RK Academy

X ICSE
Maths Worksheet

1. GOODS AND SERVICE TAX (G.S.T)

1. A dealer purchased a music system from the manufacturing company for ₹ 25000 and
sold it to a consumer at a profit of 20%. If the rate of GST is 18%, calculate
(i) the amounts of Input CGST and Input SGST for the dealer
(ii) the amount of GST payable by dealer to the Government
(iii) the amount that the consumer has to pay for the music system
[Assume that all transaction take place in the same state]
2. A registered computer engineer provides computer maintenance service to five different
companies. He offers different discounts to different companies depending upon their
payment terms.
Company C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Service costs ₹ 8200 ₹ 12100 ₹ 13600 ₹ 8000 ₹ 12500
Discount 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
If the rate of GST is 18%, calculate the output GST for the computer engineer.
3. A wholesaler buys a machine from the manufacturer for ₹ 25000. He marks the price of
the machine 20% above his costs price and sells it to a retailer at 10% discount on the
marked price. If the rate of GST is 18% and assuming that all transactions occur within
the same state, calculate
(i) the marked price of the machine
(ii) retailers cost price inclusive of GST
(iii) the CGST and SGST payable by the wholesaler to the government
4. A shopkeeper bought an air conditioner at a discount of 20% from a wholesaler, the
printed price of the air conditioner being ₹ 28000. The shopkeeper sales it to the
consumer at a discount of 10% on the printed price. If the GST rate is 18%, find
(i) the CGST and SGST payable by the shopkeeper to the Government.
(ii) the total amount paid by the consumer for the air conditioner.
[Assume that all transaction take place in the same state]
5. A dealer in Delhi supplied several items to another dealer in Delhi and these items fall
into different GST slabs. Find the total amount of bill if the details of the supplied items
are as given below:

Items Quantity (No. Rate per piece Discount GST Rate

of pieces) MRP (in ₹) Allowed
A 40 100 15% 8%
B 50 80 20% 12%
C 150 40 10% 18%
D 160 50 5% 5%

2. BANKING
1. Mohan has a recurring deposit account in a bank for 2 years at 6% per annum simple
interest. If he gets ₹ 1200 as interest at the time of maturity, find:
(i) the monthly instalment
(ii) the amount of maturity
2. Shahrukh opened a recurring deposit account in a bank and deposited ₹ 800 per month
1
for 1 years. If received ₹ 15084 at the time of maturity, find the rate of interest per
2
annum.
3. Meena has a cumulative time deposit account of ₹ 340 per month at 6 % per annum. If
she gets ₹ 7157 at the of maturity find the total time for which the account was held?

4. LINEAR INEQUATIONS
1. Solve the following inequation and write the solution set. Also represent it on the number
line:
13𝑥 − 5 < 15𝑥 + 4 < 7𝑥 + 12, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
𝟐. Solve the following inequation, write the solution set and represent it on the number line:
𝑥+1
−3(𝑥 − 7) ≥ 15 > ,𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
3

3. Solve each of inequations given below and represent its solution set on a number line:
3𝑥−5 1
> , 𝑥 ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
6 2

𝟒. Solve each of inequations given below and represent its solution set on a number line:
1 1 1
−8 < − − 4x ≤ 7 , x ∈ I
2 2 2

5. Solve each of inequations given below and represent its solution set on a number line:
5 1 2𝑥
−2 6 < 2 − 3
≤ 2, x ∈ W

6. Solve each of inequations given below and represent its solution set on a number line:
−𝑥 𝑥 1 1
3
≤ 2 − 13 < 6,x ∈ R

5. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. Solve the following equations by factorization:

4𝑥² − 4𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎² − 𝑏²) = 0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅
[hint: Given equation may be written as :4𝑥² − 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − 2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎² − 𝑏²) = 0]
2. Solve the following quadratic equation for x and give your answer correct to two decimal
places: 5𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 3
1
3. Solve the equation 2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 7. Write your answer correct to two decimal places.

4. Without solving the quadratic equation, find the value of m for which the given equation
has real and equal roots:
𝑥² + 2(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑚 + 5) = 0
5. Find the values of 𝑝 for which the equation 𝑝𝑥² − 5𝑥 + 𝑝 = 0 has real and equal roots.
6. Find the values of 𝑘 for which each of the following equation has equal roots:
𝑥² − 2𝑘𝑥 + 7𝑘 − 12 = 0
6. PROBLEMS ON QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. A two-digit number is such that the product of the digits is 8. When 18 is added to the
number, then the digits are reversed. Find the number.
2. Five years ago, a woman’s age was the square of her son’s age. Ten years hence, her age
will be twice that of her son’s age. Find:
(i) the age of the son five years ago,
(ii) the present age of the woman.
3. The sum of ages of a father and his son is 45 years. Five years ago, the product of their
ages was 34. Find the ages of the son and the father.
4. A car covers a distance of 400 km at a certain speed. Had the speed been 12 km/hr more,
the time taken for the journey would have been 1 hr 40 min. less. Find the original speed
of the car.
5. The speed of an express train is x km/hr and the speed of an ordinary train is 12 km/hr
less than that of the express train cover a distance of 240 km, find the speed of the
express train.
6. An aeroplane travelled a distance of 400 km at an average speed of x km/hr. On the
return down an expression for the time taken for:
(i) the onward journey (ii) the return journey
If the return journey took 30 minutes less than the onward journey, write an equation in
x and find the value of x.
7. A motor boat whose speed is 15 km/hr in still water goes 36 km upstream and comes
back to the starting point in 5 hours. Find the speed of the stream.
8. A can do a piece of work in x days and B can do it in (x+16) days. If both working together
can do it in 15 days, calculate x.
9. One pipe can fill cistern in 3 hours less than the other. The two pipes together can fill it in
6 hrs 40 min. Find the time that each pipe will take to fill the cistern.
10. In a right angled triangle, the hypotenuse is 2 cm longer that the base and 4 cm longer
that the shortest side. Find the lengths of the three sides of the triangle.
11. A shopkeeper purchase a certain number of books for ₹ 960. If the cost per book was ₹ 8
less, the number of books that could be purchased for the same amount would be 4 more.
Write an equation, taking the original cost of the book to be ₹ x and solve it to find the
original cost of the book.
12. ₹ 480 is divided equally among x children. If the number of children were 20 more, then
each would have got ₹ 12 less. Find the value of x.
13. The hotel bill for a number of people for overnight stay is ₹ 14400. If there were 4 more
people, the bill each person had to pay would have reduced by ₹ 600. Find the number of
people staying overnight.
14. In an auditorium seats were arranged in rows and columns. The number of rows was
equal to number of seats in each row. When the number of rows was equal to number of
seats in each row. When the number of rows was doubled and the number of seats in
each row aws reduced by 10, the total number of seats increased by 300.
7. RATIO AND PROPORTION
1. Find the :
(i) fourth proportional to 7, 13 and 35;
(ii) third proportional to 9 and 15;
(iii) mean proportion between 5 and 80.
2. Find two numbers whose mean proportion is 28 and the third proportional is 224.
𝑎²−𝑏²+𝑐²
3. If b is the mean proportion between a and c, prove that: = 𝑏⁴
𝑎ˉ²−𝑏ˉ²+𝑐ˉ²
³/²
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑎 2 𝑥 2 +𝑏2 𝑦 2 +𝑐 2 𝑧 2 𝑥𝑦𝑧
4. If𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 , prove that ( 3 3
𝑎 𝑥+𝑏 𝑦+𝑐 𝑧 3 ) = √𝑎𝑏𝑐 .

