UNIT 6.

GLOBAL WARMING
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases
2. A. pollution B. poaching C. physical D. pesticide
3. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. wasn't
4. A. floor B. flood C. moorland D. door
5. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon
7. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat
8. A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal
9. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear
10. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. We all admire him ____ having changed both his attitude and behaviours towards the
environmental issues.
A. about B. for C. with D. at
2. Global warming ___________climate change and extreme weather patterns.
A. results from B. results in C. originates D. is due to
3. Those farmers admitted ____ having used more chemical fertilisers than needed.
A. on B. about C. for D. to
4. I remembered having ____ off the lights before leaving home.
A. switched B. switch C. switching D. switches
5. He regretted not ____ registered for military service last spring.
A. have B. having C. having had D. having done
6. It is important to maintain the biological _________of the rainforests.
7. A. similarity B. identity C. diversity D. compatibility
8. The local authorities were blamed ____ ignored the pollution issues in the area.
A. about having B. on having C. for having D. before having
9. Most people admit that they _________ to global warming.
A. contribute B. disapprove C. neglect D. cause
Excercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in brackets
10. There is a __connection__ between the recent droughts and climate change. (CONNECT)
11. Farming contributes more than 30 percent of the total greenhouse gas
_____emissions____. (EMIT)
12. The overuse of chemical _fertilizers_ is a serious threat to the environment. (FERTILIZE)
13. Global warming is the increase in the earth's average surface temperature due to the
warming ____effects_____ of greenhouse gases. (EFFECTIVE)
14. The main cause of _____global____ warming is the burning of fossil fuels, such as natural
gas, oil, and coal. (GLOBE)

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
15. Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming.
A. Shrinking B. Declining C. Decreasing D. Increasing
16. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.
A. result in B. result from C. cause D. Activate
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
17. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment.
A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept
18. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world.
A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
19. With clear evidence, his company couldn't deny having dump a large quantity of toxins into the
sea.
A B C D
20. Having deciding on the topic of the presentation, he started finding relevant information for it.
A B C D
Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
We are probably all guilty at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment
as much as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (1) ____ by using our
cars when it's not necessary. However, the real environmental criminals are those big
businesses which ignore the law. For many years now, politicians have attempted to protect the
environment by making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use
don't add to the protection of the environment. The problem for businesses is that the (2) ____
of the environment costs money, and businesses will always try to lower their costs if they can.
Some of them do this by simply putting chemical into rivers when they have finished with
them, leading to the (3) ____ of major problems. Although government inspectors may try to
catch them doing it, it can be very difficult to get proof that a particular business is responsible
for an environmental problem. It really depends (4) ____ not only the government but also
businesses and individuals as well. All people need to contribute to (5) ____the environment.
1. A. damage B. pollution C. accidents D. trouble
2. A. induction B. construction C. instruction D. destruction
3. A. creation B. creativity C. creator D. creature
4. A. over B. at C. on D. in
5. A. protecting B. protect C. protected D. protection
Exercise 9. Read the passage and answer the following questions
Energy is fundamental to human beings, especially to poor people – the one-third of
humanity that does not have modern energy supplies like electricity, with which their life
could be improved.
Many people who live in countryside have to gather fuel wood. This takes a lot of
time. Moreover, it causes indoor air pollution because of heavy smoke. For many people
living in rural areas in developing countries of the world, biogas (CH 4) is the large energy
resources available and costs almost nothing. The main use of biogas is for cooking and
heating. As biogas is smoke-free, it helps solve the problem of indoor air pollution.
Moreover, plant waste and animal manure cost almost nothing. (fundamental: essential)
The tendency to use renewable energy sources is on the increase when non-renewable
ones are running out. In the near future, people in the developing countries may use wind or sea
waves as the environment- friendly energy sources.
6. What is the role of energy to human beings? (fundamental)
____________________________________________________________________
7. What is the main use of biogas? It is used mainly for cooking and heating.
____________________________________________________________________

8. According to the passage, what is the most awful effect of using fuel wood?
It causes indoor air pollution.
____________________________________________________________________
9. Why, according to the passage, is biogas introduced to poor people?
____________________________________________________________________
Because it is the largest energy resources available in the countryside and cheap
10. What, according to the passage, are the main advantages of using biogas?
It is clean because it is smoke-free and costs almost nothing.
____________________________________________________________________

Exercise 10. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.

