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List of topics:
• Thread forms
• Screws and power screws
• Threaded fasteners
• Other non-permanent joints
1
Thread forms: definitions and
standards
2
Thread forms
Metric threads:
• Classified by nominal major diameter, in mm
American threads:
• d < ¼ in, size designation 0-12
• d ≥ ¼ in, size designation in inches
Other threads (power screws):
3
Unified screw threads
5
Power screw threads
6
Juvinall and Marshek
Power screw mechanics
Objectives:
• Change angular to linear motion
• Transmit power
e
T0
T
frictionless torque
actual torque
WL
2 T
* 9
Stresses in (power) screws
16T Td r d r4
, J
3 2J 32
dr
• Axial stress in screw body
4F F d r2
2 , A
dr A 4
Mc bh3
• Bending stress at root of threads b , I
I 12
6F c
h p
, b d r nt
2 4
b
nt d r p M
Fp
, h
p
4 2
• Transverse shear at the centre of the thread root
due to F
3F 3V
nt d r p 2A
* 11
Screw/bolt heads and nuts
Shigley
12
Threaded fasteners
LT : threaded length D : nominal diameter
Metric threads:
2D 6 L 125 D 48 mm
LT 2 D 12 125 L 200
2 D 25 L 200
American threads:
1
2D in L 6 in
4
LT
1
2D in L 6 in
2
13
Bolt strength and initial tension
15
Tension joints
Shigley, Fig. 8-15
16
Tension joints
External load carried by bolt and member
• Fi : preload (clamping force)
• Fe : external load
• Pb : portion of Fe taken by bolt
• Pm : portion of Fe taken by member
• Fb = Pb +Fi : resultant bolt load
• Fm = Pm Fi : resultant load on member
Based on same elongation of bolt and member,
Pb Pm
kb k m
Therefore,
km
Pm Pb
kb
kb km
Since Fe Pb Pm , Fe Pb ( )
kb
kb
Fb Pb Fi Fe Fi CFe Fi
kb km
Fm (1 C ) Fe Fi Note: Fm 0 for clamping
• C : fraction of load taken by bolt, or stiffness constant
of joint.
• 1 C : fraction of load taken by member: can be on the
order of 80% or more, meaning that members take over
80% of external load, due to sharing of stress between 17
bolt and members. Very good for fatigue loading.
Shear joints
M Fi ri
n
B, D are the
critical locations
for shear
20
Setscrews
• Setscrews depend on compression to develop clamping
force
• Safety factor, n
1.5-2.0 for static loads
4-8 for dynamic loads
21
Pins
• Preserve
alignment
• Under force fit
conditions,
retains parts
fixed relative to
each other
• Used with
transverse shear
stress
• If hole permits
clearance,
bending occurs
(bad!)
• Accuracy is
important
22
Retaining rings
• Ring and recess dimensions should be considered to
provide sufficient strength of the ring against
permanent set during insertion or under loading
conditions
• Only a portion of the ring thickness will prevent
motion: make sure it is strong enough
23
Keys
• Used to transmit torque (gears, pulleys)
• For sizing, see Problem 2 in Tutorial 5
24
From Lingaiah, K. McGraw-Hill machining and metalworking handbook, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1994
Collins, Table 8.3