LESSON 6: INTRODUCTION TO PLUMBING
dispose of wastewater and sewage. Plumbing also
WHAT IS PLUMBING?
PLUMBING is the system of pipes, fixtures, and fittings
used to distribute and manage water, gas, and waste in
buildings, homes, and other structures. Plumbers are
skilled professionals who install, repair, and maintain
plumbing systems. Plumbing systems can include a wide
range of components, such as water supply pipes,
drainage pipes, sewer lines, gas pipes, valves, faucets,
toilets, sinks, and showers. Plumbing is critical to
modern living, providing clean water for drinking,
cooking, and cleaning, as well as safe and effective
wastewater disposal.
Plumbers may work in various settings, including
residential homes, commercial buildings, industrial
facilities, and construction sites. They use specialized
tools and equipment to troubleshoot and fix issues with
plumbing systems, such as leaks, clogs, and damaged
pipes. Properly installed and maintained plumbing
systems can help ensure the health and safety of
building occupants and the surrounding environment.
PLUMBING
- The art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and
other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply
of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing
them.
- Water, liquid and other carried-wastes hazardous to
health, sanitation, life and property
- Pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the ‘plumbing
system
PLUMBING
PLUMBER - title of the person who is skilled in plumbing
PLUMBARIUS - who worked in the field of sanitation in
ancient Rome
PLUMBUM - means lead, the material in ancient Rome
used in plumbing
THE OBJECTIVES OF PLUMBING
The objective of plumbing is to provide a
reliable and efficient system for supplying and
distributing water and gas throughout buildings and
homes, as well as for the safe and effective removal of
waste and sewage. Plumbing systems are crucial to
modern living, enabling us to access clean water for
drinking, cooking, and cleaning, and also to safely
involves the installation and maintenance of various
fixtures, appliances, and devices, such as sinks, toilets,
showers, and water heaters. Overall, the objective of
plumbing is to create a safe and sanitary living
environment that is conducive to good health and
hygiene.
In summary the objective of plumbing can be
broken down into two
1.To supply water to different parts of the
building
2.To remove and discharge human wastes and
other substances out of the building into the public
sewer or septic tank
CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE WATER SUPPLY IN THE
BUILDING
To ensure an effective water supply in a building,
several conditions need to be met. These include:
1. Sufficient Water Pressure: The water pressure should
be adequate to ensure that water is available at all the
fixtures in the building, and that there is a consistent
flow of water.
2. Proper Water Flow: The water flow should be
consistent, and the supply of water should be able to
meet the demands of the building's occupants.
3. Clean Water Supply: The water supply should be
clean and free from contaminants, which can be
achieved through proper treatment and filtration.
4. Adequate Capacity: The water supply system should
have sufficient capacity to meet the peak demand of the
building.
5. Proper Design: The water supply system should be
designed to ensure that there is no risk of
contamination, backflow or cross-connection.
6. Regular Maintenance: The water supply system
should be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure
that it is functioning correctly and to identify and
address any potential issues before they become major
problems.
7. Proper Installation: The water supply system should
be installed according to applicable building codes and
standards to ensure its safety, reliability and
effectiveness.
Meeting these conditions is crucial to ensuring a safe,
reliable and effective water supply in a building.
CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING A WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM IN A BUILDING
Planning a water system in a building involves several
important considerations. Some of the key things to
consider are:
1. Water Demand: The amount of water that will be
required for the building must be estimated to
determine the size of the system required.
2. Water Quality: The quality of the water supply
should be assessed, and measures put in place to
ensure it meets the necessary standards.
3. Water Pressure: The required water pressure must
be determined, and the system designed to meet this
requirement.
4. System Layout: The layout of the water system
should be designed to minimize the length of pipe runs,
reduce pressure drops, and ensure the most efficient
flow of water.
5. Pipe Materials: The materials used for the pipes
should be selected based on the type of water supply,
the water pressure, and the intended use.
6. Backflow Prevention: Backflow prevention measures
should be implemented to prevent the contamination
of the water supply.
7. System Maintenance: A maintenance plan should be
established to ensure the system is regularly inspected,
cleaned, and serviced.
8. Compliance with Regulations: The design and
installation of the water system should be in compliance
with relevant building codes, regulations, and
standards. 9. Water Conservation: The water system
should be designed with water conservation in mind,
including the installation of low-flow fixtures, and
measures to minimize water waste.
10. System Monitoring: The water system should be
equipped with monitoring devices to detect leaks, low
water pressure, and other issues that may require
attention.
Considering these factors in the planning of a water
system in a building can help ensure a safe, reliable, and
efficient supply of water for its occupants.
LESSON 7: PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES AND
INTRODUCTION TO THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Plumbers may work in various settings, including
residential homes, commercial buildings, industrial
facilities, and construction sites. They use specialized
tools and equipment to troubleshoot and fix issues with
plumbing systems, such as leaks, clogs, and damaged
pipes. Properly installed and maintained plumbing
systems can help ensure the health and safety of
building occupants and the surrounding environment.
WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
• In 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by
the government in the City of Manila. Master Plumber
John F. Haas became the first Chief of the Division of
Plumbing Construction and Inspection. A Plumbing
Code based on the Plumbing Code of the United States
was incorporated into the Building Code for the City of
Manila.
• In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association of
the Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized
• Manila City Ordinance 2411, the “Plumbing Code of
the City of Manila” was enacted and placed under the
Department of Public Services, Manila.
• In 1954, the Third Congress approved House Bill No.
962 which in June 18, 1955, became R.A. 1378
“Plumbing Law of the Philippines” upon ratification of
President Ramon Magsaysay.
• On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of
the Philippines prepared by NAMPAP was promulgated
and approved by Malacañang.
• Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541
otherwise known as the “Building Code of the
Philippines” was passed with the “National Plumbing
Code of 1959” as referral code in full text
• The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 which
President Joseph Estrada approved December 21, 1999
pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the
Plumbing Law.
REPUBLIC ACT 1378
The Plumbing Law of the Philippines is also known as
Republic Act No. 1378, which was enacted on June 18,
1955. This law regulates the plumbing profession in the
Philippines and establishes standards for the
installation, maintenance, and repair of plumbing
systems in buildings.
Under the Plumbing Law, all plumbing work must be
performed by licensed plumbers who have passed the
required exams and have registered with the
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). The law
also mandates the creation of a Board of Examiners for
Master Plumbers, which oversees the licensing and
regulation of the plumbing profession in the Philippines.
The Plumbing Law sets forth the standards and
specifications for plumbing installations, including the
use of approved materials, proper methods for
installing and connecting pipes, and the proper disposal
of waste materials. It also requires that all plumbing
work be inspected by authorized personnel to ensure
compliance with the law and local regulations.
The Plumbing Law of the Philippines sets forth the
standards and specifications for plumbing installations,
including the use of approved materials, proper
methods for installing and connecting pipes, and the
proper disposal of waste materials. Here are some of
the key requirements:
1. Use of Approved Materials: All plumbing installations
must use materials that have been approved by the
Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) of the Department
of Trade and Industry. This includes pipes, fittings,
valves, and other materials that come into contact with
potable water.
2. Proper Methods for Installing and Connecting Pipes:
Plumbing installations must be installed and connected
using proper methods to ensure leak-free operation.
Pipes must be properly supported, and all joints must
be properly sealed to prevent leaks.
3. Proper Disposal of Waste Materials: Waste materials
must be disposed of in accordance with local
regulations and must not pose a threat to public health
or the environment. This includes the proper
installation and maintenance of sewer lines and septic
systems.
4. Installation of Backflow Prevention Devices: All
plumbing installations must include backflow
prevention devices to prevent the contamination of
potable water sources. These devices must meet the
standards set forth by the BPS.
5. Inspection and Testing: All plumbing installations
must be inspected and tested by authorized personnel
to ensure compliance with the law and local regulations.
NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
❑ “Book of Master Plumbers” practicing their
profession in the Philippines
❑ 22 Basic Principles of the Plumbing Code
❑ 7 Code of Ethics
The National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP)
is a comprehensive set of regulations that covers all
aspects of plumbing systems, from their design and
installation to their maintenance and repair. It is a
nationally recognized standard that sets minimum
requirements for plumbing systems to ensure they are
safe, reliable, and efficient.
The NPCP covers a wide range of topics, including the
types of materials and equipment that can be used in
plumbing systems, the design and installation of water
supply and drainage systems, the construction of
plumbing fixtures, and the testing and inspection of
plumbing systems. The code also includes provisions for
the protection of public health and safety, such as
requirements for backflow prevention and the proper
disposal of wastewater.
The NPCP is enforced by the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH) through its Plumbing
Section. This section is responsible for reviewing and
approving plumbing plans, inspecting plumbing
installations, and ensuring that all plumbing systems
meet the standards set forth in the code. The DPWH
also provides training and certification programs for
plumbers to ensure they have the necessary knowledge
and skills to install and maintain plumbing systems that
comply with the NPCP.
The National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP)
sets standards for the design, installation, and
maintenance of plumbing systems to ensure they are
safe, reliable, and efficient.
1. Material Standards: The NPCP identifies approved
materials that can be used in plumbing systems, such as
pipes, fittings, valves, and fixtures. These materials must
meet certain standards for strength, durability, and
safety.
2. Water Supply Standards: The NPCP requires that
water supply systems provide adequate water pressure
and flow rates to meet the demands of the building
occupants. It also sets standards for the sizing and
installation of water supply pipes, valves, and fittings.
3. Drainage Standards: The NPCP sets standards for the
design and installation of drainage systems to ensure
they are efficient and prevent backups, leaks, and
overflows. It also requires that drainage systems are
vented to prevent the buildup of harmful gases.
4. Backflow Prevention Standards: The NPCP requires