Rewrite the following sentences using perfect gerund or Perfect Participle.
1. David did his homework and they went to bed.
→ After having done his homework, they went to bed.
2. It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook.
→ Learning how to cook is easy for anyone.
3. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
→ People admired Tony for having rescued the kids from the fire.
4. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
→ He denied having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach.
5. Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition.
→ Having practiced a lot, Zoe was sure of her winning in the competition.
6. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
→ Having asked his mother's permission, the boy went out to play.
7. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
→ Having drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
8. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
→ Having done two tests today, we are exhausted.
9. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
→ Filling the washing machine, she switched it on.
10. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
→ Having not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him.
Exercise 11. Write an essay (between 160-180 words) about the effects of global
warming
 UNIT 7. FURTHER EDUCATION
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. ago B. across C. about D. adult
2. A. language B. article C. partly D. hardly
3. A. but B. cut C. sun D. put
4. A. lake B. plane C. plan D. state
5. A. lecture B. medium C. inventor D. president
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three
in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. definition B. politician C. situation D. production
7. A. image B. purchase C. mislead D. deadline
8. A. extinction B. endangered C. business D. intention
9. A. cattle B. country C. canal D. cover
10. A. copy B. remove C. notice D. cancel
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Further and higher education colleges offer courses and qualification wide range of vocational
and academic subjects at many ____.
A. levels B. positions C. standards D. qualities
2. University ____ in Vietnam can decide their own criteria for enrolling international students.
A. bosses B. leaders C. principals D. rectors
3. At most institutions in the UK, the ____ starts in September or October and runs until June or
July.
A. leap year B. gap year C. new year D. academic year
4. I'm very hungry. I ____ all day.
A. didn't eat B. haven't ate C. haven't eaten D. have been eating
5. Our kitchen's a mess. We ____ any cleaning for weeks.
A. didn't do B. haven't been doing C. have done D. haven't done
6. We've discovered in this great café and we ____ there a lot.
A. have been going B. have gone C. are going D. have went
7. How's your Mum? I ____ her for ages.
A. had seen B. haven't seen C. haven't been seeing D. didn't see
8. You're covered in paint! What ____ you ____?
A. have / done B. were / doing C. did / do D. have / been doing
9. She's gone to the doctor's. She ____ well lately.
A. hasn't felt B. hasn't been feeling C. has felt D. doesn't feel
10. I ____ for ages now.
A. have waited B. waited C. was waiting D. have been waiting
Excercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in brackets.
11. Are _____international_____ students allowed to work part-time? (NATIONAL)
12. I'd like to consult you about the ___cultural____ differences (that) I should be aware of.
(CULTURE)
13. 4. What worries_ me most is the high cost of living in London as an international student.
(WORRY)
14. One of the reasons for Vietnamese students' studying abroad is the quality of the
_____academic_____ programmes in higher education. (ACADEMY)
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
15. A Bachelor's degree is also known as the first university degree or an undergraduate degree.
 A. main B. ordinary C. last D. major
16. IB students can select subjects so that they specialise in a particular academic field, but
mathematics, native language and theory of knowledge are compulsory subjects.
A. optional B. certain C. optional D. elective
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
17. The International Baccalaureate is also now offered by more schools in the UK as an
alternative to A-levels.
A. change B. option C. choice D. substitution
18. The teachers at Edinburgh College encourage students to collaborate with others, experiment
with arts and find their own ideas.
A. solve B. cooperate C. support D. improve
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
19. We are working, that means that we are contributing goods and services to our society.
A B C D
20. Do you (A) ever feel (B) that life is not being fair to you (C) because you cannot seem to get
the job (C) where you want or that really suits you?
Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