2𝑎²−5𝑎𝑏+7𝑏² 𝑎
5. If a, b, c are in continued proportion, prove that 2𝑏²−5𝑏𝑐+7𝑐²
= 𝑐
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)
6. If a, b, c are in continued proportion, prove that: = (𝑎²+𝑏²+𝑐²)
𝑎−𝑏+𝑐

7. If a : b = c : d, prove that (9a + 13b) ∶ (9a − 13b) = (9c – 13d).

8. If a : b = c : d, prove that (3a + 2b): (3a − 2b) = (3c + 2d) ∶ (3c − 2d).
𝟗. If (3𝑎 + 5𝑏) ∶ (3𝑎 − 5𝑏) = (3𝑐 + 5𝑑) ∶ (3𝑐 − 5𝑑), prove that a : b = c : d.
10. If (4a² + 7b²) ∶ (4a² − 7b²) = (4c² + 7d²) ∶ (4c² − 7d²), prove that a : b = c : d.
6𝑎𝑏 𝑥+3𝑎 𝑥+3𝑏
11. If 𝑥 = 𝑎+𝑏, prove that (𝑥−3𝑎 + 𝑥−3𝑏) = 2.
𝑥³+3𝑥 341
12. If 3𝑥²+1
= 91
, prove that x = 11

√𝑥+2+√𝑥−3
13. If = 5, prove that x = 7.
√𝑥+2−√𝑥−3

√𝑥+5+√𝑥−16 7
14. If = 3, prove that x = 20.
√𝑥+5−√𝑥−16

√3𝑥+√2𝑥−1 3
15. If = 5, prove that x = 2.
√3𝑥−√2𝑥−1

𝑎−𝑥 3 𝑎+𝑥 𝑎
16. If 16 (𝑎+𝑥) = (𝑎−𝑥), prove that 𝑥 = 3 .

√2𝑎+1+√2𝑎−1
17. If 𝑥 = , prove that : 𝑥 2 − 4𝑎𝑥 + 1 = 0
√2𝑎+1−√2𝑎−1

√𝑏+3𝑎+√𝑏−3𝑎
19. If 𝑥 = , prove that : 3𝑎𝑥 2 − 2𝑏𝑥 + 3𝑎 = 0.
√𝑏+3𝑎−√𝑏−3𝑎
3 3
√𝑚+1+ √𝑚−1
20. If 𝑥 = 3 3 , prove that 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑚 + 3𝑥 − 𝑚 = 0
√𝑚+1− √𝑚−1
𝑎+3𝑏+2𝑐+6𝑑 𝑎+3𝑏−2𝑐−6𝑑 𝑎 𝑐
21. If 𝑎−3𝑏+2𝑐−6𝑑
= 𝑎−3𝑏−2𝑐+6𝑑, prove that 𝑏
= 𝑑.
2𝑎+2𝑏−3𝑐−3𝑑 𝑎+𝑏−4𝑐−4𝑑 𝑎 𝑐
22. If = , prove that = .
2𝑎−2𝑏−3𝑐+3𝑑 𝑎−𝑏−4𝑐+4𝑑 𝑏 𝑑

8. REMAINDER THEOREM AND FACTOR THEOREM

1. Without actual division, find the reminder, when 2𝑥³ + 5𝑥² − 9𝑥 + 1 is divided by (𝑥 + 3).
2. When divided by (𝑥 − 3), the polynomials 𝑥³ − 𝑝𝑥² + 𝑥 + 6 and 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − (𝑝 + 3)𝑥 − 6 leave
the same remainder. Find the value of p. Also find remainder in each case.
3. The polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) when divided by (x-1) and (x+1) leaves the
remainders 5 and 19 respectively. Find the values of a and b. Hence, find the remainder is
𝑓(𝑥) is divided by (x-2).
4. Using factor theorem, show that (x+4) is a factor of (2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12). Hence factorise the
given expression completely.
5. show that (2𝑥 + 7) is a factor of 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 − 14. Hence factorise the given expression
completely, by using the factor theorem.
6. Use factor theorem to factorise completely : (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4).
9. MATRICES
1. Find the value of x and y if
𝑥 7 6 −7 10 7
2⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋=⌊ ⌋
9 𝑦−5 4 5 22 15
1 0 2 −1 −2 3
2. If 𝐴 = ⌊ ⌋,𝐵 = ⌊ ⌋ and 𝐶 = ⌊ ⌋, find (I) (AB)C (II) A(BC).
2 3 4 1 5 6
Is (AB)C=A(BC)?
3 1 1 0
3. If 𝐴 = ⌊ ⌋,𝐼 = ⌊ ⌋, FIND A²-5A+7I
−1 2 0 1
2 1 7
4. Given ⌊ ⌋ 𝑋 = ⌊ ⌋.
−3 4 6
Write (i) the order of the matrix X (ii) the matrix X
 2 1
5. Let M be a matrix such that 𝑀 × ⌊ ⌋ = ⌊4 −7⌋.
0 3
4 sin 30° 2 cos 60° 4 5
6. Evaluate ⌊ ⌋⌊ ⌋.
sin 90° 2 cos 0° 5 4
5 −7 −16 −6
7. Find matrix X such that ⌊ ⌋.𝑋 = ⌊ ⌋.
−2 3 7 2
8. Evaluate without using tables:
2 cos 60° −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛30° cot 45° 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 30°
⌊ ⌋×⌊ ⌋
− tan 45° cos 0° sec 60° sin 90°
10. ARITHMETIC PROGRATION
1. The nth term of an A.P. is given by Tn = (4n – 7). Find its (i) first term, (ii) common
difference (iii) 20th term.
2. Which term of the A.P. 4, 9, 14, 19, ………….. is 79?
3. Which term of the A.P. 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, ……….. will be 35 more than its 12th term?
4. How many terms are there in the A.P. 9, 13, 17, 21, ……. , 97?
5. Find the middle term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2, -1, -4, ……….. (-61).
6. The sum of the 5th and 9th terms of an A.P. is 26 and the sum of its 7th and 11th terms is
42. Find the first three terms of the A.P.
7. Find the 8th term from the end of the A.P. is 4, 9, 14, …….. , 254.
8. (i) Find the value of x for which the numbers (5𝑥 + 2), (4𝑥 − 1) and (𝑥 + 2) are in A.P.
(ii) If (𝑘 − 3), (2𝑘 + 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4𝑘 + 3) are three consecutive terms of an A.P., find the value of k.
9. Find the sum of first 15 terms of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, ………
10. Find the sum: 33 + 37 + 41 + …… + 101.
11. How many terms of the A.P. 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, …….. must be taken to get the sum 250?
12. Find the sum of all 2-digit numbers which are visible by 3.
12. REFLECTION
Q.1 A point lies on x axis at a distance of 4 units from y-axis. What are the co-ordinates of this
point ?
Q.2 A point lies on y-axis at a distance of 5 units from x-axis. What are the co-ordinates of this
point ?
Q.3 Use a graph paper for this question.
i) The point P(2, -4) is reflected about the line x = 0 to get the image Q. Find the
co-ordinates of Q.
ii) Point Q is reflected about line y = 0 to get the image R. Find the co-ordinates of R.
iii) Name the figure PQR.
iv) Find the area of figure PQR.

Q.4 Using a Graph Paper plot the point A(6, 4) and B(0, 4).
i) Reflect A and B in the origin to get the images A’ and B’
ii) Write the co-ordinates of A’ and B’
iii) State the geometrical name for the figure ABA’B’.
iv) Find its perimeter.

Q.5 Use a graph paper to answer the following questions Take 1 cm = 1 unit on both
the axes.
i) Plot A(4, 4), B(4, -6) and C(8, 0) the vertices of a ∆ABC.
ii) Reflect ABC on the y-axis and name it as A’B’C’.
iii) Write the co-ordinates of the images A’, B’ and C’.
 iv) Give a geometrical name for the figure
v) Identify the line of symmetry of AA’C’B’BC.

