18C9 x9 (D) None of these

136 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

 1 1 1 Q.19 The number of irrational terms in the
Q.12 + + +...
1 ! · (n − 1) ! 3 ! · (n − 3) ! 5 ! · (n − 5) ! expansion of ( 8 5 + 6 2 )100 is-
is equal to - (A) 97 (B) 98 (C) 96 (D) 99
n−1
2
(A) for even values of n only Q.20 The number of integral terms in the
n!
expansion of ( 3 + 8 5 )256 is -
2n −1 + 1
(B) –1 for odd values of n only (A) 35 (B) 32 (C) 33 (D) 34
n!
2n−1 Q.21 If 1 ≤ r ≤ n – 1, then n–1Cr + n–2Cr + .....+ rCr
(C) for all n ∈ N
n! equals-
(A) nCr (B) nCr+1

T
(D) None of these
(C) n+1Cr (D) None of these
Q.13 If C0, C1, C2, ............ Cn are the Binomial

IN
coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, n being Q.22 The coefficient of y49 in (y – 1) (y – 3) …(y – 99)
even, then C0 + (C0 + C1) + (C0 + C1 + C2) + ..... is-
+ (C0 + C1 + C2 + ........+ Cn–1) is equal to (A) 2500 (B) – 2500
(A) n .2n (B) n.2n–1 (C) – 99 × 50 (D) 99 × 50
(C) n.2 n+3 (D) n.2n–3

PO
Q.23 Number of terms free from radical sign in
n the expansion of (1 + 31/3 + 71/7)10 is-
Q.14 If n > 2 than ∑ (− 1)
r =0
r
(n – r) (n – r + 1)Cr = (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8

(A) 0 (B) n Q.24 If (15Cr + 15Cr–1) (15C15–r + 15C16 –r) = (16C13)2,

(C) 2n (D) (n – 1) 2n–1 then the value of r is -
(A) r = 3 (B) r = 2
Question
based on Application of Binomial theorem (C) r = 4 (D) None of these
R
Q.15 The coefficient of xm in Question
based on Multinomial theorem
(1 + x)k + (1 + x)k + 1 + ….. + (1 + x)n, (k ≤ m ≤ n),
is given by Q.25 The coefficient of x3y4z in the expansion of
EE

(A) n + 1Cm (B) nCm (1 + x + y – z)9 is-

(C) n – 1Cm – 1 (D) n + 1Cm + 1 (A) 2 · 9C7 · 7C4 (B) –2 · 9C2 · 7C3
(C) C7 · C4
9 7 (D) None of these
Q.16 If the coefficients of (2r + 4)th, (r – 2)th
terms in the expansion of (1 + x)18 are Q.26 Which of the following is the coefficient of
equal, then r is-
R

a8b6c4 in the expansion of (a + b + c)18.

(A) 4 (B) 6 (i) 18C14 · 14C8 (ii) 18C10 · 10C6
(C) 8 (D) None of these (iii) C6 · C8
18 12 (iv) 18C4 · 14C6
(A) Only (i)
CA

Q.17 Let (5 + 2 6 )n = p + f where n ∈ N and p ∈ N (B) (i) & (ii)

and 0 < f < 1 then the value of f 2 – f + pf – p is (C) (ii), (iii) & (iv)
(A) a natural number (D) All (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)
(B) a negative integer
(C) a prime number Q.27 The number of terms in the expansion of
n
(D) an irrational number ⎛ 2 1 ⎞
⎜ x + 1 + 2 ⎟ , n ∈ N, is-
⎝ x ⎠
Q.18 If mC3 + mC4 > m + 1C3, then least value of m
(A) 2n (B) 3n
is -
(C) 2n + 1 (D) 3n + 1
(A) 6 (B) 7
(C) 5 (D) None of these

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 137

 EXERCISE (Level-2)
Single correct answer type questions Q.8 If (1+ x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 +....+ Cnxn, then
C1 2C2 3C3 nCn
+ + +.......+ =
Q.1 If 6th term in the expansion of C0 C1 C2 Cn −1
8
⎛ 1 2 ⎞ n
⎜ 8 / 3 + x log10 x ⎟ is 5600, then x is equal (A) (B) n (n + 1)
⎝x ⎠ 2
to- n(n + 1) n(n + 1)
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) (D)
12 2
(C) 9 (D) None of these

T
Q.9 The coefficient of the middle term in the
Q.2 If the sum of the coefficients in the
expansion of (α2x2 – 2αx +1)51 vanishes, binomial expansion in powers of x of (1 + αx)4

IN
then the value of α is - and of (1 – αx)6 is the same if α equals-
(A) 2 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) –2 5 10
(A) – (B)
3 3
Q.3 The sum of 12 terms of the series 3 3
1 12 1 12 1 (C) – (D)

PO
12C1. + C2 . + C3 . + .... is - 10 5
3 9 27
12 12
⎛4⎞ ⎛3⎞ Q.10 The coefficient of x5 in the expansion of
(A) ⎜ ⎟ – 1 (B) ⎜ ⎟ – 1
⎝3⎠ ⎝4⎠ (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 is-
12
⎛3⎞ (A) 30 (B) 60
(C) ⎜ ⎟ + 1 (D) None of these
⎝4⎠ (C) 40 (D) None of these

Q.4 The sum of the coefficients in the Q.11 The term independent of x in the expansion
R
expansion of (a + 2b + c)10 is - 8
⎛ 1⎞
(A) 410 (B) 310 (C) 210 (D) 104 of (1 – x + 2x3) ⎜ x 2 − ⎟ is given by -
⎝ x⎠
EE

n
1
n
r t (A) –56 (B) 56
Q.5 If s = ∑
r =0
n
Cr
and t = ∑
r =0
n
Cr
, then
s
is (C) 0 (D) None of these

equal to-
Q.12 The expression
1 1
(A) n (B) n–1 5 5
2 2 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜ x + (x3 −1) 2 ⎟ + ⎜ x − ( x 3 − 1) 2 ⎟
R

2n − 1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(C) n – 1 (D) ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2
is a polynomial of degree-
CA

10 (A) 5 (B) 6
Q.6 ∑
k =0
20
Ck = (C) 7 (D) 8

1 20
(A) 219 + C10 (B) 219 Q.13 The greatest value of the term independent
2
of x in the expansion of (x sin α + x–1 cos α)10,
(C) 20C10 (D) None of these
α ∈ R, is-
5 10 !
Q.7 The value of 95C4 + ∑
j =1
100 − j
C3 is - (A) 25 (B)
(5 ! )2
1 10 !
(A) 95C5 (B) 100C4 (C) . (D) None of these
5
(C) 99C4 (D) 100C5 2 (5 ! )2