British further education qualifications are respected by employers and (1) ____
worldwide. There are two main types: academic courses, and vocational and professional
courses. Academic courses help you (2) ____ for higher education at a university or college. They
aim to develop your analytical skills, critical thinking and knowledge. (3) ____ and professional
courses give you the skills and qualification you need to enter and succeed in your chosen career.
They offer technical training and skills (4)___ the workplace.
British (5) ____ education providers invest heavily in facilities - from libraries, computer
centres and science laboratories to sports centres, theatres and arts studios. Class sizes are
retricted to ensure that you have access to equipment and enough time to talk to your tutors and
lectures.
1. A. academics B. academy C. academical D. academically
2. A.get B. prepare C. make D. support
3. A. Occasional B. Vocational C. Optional D. Various
4. A. at B. of C. to D. for
5. A. further B. each C. both D. every
Exercise 9. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, more than 30 of the highest-
ranked 45 institutions are in the United States, as measured by awards and research output.
Public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, and community colleges all have a
significant role in higher education in the United States. An even stronger pattern is shown by
the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities with 103 US universities in the World's Top 200
universities.
The 2006 American Community Survey conducted by the United States Census Bureau found
that 19.5 percent of the population had attended college but had no degree, 7.4 percent held an
associate's degree, 17.1 percent held a bachelor's degree, and 9.9 percent held a graduate or
professional degree.
Educational attainment in the United States is similar to that of other developed countries.
Colleges and universities in the U.S. vary in terms of goals: some may emphasize a vocational,
business, engineering, or technical curriculum while others may emphasize a liberal arts
curriculum. Many combine some or all of the above.
 Students can apply to some colleges using the Common Application. There is no limit to the
number of colleges or universities to which a student may apply, though an application must be
submitted for each.'
Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial degree and sometimes after several
years of professional work, leads to a more advanced degree such as a master's degree. After
additional years of study and sometimes in conjunction with the completion of a master's
degree, students may earn a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.d.) or other doctoral degree.
Only 8.9 percent of US students ever receive postgraduate degrees, and most, after obtaining
their bachelor's degree, proceed directly into the workforce.

6. How many percentage of the population had no degree after having attended college? 19.5 %
______________________________________________________________
7. Is it the same terms of goals for colleges and university? No, it isn’t.
______________________________________________________________

8. How many institutions can students apply for an application? One/ a university/ college.
______________________________________________________________

9. When may students earn a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.d.)? After additional years of study and
sometimes in conjunction with the completion of a master's degree.
______________________________________________________________

10. What is the percentage of US students proceeding directly into the workforce? 8.9%
______________________________________________________________
Exercise 10. Rewrite the sentences, using the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous.
1. Nam's still studying English. He started studying it two years ago. (for)
→ Nam has been studying English for two years.
______________________________________________________________
2. I started learning how to play the piano eight months ago. I'm still learning it.
→ I have been learning to play the piano for eight months.
______________________________________________________________
3. He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013. (twice)
→ He has attended online vocational courses twice.
______________________________________________________________
4. They visited this college in 2009, 2012 and 2014. (three times)
→ They have visited this college three times. / They have visited this college three times before.
______________________________________________________________
5. She started her research project last month. She's still doing it.
→ She has been doing her research project since last month.
______________________________________________________________
6. The university started building a new campus in May. They are still building it. (since)
→ The university has been building a new campus since May.
______________________________________________________________
7. The graduate students started arriving at four o'clock. They are all in the lecture hall.
→ The graduate students have all arrived at the lecture hall.
______________________________________________________________
8. The last time I cooked was 3 years ago. I haven’t cooked for 3 years
_____________________________________________________________
9. When did you buy that bag? How long have you bought that bag?
______________________________________________________________
10. I started writing blog 2 months ago-> I have written blog for 2 months.
______________________________________________________________