Q.6 Use graph paper to answer the following questions. Take 1 cm = 1 unit on both the
axes.
i) Plot the points A(4, 6) and B(1, 2)
ii) Take A’ as the image of A when reflected in x-axis.
iii) Take B’ as the image of B when reflected in the line AA’.
iv) Give a geometrical name for the figure ABA’B’.

Q.7 Use graph paper to answer the following questions. Take 1 cm = 1 unit along each
axes.
Plot the points A(-2, 0) and B(4, 0), C(1, 4) and D(-2, 4).
i) Draw the line of symmetry of ∆ABC. Name it 𝐿1 .
ii) Point D is reflected about the line 𝐿1 to get the image E. Write the co-ordinates of E.
iii) Name the figure ABED.
iv) Draw all the lines of symmetry of the figure ABED.

13. SECTION AND MID POINT FORMULAE

Q.1 Find the co-ordinates of the point P which divides the line segment joining A(8, 9)
and B(-7, 4), internally in the ratio 2:3
Q.2 Find the co-ordinates of the point of trisection of the line segment joining the
points A(2, 1) and B(5, -8)
Q.3 Given a line segment AB joining the points A(-4, 6) and B (8, -3).
i) the ratio in which AB is divided by y-axis,
ii) the co-ordinates of the point of intersection,
iii) the length of AB
Q.4 In what ratio is the of A(3, -1) and B(-7, 9) divided by the point P(-1, b)?
Hence, find the value of b.
Q.5 Find the ratio in which the line joining A(6, 5) and B(4, -3) is divided by the line
y = 2. Also, find the co-ordinates of the point of intersection.
Q.6 The co-ordinates of one end-point of a diameter of a circle are (3, 5). If the co-
ordinates of the centre be (6, 6), find the co-ordinates of the other end of the
diameter.
Q.7 The three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, taken in order are A(2, -1), B(3, 4)
and C(-2, 3). Find the co-ordinates of the fourth vertex.
Q.8 Two vertices of a ∆ABC are A(6, -2) ND B(4, 3) if the co-ordinates of its centroid
be (3, -1), Find the co-ordinates of the third vertex of the triangle.
Q.9 A(6, y), B(-4, 4) and C(x, -1) are the vertices of ∆ABC whose centroid is the
origin. Calculate the values of x and y.
14. EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE
Q.1 Find the equation of a straight line whose inclination with x-axis is 60° and whose
y-intercept is – 5.
Q.2 The equation of a line is 2x - 2√3𝑦 - √3 = 0. Find:
(i) The gradient of the line; (ii) The inclination of the line; (iii) The y-intercept of the line;
3
Q.3 Find the equation of the whose gradient is 2
and which passes through the point P,
where P divides the join of A(-2, 6) and B(3,- 4) in in the ratio 2 : 3.
Q.4 Find the eq. of a line passing through the point (-2, 3) and having the x-intercept=4
Q.4 In Δ ABC, A(3, 5), B(7, 8) and C(1, -10) are the vertices. Find
the equation of median through A.

Q.5 The line through a point P(5, 3) intersects y- axis at Q,

making an angle of 45° with the x-axis.?
(i) Write the slope of the line PQ.
(ii) Write the equation of line PQ.
(iii) Find the co-ordinates of Q.

Q.6 A and B are two points on the x-axis and y-axis

respectively and P(2, -3) is the mid-point of AB.
Find:
(i) the co-ordinates of A and B.
(ii) slope of line AB,
(iii) equation of line AB.

Q.7 Find the slope of a line passing through the points A (-2,-3) and B (1,2). Hence Find :
(i) the slope of a line parallel to AB. (ii) the slope of a line perpendicular to AB

Q.8 Find the value of K such that line through A (3, k) and B (2, 7) is parallel to the line
through C (-1, 4) and D (0, 6).

Q.9 The line through the points A (-2, 3) and B (4, b) is perpendicular to the line
2x – 4y = 5. Find the value of b.

Q.10 Find the value of p which the lines, 2x + 3y -7 = 0 and 4y – px -12 = 0 are perpendicular
to each other.

Q.11 Find the equation of a line which has y-intercept 4, and is parallel to the line 2x-3y-7 =0
Find the co-ordinates of the point, where the line cuts x-axis.

Q.12 Find the equation of the line passing through (-2, -4) and perpendicular to the line
3x – y + 5 = 0.

Q.13 Points A (7, -3) and B (1, 9) have been given. Find:
(i) the slope of AB;
(ii) the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB;
(iii) the value of p if (-2, p) lies on it.

Q.14 The equation of a line is 3x + 4y – 7 = 0.

Find:
(i) the slope of the given line,
(ii) the equation of a line perpendicular to the given line and passing through the
intersection of the lines x - y + 2 = 0 and 3x + y – 10 = 0.
Q.15 P(3, 4), Q(7,-2), and R(-2, -1) are the vertices of a ΔPQR. Write down the equation of the
median of the triangle through ∠R.

Q.16 Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (1, 2) and
(5, 6).

Q.17 A(2, -4), B(3,3) and C(-1, 5) are the vertices of ΔABC. Find the equation of the altitude of
the triangle through C.

Q.18 A(2, -2), B(1, 1) and C(-1, 0) are the vertices of ΔABC.
Find:
(i) the equation of altitude through A;
(ii) the equation of altitude through B;
(iii) the co-ordinates of the orthocenter of ΔABC.

Q.19 (i) Find the equation of the line parallel to the line 3x + 2y = 8 and passing through the
point (0,1)
(ii) Find the equation of a line parallel to the line 2x + 5y = 9 and passing through the mid-
point of the line segment joining A(2,7) and B(-4,1).

Q.20 Find the equation of the line passing through the point (-2,1) and parallel to the line
joining the points A(4,-3) and B(-1,5).

Q.21 A line segment AB meets x-axis at A and y-axis at B. P(4,-1) divides AB in the ratio 1:2.
(i) Find the co-ordinates of A and B.
(ii) Find the equation of the line through P and perpendicular to AB.

Q.22 The vertices of a ∆ ABC are A(3,8), B(-1,2) and C(6,-6) Find :
(i) Slope of BC
(ii) Equation of a line perpendicular to BC and passing through A.

16. SIMILARITY OF TRIANGLES

Q.1 In the adjoining figure, DE ∥ BC.

(i) If AD = 3.4 cm, AB = 8.5 cm and AC = 13.5 cm, Find AE.
𝐴𝐷 3
(ii) If 𝐷𝐵
= 5
and AC =9.6 cm, find AE.

Q.2 In the adjoining figure, AD =5.6 cm, AB = 8.4 cm, AE = 3.8 cm and AC =
5.7 cm. Show that DE ∥ BC.
Q.3 In the given figure, △ ABC is right-angled at B and BD ⊥ AC.

Q.4 In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB ∥ DC and the

diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
Prove that :
(i) △ OCD ∽ △ OAB
(ii) If OA = (2x + 1) cm, OB = (5x – 3) cm, OC = (6x – 5) cm and OD =
(3x – 1) cm, find the value of x.

Q.5 The altitudes BQ and CP of △ ABC meet at O. Prove that

(i) CQ.OP = BP.OQ
(ii) △ POQ ∽ △ BOC

Q.6 In the adjoining figure, PQ ∥ BC. Prove that median AD bisects PQ.

Q.7 In the given figure, it is given that ∠ ABD = ∠ CDB = ∠ PQB = 90°. If
1 1 1
AB = x units, CD = y units and PQ = z units, prove that 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧.

Q.8 In △ ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠ A. If BC = 10 cm, BD = 6 cm and

AC = 6 cm, Find AB.
Q.9 In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram, P is a point on
side BC and DP when produced meets AB produced at L.
Prove that :
(i) DP : PL = DC : BL (ii) DL : DP = AL : DL

Q.10 In the adjoining figure, (not drawn to scale), PS = 4 cm, SR = 2 cm,

PT = 3 cm and QT = 5 cm. (i) Show that △ PQR ∽ △ PST.
(ii) Calculate ST, If QR = 5.8 cm.