138 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.14 The coefficient of xn–2 in the polynomial Q.21 If the (r + 1)th term in the expansion of
(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) ...(x – n) is- 21
⎛ a b ⎞⎟
2
n (n + 2) (3n + 1) ⎜3 + contains same powers of
(A) ⎜ b 3
a ⎟⎠
24 ⎝
2
n (n − 1) (3n + 2) a and b, then the value of r is -
(B)
24 (A) 9 (B) 10
n (n2 + 1) (3n + 4 ) (C) 8 (D) 6
(C)
24
(D) None of these Q.22 The coefficient of 1/x in the expansion of
n
⎛ 1⎞
(1+ x)n ⎜1 + ⎟ is -

T
Q.15 Let n ∈ N and n < ( 2 + 1)6. Then the ⎝ x⎠
greatest value of n is -
n! (2n ) !
(A) 199 (B) 198 (A) (B)

IN
(n − 1)! (n + 1)! (n − 1)! (n + 1)!
(C) 197 (D) 196
(2n) !
(C) (D) None of these
Q.16 If (1 + x – 2x2)8
= a0 + a1x + a2x2
+......+ a16x16, (2n − 1)! (2n + 1)!
then the sum a1 + a3 + a5 +...+ a15 is equal

PO
to Q.23 The sum of the terms of the series
(A) – 27 (B) 27 [3.nC0 – 8.nC1 + 13.nC2 –18.nC3 +.....+ (n +1) terms]
(C) 28 (D) None of these is-
(A) 3. 2n –5n.2n-1 (B) 0
Q.17 The coefficient of x10 in the expansion of (C) 3.2 + 5n.2
n n-1 (D) None of these
(1 + x2 – x3)8 is -
(A) 476 (B) 496 Q.24 The value of
(C) 506 (D) 528
R
(183 + 73 + 3.18.7.25)
6
,
Q.18 If (1 + x + 2x2)20= a0 + a1x + a2x2+...... 3 + 6.243.2 +15.81.4 + 20.27.8 +15.9.16+ 6.3.32+ 64
...+ a40x40, then a1 + a3 + a5 +.......+ a37 equals - is -
EE

(A) 219 (220 – 21) (B) 220 (219 – 19) (A) 1 (B) 5
(C) 219 (220 + 21) (D) None of these (C) 25 (D) 100

Q.19 If (1 + x – 2x2)6 = 1 + C1x + C2x2 + C3x3 + ....... ....+ Q.25 If the coefficients of four consecutive terms in
C12 x12, then the value of C2 + C4 + C6 + ...+ C12 the expansion of (1 + x)n are a1, a2, a3 and a4,
R

is - a1 a2 a3
(A) 30 (B) 32 then , , are in -
a1 + a2 a2 + a3 a3 + a4
(C) 31 (D) None of these
(A) A.P. (B) G.P.
CA

Q.20 If C0, C1, C2, ....Cn are binomial coefficients (C) H.P. (D) None of these
of different terms in the expansion of
Q.26 If 'a' be the sum of the odd terms and 'b'
(1+ x)n then C0 – 2.C1+ 3.C2 – 4.C3 + .....
the sum of the even terms of the expansion
+ (–1)n .(n + 1)Cn equals- of (1 + x)n, then (1 – x2)n =
(A) –n.2n–1 (B) 0 (A) a2 – b2 (B) a2 + b2
(C) 2n–1. (2 – n) (D) None of these (C) b – a
2 2 (D) None of these

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 139

 EXERCISE (Level-3)
Part-A : Multiple correct answer type questions (A) a = b
(B) (x – a)2 – (x – b)2 = 0
Q.1 If the second, third and fourth terms in the (C) sin2 a + cos2 b = 1
expansion of (a + b)n are 135, 30 and 10/3 (D) ab = 1
respectively, then
20
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(A) a = 3 (B) b = Q.7 In the expansion of ⎜⎜ 3 4 + 4 ⎟⎟
3 ⎝ 6⎠
(C) n = 5 (D) a + n = 8 (A) the number of rational terms = 4

T
(B) the number of irrational terms = 19
Q.2 If n is a positive integer and (3 3 + 5)2n+1 = α + β (C) the middle term is irrational
where α is an integer and 0 < β < 1 then (D) the number of irrational terms = 17

IN
which of the following is true -
(A) α is an even integer Q.8 79 + 97 is divisible by
(B) (α + β)2 is divisible by 22n+1 (A) 16 (B) 24
(C) 64 (D) 72
(C) the integer just below (3 3 + 5)2n+1
divisible by 3

PO
Q.9 If (1 + x)2n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +...+a2nx2n then -
(D) α is divisible by 10 1
(A) a0 + a2 + a4 +...= (a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 +...)
2
30
⎛ 2 1 ⎞⎟ (B) an+1< an
Q.3 In the expansion of ⎜ x 3 – , a term (C) an–3 = an+3
⎜ x ⎟
⎝ ⎠ (D) None of these
containing the x13
(A) does not exist Q.10 If n –1Cr = (k2 – 3) nCr+1, then k can be -
R
(B) exists and its coefficient is divisible by 29 (A) 2 (B) – 3
(C) exists and its coefficient is divisible by 63
(D) exists and its coefficient is divisible by 65 (C) 3 (D) –2
EE

Q.4 The term independent of x in the expansion Q.11 The value(s) of integer ‘n’ for which 3512 – 1
n is divisible by 2n is/are
⎛ 1⎞
of (1 + x)n · ⎜1 − ⎟ is (A) 3 (B) 7
⎝ x⎠ (C) 11 (D) 13
(A) 0, if n is odd
n −1 15
(− 1) 2 · n C n −1 , if n is odd ⎛ 3⎞
R

(B) Q.12 In the expansion of ⎜ 4 x 2 – ⎟ which of

2 ⎝ x⎠
(C) (–1)n/2. nCn/2, if n is even the following is true ?
(D) None of these (A) The sum of coefficients is 1
CA

(B) The sum of binomial coefficients is 215

Q.5 In the expansion of (x + y + z)25 (C) The numerically greatest coefficient is
(A) every term is of the form 25Cr· rCk·x25–r·yr–k · zk 15C621836

(B) the coefficient of x8 y9 z9 is 0 (D) The term independent of x is 15C10.610

(C) the number of terms is 325
(D) None of these Q.13 If the coefficient of x2r is greater than half
the coefficient of x2r + 1 in the expansion of
Q.6 The sum of the coefficients in the (1 + x)15, then the possible value(s) of ‘r’
expansion of (1 – 2x + 5x2)n is a and the is/are
sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (A) 5 (B) 6
(1 + x)2n is b. Then (C) 7 (D) 8