the installation of backflow prevention devices to
prevent the contamination of the public water supply by
backflow from plumbing fixtures.
5. Maintenance and Repair Standards: The NPCP
requires that plumbing systems be maintained and
repaired to ensure they remain in good working order
and do not pose a risk to public health and safety.
SIZING AND DIMENSIONS
the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (NPCP)
sets minimum standards for the sizing and installation
of plumbing pipes, fittings, and fixtures to ensure they
are safe and efficient.
1. Water Supply Pipe Sizing: The NPCP sets minimum
standards for the sizing of water supply pipes based on
factors such as the number of fixtures being supplied,
the expected flow rates, and the water pressure
available. For example, the code requires that the
minimum size for a main water supply pipe to a building
be 25 millimeters (1 inch) in diameter.
2. Drainage Pipe Sizing: The NPCP sets minimum
standards for the sizing of drainage pipes based on
factors such as the expected flow rates and the number
of fixtures being drained. For example, the code
requires that the minimum size for a horizontal
drainage pipe serving a single fixture be 50 millimeters
(2 inches) in diameter.
3. Vent Pipe Sizing: The NPCP sets minimum standards
for the sizing of vent pipes to ensure that they are
adequate to prevent the buildup of harmful gases and
to promote efficient drainage. For example, the code
requires that vent pipes be at least the same size as the
drain pipes they serve.
4. Fixture Spacing: The NPCP sets minimum standards
for the spacing of plumbing fixtures, such as toilets,
sinks, and showers, to ensure they are installed at
appropriate distances from each other and from walls
and other obstructions.
22 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE PLUMBING CODE
1. All premises intended for human use or habitation
shall be provided with a supply of pure and
wholesome water, neither connected to unsafe water
supply nor subject to backflow or back- siphonage.
2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall
be supplied with water in sufficient volume and
pressure adequate to function satisfactorily and without
undue noise.
3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the
minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so
designed and installed as to prevent dangers from
explosion through overheating
5. Every building abutting on a street, alley or
easement with a public sewer shall connect its
plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.
6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one
water closet, one kitchen type sink, a lavatory and a
bathtub or shower to meet the basic requirements of
sanitation and personal hygiene.
7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-
absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed
and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of
solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so
arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned.
9. All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP -APPROVED
materials, free from defective workmanship, designed
and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to
ensure satisfactory service.
10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage
system shall be equipped with a water -sealed trap.
11. The drainage pipes piping system shall be designed
to provide adequate circulation of air free from
siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under
ordinary use.
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and
installed to prevent clogging and the return of foul air
to the building.
13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to
effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
workmanship.
14. Substance which will clog the pipes, produce
explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or
interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process
shall not be allowed to enter the building drainage
system.
15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent
contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar
materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the
fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly
with the building drainage system.
any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through
subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.
THE MASTER PLUMBER BOARD EXAM
Section 12. All applicants for registration as master
plumber shall be required to pass an examination as
hereinafter provided. Persons applying for admission to
the examination as herein provided, shall, prior to the
date of the examination, establish to the satisfaction of
the Board of Examiners, that he:
a. Is at least twenty-one years of age;
b. Is a citizen of the Philippines;
c. Is of good moral character
d. Is at least a high school graduate;
e. Has at least five years of experience in actual
plumbing work under the supervision of a registered
master plumber.
Section 13. Applicants for registration as master
plumbers shall be examined in the following subjects: a.
Plumbing arithmetic (10%); b. Plumbing Code (10%); c.
Sanitation, plumbing design and installation (40%); d.
Practical problems (40%);

16. No water closet shall be located in a room or

compartment which is not properly lighted and
ventilated.

17. If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable

provision shall be made for the disposal of building
sewage by some accepted method of sewage
treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.

18. Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject

to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be
made to prevent its overflow in the building.

19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in

serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers.

20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly

spaced, to be accessible for their intended use.

21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the

preservation of the strength of structural members
and the prevention of damage to walls and other
surfaces through fixture usage.

22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing system

which may be deleterious to surface or sub -surface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into