Q.11 In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB = 16

cm, BC = 10 cm and L is a point on AC such that CL : LA = 2 :
3. If BL produced meets CD at M and AD produced at N, prove
that (i) △ CLB ∽ △ ALN (ii) △ CLM ∽ △ ALB.

Q.12 In the given figure DE ∥ BC AND BD ∥ DC.

(i) Prove that DE bisects ∠ ADC.
(ii) If AD = 4.5 cm, AE = 3.9 cm and DC = 7.5 cm, Find CE.
(iii) Find the ratio AD : DB.

Q.13 In the given figure, ∠ ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC.

If AB = 5.7 cm, BD = 3.8 cm and CD = 5.4 cm, find BC.
Q.14 ABC is right angled triangle with ∠ ABC = 90°. D is a point on AB and DE
is perpendicular to AC. Prove that :
(i) ∆ ADE ~ ∆ ACB
(ii) If AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm and AE = 4 cm, find DE and AD.

Q.15 In ∆ ABC, ∠ ABC = ∠ DAC, AB = 8 cm, AC = 4 cm, AD = 5 cm.

(i) Prove that ∆ ACD ~ ∆ BCA
(ii) Find BC and CD.

Q.16 In the given figure, ∆ ABC and ∆ AMP are right angled at B and M
respectively.
Given : AC = 10 cm, AP = 15 cm and MP = 12 cm
(i) Prove that ∆ ABC ~ ∆ AMP
(ii) Find AB and BC.

Q.17 In the given figure, ABC is a triangle with ∠ EDB = ∠ ACB.

Prove that ∆ ABC ~ ∆ EBD.
If BE = 6 cm, EC = 4 cm, BD = 5 cm and area of ∆ BED = 9 cm2
Calculate : Length of AB

Q.18 In the adjoining figure, DE ∥ BC and AD : DB = 4 : 3.

(i) Show that ∆ ADE ~ ∆ ABC.
AD DE
(ii) Find AB
and BC
.

Q.19 In the adjoining figure, PQRS is a parallelogram with PQ = 15 cm and

RQ = 10 cm. If L is a point on RP such that RL : PL = 2 :3 and QL
produced meets RS at M and PS produced at N. Find the lengths of
PN and RM.
 PM 2
Q.20 In ∆ PQR, MN is parallel to QR and = .
QM 3
MN
(i) Find QR
.
(ii) Prove that ∆ OMN and ∆ ORQ are similar.

Q.21 PQR is a triangle, S is a point on the side QR of ∆ PQR such

that ∠ PSR = ∠ QPR. Given QP = 8 cm. PR = 6 cm and SR = 3
cm.
(i) Prove that ∆ PQR ~ ∆ SPR.
(ii) Find the length of QR and PS.

18. ANGLE AND CYCLIC PROPERTIES OF A CIRCLE

Q.1 In the given figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O.

If ∠BCD = 130°; Find: (i) ∠DAB (ii) ∠DBA.

Q.2 In the given circle with diameter AB, find the value of x.

Q.3 If O is the centre of the circle, find the value of x in

each the following figures, giving reasons.

Q.4 If O is the centre of the given circle, find the value

of x in each the following figures, giving reasons.
Q.5 Given that O is the centre of the circle, find the value of x in each the following figures,
give reasons for your answer.

Q.6 In the adjoining figure, chords AC and BD of a circle with centre

O, intersect at right angles at E. ∠OAB = 25°, calculate ∠EBC.

Q.7 In the given figure, DE is a chord parallel to the diameter to

the diameter AC of a circle with centre O. If ∠CBD = 70°,
calculate ∠CDE.

Q.8 In the adjoining figure, C and D are points on a semi-circle

described on AB as diameter. If ∠ABC = 55° and ∠CAD = 30°,
calculate ∠BAC and ∠ACD.

Q.9 In the given figure, AB is a diameter of the circle. Find

∠AED +∠DCB. Give reasons for your answer.

Q.10 In the adjoining figure, AC is a diameter of a circle with centre O and

chord BD is perpendicular to AC. Write down the values of the
angles p, q, and r in terms of x.

Q.11 In the adjoining figure, PQ is a diameter of a circle with centre O in

which PRT and QST are straight lines.
If ∠ROS = 40° , Calculate ∠RTS.
Q.12 In the adjoining figure, AC is a diameter of a circle with centre O. If
CD ∥ BE, ∠AOB = 80° and ∠ACE = 10° ,
Find (i) ∠BEC (ii) ∠BCD (iii) ∠CED

Q.13 In the adjoining figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O and

CD ∥ BA. ∠BAC = 20°,
Find the value of (i) ∠BOC (ii) ∠DOC (iii) ∠DAC (iv) ∠ADC

Q.14 In the given figure, two circles with centres A and B intersect
in points C and D. The centre B of the smaller circle lies on the
circumference of the bigger circle. If E is a point on the smaller
circle and ∠CAD = 40°, find, ∠CED.

Q.15 In the given figure, sides AB and DC of a cyclic quadrilateral are

produced to meet at a point P and the sides AD and BC are produced
to meet at a point Q. If ∠ADC = 75° and ∠BPC = 50°,
Calculate: (i) ∠BAD and (ii) ∠CQD.

Q.16 In the given figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O. A circle

described on AO as diameter. A chord AD of the bigger circle intersects
the smaller circle at C. Prove that BD = 2 (OC).

Q.17 In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. If ∠AOB = 140° and
∠OAC = 50°, find:
(i) ∠ABC (ii) ∠BCO (iii) ∠OAB (iv) ∠BCA.

Q.18 PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral. Given ∠QPS = 73° and ∠PQS = 55°,
and ∠PSR = 82°, calculate: ∠QRS, ∠RQS and ∠PRQ.
Q.19 In the given figure, O is of the centre of the circle. And ∠AOC = 160°. Prove
that 3∠Y - 2∠X = 140°.

Q.20 In the given figure, O is of the centre of the circle. And ∠BAD = 75° and
chord BC = Chord CD.
Find: (i) ∠BOC (ii) ∠OBD (iii) ∠BCD

Q.21 In the given figure, O is of the centre of the circle. ∠DAE = 70° and
Find giving suitable reasons, the measure of:
(i) ∠BCD (ii) ∠BOD (iii) ∠OBD

Q.22 In the adjoining figure, ∠BAD = 65°, ∠ABD = 70° and ∠BDC = 45°.
Find (i) ∠BCD (ii) ∠ADB

Q.23 In the figure, AB is parallel to DC , ∠BCE = 80° and ∠BAC = 25°.

Find : (i) ∠CAD (ii) ∠CBD (iii) ∠ADC

Q.24 In the given figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre O and chord
ED is parallel to AB and EAB = 65°.
Calculate : (𝑖) ∠EBA (ii) ∠BED (iii) ∠BCD
Q.25 In the given figure, O is the cetre of a circle and ABE is a straight line. If
CBE = 55 , Find (𝑖) ∠ADC (ii)∠ABC (iii) the value of x.

Q.26 In the given figure, AB is a diameter of a circle with centre

O. If ADE and CBE are straight lines, meeting at E such
that ∠BAD = 35° and ∠BED = 25° ,
Find : (𝑖) ∠DCB (ii)∠DBC (iii) ∠BDC.

Q.27 In the given figure, the straight lines AB and CD pass through the
centre O of the circle. If ∠AOD = 75° and ∠OCE = 40°,
Find : (𝑖) ∠CDE (ii)∠OBE

Q.28 In the given figure, O is the cetre of a circle, If QR = OP and

∠ORP = 20°, find the value of x giving reasons.