140 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.14 The value/s of ‘y’ for which the 6th term in Part-C : Column Matching type Questions
8
⎧ 1 ⎫
the expansion of ⎨( y2 + 5)1 / 3 + 1/5 ⎬
is Q.18 Match the column:
⎩ ( y + 1) ⎭
Column-I Column-II
168, is/are (A) If (r + 1) term is the first (P) divisible by 2
th

(A) 0 (B) 1 negative term in the

(C) 2 (D) 3 expansion of (1 + x)7/2,
then the value of r (where
Q.15 If λ is the maximum value of middle term |x| < 1) is
(B) The coefficient of y in the (Q) divisible by 5
in the expansion of (sin θ + cos θ)6 (where θ

T
5
⎛ 1⎞
is variable), then λ is less than expansion of ⎜⎜ y2 + ⎟⎟ is
⎝ y⎠
(A) 3 (B) 4

IN
(C) nCr is divisible by n (R) divisible by 10
(C) 5 (D) 6
(1 ≤ r < n) if n is always
(D) The coefficient of x4 in (S) a prime number
Part-B : Assertion Reason type Questions the expression (1 + 2x +
The following questions 16 to 17 consists of 3x2 + 4x3 + …. upto ∞)1/2

PO
two statements each, printed as Statement is c, (c ∈ N), then c + 1
(where |x| < 1) is
(1) and Statement (2). While answering these
questions you are to choose any one of the 2n

following four responses.

Q.19 If (1 + x + x2)n = ∑a x
r =0
r
r
and

(A) If both Statement (1) and Statement (2) n

are true & the Statement (2) is correct (1 + x)n = ∑C x r
r
then match the following
R
r =0
explanation of the Statement (1).
Column-I Column-II
(B) If both Statement (1) and Statement (2)
(A) a02 − a12 + a22 − a32 + ..... + a22n = (P) 0
are true but Statement (2) is not correct
EE

(B) a0a1 – a1a2 + a2a3 – a3a4 +….. (Q) an + r

explanation of the Statement (1).
….. –a2n–1a2 =
(C) If Statement (1) is true but Statement (2) (C) a0a2r – a1a2r+1 + a2a2r+2 +…... (R) nCn/3
is false. ...+ a2n – 2ra2n =
(D) If Statement (1) is false but Statement (2) n (S) an
(D) ∑ ( −1) a r n
Cr is equal to if n = 3x
R

r
is true
r =0

Q.16 Statement (1) : If n is even then Part-D : Passage based objective questions
CA

2nC1 + 2nC3 + 2nC5 + .........+ 2nCn–1 = 22n–1 Passage # 1 (Q. 20 to 22)

Statement (2) : Let P be a product given by
2nC1 + 2nC3 + 2nC5+ … + 2nC2n–1 = 22n–1 P = (x + a1) (x + a2) …… (x + an) and let
n
S1 = a1 + a2 + ..…+ an = ∑ a i , S2 = ∑∑ai.aj ,
Q.17 Statement (1) : If n is an odd prime then i =1 i< j

[( 5 + 2)n] – 2n+1 is divisible by 20n, where

S3 = ∑ ∑∑ a .a .a
i< j<k
i j k and so on, then it

[.] denotes greatest integer function. can be shown that

Statement (2) : If n is prime then nC1, P = xn + S1 xn–1 + S2 xn–2 + ….+ Sn
nC2,……, nCn–1 must be divisible by n.
__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 141
Q.20 The coefficient of x8 in the expression Part-E : Numeric Response Type Questions
(2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 must be
(A) 26 (B) 27 Q.26 When 2301 is divided by 5, the least positive
(C) 28 (D) 29 remainder is

Q.21 The coefficient of x203 in the expression

Q.27 Let n be an odd natural number greater
(x – 1) (x2 – 2) (x3 – 3) ……(x20 – 20) must be
than 1. Then the number of zeros at the
(A) 11 (B) 12
end of the sum 99n + 1 is
(C) 13 (D) 15

Q.22 The coefficient of x98 in the expression of Q.28 The values of x, for which the 6th term in

T
(x – 1) (x – 2) …… (x – 100) must be the expansion of
(A) 12 + 22 + 32 +……..+ 1002 7
⎛ log 2 ( 9 x −1 + 7 ) 1 ⎞
(B) (1 + 2 + 3 + …….+ 100)2 ⎜2 + ⎟ is 84 are

IN
⎜ (1 / 5 ) log 2 ( 3 x −1 +1) ⎟
– (12 + 22 + 32 + …..+ 1002) ⎝ 2 ⎠
1 x1 & x2 then x1 + x2 is
(C) [(1 + 2 + 3 +…..+ 100)2
2
n
– (12 + 22 + 32 +…..+ 1002)] ⎛ 1 ⎞
Q.29 In the binomial expansion of ⎜⎜ 3 2 + 3 ⎟⎟ ,

PO
(D) None of these ⎝ 3⎠

Passage # 2 (Q. 23 to 25) the ratio of the 7th term from the beginning
If n and x are positive integers then by to the 7th term from the end is 1 : 6 ; find n.
binomial theorem (1 + x)n = 1 + nC1x + nC2x2
m
+ nC3x3 +… The RHS can be written in ⎛10 ⎞ ⎛ 20 ⎞ ⎛ p⎞
several ways. For instance (1 + x)n = 1 +
Q.30 sum ∑ ⎜⎜⎝ i ⎟⎟⎠ ⎜⎜⎝ m − i ⎟⎟⎠ , (where ⎜⎜⎝ q ⎟⎟⎠ = 0 if p < q)
i =0
(a multiple of x) = 1 + λx where λ is an
is maximum for m = α, then α/3 is equal to
R
integer.
OR Part-F : Subjective Type Questions
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + λx2 = 1 + nx + a multiple
EE

of x2 etc. From the last representation we In all the questions given below you
can conclude that (1 + x)n –1 – nx is have to consider Cr = nCr & (1 + x)n =
divisible by x2. n

Q.23 If n ≥ 5 the expression 22n+ 1

– 9n2
+ 3n – 2
∑
r =0
n
Cr x r .
R

must be divisible by
Q.31 Find the value of :
(A) 36 (B) 48
(C) 54 (D) None of these C02 − C12 + C22 − C32 + .... + ( −1)n Cn2
CA

Q.24 If f(n) = 52n+2 – 24n – 25 then select the best Q.32 Prove that
choice from the following choices (1.2)C2 + (2.3)C3 +.... ((n – 1).n)Cn
(A) f(n) is divisible by 12 for all n = n (n – 1) 2n–2
(B) f(n) is divisible by 24 for all n
(C) f(n) is divisible by 576 for all n Q.33 Prove that,
(D) f(n) is divisible by 243 for all n C1 C C 2n − 1
+ 3 + 5 +........ =
2 4 6 n +1
Q.25 The last three digits of the number 31000
must be n
Cr 3n +1 − 2n +1
(A) 249
(C) 001
(B) 751
(D) 003
Q.34 Prove that ∑ (r + 1) 2
r =0
r +1
=
(n + 1) 2n +1
.