UNIT 8
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. blow B. modern C. electronic D. concentrate
2. A. operate B. consider C. conclude D. correct
3. A. books B. hats C. stamps D. clubs
4. A. filled B. missed C. talked D. watched
5. A. scholar B. technique C. archaeology D. achievement
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position
of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. a. university b. application c. technology d. entertainment
2. A. archaeology B. itinerary C. unforgettable D. authenticity
3. A. magnificent B. associate C. mausoleum D. harmonious
4. A. religious B. masterpiece C. prestigious D. abundant
5. A. intact B. nightlife C. relic D. complex
III. Complete the sentences by using the words in the box.
dynasties academic excavations complex relics intact
heritage preservation undergraduate geological

1.These historic buildings are an important part of Ha Noi’s heritage and should be preserved.

2.During the different dynasties, the Thang Long Imperial Citadel was expanded.

3.The archaeological excavations that led to the discovery of the ancient city lasted several years.

4.A lot of ancient houses in Hoi An remain intact even after several hundred years.

5.A lot of relics from ancient times are on display at the national heritage museum.

6.The old houses have been pulled down in order to build a modern residential complex
7.It is difficult to get a good job without any academic qualifications.
8.At the undergraduate level, you can join three-year or four-year colleges.
9. Phong Nha - Ke Bang has a complex geological structure with different varieties of stone.
10. Lack of preservation of this heritage building has resulted in damage to its walls.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. I'd like to book a room with a/an ____ of the sea.
A. outlook B. sight C. view D. scenery
2. When I'm on holiday, I enjoy ____.
A. getting sunburnt B. getting sunstroke C. having a sunbath D. sunbathing
3. When you are staying at a popular resort, there are plenty of ____ to go on.
A. excursions B. expeditions C. pilgrimages D. sightseeing
3. The hotel where we are ____ is quite luxurious.
A. staying B. existing C. remaining D. living
4. We usually do go by train, even though the car ____ is a lot quicker.
A. travel B. trip C. voyage D. journey
5. The area near the palace gates was ____ with tourists.
A. full B. crowded C. flooded D. Covered
6. The best way ____ London is by taking a guided tour.
A. of which to see B. to see C. seeing D. in which you see
7. John F. Kennedy was the last US president ____.
A. to assassinate B. assassinated C. assassinating D. to be
assassinated
8.The students____ for the train are good ones.
A. waited B. waiting C. which is waiting D. to wait
9. This is the seventh person____ late.
A. coming B. to come C. come D. all are correct
10. The woman _______next door is a famous singer.
A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
11.The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
12. The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher.
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
13. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
14. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam.
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
15.I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying
16.I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook B. overlooking C. overlooked D. which overlooking
17. Melanie was the only person __________ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
18. ____ UNESCO criteria for outstanding universal value to humanity, Trang An Scenic Landscape
Complex was added to the World Heritage List in 2014.
A. Meeting B. Met C. To meet D. Having met
19. The balance and harmonious blending of various elements contribute to Taj Mahal's unique beauty.
A. successful B. agreeable C. tasteful D. fitting
38. In addition to exploring the caves and grottos, and seeing its flora and fauna, visitors can also enjoy
mountain climbing.
A. flowers and plants B. plants and animals
C. plants and vegetation D. flowers and grass
V. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
TOURISM
Tourism is a big business. Millions of people around Europe spend their winters planning their
destinations for the following summer, and their summers getting off to foreign climes for two weeks
in the sun. They are the modern-day descendants of the aristocrats and the wealthy who would (1)
____ months to complete the “Grand Tour” of Europe. But unlike their forefathers, tourists these days
get a bad press. They're not (2) ____ in the local culture, we're told they're just after the chance to
behave a bit more wildly than they do at home. What's more, they damage the local environment and
don't respect the locals and their (3) ____ of life.
But are tourists really to blame ? Or is it the (4) ____ of the tourist industry, which has failed to
provide reasonably-priced alternatives? And if the local resort only offers a succession of bars for the
tourists to visit, can we really (5) ____ them for not doing more cultural activities?