Q.29 In the given figure, ∠DBC = 58° and BD is a diameter of the circle.
Calculate : (𝑖) ∠BDC (ii)∠BEC (iii) ∠BAC

Q.30 In the given figure, ABCDE is a pentagon inscribed in a circle such

that AC is a diameter and side BC AE. If BAC = 50 , Find giving
reason :
(i) ACB
(ii) EDC
(iii) BEC
Hence prove that BE is also a diameter.
19. TANGENT PROPERTIES OF CIRCLES

Q.1 A point A is 26 cm away from the centre of a circle and the length of tangent drawn from A
to the circle is 24 cm. Find the radius of the circle.

Q.2 In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral whose sides AB, BC, CD
and DA touch a given circle at the points P, Q, R, S respectively.
Prove that : AB + CD = AD + BC

Q.3 In the given figure, the in circle of ∆ ABC touches the sides AB, BC, and CA
at the points P, Q, R respectively.
1
Show that AP + BQ + CR = BP + CQ + AR = (Perimeter of ∆ ABC).
2

Q.4 In the given figure, a circle touches the side BC of ∆ ABC at P and AB and
AC produced at Q and R respectively.
1
Prove that : AQ = AR = (Perimeter of ∆ ABC).
2

Q. 5 In the given figure, O is the center of the circle and AB is a tangent

at B. If AB = 15 cm and AC = 7.5 cm calculate the radius of the
circle.

Q.6 In the given figure, O is the center of the circle. Tangents at A

and B meet at C. If ∠ACO = 30°, find (i) ∠BCO (ii) ∠AOB
(iii) ∠APB

Q.7 In the given figure, PQ = QR, ∠RQP = 68°, PC and CQ are

tangents to the circle with center O. Calculate the values of :
(i) ∠QOP (ii) ∠QCP
Q.8 In the given figure, O is the center of the circle and AB is a tangent
to it at a point B. Find ∠ BAO.

Q.9 In ∆ PQR, it is given that PQ = 24 cm, QR = 7 cm, and ∠ PQR = 90°.

Find the radius of the inscribe circle.

Q.10 ∆ ABC is a triangle with AB = 10 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 6 cm.

Three circle are drawn touching each other with vertices as their
centres. Find the radii of the three circles.

Q.11 In the given figure, all the sides of a quadrilateral ABCD touch a
circle with centre O.
Prove that ∠ AOB + ∠ COB = 180° and ∠ BOC + ∠ AOD = 180°

Q.12 Two circles of radii 25 cm and 9 cm touch each other externally. Find
the length of the direct common tangent.

Q.13 Two circles of radii 18 cm and 8 cm touch externally. Find the length of a direct common
tangent to the two circles.

Q.14 ∆ ABC is a right-angled triangle in which ∠ A = 90° , AC =

12 cm and BC = 13 cm. A circle with centre O has been
inscribed inside the triangle.
Calculate the value of x, the radius of the inscribed circle.
Q.15 In the given figure, O is the centre of each one of two
concentric circles of radii 4 cm and 6 cm respectively. PA
and PB are tangents to outer and inner circle respectively. If
PA = 10 cm, Find the length of PB, upto two places of decimal.

Q.16 In the given figure, ∆ ABC is circumscribed. The circle touches

the sides AB, BC, and CA at P, Q, R respectively. If AP = 5 cm,
BP = 7 cm, AC = 14 cm and BC = x cm, Find the value of x.

Q.17 In the given figure, PA and PB are two tangents to the circle with
centre O. If ∠ APB = 40°, Find ∠ AQB and ∠ AMB.

Q.18 In the given figure, PA and PB are two tangents to the circle with
centre O. If ∠ APB = 50°, Find (i) ∠ AOB (ii) ∠ OAB (iii) ∠ ACB

Q.19 In the given figure, PA and PB are tangent to a circle with centre O and
∆ ABC has been inscribed in the circle such that AB = AC.
If ∠ BAC = 72°, Calculate (i) ∠ AOB (ii) ∠ APB

Q.20 In the given figure, a circle is inscribed in quad. ABCD. If BC = 38 cm,

BQ = 27 cm, DC = 25 cm and AD ⊥ DC, Find the radius of the circle.

Q.21 In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and SP is tangent. If
∠ SRT = 65°, Find the values of x, y and z.
Q.22 Two chords AB and CD of a circle intersect at a point P inside the circle
such that PA = 6 cm, PB = 5 cm and CD = 13 cm. Find PC.

Q.23 In the given figure, chords AB and CD when extended meet at P. If AB

= 4 cm, PB = 6 cm and PD = 5 cm,
Calculate the length of CD.

Q.24 In the figure alongside, AB = 7 cm and BC = 9 cm.

(i) Prove that ∆ ACD ∼ ∆ DCB
(ii) Find the length of CD.

Q.25 In the given circle with centre O. ∠ ABC = 100°, ∠ ACD = 40° and CT is
a tangent to the circle at C. Find ∠ ADC and ∠ DCT.

Q.26 In the given figure, AE and BC intersect each other at a point D. If

∠ CDE = 90°, AB = 5 cm, BD = 4 cm and CD = 9 cm, Find DE.

Q.27 In the given figure, PT touches a circle with centre O at R.

Diameter SQ when produced meets PT at P. If ∠ SPR = x°, and
∠ QRP = y°, show that x° + 2y° = 90°.

Q.28 In the given figure, AB is a diameter and AC is a chord of a

circle such that ∠ BAC = 30°. The tangent at C intersects AB
produced in D.
Find (i) ∠ CBA (ii) ∠ CDB
Show that BC = BD.
Q.29 In the adjoining figure, PQ is a tangent to the circle at A. AB and
AD are bisectors of ∠ CAQ and ∠ PAC respectively. If BAQ = 30°,
prove that
(i) BD is a diameter of the circle
(ii) ABC is an isosceles triangle.

Q.30 In the given figure, AB is a common tangent to two circles

intersecting at C and D. Prove that ∠ ACB + ∠ ADB = 180°.

Q.31 In the adjoining figure, PT is a tangent to the circle. Find PT, if AP

= 16 cm and AB = 12 cm.

Q.32 In the given figure, PAT is a tangent at A. If ∠ ACB = 50°, find (i)
∠ TAB (ii) ∠ ADB

Q.33 In the given figure, PAT is a tangent at A. If ∠ TAB = 70°, and

∠ BAC = 45°, find ∠ ABC.

Q.34 In the given figure, PAT is a tangent at A, to the circle with centre O.
If ∠ ABC = 35°,
Find (i) ∠ TAC (ii) ∠ PAB.
Q.35 In the given figure, PAT is a tangent at A and BD is diameter of the
circle. . If ∠ ABD = 28°, and ∠ BDC = 52°, find (i) ∠ TAD (ii) ∠ BAD
(iii) ∠ PAB (iv) ∠ CBD

Q.36 In the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle with centre O and BT is a
tangent to the circle. If ∠ OAB = 35°, find the values of x and y.

Q.37 In the given figure, AC is a tangent to thr circle with centre O. If ∠ ADB
= 55°, find the values of x and y. Give reasons for your answers.

21. VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA OF SOLIDS (Cylinder, Cone and Sphere)

Q.1 Find the (i) Curved radius surface area (ii) Total surface area and (iii) Volume of
a cylinder of diameter 7 cm and height 80 cm. Find its capacity in liters.

Q.2 The total surface area of cylinder of radius 5 cm is 660 𝑐𝑚2 . Find the height of
the cylinder.

Q.3 The Curved surface area and the volume of a cylindrical pillar are 264 𝑚2 and
924 𝑚3 respectively. Find the diameter and the height of the pillar.