142 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.35 If P = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ...+ (a + nd) and Q.39 Given p + q = 1,
S = a + (a + d). nC1 + (a + 2d).nC2 +........+ n

(a + nd).nCn then prove that (n + 1) S = 2n.P show that ∑r

r =0
2
.nCr. pr.qn–r = np [(n – 1)p + 1]

Q.36 Prove that

Q.40 Find the coefficients of x50 in the
C2 C2 Cn2 (2n + 1) ! polynomials obtained after parentheses
C02 + 1 + 2 + ...... + =
2 3 n +1 {(n + 1) ! }2 have been removed and like terms have
been collected in the expansions
Q.37 Show that (i) (1 + x)1000 + x (1 + x)999 + x2 (1 + x)998 +
n
Cr . 3r + 4 ......... + x1000
∑ (r + 1 ) (r + 2 ) (r + 3 ) (r + 4 )

T
(ii) (1 + x) + 2 (1 + x)2 + 3 (1 + x)3 +.........
r =0
...+ 1000 (1 + x)1000
1 ⎡ n+4 3 n+4 ⎤
∑

IN
= ⎢4 − C s .3 s ⎥
(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3 ) (n + 4 ) ⎢⎣ s =0 ⎥⎦ Q.41 Find the coefficient of x49 in the polynomial
⎛ C ⎞⎛ C ⎞ ⎛ C ⎞ ⎛ C ⎞
⎜ x − 1 ⎟ ⎜ x − 22 2 ⎟ ⎜ x − 32 3 ⎟ … ⎜ x − 502 50 ⎟
Q.38 Prove that ⎜ ⎟ ⎜
C0 ⎠ ⎝ ⎟ ⎜
C1 ⎠ ⎝ ⎟
C2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎜ C49 ⎟⎠
⎝
C0 – 22. C1 + 32 . C2 – ....+ (–1)n (n + 1)2 Cn = 0, where Cr = 50Cr .

PO
n>2
R
EE
R
CA

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 143

 EXERCISE (Level-4)
Old Examination Questions
Section-A [JEE Main] Q.6 Statement- 1:
n
Q.1 If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th and (r + 2)th ∑ (r + 1)
r =0
nC r = (n + 2) 2n–1
terms in the binomial expansion of (1 + y)m
are in A.P., then m and r satisfy the equation - Statement -2:
[AIEEE-2005] n

(A) m –m (4r – 1) + 4r – 2 = 0
2 2 ∑ (r + 1) nC r xr = (1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n–1

T
r =0
(B) m2 – m (4r + 1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0
(C) m2 – m (4r + 1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0 [AIEEE-2008]

IN
(D) m2 – m (4r – 1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0 (A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
11
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤ Statement-1
Q.2 If the coefficient of x7 in ⎢ax 2 + ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ bx ⎠⎦ (B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
equals the coefficient of Statement-2 is not a correct explanation

PO
x–7 in
⎡
11 for Statement-1
⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
⎢ax − ⎜ 2 ⎟⎥ , then a and b satisfy the (C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
⎣ ⎝ bx ⎠⎦
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
relation - [AIEEE-2005]
(A) a – b = 1 (B) a + b = 1
a Q.7 The remainder left out when 82n – (62)2n+1
(C) =1 (D) ab = 1
b is divided by 9 is- [AIEEE-2009]
R
(A) 0 (B) 2
Q.3 For natural numbers m, n if (C) 7 (D) 8
(1 – y)m (1 + y)n = 1 + a1y + a2y2 + ...., and
EE

a1 = a2 = 10, then (m, n) is- [AIEEE 2006] 10 10

(A) (35, 20)
(C) (35, 45)
(B) (45, 35)
(D) (20, 45)
Q.8 Let S1 = ∑j =1
j( j − 1) 10C j , S2 = ∑j
j =1
10
Cj and

10
Q.4 In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n ≥ 5, S3 = ∑j 2 10
Cj.
the sum of 5th and 6th terms is zero, then j =1
R

a Statement – 1 : S3 = 55 × 29.
equals- [AIEEE 2007]
b Statement – 2 : S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28.
5 6
CA

(A) (B) [AIEEE-2010]

n−4 n−5 (A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
n−5 n−4 Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
(C) (D)
6 5
Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
Q.5 The sum of the series
20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + …… – ….. + 20C10 Statement-2 is not a correct explanation
is- [AIEEE 2007] for Statement-1.
1 (C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(A) – 20C10 (B) 20C10
2 (D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(C) 0 (D) 20C10

144 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.9 The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of Q.16 If the 7th term in the binomial expansion of
(1 – x – x2 + x3)6 is : [AIEEE-2011] 9
⎛ 3 ⎞
(A) 144 (B) –132 (C) –144 (D) 132 ⎜ + 3 ln x ⎟⎟ , x > 0, is equal to 729,
⎜3
⎝ 84 ⎠
Q.10 The middle term in the expansion of then x can be - [JEE Main Online - 2013]
n
⎛ 1⎞ e
n
⎜1 − ⎟ (1 − x ) in powers of x is % (A) e2 (B) e (C) (D) 2e
⎝ x⎠ 2

[AIEEE Online - 2012]

2n Q.17 The sum of the rational terms in the
(A) − Cn −1 (B) −2n Cn
10

T
2n 2n ⎛ 1 1⎞
(C) Cn (D) Cn −1 binomial expansion of ⎜ 2 2 + 3 5 ⎟ is :
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

IN
Q.11 If f(y) = 1 – (y – 1) + (y – 1)2 – (y – 1)3 + …– (y – 1)17
[JEE Main Online - 2013]
then the coefficient of y2 in it is %
(A) 25 (B) 32 (C) 9 (D) 41
[AIEEE Online - 2012]
17 18 17 18
(A) C3 (B) C3 (C) C2 (D) C2 Q.18 If for positive integers r > 1, n > 2, the

PO
coefficients of the (3r)th and (r + 2)th powers of
Q.12 If n = mC2 , then the value of n
C2 is given x in the expansion of (1 + x)2n and equal, then
n is equal to: [JEE Main Online - 2013]
by % [AIEEE Online - 2012]
(A) 2r + 1 (B) 2r – 1 (C) 3r (D) r + 1
(A) 2( m+ 2 C4 ) (B) m−1
C4
m+1
(C) C4 (D) 3( m+1 C4 ) Q.19 If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the
R
expansion of (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in
Q.13 The number of terms in the expansion of powers of x are both zero, then (a, b) is
(y1/5 + x1/10)55, in which powers of x and y equal to : [JEE Main- 2014]
EE

are free from radical signs are : ⎛ 272 ⎞ ⎛ 251 ⎞

(A) ⎜16, ⎟ (B) ⎜16, ⎟
[AIEEE Online - 2012] ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
(A) Twelve (B) Seven
⎛ 251 ⎞ ⎛ 272 ⎞
(C) Six (D) Five (C) ⎜14, ⎟ (D) ⎜14, ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
R

