Precipitating Factors:

Hx of taking oral contraceptives

Immunosuppression
Predisposing Factors:
Diet
Gender (Female) Etiology:
Radiation exposure
Age (50 yrs old ↑) Unknown
Cigarette smoking
Family history (first line in family)
Obesity
Genetics
Alcohol use
Early menarche ate menopause
Virus
Hormonal therapy
Increasing age at first pregnancy
Permanent damage to DNA

Genetic mutation on the DNA

(BRCA1 and BRCA2)

Activation of growth promoting oncogenes Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes Alteration in Apoptopic genes

Breast
Neoplasm formation in the breast
Lump (1 cm growth)
Nipple inversion
Orange peel dimpling
Nipple discharge

Breast examination Primary tumor begins in the breast

Mammogram
Ultrasound
MRI
Scintimammography
Biopsy
Tumor becomes invasive
-Chemotherapy
If treated: -Hormone therapy
-Surgery -Radiation therapy
-Chemotherapy -Targeted therapy
-Radiotherapy -Surgery
Progressed beyond the breast to regional node.

Blood tests (CBC, Comprehensive metabolic panel)

Cancer cell destroyed Whole-body bone scan
CT scan
MRI of the spine or brain
Travel to the other organs PET scan
( through lymphatic system, bloodstream or local invasion ) X-ray
Death
Ultrasound of abdomen or chest
Bronchoscopy
Biopsy of any suspicious area
If not treated: Compromised the functions of the major organs. Tap (thoracentesis, spinal tap, paracentesis)
Lungs
Liver
Bones
Brain
Bone Metastases Brain Metastases

Pain Lung Metastases Liver Metastases Headache

Visual change (double or loss of
Pathological fracture Obstruction of the airway vision)
Jaundice (Yellowing of skin
Dizziness
or white of the eyes)
Seizure
Spinal cord compression Confusion
Malignant Pleural Effusion Weakness on one side of the body
Bleeding
Problem with coordination
Itching and rash
Personality change
Hypercalcemia Pneumonia Abdominal pain
Numbness
Increased abdominal girth
Early on, this may cause: Swelling of foot and hand
Nausea and vomiting Pulmonary hemorrhage
Increased thirst
Legends:
Weakness Cough Steroids
Muscle aches Fever Complication
Liver function test Whole- brain radiation
It can progress into serious Difficulty/ labored breathing PET scan
symptoms, including: Acute respiratory failure
Risk Factor
Confusion
Mechanism
Abnormal hearth rhythm
Shortness of breath
Coma Chemotherapy
Treatment
Hormonal therapy
Targeted therapy Signs/ Symptoms
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy General treatments for
Diagnostic /
Strontium 89 metastatic cancer
Laboratory test
Surgery Pleural drainage
Bone- modifying medication (
Zometa, Xgeva )