Q.4 How many cubic meters of earth must be dug out to sink a well 24 m deep having
a diameter of 7 meters? Also find the cost of plastering the inner curved surface
at ₹ 50 per square metre.

Q.5 Find the number of coins 1.5 cm in diameter and 0.2 cm thick to be melted to
form a right circular cylinder of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm.

Q.6 A well with 14 m diameter is dug 12 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been
evenly spread all around it to a width of 21 m to form an embankment. Find
the height of the embankment.

Q.7 Find the weight of a lead pipe 7 m ling, if the external diameter of the pipe is
2.4 cm and the thickness of the lead is 2 mm, it being given that 1 cubic cm of
lead weighs 11 grams.

Q.8 The height of a cone is 20 cm and the radius of its base is 15 cm.
 Find (i) the slant height of the cone;
(ii) the lateral surface area of the cone;
(iii) the total surface area of the cone;
(iv) the volume of the cone.

Q.9 The volume of a conical tent is 1232 𝑚3 and the area of the base floor is
154 𝑚2 .
Calculate :- (i) the radius of the floor;
(ii) the height of the tent;
(iii) the length of the canvas to cover this conical tent, it being given
that the width of the canvas is 2 m.

Q.10 The total surface area of a right circular cone of slant height 13 cm is 90𝜋 𝑐𝑚2
Calculate :- (i) its radius in cm,
(ii) its volume in 𝑐𝑚2 in terms of 𝜋.

Q.11 A girls fills a cylinder bucket 32 cm in height and 18 cm in radius with sand.
She empties the bucket on the ground and makes a conical heap of the sand.
If the height of the conical heap is 24 cm, find :
(i) its radius, (ii) its slant height.
(leave your answer in square root form)

Q.12 From a solid cylinder of height 30 cm and radius 7 cm a conical cavity of

height 24 cm and of base radius 7 cm is drilled out. Find the volume and the
total surface of the remaining solid.

Q.13 A conical tent is to accommodate 77 persons. Each person must have 16𝑚3 of
air to breathe. Given the radius of the tent as 7 m, find the height of the tent
and also its curved surface area.

Q.14 From a circular cylinder of diameter 10 cm and height 12 cm, a conical cavity of
the same base radius and of the same height is hollowed out. Find the volume
and the whole surface of the remaining solid. Leave the answer in 𝜋.

22
Q.15 Find the volume and surface area a sphere whose diameter is 21 cm. (𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 ).
7

Q.16 The volume of a sphere is 36 𝑐𝑚3 . Find the surface area of the sphere, correct to
22
nearest 𝑐𝑚2 (𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 7
).

Q.17 A solid sphere of radius 15 cm is melted and recast into solid right cones, each of
radius 2.5 cm and height 8 cm. calculate the number of cones recast.

Q.18 A hollow sphere of internal and external radii 6 cm and 8 cm respectively is melted
and recast into small cones of base radius 2 cm and height 8 cm. find the
number of cones formed.

Q.19 A hemi-spherical bowl of diameter 7.2 cm is filled completely with chocolate sauce.
This sauce is poured into an inverted cone of radius 4.8 cm. find the height of the
cone.

Q.20 The given figure represent a hemi-sphere surmounted by a conical block of wood.
The diameter of their base is 6 cm each and the slant height of the cone is 5 cm.
Calculate : (i) the height of the cone,
 (ii) the volume of the solid.

Q.1 A solid cone of radius 5 cm and height 8 cm is melted and made into small sphere,
ecch of radius 0.5 cm. Find the number of sphere formed.

Q.2 A toy is in the shape of a right circular cylinder with a hemisphere on one end and
a Cone on the other. The height and radius of the cylindrical part are 13 cm and
5 cm respectively. The radii of the hemispherical and conical parts are the same
as that of the cylinder part. Calculate the surface area and volume of the toy, if
the height of the conical part is 12 cm.

Q.3 A certain number of metallic cones, each of radius 2 cm and height 3 cm are melted and
recast into a solid sphere of radius 6 cm. Find the number of cones.

Q.4 Two solid sphere of radii 2 cm and 4 cm are melted and recast into a cone of height 8 cm.
Find the radius of the cone so formed.

Q.5 The surface area of a solid metallic sphere is 2464 𝑐𝑚2 . It is melted and recast into solid
right circular cones of radius 3.5 cm and height 7 cm.

Q.6 A Metallic sphere of radius 10.5 cm is melted and then recast into small cones, each of
radius 3.5 cm and height 3 cm. Find the number of cones thus obtained.

Q.7 The surface area of a solid metallic sphere is 616 𝑐𝑚2 . It is melted and recast into smaller
sphere of diameter 3.5 cm. how many such sphere can be obtained?

Q.8 A copper sphere having a radius of 6 cm is melted and then drawn into a cylindrical wire
of radius 2 mm. Calculate the length of the wire.

Q.9 A solid metallic sphere of radius 6 cm is melted and made into a solid cylinder of height 32
cm. Find the :
(i) radius of the cylinder (ii) curved surface area of the cylinder
(Take 𝜋 = 3.1)

Q.10 The adjoining figure represents a solid consisting of a right circular

cylinder with a hemisphere at one end and a cone at the other.
Their common radius is 7 cm. the height of the cylinder and cone
each is 4 cm. Find the volume of the solid.

Q.11 A hemispherical and a conical hole is scooped out of a solid wooden

cylinder. Find the volume of the remaining solid where the
measurements are as follows :
The height of the solid cylinder is 7 cm, radius of each of hemisphere,
cone and cylinder is 3 cm. Height of cone is 3 cm.
22
(Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number. Take 𝜋 = 7

Q.12 If the ratio of the volumes of two sphere is 1 : 8, find the ratio of their surface areas.
22. TRIGONOMETRICAL IDENTITTIES
sin 𝐴 (1+cos 𝐴)
Q.1 Prove that : + = 2 cosec A.
(1+cos 𝐴) sin 𝐴
Q.2 Prove that : (cosec A – sin A) (sec A – cos A) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 A = tan A.

cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
Q.3 Prove that : + = (cos A + sin A).
(1−tan 𝐴) (1−cot 𝐴)

sec 𝐴 sec 𝐴
Q.4 Prove that : (sec 𝐴−1)
+ (sec 𝐴+1)
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 A

1 1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
Q.5 Prove that : (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)
+ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)
= (1−2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴)
.

Q.6 Prove that :

1−sin 𝐴
(i) = (sec A – tan A)2
1+sin 𝐴

1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(ii) = (cosec A + cot A)2
1−cos 𝐴

Q. 7 Prove that :
1
(i) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴−cot 𝐴
= (cosec A + cot A)

1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(ii) 1−cos 𝐴
= (1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 A - 2sec A tan A)

Q.8 Prove that :

sin 𝐴
(i) = (cosec A - cot A)
(1+cos 𝐴)

1
Q.9 Prove that : 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴−cot 𝐴
= (cosec A + cot A)

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ∅ 1+cos ∅
Q.10 Prove that : (𝑠𝑒𝑐∅−1)2
= 1−cos ∅

Q.11 Prove that : tan A + cot A = sec A cosec A.

Q.12 Prove that : (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 A – 1) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 A = 1.

1−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
Q.13 Prove that : √ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)

1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 cos 𝐴
Q.14 Prove that : : √1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
Q.15 Prove that : 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−2𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴
Q.16 Prove that : = tan A
2𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
Q.17 Prove that : 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
= (1 + sec𝜃)

Q.18 Prove that : 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝐴 = 1 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴

Q.19 Prove that : 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝐴
Q.20 Prove each of the following identities :-
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−1 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(i) 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+1
= 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 tan 𝐴
(ii) = 1 + sec A
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

(iii) (1 + tan 𝐴)2 + (1 − tan 𝐴)2 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴

(iv) (cosec 𝜃 – sin 𝜃) (sec 𝜃 – cos 𝜃) (tan 𝜃 + cot 𝜃) = 1
(v) (1 + cot A – cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝐴−𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴
(vi) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
+ cos 𝐴−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
=2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃+1
(vii) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
(viii) 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
+ tan 𝐴 = sec 𝐴

(ix) (sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃) (tan 𝜃 + cot 𝜃) = sec 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃

23. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

Q.1 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower at a distance of 90 meters from its foot on a
horizontal plane is found to be 30°. Find the height of the tower.