Q.14 The term independent of x in expansion of

Q.20 The number of terms in the expansion of
10
⎛ x +1 x −1 ⎞ (1 + x)101 (1 + x2 – x)100 in powers of x is :
⎜ 2/3 − ⎟ is -
CA

⎝x − x + 1 x − x1 / 2 ⎠
1/3
[JEE Main Online - 2014]
[JEE Main- 2013] (A) 302 (B) 301
(A) 210 (B) 310 (C) 4 (D) 120 (C) 202 (D) 101

Q.15 The ratio of the coefficient of x15 to the Q.21 The coefficient of x1012 in the expansion of
(1 + xn + x253)10, (where n ≤ 22 is any
term independent of x in the expansion of
15
positive integer), is :
⎛ 2 2⎞ [JEE Main Online - 2014]
⎜ x + ⎟ is : [JEE Main Online - 2013]
⎝ x⎠
(A) 1 (B) 10C4
(A) 7 : 16 (B) 7 : 64 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 1 : 32 (C) 4n (D) 253C4

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 145

 55 15
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ 15
Cr ⎞⎟
Q.22 If ⎜ 2 + ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
is expanded in the ascending Q.28 The value of ∑
r
r2 ⎜
=1 ⎝
⎜ 15
Cr –1 ⎟⎠
is equal to -

powers of x and the coefficients of power of [JEE Main Online - 2016]

x in two consecutive terms of the expansion (A) 560 (B) 680 (C) 1240 (D) 1085
are equal, then these terms are :
[JEE Main Online -2014]
Q.29 If the coefficients of x–2 and x–4 in the
(A) 7 and 8
th th (B) 8th and 9th 18
(C) 28th and 29th (D) 27th and 28th ⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ 1 ⎟
expansion of ⎜ x 3 + 1 ⎟ , (x > 0), are m
Q.23 The coefficient of x50 in the binomial expansion ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2x 3 ⎠

T
of (1 +x)1000 + x (1 + x)999 + x2 (1 + x)998 + ….. + x1000
m
is : [JEE Main Online -2014] and n respectively, then is equal to :
n

IN
(1000 )! (1000 )!
(A) (B) [JEE Main Online - 2016]
(50)! (950)! (49)! (951)!
5 4
(1001)! (1001)! (A) 27 (B) (C) 182 (D)
(C) (D) 4 5
(51)! (950)! (50)! (951)!

PO
10

Q.24 If 1 + x4 + x5 = ∑
5
ai (1 + x)i, for all x in R,
Q.30 The sum ∑ (r
r =1
2
+ 1) × (r!) is equal to :

i =0
[JEE Main Online - 2016]
then a2 is : [JEE Main Online - 2014]
(A) 11 × (11!) (B) (11)!
(A) –4 (B) 6 (C) –8 (D) 10
(C) 101 × (10!) (D) 10 × (11!)

Q.25 The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x n +2

C6
Q.31 If = 11, then n satisfies the equation :
R
50 n–2
in the binomial expansion of (1 − 2 x ) is : P2
[JEE Main - 2015] [JEE Main Online - 2016]
1 50 1 50 (A) + n – 110 = 0 (B) n2 + 5n – 84 = 0
n2
EE

(A) (3 + 1) (B) (3 )
2 2 (C) n2 + 3n – 108 = 0 (D) n2 + 2n – 80 = 0
1 50 1 50
(C) (3 – 1) (D) (2 + 1) Q.32 The value of (21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) +
2 2
(21C3 – 10C3) + (21C4 – 10C4) + ... + (21C10 – 10C10)
is [JEE Main - 2017]
Q.26 The term independent of x in the binomial
R

(A) 221 – 210 (B) 220 – 29

⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1⎞
8 (C) 220– 210 (D) 221 – 211
expansion of ⎜1 − + 3x 5 ⎟⎜ 2x 2 − ⎟ is :
⎝ x ⎠⎝ x⎠
Q.33 If (27)999 is divided by 7, then the remainder
CA

[JEE Main Online - 2015] is - [JEE Main Online - 2017]

(A) 400 (B) 496 (C) – 400 (D) – 496 (A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 6 (D) 2

Q.27 If the coefficients of the three successive Q.34 The coefficient of x–5 in the binomial expansion
10
terms in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n ⎛ ⎞
⎜ x +1 x –1 ⎟
are in the ratio 1 : 7 : 42, then the first of of ⎜ 2 1
– 1 ⎟ where x ≠ 0, 1 is -
these terms in the expansion is : ⎜ 3 ⎟
⎝ x – x 3 +1 x – x 2 ⎠
[JEE Main Online - 2015] [JEE Main Online - 2017]
(A) 7th (B) 9th (C) 8th (D) 6th (A) –1 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) – 4

146 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.35 The sum of the co-efficients of all odd 20 ⎛ 20 ⎞
3
C i −1⎟ = k then k is equal
degree terms in the expansion of Q.41 If ∑ ⎜
⎜
i =1 ⎝
20
C i + C i −1 ⎟⎠
20 21
5 5
⎛ x + x 3 − 1 ⎞ + ⎛ x − x 3 − 1 ⎞ , (x > 1) is to [JEE Main-2019]
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
(A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 50 (D) 400
[JEE Main - 2018]
(A) –1 (B) 0 Q.42 If the third term in the binomial
(C) 1 (D) 2
expansion of (1 + x )
log 2 x 5
equals 2560,
then a possible value of x is –
Q.36 If n is the degree of the polynomial.
[JEE Main-2019]

T
8 8
⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤ 1 1
⎢ ⎥ +⎢ ⎥ (A) 2 2 (B) 4 2 (C) (D)
3 3
⎣⎢ 5x + 1 − 5x − 1 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ 5x 3 + 1 + 5x 3 − 1 ⎦⎥ 8 4

IN
and m is the coefficient of xn in it, then
25
the ordered pair (n, m) is equal to Q.43 If ∑{ 50
C r . 50 − r C25 − r } = K(50C25), then Κ
[JEE-Main Online-2018] r =0

(A) (12, (20) )

4 (B) (8, 5(10)4) is equal to - [JEE Main-2019]