1. A. spend B. make C. take D. pass
2. A. devoted B. eager C. keen D. interested
3. A. way B. manner C. standard D. means
4. A. criticism B. fault C. blame D. accusation
5. A. accuse B. charge C. criticise D. arrest
VI. Read the passage and answer the following questions
Recognised as a World Heritage Site in Viet Nam, Ha Long Bay attracts thousands of visitors
every year, who come to enjoy its magnificent natural landscape. However, the bay is also facing a
number of threats that may lead to serious damage to the site.
Wildlife in Ha Long Bay is being destroyed by overfishing as this is the only job to support
most of the inhabitants here. As a result, rare sea creatures may become extinct soon.
Another problem is deforestation of mangrove forests. The mangroves, known as the plants
native to Ha Long Bay, provide protection during storms, preserve the shoreline, and act as a natural
filter that keeps the sea environment clean and healthy. Numerous wildlife species including plants and
fish also depend on the mangroves.
What is more, some markets in Ha Long Bay sell unusual relics and natural objects, such as
coral pieces, sea shells, or unique stones, probably illegally removed from the protected areas. Many of
these items, converted into rings, key chains, and other souvenirs, are purchased by unsuspecting
tourists. Buying these items creates a black market leading to further destruction of Ha Long Bay.
As eco-tourists, we can help to protect Ha Long Bay for future generations in several ways. For
example, by sailing or fishing with the fishermen, we can share the benefits of tourism with the local
community. This will help them to increase their income and reduce excessive fishing. We can also
help local people to learn about the significance of the mangrove forests and help them to replant the
mangroves. We should also avoid purchasing unusual souvenirs. As responsible tourists, we can
discourage suspected traders or vendors by refusing to buy their illegal goods.
1. What is the environmental impact of overfishing?
Rare sea creatures may become extinct.
2. How important are the mangroves?
They provide protection during storms, preserve the shoreline, and act as a natural filter that
keeps the sea environment clean and healthy. Many wildlife species including plants and fish
also depend on the mangroves.
3. What is the problem with buying unusual objects?
The unusual relics are probably illegally removed from the protected areas.
4. What are the benefits of sailing or fishing with the local fishermen?
The local fishermen can share the benefits of tourism and this will help them to increase their
income and reduce excessive fishing.
VI. Writing: Write a letter requesting more information about the language courses. You can ask
about the starting date, course duration, teachers’ experience, fees and course certificate.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
VII. Rewrite the sentences replacing the relative clauses with participle or to-infinitive clauses
1.Some of the relics that were found at the archaeological site of the Central Sector of the
Imperial Citadel of Thang Long belong to the Ly Dynasty.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
2.The Japanese Bridge that was built in the early 1600s became a main tourist attraction in Hoi
An.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………
3.Tourists should avoid purchasing unusual relics that were illegally removed from protected
heritage sites.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
4.He was the last emperor who ruled both parts of the empire.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
5.We visited an ancient house that overlooks the Thu Bon River in Hoi An.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
6.Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is the 8th World Heritage Site in Viet Nam that has
been recognised by UNESCO.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
7. We walked on the bridge which connects the two parts of the heritage site.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
8.The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind

.........................................................................................................................................
9.The last time when I saw her was three years ago.

.........................................................................................................................................
10. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.

.........................................................................................................................................

VIII. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets
1.The lecture is about the preservation of world heritage sites. (preserve)
2.He served in the army after graduation (graduate)
3.The rainforest gorillas are in danger of extinction because of deforestation (deforest)
4.Scientists are looking for ways to slow down the rate of greenhouse gas emissions (emit)
5.In the UK, A-levels are still the most common way of fulfilling the entry requirements for
degree courses. (require)