Q. 2 A man observes the angle of elevation of the top of a building to be 30°. He walks towards
it in a horizontal line through its base. On covering 60 m, the angle of elevation changes to
60° Find the height of the building correct to the nearest metre.

Q.3 A vertical pole and a vertical tower are on the same level ground. From the top of the pole,
the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60° and the angle of depression of the foot of
the tower is 30°. Find the height of the tower if the height of the pole is 20 m.

Q.4 In the figure given, from the top of a building AB = 60 m high, the
angle of depression of the top and bottom of a vertical lamp CD are
observed to be 30° and 60° repectivly. Find:
(i) the horizontal distance between AB and CP,
(ii) the height of the lamp post

Q.5 As observed from the top of a 80 m tall lighthouse, the angles of

depression of two ships on the same side of the lighthouse in horizontal line with its base
are 30° and 40° respectively. Find the distance between the ship. Give your answer correct
to the nearest metre.

Q.6 From the top of a lighthouse 100 m high the angles of depression of two ships on opposite
sides of it are 45° and 30° respectively. Find the distance between the two ships to the
nearest metre.

Q.7 The shadow of a tower, when the angle of elevation of sun is 45°, is found to be 10 m longer
than when it was 60°. Find the height of the tower.

Q.8 The upper part of a tree, broken by the wind, falls to the ground without being detatched.
The top of the broken part touches the ground at an angle of 30° at a point 6 m from the
foot of the tree. Calculate :
(i) the height at which the tree is broken, (ii) the original height of the tree.
Q.9 A person standing on the bank of a river observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a
tree standing on the opposites bank is 60°. When he moves 50 m away from the bank, he
finds the angle of elevation to be 30° . Calculate :
(i) the width of the river, and (ii) the height of the tree.

Q.10 The angle of elevation of a jet-plane from a point A on the ground is 60°. After a flight of 15
seconds, the angle of elevation changes to 30°. If the jet-plane is flying horizontally at a
constant height of √3 m, find the speed of the jet-plane.

Q.11 A boy of height 1.6 m is standing 15 m away from a flagstaff on the same level ground. He
observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the flagstaff is 30°. Calculate the height of
the flagstaff.

Q.12 A boy standing on the ground finds a bird flying at a distance of 100 m from him at an
elevation of 30°. A girl standing on the roof of a 20 m high building, finds the angle of
elevation of the same bird to be 45°. The boy and the girl are on opposite sides of the
bird. Find the distance of the bird from the girl.

Q.13 The distance between two vertical poles is 40 m. The height of one of the poles is double the
height of the other. The angles of elevation of the tops of the poles from the middle point of
the line segment joining their feet, are complementary. find the heights of the poles.

Q.14 The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 100 m above a lake is 30° and the angle of
depression of its reflection in the lake is 60°. Find the height of the cloud from the lake.

Q.15 A vertical tower is 20 m high. A man standing at some distance from the tower knows that
the cosine of the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 0.53. how far is he standing
from the foot of the tower?

Q.16 From two points A and B on the same side of a building, the angles of elevation of the top
of the building are 30° and 60° respectively. If the height of the building is 10 m,
find the distance between A and B, correct two decimal places.

Q.17 The shadow of a vertical tower AB on level ground is

increased by 10 m, when the altitude of the sun changes
from 45° to 30° as shown in the figure. Find the height of
1
the tower and give your answer correct to of a metre.
10

Q.18 From a window A, 10 m above the ground, the angle of elevation of the
5
top C of a tower is x°, where tan x = 2 and the angle of depression of
1
the foot D of the tower is y°, where tan y = 4. See the figure given
alongside. Calculate the height CD of the tower in metres .

Q.19 The angle of elevation from a point P of the top of a tower QR, 50 m
high is 60° and that of the tower PT from a point Q is 30° Find the
height of the tower PT, correct to the nearest metre.
Q.20 A man observed the angle of elevation of the top of the tower to be 45°. He walks towards it
in a horizontal line through its base. On covering 20m, the angle of elevation changes to
60°. Find the height of the tower correct to 2 significant figures.

Q.21 From the top of a hill the angles of depression of two consecutive kilometer stones, due cast
are found to be 30° and 45° respectively. Find the distance of the two stones from the foot
of the hill.

Q.22 An aeroplane at an altitude of 1500 m finds that two ships are sailing towards it in the same
direction. The angles of depression as observed from the aeroplane are 45° and
30° respectivel. Find the distance between the two ships.

25. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (MEAN)

Q.1 Using direct method, find the mean of the following frequency distribution :
Class-interval 80-100 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180
frequency 20 30 20 40 90

Q.2 Calculate the mean of the following distribution using Short Cut Method :
Marks 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80
Number of 2 6 10 12 9 7 4
students
Q.3 Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution using Short Cut Method :

Class-interval 40-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80

frequency 5 8 30 25 14 12 6
Q.4 Using Step Deviation Method, calculate the mean for the following data

Height 135- 140- 145- 150- 155- 160- 165- 170-

(in cm) 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175
Number 4 9 18 28 24 10 5 2
of boys

Q.5 The following table gives the life-time (in days) of 100 electric bulbs of a certain make :

life-time Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
(in days) 50 100 150 200 250 300
Number 7 21 52 79 91 100
of bulbs

Q.6 If the mean of the following observation is 16.6, find the numerical value of p.

Variate (xi) 8 12 15 18 20 25 30
Frequency (fi) 12 16 20 p 16 8 4

Q.7 Find the mean of the following frequency distribution.

Class-interval 0-50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300

Frequency 4 8 16 13 6 3

Q.8 If the mean of the following distribution is 24, find the value of a.

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of student 7 a 8 10 5
Q. The data on the number of patients attending a hospital in a month are given below. Find
the average (mean) number of patients attending the hospital in a month by using the
shortcut method.
Take the assume mean as 45. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.

Number of patients 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

Number of days 5 2 7 9 2 5

26. MEDIAN, QUARTILES AND MODE

Q.1 The height (in cm) of 50 students of a class are given below :

Height (in cm) 154 155 153 151 152 156 157
Number of students 4 10 12 6 3 8 7
Find : (i) Median (ii) First Quartile
(iii) Third quartile (iv) Interquartile range

Q.2 From the following frequency distribution find :

Find : (i) Median (ii) Upper quartile (Q1)
(iii) Upper quartile (Q3) (iv) Interquartile range
Variate 26 25 18 16 30 28 20 23
Frequency 6 4 8 9 5 11 13 4

Q.3 The marks obtained by 120 students in a test are given below :
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

Number 5 9 16 22 26 18 11 6 4 3
of
students
Draw an ogive for the given distribution.
Use suitable scale for ogive to estimate the following:
(i) The Median.
(ii) The number of students who obtained more that 75% marks in the test.
(iii)The number of students who did pass the test, if minimum marks required to pass
is 40.

Q.4 The following distribution represents the heights of 160 students of a school.
Height 140-145 145-150 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170 170-175 175-180
(in cm)
Number 12 20 30 38 24 16 12 8
of
Students
Draw an ogive for the given distribution taking 2cm = 5 cm of height on one axis and 2 cm
= 20 students on the other axis.
Using the graph, determine:
(i) The Median height.
(ii) The interquartile range.
(iii) The number of students whose height is above 172 cm.