PO
(C) (24, (10)8) (D) (12, 8(10)4) (A) 224 (B) 225 – 1 (C) 225 (D) (25)2

Q.37 The coefficient of x10 in the expansion of Q.44 The positive value of λ for which the
(1 + x)2 (1 + x2)3 (1 + x3)4 is equal to - co-efficient of x2 in the expression
10
[JEE-Main Online-2018] ⎛ λ ⎞
x2 ⎜ x + 2 ⎟ is 720, is –
(A) 52 (B) 44 ⎝ x ⎠
(C) 50 (D) 56 [JEE Main-2019]
R
(A) 4 (B) 2 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
Q.38 The coefficient of in the expansion of the
x2
product (2 – x2).((1 + 2x + 3x2)6 + (1 – 4x2)6) Q.45 The value of r for which 20Cr 20C0 + 20Cr–1
EE

is - [JEE-Main Online-2018] 20C1 + 20Cr–2 20C2 + .... + 20C0 20Cr is

(A) 106 (B) 107 maximum, is [JEE Main-2019]

(C) 155 (D) 108 (A) 20 (B) 15 (C) 10 (D) 11

2403 Q.46 The sum of the real values of x for which

R

Q.39 If the fractional part of the number the middle term in the binomial
15
8
k ⎛ x3 3 ⎞
is , then k is equal to : expansion of ⎜⎜ + ⎟⎟ equals 5670 is :
CA

15 ⎝ 3 x⎠
[JEE Main-2019] [JEE Main-2019]
(A) 8 (B) 14 (C) 6 (D) 4 (A) 0 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 4

Q.47 Let (x + 10)50 + (x – 10)50 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +

Q.40 The coefficient of t4 in the expansion of
a
3 .... + a50x50, for all x ∈ R; then 2 is equal
⎛1 – t6 ⎞ a0
⎜ ⎟ is : [JEE Main-2019]
⎜ 1–t ⎟ to [JEE Main-2019]
⎝ ⎠
(A) 12.25 (B) 12.75 (C) 12.00 (D) 12.50
(A) 15 (B) 10 (C) 14 (D) 12

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 147

Q.48 A ratio of the 5th term from the beginning Q.56 If the coefficients of x2 and x3 are both
to the 5th term from the end in the zero, in the expansion of the expression
10
⎛ 1 ⎞ (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 3x)15 in powers of x,
binomial expansion of ⎜⎜ 21 / 3 + ⎟
⎝ 2(3)1 / 3 ⎟⎠ then the ordered pair (a,b) is equal to :
is : [JEE Main-2019] [JEE Main-2019]
(A) 1 : 2(6)1/ 3
(B) 1 : 4(16)1/ 3 (A) (28, 861) (B) (28, 315)
(C) 2(36)1/ 3 : 1 (D) 4(36)1/ 3 : 1 (C) (–21, 714) (D) (–54, 315)
Q.57 The smallest natural number n, such
Q.49 If nC4, nC5 and nC6 are in A.P., then n can
that the coefficient of x in the expansion
be : [JEE Main-2019]

T
n
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 9 (D) 14 ⎛ 1 ⎞
of ⎜ x 2 + 3 ⎟ is nC23, is: JEE Main-2019]
Q.50 The total number of irrational terms in ⎝ x ⎠

IN
the binomial expansion of (71/5 – 31/10)60 (A) 23 (B) 58 (C) 38 (D) 35
is: [JEE Main-2019]
Q.58 The coefficient of x18 in the product
(A) 54 (B) 55 (C) 49 (D) 48
(1 + x) (1 – x)10 (1 + x + x2)9 is :
Q.51 The sum of the co-efficients of all even [JEE Main-2019]
degree terms in x in the expansion of (A) 126 (B) – 84 (C) – 126 (D) 84

PO
(x + x 3 − 1 )6 + (x – x 3 − 1 )6, (x > 1) is
equal to - [JEE Main-2019] Q.59 If 20C1 + (22) 20C2 + (32) 20C3 + .....
(A) 24 (B) 26 (C) 29 (D) 32 + (202)20C20 = A(2β), then the ordered pair
(A, β) is equal to : [JEE Main-2019]
Q.52 The sum of the series 2·20C0 + 5·20C1 +
(A) (420, 19) (B) (420, 18)
8·20C2 + 11·20C3 + …. + 62·20C20 is equal
to - [JEE Main-2019] (C) (380, 18) (D) (380, 19)
(A) 223 (B) 225 (C) 226 (D) 224
Q.60 The term independent of x in the
R
Q.53 If the fourth term in the binomial ⎛ 1 x 8 ⎞ ⎛ 2 3 ⎞6
6 expansion ⎜⎜of – ⎟⎟ . ⎜ 2x – 2 ⎟ is
⎛
⎜ 1
1 ⎞
⎟ ⎝ 60 81 ⎠ ⎝ x ⎠
EE

expansion of ⎜ + x ⎟ is equal
12
equal to : [JEE Main-2019]
⎜ x 1+ log10 x ⎟
⎝ ⎠ (A) –36 (B) –108 (C) 36 (D) –72
to 200, and x > 1, then the value of x is –
[JEE Main-2019] Q.61 If the sum of the coefficients of all even
(A) 10 (B) 103 (C) 100 (D) 104 powers of x in the product
R

(1 + x + x2 +….+ x2n) (1 – x + x2 –x3 +…..+

Q.54 If the fourth term in the Binomial
6
x2n) is 61, then n is equal to
⎛2 ⎞ [JEE Main-2020]
expansion of ⎜ + x log8 x ⎟ (x > 0) is
⎝ x ⎠
CA

Q.62 If Cr = 25Cr and C0 + 5·C1 + 9·C2 + …. +

20 × 8 , then a value of x is :
7
(101)·C25 = 225·k, then k is equal to
[JEE Main-2019]
___________. [JEE Main-2020]
(A) 82 (B) 83 (C) 8 (D) 8–2
n
⎛ 1⎞
Q.55 If some three coefficients in the binomial Q.63 For a positive integer n, ⎜1 + ⎟ is
⎝ x⎠
expansion of (x + 1)n in powers of x are in
expanded in increasing powers of x. If
the ratio 2 : 15 : 70, then the average of
three consecutive coefficients in this
these three coefficients is : expansion are in the ratio, 2 : 5 : 12, then
[JEE Main-2019] n is equal to________. [JEE Main-2020]
(A) 232 (B) 964 (C) 625 (D) 227 Official Ans. by NTA (118)

148 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.64 If the fourth term in the expansion of Q.2 For r = 0, 1, …,10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote,
(x + xlog 2 )7 is 4480, then the value of x respectively, the coefficient of xr in the
where x ∈ N is equal to expansions of (1 + x)10, (1 + x)20 and (1 + x)30.
[JEE Main-2021] 10
(A) 2
(C) 3
(B) 4
(D) 1
Then ∑ A (B
r =1
r 10 Br − C10 Ar ) is equal to

[IIT - 2010]
Q.65 The term independent of x in the
2
10 (A) B10 – C10 (B) A10 ( B10 − C10 A10 )
⎡ x +1 x −1 ⎤
expansion of ⎢ x 2 / 3 − x1 / 3 + 1 − x − x1 / 2 ⎥ , (C) 0 (D) C10 – B10
⎣ ⎦

T
x ≠ 1, is equal to ________. Q.3 The coefficients of three consecutive terms
[JEE Main-2021] of (1 + x)n + 5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14.

IN
Q.66 Let nCr denote the binomial coefficient of Then n = [JEE Advanced 2013]
xr in the expansion of (1 + x)n.
10 Q.4 Coefficient of x11 in the expansion of
If ∑ (2
k =0
2
+ 3k ) nCk = α.310 + β.210, α, β ∈ (1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 is
[JEE Advanced 2014]

PO
R, then α + β is equal to _______. (A) 1051 (B) 1106 (C) 1113 (D) 1120
[JEE Main-2021]
Q.5 The coefficient of x9 in the expansion of
Q.67 Let (1 + x + 2x2)20 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ...+
(1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) ……. (1 + x100) is
a40x40
[JEE Advanced -2015]
Then a1 + a3 + a5 + ... + a37 is equal to
[JEE Main-2021] Q.6 Let m be the smallest positive integer such
(A) 220(220 – 21)
R
that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
(B) 219(220 – 21) (1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 + .... + (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50
(C) 219(220 + 21) is (3n + 1) 51C3 for some positive integer n.
EE

(D) 220(220 + 21) Then the value of n is

[JEE Advanced -2016]
Section-B [JEE Advanced]
Q.7 Let X = (10C1)2 + 2(10C2)2 + 3(10C3)2 + ....
⎛ 30 ⎞ ⎛ 30 ⎞ ⎛ 30 ⎞ ⎛ 30 ⎞ ⎛ 30 ⎞ ⎛ 30 ⎞ …+ 10(10C10)2, where 10Cr, r ∈ {1, 2, ...,10}
Q.1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ – ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ +...... + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ =
R

denote binomial coefficients. Then, the

⎝0 ⎠ ⎝10 ⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 11 ⎠ ⎝ 20 ⎠ ⎝ 30 ⎠
1
[IIT Scr.2005] value of X is ______.
1430
⎛ 30 ⎞ ⎛ 60 ⎞ ⎛ 31 ⎞ ⎛ 31 ⎞
CA

(A) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (B) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (C) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (D) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ [JEE - Advanced 2018]

⎝10 ⎠ ⎝ 20 ⎠ ⎝10 ⎠ ⎝11 ⎠

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 149

 EXERCISE (Level-5)
Review Exercise
Q.1 Prove that 2 < f(n) < 3 for all n ∈ N, n ≥ 2 if Q.10 For any positive integers m, n (with n ≥ m),
n
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛n⎞
f(x) = ⎜1 + ⎟ . let ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = nCm. Prove that
⎝ n ⎠ ⎝m⎠
⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n − 1⎞ ⎛n − 2⎞ ⎛m⎞ ⎛ n +1 ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ +..... ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
Q.2 The coefficient of xk (0 ≤ k ≤ n) in the expansion ⎝m⎠ ⎝ m ⎠ ⎝ m ⎠ ⎝m⎠ ⎝ m + 1⎠
of E = 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x)2 +...... + (1 + x)n is-
Hence or otherwise, prove that

T
(A) n+1Ck+1
(B) n+1Cn–k ⎛n⎞ ⎛ n − 1⎞ ⎛n − 2⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 3 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ +......
(C) nCn–k–1 ⎝m⎠ ⎝ m ⎠ ⎝ m ⎠

IN
(D) both (A) and (B) ⎛m⎞ ⎛n+2⎞
..... + (n – m + 1) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ [IIT- 2000]
⎝m⎠ ⎝m + 2⎠
Q.3 If the coefficient of the 5th term be the
numerically greatest coefficient in the
Q.11 The coefficient of t24 in the expansion of
expansion of (1 – x)n, then the positive

PO
integral value of n is- (1 + t2)12 (1 + t12) (1 + t24) is-
(A) 9 (B) 8 [IIT-Scr. 2003]
(C) 7 (D) 10 (A) C6 + 2
12 (B) C6 + 1
12

(C) C6 + 3
12 (D) 12C6
Q.4 Find the co-efficient of x9 in the polynomial
given by, (x + 1) (x + 2)…...(x + 10) + Q.12 Prove that :
(x + 2) (x + 3).......(x + 11) +…….+ ⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞ ⎛ n − 1⎞
R
(x + 11) (x + 12) ….....(x + 20). 2k ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ – 2k–1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 2k–2
⎝0⎠ ⎝k⎠ ⎝1 ⎠ ⎝ k − 1⎠
(72) ! ⎛n⎞ ⎛n − 2⎞ ⎛n⎞ ⎛n − k⎞ ⎛n⎞
Q.5 Prove that – 1 is divisible by 73. ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ..... + (–1)k ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
EE

(36 ! ) 2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝ k − 2 ⎠ ⎝k⎠ ⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝k⎠

[IIT-2003]
Q.6 Prove that (C0 + C1) (C1 + C2) (C2 + C3) .........
C0· C1 · C2 .....Cn −1 (n + 1)n Q.13 Find the sum of the series
.... (Cn–1 + Cn) =
n! n ⎡1 3r 7r ⎤
∑
R

( −1)r nCr ⎢ r + 2r + 3r + .....upto m terms⎥

r =0 ⎢⎣ 2 2 2 ⎥⎦
Q.7 Prove that
[IIT 1985]
(2nC1)2 + 2 . (2nC2)2 + 3 . (2nC3)2 +......+ 2n . (2nC2n)2
CA

(4n − 1)! Q.14 Using mathematical induction or otherwise

= .
(2n − 1)! (2n − 1)! n

n
prove that ∑k
k =0
2 n
Ck = n (n +1) 2n–2 for n > 1

Q.8 Find the sum of series ∑ (r + 1).

r =0
2nCr.
[IIT 1986]

Q.9 Evaluate Q.15 Let R = (5 5 + 11)2n+1 and f = R – [R],

2n+1C02 + 2n+1C12 + 2n+1C22 + .....+ 2n+1Cn2.
where [ ] denotes the greatest integer
function. Prove that Rf = 42n+1. [IIT 1988]

150 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________

Q.16 Using induction or otherwise, prove that Q.26 Match the Column:
for any non-negative integers m, n, r and k, Column-I Column-II
k
( r + m) ! (r + k + 1) ! ⎡ n k ⎤ (A) If the second term in the (P) less than 5
∑ (n – m)
m =0
m!
=
k! ⎢r +1 − r + 2⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎛
⎜ 1
⎞
⎟
n