Q.5 The monthly income of a group of 320 employees in a company is given below:
Monthly income (in ₹) Number of employees
6000-7000 20
7000-8000 45
8000-9000 65
 9000-10000 95
10000-11000 60
11000-12000 30
12000-13000 5

Draw an ogive of the given distribution on a graph sheet taking 1 cm = ₹ 1000 on one axis
and 1 cm = 50 employees on the other axis.
From the graph, determine:
(i) the median wage;
(ii) the number of employees whose income is below ₹ 8500;
(iii) If the salary of a senior employee is above is ₹ 11500, find the number of senior
employees of the company.
(iv) the upper quartile.

Q.6 The following table shows the number of casualties due to accidents at different age
groups in a city.
Age (in years) 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75
Number of casualties 6 10 16 15 24 8 7

Construct the ‘less than frequency curve’ for the above data.
Use 1cm=10 years on x-axis and 1cm=10 casualties on y-axis. Use graph paper for the
same.
From your graph, determine :
(i) the lower quartile
(ii) the upper quartile
(iii) the median
Q.7 Following table shows the marks obtained by 120 students at an examination in
mathematics.
Marks 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
Number of students 1 4 10 18 45 32 10
Prepare a cumulative frequency table and draw an ogive.
Use the ogive to estimate:
(i) the lower quartile
(ii) the upper quartile
(iii) the interquartile range.

Q.8 The following table show the distribution of marks obtained by a group of 400 students
in an examination.
Marks less than 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of students 5 10 30 60 105 180 270 355 390 400
Using a scale of 1cm=10marks and 1cm=50 students, plot these values and draw a
smooth curve through these points, Estimate from the graph:
(i) the median marks;
(ii) the lower quartile marks;
(iii) the upper quartile marks.

Q.9 Use graph paper for this question.

The marks obtained by 120 students in an English test are given below:
Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Number 5 9 16 22 26 18 11 6 4 3
of
students
Draw the ogive and hence, estimate:
 (i) the median marks
(ii) the number of students who did not pass the test if the pass percentage was 50.
(iii) the upper quartile marks.

Q.10 Marks obtained by 200 students in an examination are given below:

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Number 5 10 14 21 25 34 36 27 16 12
of
students
Draw an ogive for the given distribution taking 2cm = 10 marks on one axis and 2cm = 20
students on other axis.
From the graph, find:
(i) the median;
(ii) the upper-quartile;
(iii) number of students scoring more than 65 marks;
(iv) if 10 students quality for merit-scholarship, find the minimum marks required to
qualify.

Q.11 The table below shows the distribution of the scores obtained by 120 shooters in shooting
competition. Using a graph sheet, draw an ogive for the distribution.
Scores 0- 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
obtained 10
Number 5 9 16 22 26 18 11 6 4 3
of
shooters
Use your ogive to estimate:
(i) the median;
(ii) the inter-quartile range;
(iii) the number of shooters who obtained more than 75% score.

Q.12 The daily wages of 80 workers in a project are given below.

Wages (in ₹) 400-450 450-500 500-550 550-600 600-650 650-700 700-750

Number of 2 6 12 18 24 13 5
workers

Use a graph paper to draw an ogive for the above distribution. (Use a scale of 2cm = ₹ 50
on x-axis and 2cm = 10 workers on y-axis). Use your ogive to estimate:
(i) the median wage of the workers.
(ii) the lower quartile wage of the workers.
(iii) the number of workers who earn more than ₹ 625 daily.

Q.13 Use a graph paper, to draw an ogive for the following distribution which shows a record
of the weight in kilograms of 200 students.
Weight (in kg) 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80
Frequency 5 17 22 45 51 31 20 9
Use your ogive to estimate the following:
(i) the percentage of students weighing 55 kg or more;
(ii) the weight above which the heaviest 30% of the students fall;
(iii) the number of students who are (a) under weight (b) Over-weight, if 55.70 kg is
considered as standard weight.
Q.14 The table shows the distribution of the scores obtained by 160 shooters in a shooting
competition. Use a graph sheet and draw an ogive for the distribution (take 2cm = 10
scores on the x-axis and 2cm = 20 shooters on the y-axis)

Scores 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
Number 9 13 20 26 30 22 15 10 8 7
of
shooters
Use your ogive to estimate the following:
(i) The median;
(ii) The interquartile range;
(iii) The number of shooters who obtained a score of more than 85%.

Q.15 A survey regarding height (in cm) of 60 boys belonging to class 10 of a school was
conducted. The following data was recorded:

Height (in 135-140 140-145 145-150 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170

cm)
Number 4 8 20 14 7 6 1
of boys
Taking 2cm = height of 10cm along one axis and 2cm = 10 boys along the other axis, draw
an ogive of the above distribution. Use the graph to estimate the following:
(i) The median;
(ii) The lower quartile;
(iii) if above 158 cm is considered as the tall boys of the class, find the number of boys in
the class who are tall.

Q.16 In the class of 40 students, marks obtained by the students in a class test (out of 10) are
given below:

Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of students 1 2 3 3 6 10 5 4 3 3
Calculate the following for the given distribution:
(i) Median (ii) Mode

Q.17 For the following frequency distribution, draw a histogram. Hence calculate the mode.

Marks 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

Frequency 10 14 28 42 50 30 14 12

Q.18 Draw a histogram and hence estimate the mode for the following distribution.
Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
Frequency 2 5 18 14 8 5

Q.19 Using a graph paper, draw a histogram for the given distribution showing the number of
runs scored by 50 batsmen. From the histogram, estimate the mode of the data.
Runs scored 3000- 4000- 5000- 6000- 7000- 8000- 9000-
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
No. of batsmen 4 18 9 6 7 2 4
27. Probability

Q.1 Cards marks with numbers 1, 2, 3… 20 are well shuffled and a card is drawn at random.
What is the probability that the number on the card is :
(i) a prime number ? (ii) a number divisible by 3 ? (iii) a perfect square number ?

Q.2 A game of number has cards marked with 11,12,13,14,15,16,….,40. A card is drawn at
random. Find the probability that the number on the card is :
(i) a perfect square (ii) divisible by 7

Q.3 A box contains some black balls and 30 white balls. If the probability of drawing a black
ball is two-fifth of that of drawing a white ball, find the number of black balls in the box.

Q.4 From a pack of 52 playing cards, all cards bearing the numbers which are multiples of 3,
are removed. A card is now drawn at random. What is the probability that the card drawn
is:
(i) A face card (King, Jack or Queen)? (ii) An even number red card.

Q.5 A bag contains 5 black balls, 7 blue balls, .4 white balls and 6 red balls. One ball is drawn
at random from the bag, find the probability that the ball drawn is
(i) Red, (ii) black or white, (iii) not blue, (iv) neither black nor blue.

Q.6 Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting of getting:
(i) 10 as the sum of two numbers that turn up (ii) a doublet of even numbers
(iii) A total of at least 10. (iv) A multiple of 3 as the sum of two numbers that turn up

Q.7 Cards bearing numbers 2, 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 are kept in a bag. A card is drawn
at random from the bag. Find the probability of getting a card which is:
(i) Prime number (ii) a number divisible by 5 (iii) the number 6 (iv) an odd number

Q.8 There are 25 discs numbered 1 to 25. They are put in a closed box and shaken thoroughly.
A disc is drawn at random from the box.
Find the probability that the number on the disc is:
(i) An odd number (ii) divisible by 2 and 3 both (iii) a number less than 16

Q.9 Sixteen cards are labelled as a, b, c,…. m, n, o, p. They are put in a box and shuffled. A
boy is asked to draw a card from the box. What is a probability that the card drawn is:
(i) a vowel (ii) a consonant (iii) none of the letters of the word ‘median’
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