[IIT 1991] ⎜ 13 x ⎟
expansion of ⎜ x +
2n 2n
⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
Q.17 If ∑ a ( x − 2) = ∑ b ( x − 3)
r =0
r
r

r =0
r
r
and ak = 1 for ⎝
⎟
x ⎠
⎛ nC ⎞
all k ≥ n, then show that bn = 2n+1Cn+1. is 14x5/2 then ⎜ n 3 ⎟ may
[IIT 1992] ⎜ C ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
k
be
∑ ( −3)

T
r −1 3n
Q.18 Prove that C2r–1 = 0, where
1
r =1 (B) If in the expansion of (Q) –
k = (3n)/2 and n is an even positive integer. n 3
⎛ x 1 ⎞ T

IN
[IIT 1993] ⎜ 2 + x ⎟ , 3 is equal
⎝ 4 ⎠ T2
n ⎛ nC ⎞ to 7 and the sum of the
3!
Q.19 Prove that
2 ( n + 3)
= ∑ r =0
( −1)r ⎜ r + 3 r ⎟
⎜
⎝ Cr ⎟⎠
binomial coefficient of 2nd
and 3rd term is 36. Then x
[IIT-1997] may be

PO
(C) 599 is divided by 13 then (R) 8
Q.20 If n is an odd natural number then show remainder is
n (D) Digit at unit place of 17256 (S) 4
( −1)r
that ∑ r =0
n
Cr
= 0. [IIT-1998] is

Q.27 Match the column :

Q.21 Prove that
Column-I Column-II
n
r −1 ⎛ 1 1 1⎞ 1 (A) C0 + 3C1 + 5C2 + ……… = (P)2n – (n + 2)
∑ ( −1) ⎜ 1 + + + ..... + ⎟ nCr = .
2 3 r n 1
R
r =1 ⎝ ⎠ (B) nC2 + nC3 + nC4 +…+ nCn – 1 = (Q)
(n +1)(n + 2)
n
C 0 C1 C 2 C 3 2n −1
Q.22 If (1 – x3)n = ∑a x r r (1 – x)3n–2r then find ar, (C) − + − + .... = (R)
EE

2 3 4 5 n −1 n −1
r =0
where n ∈ N. (D) C12 + 2C22 + 3C32 + .... + nCn2 = (S) (n + 1)2n

Q.23 Show that Q.28 Match the column:

⎛C ⎞ ⎛C ⎞ Column-I Column-II
C1(1 – x) – ⎜ 2 ⎟ (1 – x)2 + ⎜ 3 ⎟ (1 – x)3
(A) The sum 1
R

⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ (P) [22n –2nCn]

∑ ∑( )
2
1
n n
Ci + Cj may be 2
+......+ (–1)n–1 (1 – x)n
n 0≤i < j ≤n
(B) The sum (Q) n2. 2n–1
CA

1 1 1
= (1 – x) + (1 – x2) + (1 – x3) +....+ (1 – xn)
2 3 n ∑ ∑ ( C . C ) may be
0≤i < j ≤n
n
i
n
j

Q.24 If Cr stands for nCr, then the sum of the series (C) The sum n −1
⎛n⎞ ⎛n⎞ 1
( ) (R) ∑ 2n
Cr
2⎜ ⎟!⎜ ⎟!
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ [ C 2 –2 C 2 +3 C 2 –....+(–1)n(n + 1) C 2 ], ∑∑ (i + j ) nCi . nCj
n 0≤i < j ≤n
r =0
0 1 2 n
n!
may be
where n is an even positive integer, is equal to. (D) The sum (S) (n –1) 2nCn +22n
Q.25 If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1 – x)n, the ∑ ∑(i. nCi . + j. nC j
0≤i < j ≤n
)
coefficients of x and x2 are 3 & –6
respectively, then value of m is? may be

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 151

 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE (Level-1)
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (B)
8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (A)
15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. (C) 21. (B)
22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (A) 25. (B) 26. (D) 27. (C)

EXERCISE (Level-2)

T
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (B)

IN
8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (B)

15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (B) 21. (A)

22. (B) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (A)

1. (A,B,C,D) 2. (A,D) 3. (B,C,D)

PO
EXERCISE (Level-3)

Part-A
4. (A,C) 5. (A,B) 6. (A,B,C) 7. (B,C)
R
8. (A,C) 9. (A,B,C) 10. (A,D) 11. (A,B,C) 12. (A,B,C,D) 13. (A,B,C) 14. (B,C)

15. (A,B,C,D)

Part-B
EE

16. (D) 17. (A)

Part-C
R

18. A → Q, S; B → P, Q, R; C → S ; D → P, S 19. A → S; B → P; C → Q; D → R

Part-D
CA

20. (D) 21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (C) 25. (C)

Part-E
26. 2 27. 2 28. 3 29. 9 30. 5

Part-F
51050 (1001)!
31. zero when n is odd; (–1) n/2 nCn/2 when n is even 40. (i) 1001C50 ; (ii)
(52)! (950 )!

41. –22100
152 | Binomial Theorem _________________________________________________________________
 EXERCISE (Level-4)
SECTION-A
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (B)
8. (C) 9. (C) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (A)
15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (A) 20. (C) 21. (B)
22. (B) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (A) 28. (B)
29. (C) 30. (D) 31. (C) 32. (C) 33. (C) 34. (C) 35. (D)

T
36. (D) 37. (A) 38. (A) 39. (A) 40. (A) 41. (A) 42. (D)
43. (C) 44. (A) 45. (A) 46. (A) 47. (A) 48. (D) 49. (D)

IN
50. (A) 51. (A) 52. (B) 53. (A,Bonus) 54. (A) 55. (A) 56. (B)
57. (C) 58. (D) 59. (B) 60. (A) 61. 30.00 62. 51.00 63. 118.00
64. (A) 65. 210 66. (Bonus) 67. (B)

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. 6
PO
SECTION-B
4. (C)

EXERCISE (Level-5)
5. 8 6. 5 7. 646.00

2n ! ( 4n + 2) ! 1
R
2. (D) 3. (B) 4. 1155 8. (n +1)22n–1 + 9. ×
2.(n ) ! (n ) ! (2n + 1) ! (2n + 1) ! 2

2mn − 1
11. (A) 13. 22. ar = nCr. 3r 24. (–1)n/2 (n + 2) 25. 12
EE

2mn (2n − 1)

26. A → P, S; B → P, Q; C → R; D → P 27. A → S; B → P; C → Q; D → R
28. A → S; B → P, R; C → P, R ; D → Q
R
CA

__________________________________________________________________ Binomial Theorem | 153